Athalia’s usurpation and tyranny. Joas is made king. Athalia is slain.
Athalia killing al the kinges progenie (except loas, who is saued by his aunt) vsurpeth the kingdome. 4. But the seuenth yeare Ioiada the high priest crowneth loas king. 13. causeth Athalia to be slaine, 17. and maketh couenant betwen God, the king, and the people.
1Now Athalia, the mother of Ochozias, seeing that her son was dead, arose and slew all the royal seed.Ma Athalia madre di Ochozia, veggendo morto il suo figliuolo, si levò su, e uccise tutta la stirpe reale.BVT Athalia the mother of Ochozias seing her sonne dead, arose, and slew al the kinges seede.Athalia vero mater Ochoziæ, videns mortuum filium suum, surrexit, et interfecit omne semen regium. 2But Josaba the daughter of king Joram, sister of Ochozias, took Joas, the son of Ochozias, and stole him from among the king’s sons that were slain, out of the bedchamber with his nurse: and hid him from the face of Athalia; so that he was not slain.Ma Josaba figliuola del re Joram, sorella di Ochozia prese Gioas figliuolo di Ochozia, trafugandolo dalla camera colla sua balia, di mezzo a' figliuoli del re, che eran messi a morte; e lo tenne nascosto alle ricerche di Athalia, affinchè non fosse messo a morte.But Iosaba king Iorams daughter, the sister of Ochozias, taking Ioas the sonne of Ochozias, stole him out of the middes of the kinges children, that were slaine, and his nurce out of the bedchamber: and hid him from the face of Athalia, that he should not be slaine.Tollens autem Josaba filia regis Joram, soror Ochoziæ, Joas filium Ochoziæ, furata est eum de medio filiorum regis qui interficiebantur, et nutricem ejus de triclinio: et abscondit eum a facie Athaliæ ut non interficeretur. 3And he was with her six years, hid in the house of the Lord. And Athalia reigned over the land.Ed egli stette segretamente con essa (balia) per sei anni nella casa del Signore: e Athalia regnò nel paese.And he was with her sixe yeares secretly in the house of our Lord. Moreouer Athalia reigned ouer the land.Eratque cum ea sex annis clam in domo Domini: porro Athalia regnavit super terram. 4And in the seventh year Joiada sent, and taking the centurions and soldiers, brought them in to him into the temple of the Lord, and made a covenant with them: and taking an oath of them in the house of the Lord, shewed them the king’s son:Ma l'anno settimo Joiada mandò a cercare i centurioni, e i soldati, e li fece venir a se nel tempio, del Signore, e fece lega con essi, e fatto prestar giuramento da essi nella casa del Signore, fece loro vedere il figliuolo del re:And in the seuenth yeare Ioiada sent and taking the centurions, and the souldiars brought them in to him into the temple of our Lord, and made a couenant with them: and adiuring them in the house of our Lord, shewed them the kinges sonne:Anno autem septimo misit Jojada, et assumens centuriones et milites, introduxit ad se in templum Domini, pepigitque cum eis fœdus: et adjurans eos in domo Domini, ostendit eis filium regis:
5And he commanded them, saying: This is the thing that you must do.E diede loro i suoi ordini, e disse: Ecco quello, che voi dovete fare:and commanded them, saying: This is the thing, which you must doe.et præcepit illis, dicens: Iste est sermo, quem facere debetis: 6Let a third part of you go in on the sabbath, and keep the watch of the king’s house. And let a third part be at the gate of Sur; and let a third part be at the gate behind the dwelling of the shieldbearers; and you shall keep the watch of the house of Messa.Una terza parte di voi entrando dì settimana sarà di guardia alla casa del re: un altro terzo starà alla porta di Sur; e un altro terzo alla porta, che è dietro all'appartamento delle guardie; e farete sentinella alla casa di Messa.Let the third part of you goe in on the Sabbath, and keepe the watch of the kinges house. And let a third part be at the gate Sur: & let a third part be at the gate behind the dwelling of the shildebearers: and you shal keepe the watch of the house of Messa.tertia pars vestrum introëat sabbato, et observet excubias domus regis. Tertia autem pars sit ad portam Sur, et tertia pars sit ad portam quæ est post habitaculum scutariorum: et custodietis excubias domus Messa. 7But let two parts of you all that go forth on the sabbath, keep the watch of the house of the Lord about the king.Due parti poi di quelli tra voi, che usciranno di settimana, staranno di sentinella alla casa del Signore intorno al re.But let two partes of you al that goe forth on the Sabbath, keepe the watch of the house of our Lord about the king.Duæ vero partes e vobis, omnes egredientes sabbato, custodiant excubias domus Domini circa regem. 