Iudith a most veriuous, rich, fayre, & renowmed widow. 9. rebuketh the high priest and ancientes, for their determination to deliuer the citie, if ayde come not in fiue dayes, 14. exhorteth al to penance. 28. They al agree to her godlie aduise, 30. praying for good sucesse of her intention, which they yet know not.
1Now it came to pass, when Judith a widow had heard these words, who was the daughter of Merari, the son of Idox, the son of Joseph, the son of Ozias, the son of Elai, the son of Jamnor, the son of Gedeon, the son of Raphaim, the son of Achitob, the son of Melchias, the son of Enan, the son of Nathanias, the son of Salathiel, the son of Simeon, the son of Ruben:Or quelle parole furono intese da Giuditta vedova, la quale era figliuola di Merari, figliuolo di Idox, figliuolo di Joseph figliuolo di Ozia, figliuolo di Elai, figliuolo di Jamnor, figliuolo di Gedeon, figliuolo di Raphaim, figliuolo di Achitob, figliuolo di Melchia, figliuolo di Enan, figliuolo di Natania, figliuolo di Salathiel, figliuolo di Simeon: figliuolo di Ruben:AND it came to passe, when Iudith a widow had heard these wordes, which was the daughter of Merari, the sonne of Idox, the sonne of Ioseph, the sonne of Ozias, the sonne of Elai, the sonne of Iamnor, the sonne of Gedeon, the sonne of Raphaim, the sonne of Achitob, the sonne of Melchias, the sonne of Enan, the sonne of Nathanias, the sonne of Salathiel, the sonne of Simeon, the sonne of Israel:Et factum est cum audisset hæc verba Judith vidua, quæ erat filia Merari filii Idox filii Joseph filii Oziæ filii Elai filii Jamnor filii Gedeon filii Raphaim filii Achitob filii Melchiæ filii Enan filii Nathaniæ filii Salathiel filii Simeon filii Ruben, 2And her husband was Manasses, who died in the time of the barley harvest:E marito di lei fu Manasse, il quale morì in tempo della mietitura dell'orzo:and her husband was Manasses, who died in the daies of barley haruest:et vir ejus fuit Manasses, qui mortuus est in diebus messis hordeaceæ: 3For he was standing over them that bound sheaves in the field; and the heat came upon his head, and he died in Bethulia his own city, and was buried there with his fathers.Perocchè mentre si sollecitava quei, che legavano i covoni nel campo, il caldo lo prese al capo, e si morì in Betulia sua patria, e ivi fu sepolto coi padri suoi.for he was occupied with them that bound sheues in the field, and the heate came vpon his head, and he died in Bethulia his citie, and was buried there with his father.instabat enim super alligantes manipulos in campo, et venit æstus super caput ejus, et mortuus est in Bethulia civitate sua, et sepultus est illic cum patribus suis. 4And Judith his relict was a widow now three years and six months.Ed erano già tre anni e sei mesi che Giuditta era rimasa vedova di lui.And Iudith was leaft his widow now three yeares and six monethes.Erat autem Judith relicta ejus vidua jam annis tribus et mensibus sex.