8And you shall compass him round about, having weapons in your hands: and if any man shall enter the precinct of the temple, let him be slain: and you shall be with the king, coming in and going out.E lo circonderete colle armi alla mano: se alcuno entrerà nel recinto del tempio, sia messo a morte: e voi starete col re sia ch'egli venga, sia ch'egli vada.And you shal gard him round about, hauing weapons in your hands: & if anie man shal enter the precinct of the temple, let him be slaine: and you shal be with the king coming in & going out.Et vallabitis eum, habentes arma in manibus vestris: si quis autem ingressus fuerit septum templi, interficiatur: eritisque cum rege introëunte et egrediente. 9And the centurions did according to all things that Joiada the priest, had commanded them: and taking every one their men, that went in on the sabbath, with them that went out in the sabbath, came to Joiada, the priest.E i centurioni eseguirono appuntino gli ordini di Joiada Sacerdote: e prendendo ognuno di essi la sua gente, cioè quei che entravano, e quei, che uscivano di settimana, si presentarono a Joiada Sacerdote;And the centurions did according to al thinges, that Ioiada the priest had commanded them: & euerie one taking their men, that went in on the Sabbath, with them that went out in the Sabbath, came to Ioiada the priest.Et fecerunt centuriones juxta omnia quæ præceperat eis Jojada sacerdos: et assumentes singuli viros suos qui ingrediebantur sabbato, cum his qui egrediebantur sabbato, venerunt ad Jojadam sacerdotem.
10And he gave them the spears, and the arms of king David, which were in the house of the Lord.Il quale diede loro le lance, e le armi del re Davidde, le quali erano nella casa del Signore.Who gaue them the speares, & the weapons of king Dauid; which were in the house of our Lord.Qui dedit eis hastas et arma regis David, quæ erant in domo Domini. 11And they stood, having every one their weapons in their hands, from the right side of the temple, unto the left side of the altar, and of the temple, about the king.E presero tutti posto colle armi alla mano dal lato destro del tempio sino al lato sinistro dell'altare, e del tempio intorno al re.And they stood euerie one hauing their weapons in their hand, on the right side of the temple, vnto the leaft side of the altar, & of the temple, about the king.Et steterunt singuli habentes arma in manu sua, a parte templi dextera usque ad partem sinistram altaris et ædis, circum regem. 12And he brought forth the king’s son, and put the diadem upon him, and the testimony: and they made him king, and anointed him: and clapping their hands, they said: God save the king.E (Joiada) menò fuori il figliuolo del re, e gli pose in testa il diadema, e la legge: e lo fecero re, e lo unsero; e battendo palma a palma, dissero: Viva il re.And he brought forth the kinges sonne, and put vpon him the diademe, and the couenant: and they made him king, and anoynted him: and clapping with the hand, sayd: God saue the king.Produxitque filium regis, et posuit super eum diadema et testimonium: feceruntque eum regem, et unxerunt: et plaudentes manu, dixerunt: Vivat rex. 13And Athalia heard the noise of the people running: and going in to the people into the temple of the Lord,Or Athalia senti il rumore del popolo, che correva, e andò verso la moltitudine nel tempio del Signore,And Athalia heard the voice of people running: and she going in to the multitudes into the temple of our Lord,Audivit autem Athalia vocem populi currentis: et ingressa ad turbas in templum Domini, 14She saw the king standing upon a tribunal, as the manner was, and the singers, and the trumpets near him, and all the people of the land rejoicing, and sounding the trumpets: and she rent her garments, and cried: A conspiracy, a conspiracy.E vide il re, che stava sul trono secondo l'uso, e accanto a lui i cantori, e i trombetti, e tutto il popolo del paese in festa, che sonava le trombe; e stracciò le sue vesti, e gridò: Congiura, congiura.saw the king standing vpon the tribunal seate according to the maner, and the singers, and trumpettes nere him, and al the people of the land reioysing, and sounding the trumpettes: and she rent her garmentes, and cried: A conspiracie, a conspiracie.vidit regem stantem super tribunal juxta morem, et cantores, et tubas prope eum, omnemque populum terræ lætantem, et canentem tubis: et scidit vestimenta sua, clamavitque: Conjuratio, conjuratio.
15But Joiada commanded the centurions that were over the army, and said to them: Have her forth without the precinct of the temple, and whosoever shall follow her, let him be slain with the sword. For the priest had said: Let her not be slain in the temple of the Lord.Ma Joiada fece comando ai centurioni, che soprastavano alle schiere, e disse loro: Conducetela fuori del recinto del tempio, e chiunque la seguirà sia ucciso di spada. Imperocché il sommo Sacerdote avea detto: Non sia ella uccisa nel tempio del Signore.But Ioiada commanded the centurions, that were ouer the armie, and sayd to them: Lead her forth without the precinct of the temple, and whosoeuer shal folow her, let him be striken with the sword. For the priest had sayd: Let her not be slaine in the temple of our Lord.Præcepit autem Jojada centurionibus qui erant super exercitum, et ait eis: Educite eam extra septa templi, et quicumque eam secutus fuerit, feriatur gladio. Dixerat enim sacerdos: Non occidatur in templo Domini. 16And they laid hands on her: and thrust her out by the way by which the horses go in, by the palace, and she was slain there.E quelli le messer le mani addosso, e la strascinarono per la strada della porta de' cavalli presso al palazzo, ed ivi ella fu uccisa.And they layd handes on her: and threw her by the way of the entrance of the horses, beside the palace, and she was slaine there.Imposueruntque ei manus, et impegerunt eam per viam introitus equorum, juxta palatium, et interfecta est ibi. 17And Joiada made a covenant between the Lord, and the king, and the people, that they should be the people of the Lord; and between the king and the people.Joiada adunque fermò l'alleanza del Signore col re, e col popolo, affinchè fosse popolo del Signore, e tral re, e il popolo.Ioiada therfore made a couenant betwen our Lord, and the king, and betwen the people, that it should be the people of our Lord, and betwen the king and the people.Pepigit ergo Jojada fœdus inter Dominum, et inter regem, et inter populum, ut esset populus Domini: et inter regem et populum. 18And all the people of the land went into the temple of Baal, and broke down his altars, and his images they broke in pieces thoroughly: they slew also Mathan the priest of Baal before the altar. And the priest set guards in the house of the Lord.E tutto il popolo del paese entrò nel tempio di Baal, e distrussero i suoi altari, e fecero in bricioli a furia le statue: e uccisero dinanzi all'altare lo stesso Mathan sacerdote di Baal. E il sommo Sacerdote pose guardie alla casa del Signore.And al the people of the land entered into the temple of Baal, and destroyed his altars, and his images they brake in peces stoutly: Mathan also the priest of Baal they slew before the altar. And the priest sette gardes in the house of our Lord.Ingressusque est omnis populus terræ templum Baal, et destruxerunt aras ejus, et imagines contriverunt valide: Mathan quoque sacerdotem Baal occiderunt coram altari. Et posuit sacerdos custodias in domo Domini.
19And he took the centurions, and the bands of the Cerethi, and the Phelethi, and all the people of the land, and they brought the king from the house of the Lord: and they came by the way of the gate of the shieldbearers into the palace, and he sat on the throne of the kings.E presi i centurioni, e le bande di Cereth, e di Pheleth, con tutto il popolo, condussero il re fuori della casa del Signore, e andarono al palazzo per la strada della porta delle guardie; ed egli si assise sul trono dei re.And he tooke the centurious, and the legions of Cerethi and Phelethi, and al the people of the land, and they brought the king from the house of our Lord: and they came by the way of the gate of the shildebearers into the palace, and he sate vpon the throne of the kinges.Tulitque centuriones, et Cerethi et Phelethi legiones, et omnem populum terræ, deduxeruntque regem de domo Domini: et venerunt per viam portæ scutariorum in palatium, et sedit super thronum regum. 20And all the people of the land rejoiced, and the city was quiet: but Athalia was slain with the sword in the king’s house.E tutto quanto il popolo del paese fu in festa, e la città fu tranquilla: e Athalia perì di spada nella casa del re.And al the people of the land reioysed, and the citie was quiet: but Athalia was slaine with the sword in the kinges house.Lætatusque est omnis populus terræ, et civitas conquievit: Athalia autem occisa est gladio in domo regis. 21Now Joas was seven years old when he began to reign.E Gioas avea sette anni, quando principiò a regnare.And Ioas was seuen yeares old, when he began to reigne.Septemque annorum erat Joas, cum regnare cœpisset.