5And she made herself a private chamber in the upper part of her house, in which she abode shut up with her maids.Ed ella si era fatta nella parte superiore della casa una stanza appartata dove se ne stava rinchiusa colle sue ancelle,And in the higher partes of her house she made her self a secrete chamber, in which she abode shut vp with her maides,Et in superioribus domus suæ fecit sibi secretum cubiculum, in quo cum puellis suis clausa morabatur, 6And she wore haircloth upon her loins, and fasted all the days of her life, except the sabbaths, and new moons, and the feasts of the house of Israel.E portando a' suoi fianchi il cilicio, digiunava tutti i giorni di sua vita, toltine i sabati, e i novilunii, e i dì festivi della casa d'Israello.and hauing cloth of heare vpon her loynes, she fasted al the daies of her life, but Sabbathes, and newmoones, and the feastes of the house of Israel.et habens super lumbos suos cilicium, jejunabat omnibus diebus vitæ suæ, præter sabbata et neomenias et festa domus Israël. 7And she was exceedingly beautiful, and her husband left her great riches, and very many servants, and large possessions of herds of oxen, and flocks of sheep.Or ella era di bellissimo aspetto, e suo marito le avea lasciate molte ricchezze, e una numerosa famiglia, e delle possessioni, dov'erano molti armenti di bovi, e branchi di pecore.And she was of an exceding beautiful countenance, to whom her husband had leaft much richesse, and a great familie, and possessions ful of heardes of oxen, and flockes of sheepe.Erat autem eleganti aspectu nimis, cui vir suus reliquerat divitias multas, et familiam copiosam, ac possessiones armentis boum, et gregibus ovium plenas. 8And she was greatly renowned among all, because she feared the Lord very much, neither was there any one that spoke an ill word of her.Ed ella era in grandissimo concetto presso di tutti, perchè molto temeva Dio; e non v'era chi dicesse una mala parola di essa.And she was among al most famous, because she feared our Lord very much, neither was there that spake an il word of her.Et erat hæc in omnibus famosissima, quoniam timebat Dominum valde, nec erat qui loqueretur de illa verbum malum. 9When therefore she had heard that Ozias had promised that he would deliver up the city after the fifth day, she sent to the ancients Chabri and Charmi.Avendo adunque ella sentito, come Ozia avea promesso, che passati cinque giorni avrebbe renduta la città, mandò a chiamare Chabri, e Charmi seniori.When she therfore had heard that Ozias had promised, that after the fifth day were past he would yeld the citie, she sent to the ancientes Chabri and Charmi.Hæc itaque cum audisset quoniam Ozias promisisset quod transacto quinto die traderet civitatem, misit ad presbyteros Chabri et Charmi.
10And they came to her, and she said to them: What is this word, by which Ozias hath consented to give up the city to the Assyrians, if within five days there come no aid to us?E questi andarono a lei, ed ella disse loro: Che discorso è mai quello fatto da Ozia di render la città agli Assiri, se dentro cinque giorni non viene a voi soccorso?And they came to her, and she said to them: What is this word, wherein Ozias hath consented, to yeld the citie to the Assyrians, if within fiue daies there come no ayde to vs?Et venerunt ad illam, et dixit illis: Quod est hoc verbum, in quo consensit Ozias, ut tradat civitatem Assyriis si intra quinque dies non venerit vobis adjutorium ? 11And who are you that tempt the Lord?E chi siete voi, che tentate il Signore?And what are you, that tempt our Lord?et qui estis vos, qui tentatis Dominum ? 12This is not a word that may draw down mercy, but rather that may stir up wrath, and enkindle indignation.Non è questo un fare, che inviti la misericordia, ma che provoca l'ira, ed accende il furore.This is no word that may prouoke mercie, but rather that may rayse vp wrath, and inflame furie.non est iste sermo qui misericordiam provocet, sed potius qui iram excitet, et furorem accendat. 13You have set a time for the mercy of the Lord, and you have appointed him a day, according to your pleasure.Voi avete fissato il tempo alla misericordia del Signore, e ad arbitrio vostro le avete prescritto il giorno.You haue set a time for the mercie of our Lord, and according to your pleasure, you haue appointed him a day.Posuistis vos tempus miserationis Domini, et in arbitrium vestrum, diem constituistis ei. 14But forasmuch as the Lord is patient, let us be penitent for this same thing, and with many tears let us beg his pardon:Ma da che il Signore è paziente, facciam penitenza ancora di questo, ed imploriamo con abbondanza di lagrime la sua indulgenza:But because our Lord is patient, let vs be penitent for this same thing, and sheding teares let vs desire his pardon:Sed quia patiens Dominus est, in hoc ipso pœniteamus, et indulgentiam ejus fusis lacrimis postulemus: 15For God will not threaten like man, nor be inflamed to anger like the son of man.Perocchè le minacce di Dio non sono come quelle degli uomini, ed ei non si accende di sdegno, come i figliuoli degli uomini.for not as man, so wil God threaten, neither as the sonne of man wil he be inflamed to anger.non enim quasi homo sic Deus comminabitur, neque sicut filius hominis ad iracundiam inflammabitur. 16And therefore let us humble our souls before him, and continuing in an humble spirit, in his service:Per la qual cosa umiliamo dinanzi a lui le anime nostre, e in ispirito di umiliazione, come suoi servi,And therfore let vs humble our soules to him, and being setled in an humble spirit, seruing him:Et ideo humiliemus illi animas nostras, et in spiritu constituti humiliato, servientes illi