11:1
Year of the World 3120.
Worthington
Seed. What cruelties are occasioned by ambition! (Worthington)
11:2
Calmet
Sister. She had probably a different mother, as she consented to the death of Athalia. (Calmet)
Haydock
But the crimes of the latter required such a punishment; and even a daughter would have done wrong to screen her. (Haydock)
Josabeth, as she is called in 2 Paralipomenon 22:11., was married to Joiada the high priest, ibid.[2 Paralipomenon 22:11.]
Calmet
Out of. Hebrew and Paralipomenon, "hid him, even him and his nurse, in the bed-chamber" of the priest, in the temple; (Salien) different from that bed-chamber in which he had hitherto been nursed. Thus the passage may be reconciled. (Menochius) (Calmet)
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Lord. The case was so extraordinary, that he high priest dispensed with a woman lodging in those apartments.
Calmet
Land, for six years, by usurpation. Women were commonly excluded, and she was not of the race of David, 4 Kings 8:26. (Calmet)
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Year of the World 3126, Year before Christ 878.
Menochius
Year, of the age of Joas, ver. 21. (Menochius)
Haydock
Centurions. Five in number of the tribe of Levi, (Menochius) commanding each 100 men. Hebrew adds "the rams," (Calmet) to denote "the captains (Protestants) and the runners," or guards. (Haydock)
Calmet
Joiada was a man of great authority, virtue, and discretion; so that he was able to manage this delicate affair, and no one gave information to Athalia, as she was detested. The Levites and principal men of Juda were admonished, underhand, to be present on the day appointed. The quality of high priest, and the known probity and zeal for the public good, which were conspicuous in Joiada, as well as his being so nearly related to the lawful heir to the crown, made the people readily come forward. (Calmet)
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Sabbath. On this day the Levites replaced each other; so that many might assemble without suspicion. They guarded the king's apartments in the temple.
Calmet
The gate of Sur, or of the foundation, (2 Paralipomenon 23:5.) and the western gate leading to the palace. (Calmet)
Menochius
Sur, or "the gate of the lords," (Chaldean) is generally supposed to be on the opposite side. (Menochius)
Haydock
But this is uncertain, as well as the situation of Messa, which is perhaps the Musach, 4 Kings 16:18. This was probably some building or covert adjoining the temple, (Calmet) either belonging to some private person, (Menochius) or designed to contain the ashes, etc., taken from the temple; (Villalpand 2:32.) or a tribune for the king in the temple. (Haydock)
Menochius
The Chaldean seems to have explained it as an adverb, sollicitè, "with diligence," (Menochius) as well as the Septuagint, (Du Hamel) which is consonant to Vatable; you shall guard the house "from desertion." Let no one quit his post. (Menochius)
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Calmet
Of you. Levites, who waited on the king's person alternately. (Calmet)
Menochius
They were divided into three parts, being in actual service, ver. 6. Those who went out of office were twice the number, and are here told what to do. Sa thinks that those who entered upon duty, and those who went out, formed two thirds of the Levites, ver. 9., and 2 Paralipomenon 23:8. (Menochius)
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Calmet
Temple, to cause confusion, Syriac, etc. The court of the priests, (Ezechiel 41:9.) and that of Israel, (Josephus, [Antiquities?] 8:4.) were separated by walls, beyond which strangers were not allowed to pass. (Calmet)
Menochius
Slain, being first cast out, ver. 15. (Menochius)
Worthington
Great respect is due to holy places, and hence comes the privilege of sanctuaries. (Worthington)
11:10
Calmet
David. There was a sort of arsenal in the temple, containing arms consecrated to the Lord by David and his valiant men, in memory of their victories, 2 Kings 8:11., and 1 Paralipomenon 18:11. The usual band of Levites had proper arms, but more were employed on this occasion. (Calmet)
11:11
Calmet
Right, or south, leading to the palace, (Menochius) whence the greatest danger was feared. (Calmet)
Menochius
Altar of holocausts, that it might not impede the sight of the king. (Menochius)
11:12
Challoner
The testimony. The book of the law. (Challoner)
Thevenot
So Job (xxxi. 35, 36.) wished to have the sentence pronounced by God as a crown upon his head. The Orientals still lift to their heads the letters which they have received from people whom they wish to honour. (Thevenot, 46.)
Some think that the diadem was adorned with phylacteries, or scrolls, containing parts of the law, (Grotius) particularly what related to the king; (Haydock) or that Joas held in his hand a roll of vellum, containing those instructions, (Deuteronomy 17:18., and 2 Paralipomenon 23:11.) instead of a sceptre.
Calmet
Anointed him, by the hands of Joiada; as this ceremony was requisite on account of the usurpation of Athalia. In peaceable times the unction was not given, (Calmet) according to the Jews, (Haydock) whose sentiment is elsewhere shewn to be unsatisfactory. (Calmet)
11:13
Haydock
Going in. She must have been attended by a strong guard, to force the passage through the Levites at the door. (Haydock)
11:14
Challoner
A tribunal. A tribune, or place elevated above the rest. (Challoner)
Hebrew, "on a pillar." Solomon had stood upon one of brass, three cubits high and five broad. See 4 Kings 23:3., and 2 Paralipomenon 6:13.
11:15
Haydock
Precinct. Hebrew sederoth, (untranslated by the Septuagint and (Haydock) improperly supposed by Josephus to be the torrent Cedron) means, "the ranks" of the guards, (Calmet) or, "ranges" of the sacred buildings, which her impure blood must not defile. (Haydock)
Menochius
Follow her, as an accomplice. (Menochius)
11:16
Haydock
Thrust. Hebrew, "and she went by the way by which the horses enter the king's house. When she was come within the horse-gate of the palace, they killed her there," 2 Paralipomenon 23:15. Such was the ignominious end of this true daughter of Jezabel! (Haydock)
11:17
Haydock
People. Joiada, as mediator (Calmet) between God, the king, and the people, engaged the two latter to be faithful to their common Lord, and to each other. They promised mutually to observe the laws, and, on that condition, the high priest gave them an assurance that God would protect them. (Haydock)
Calmet
The covenant entered into by their fathers (Exodus 19:5.) was renewed. (Calmet)
11:18
Altar. Many of the sacred ornaments belonging to the temple had been transported to the house of Baal, probably on Mount Olivet, where Solomon had formerly erected such buildings, 3 Kings 11:5., and 2 Paralipomenon 24:7. The reform of the state justly, therefore, began with the destruction of this profane and sacrilegious place.
Calmet
Lord, according to the former regulations, which had been lately ill observed, to prevent any thing unclean from coming in, 2 Paralipomenon 23:19. (Calmet)
Haydock
Septuagint, "the priest placed overseers (episkopons) in the house of the Lord. (Haydock)
11:19
Haydock
Phelethi. In the Hebrew of the books of Kings we read nothing of these bands after the reign of David. The same expressions occur here as [in] ver. 4., "the centurions, the rams, (or captains) and the runners," (Calmet) or guards. (Protestants) (Haydock)
Gate, on the west. Athalia had probably entered by the south.
Calmet
Kings. It was made of ivory, etc., 3 Kings 10:18. (Calmet)
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The testimony.... The book of the law.
11:14
A tribunal.... A tribune, or a place elevated above the rest.
11:1
Ambition cause of much crueltie.
11:4
Our Sauiour calleth this high priest, Zacharias; which signifieth blessed of our Lord, for the iustice which he did towards Athalia and Ioas. S. Hierom. li. 4. in Math. c. 23.
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Great respect is to be had of holie places. VVherof cometh the priuilege of Sanctuaries.
11:3
Pope St Gregory I the Great † AD 604 The Book of Pastoral Rule 1.3
… xv. 17, 30 ); for, desirous of being honoured before the people while unwilling to be publicly blamed, he cut off from himself even him who had anointed him to the kingdom. Thus David, who in the judgment of Him who chose him was well pleasing to Him in almost all his deeds, as soon as the weight of pressure was removed, broke out into a swelling sore (
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Pope St Gregory I the Great † AD 604 The Book of Pastoral Rule 1.3
… 3 , seq .), and, having been as a laxly running one in his appetite for the woman, became as a cruelly hard one in the slaughter of the man; and he who had before known pitifully how to spare the bad learnt afterwards, without impediment of hesitation, to pant even for the death of the good (
11:1
1. But Athalia the mother of Ochozias, seeing her son dead (Ochozias slain by Jehu, cap. ix, vers. 27,) arose (raised herself up), and slew all the seed royal, — namely all the sons of king Ochozias and his son's sons, and therefore his grandsons and others descended from the kings. "Athalia" was the impious daughter of the impious Achab and Jezabel, married to Joram son of Josaphat king of Juda, and by him bore Ochozias: wherefore seeing Ochozias her son slain by Jehu, she seized the kingdom, and slew all the sons of the king, of whom she was grandmother.
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2. But Josaba daughter of king Joram, sister of Ochozias, took Joas son of Ochozias, and stole him away, etc., and hid him from the face of Athalia, that he might not be slain. — Josephus, lib. IX Antiq. cap. vii, asserts that Josaba was the wife of Joiada the High Priest, and therefore Joiada was as it were the uncle of Joas, and as the High Priest restored him to the kingdom. Therefore Philo errs, or rather Pseudo-Philo in the breviary of times, whom John Annius and John Lucidus followed, saying that in Ochozias the line of Solomon failed, for as many as follow him descend from Nathan not from Solomon; for Joas here is expressly called the son of Ochozias, who descended from Solomon, not from Nathan. Therefore frivolous is what the same add, that for this reason Joas, Amasias and Ochozias are omitted in the genealogy of Christ, Matt. i, because in Ochozias the line of Solomon failed.
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6. A third part of you shall enter on the sabbath (into the house of the Lord or the temple), and shall keep the watches of the king's house, — that is, shall guard the gate of the temple facing toward the palace. Thus Abulensis, Cajetanus and others. Joiada divided the soldiers into three parts, so that they might guard three necessary places for the protection of the new king, and for the apprehension of Athalia. Moreover Joiada took the greater part of these soldiers from the Levites, over whom he presided as High Priest, so that the conspiracy might be more secret and safer; for if he had taken laymen, Athalia would certainly have learned of it immediately and oppressed them. Hence also on the sabbath he detained the Levites, who having completed their weekly turn of duty, were accustomed to return to their homes, so that he might gather a greater number of soldiers from them. Hence also he took five Centurions from the Levites, who would gather the other Levites scattered throughout the cities of Juda to themselves, namely Azarias son of Jeroham, Ismael son of Johanan, Azarias son of Obed, Maasias son of Adaias, and Elisaphat son of Zechri, as is said in II Paral. xxiii, 4. Moreover these Levites came without arms to the temple, as if about to minister in it: but Joiada the High Priest gave them there spears, lances, shields and bucklers, as is said there vers. 9 and here 10. And a third part shall be at the gate, which is behind the habitation of the shield-bearers. — This is the gate by which one descended from the house of the Lord or from the temple into the palace, as is evident, vers. 3, which in II Paral. xxiii, 20, is called "the upper."
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7. Two parts of you, all going out on the sabbath, shall keep watch over the house of the Lord around the king. — Note that on each sabbath the ministers, namely the priests and Levites, were accustomed to be changed in the temple for ministering, so that through the weeks each in turn would minister according to the order prescribed by David in I Paralipomenon xxiv, 3 et seq. Joiada therefore retained both, that is the ministers of each week, namely one ending and the other beginning, and indeed the new ones entering into the ministry of the temple he divided into three parts or classes, and to each he assigned one gate to be guarded; but the old ones, or those going out, he distributed into two parts, which would guard the young king Joas, as is said in this verse. Thus Abulensis.
11:8
8. But if anyone shall have entered the enclosure of the temple, let him be put to death. — For military discipline of the guard had to be observed most strictly here, lest either the ranks be thrown into confusion by the crowd flowing in, or Athaliah send in soldiers or ministers of hers, who might intercept or kill the young king.
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12. And he brought forth the king's son, and put upon him a diadem (for he crowned him king), and the testimony. — For diadem the Hebrew is נזר nezer, for which the Septuagint renders ἁγίασμα, that is sanctification, by which Theodoret understands chrism; but concerning the chrism and anointing of Joas it follows shortly after, and nezer signifies a diadem, or royal crown, which the Septuagint calls sanctification, because it was kept in the holy temple, so that it might be placed upon the faithful king of Israel, as if chosen and sanctified by God. Thus Abulensis. By testimony Pagninus and Vatablus understand the royal garment, namely purple or a purple cloak. Others better understand Deuteronomy: for God had commanded this to be given to the new king in Deuteronomy xvii, 18 and 19, so that the king might learn from it that it is his duty both to worship God piously and to rule his subjects benevolently as a father. Thus Abulensis, Cajetan and others.
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14. The people of the land, — that is the common people, for this is vile, and 'to the earth' as it were cast down, and thrown into earthly things.
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16. And they thrust her out, — that is with hands laid upon her they forcibly dragged her out of the temple, so that they might kill her outside, lest they pollute the temple with the slaughter and blood of so impious a woman.
11:19
19. Cerethites and Peletites, — who these were I said in Book II, chapter viii. In Hebrew it is leaders and runners, that is swift soldiers, as are the light-armed troops. Our translator named them Cerethites and Peletites, because these were the praetorian and most valiant soldiers, who were especially necessary in this deed.
11:20
20. She was slain by the sword in the house of the king, — that is near the house, or palace of the king, as was said in verse 16. Fittingly she is slain there where she had sinned; for she had seized the palace and the kingdom. Wherefore it is not true what Josephus says in Book IX, chapter vii, that Athaliah was dragged to the torrent of Cedron and slain there; yet it could have happened that the body of the slain woman was cast into the torrent of Cedron. Similar to Athaliah and Jezabel in impiety and equally in the vengeance of God, in the time of St. Gregory the Great, the Pontiff, was Brunhilda, mother and grandmother of many kings of France. For in order that she might reign perpetually and die a queen, she kept Theodoric the king, whose grandmother she was, entangled in the loves of concubines, and therefore she expelled from Gaul St. Columban who rebuked him, and killed Desiderius, Bishop of Vienne, and Delphinus, Bishop of Lyons, and by her work and counsel destroyed ten kings; but at last she was captured by King Clothair, and placed first upon a camel and led about as a mockery to all the people, then tied by her hair to the tail of an unbroken horse, and dragged, her brain was scattered by the kicks of the horse, and the rest of her limbs were torn apart and scattered over rough stones, thorns and rocks, as Baronius relates from Aimoinus in the year of Christ 614.
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
11:1
1 and 2 (3 and 4) Book of Kings
… greatness (ibid. 4, 20-34), the account of the visit of the Queen of Sheba (ibid. 10, 1-29); others of priestly origin, which narrate the construction of the Temple (ibid. 6, 1-7, 50), the revolt against Athaliah, organized by the high priest Jehoiada (II Reg. 11, 1-20), the restorations of the Temple under Joash (ibid. 12, 1-16), the religious reform of Josiah (ibid. 22, 3-23, 27) etc.; others, finally, of prophetic origin, whence the invective …
… The child, raised in secret in the Temple through her care and that of her husband Jehoiada, when he had reached the age of seven was acclaimed king by the nation (2 Kings 11:1-4; 2 Chronicles 22:10-12). It does not appear that I.'s mother was the aforementioned Queen Athaliah, as Flavius Josephus supposes (Antiq. …
11:4
In 842 the impious Athaliah usurped the throne and exterminated the Davidic line (II Kings 11, 4); Joash, who escaped her, abandoned himself to idolatry, while Hazael, king of Syria, invaded the city and did not withdraw until he had received the abundant riches of the treasury …
11:7
… It would represent the har hawa-mafīth ("mount of perdition"); II Kings 23:13), facing Jerusalem (ibid. 11:7), where Solomon consecrated some "high places" to the deities of his foreign women.
11:10
… Its door had no leaves (I Kings 6, 3; II Kings 11, 10). The courts were two (II Kings 21, 5; 23, 12; II Chron. 33, 5). The outer court (ibid. 4, 9; cf. Ezek. 10, 17) was a square, enclosed by a wall and paved with stones. …
11:18
Baal (Ba'al = 'Lord, Master, Owner')
B. was worshiped on the terraces of houses (Jer. 32:29; II Kings 23:12), in temples (I Kings 16:32; II Kings 10:21-27; 11:18) and especially on the bāmōth (v. BĀMĀH); cf. Jer. 19:5; 32:35; I Kings 18:20. Around the altars the ḥammānīm were erected and human victims were also offered to B. Such rites, cruel …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.