17Let us ask the Lord with tears, that according to his will so he would shew his mercy to us: that as our heart is troubled by their pride, so also we may glorify in our humility.Diciamo con lacrime al Signore, che in quel modo, che a lui piace usi con noi di sua misericordia, onde come per la superbia di coloro è rimaso sbigottito il cuor nostro; così pure della umiliazione nostra abbiamo a gloriarci:let vs say weeping to our Lord, that according to his wil so he doe his mercie with vs: that as our hart is trubled in their pride, so also we may glorie in our humilitie:dicamus flentes Domino, ut secundum voluntatem suam sic faciat nobiscum misericordiam suam: ut sicut conturbatum est cor nostrum in superbia eorum, ita etiam de nostra humilitate gloriemur: 18For we have not followed the sins of our fathers, who forsook their God, and worshipped strange gods.Perocchè noi non abbiamo imitati i falli de' padri nostri, i quali abbandonarono il loro Dio, ed onorarono gli dei stranieri:because we haue not folowed the sinnes of our fathers, which forsooke their God, and adored strange goddes,quoniam non sumus secuti peccata patrum nostrorum, qui dereliquerunt Deum suum, et adoraverunt deos alienos, 19For which crime they were given up to their enemies, to the sword, and to pillage, and to confusion: but we know no other God but him.Scelleraggine, per cui furon essi abbandonati alla spada, alle rapine, agli scherni de' lor nemici: ma noi altro Dio non conosciamo fuori di lui.for which abomination they were geuen into the sword, and into confusion to their enemies: but we know no other God but him.pro quo scelere dati sunt in gladium, et in rapinam, et in confusionem inimicis suis: nos autem alterum deum nescimus præter ipsum. 20Let us humbly wait for his consolation, and the Lord our God will require our blood of the afflictions of our enemies, and he will humble all the nations that shall rise up against us, and bring them to disgrace.Aspettiamo con umiltà le sue consolazioni, ed egli vendicherà il nostro sangue dalle oppressioni de'nostri nemici, e umilierà le nazioni tutte, che si levano contro di noi, e le svergognerà il signore Dio nostro.Let vs humbly expect his consolation, and he wil require our bloud of the afflictions of our enemies, and he wil humble al Nations, what soeuer shal rise vp against vs, and the Lord our God wil make them without honour.Expectemus humiles consolationem ejus, et exquiret sanguinem nostrum de afflictionibus inimicorum nostrorum, et humiliabit omnes gentes, quæcumque insurgunt contra nos, et faciet illas sine honore Dominus Deus noster. 21And now, brethren, as you are the ancients among the people of God, and their very soul resteth upon you: comfort their hearts by your speech, that they may be mindful how our fathers were tempted that they might be proved, whether they worshipped their God truly.Or adunque, o fratelli, giacchè voi siete gli anziani del popolo di Dio, e da voi pendono gli animi loro, ravvivate i loro cuori colle vostre parole, rammentando loro, come furon tentati i padri nostri, affinchè apparisse, se veracemente onorassero il Dio loro.And now bretheren, because you are ancientes in the people of God, and their soules depende of you: by your speach comforte their hartes, that they be mindful, that our fathers were tempted to be proued, whether they did worshippe their God truly.Et nunc fratres, quoniam vos estis presbyteri in populo Dei, et ex vobis pendet anima illorum, ad eloquium vestrum corda eorum erigite, ut memores sint quia tentati sunt patres nostri, ut probarentur si vere colerent Deum suum.
22They must remember how our father Abraham was tempted, and being proved by many tribulations, was made the friend of God.Debbon essi avere in memoria, come fu tentato Abramo, padre nostro, e dopo la prova di molte tribolazioni divenne l'amico di Dio.They must be mindful how our father Abraham was tempted, and by many tribulations proued, was made the freind of God.Memores esse debent quomodo pater noster Abraham tentatus est, et per multas tribulationes probatus, Dei amicus effectus est. 23So Isaac, so Jacob, so Moses, and all that have pleased God, passed through many tribulations, remaining faithful.Così Isacco, così Giacobbe, così Mosè, e tutti quelli, che piacquero a Dio, mantenendo la fede passaron per molte tribolazioni.So Isaac, so Iacob, so Moyses, & al that haue pleased God, through manie tribulations haue passed faithful.Sic Isaac, sic Jacob, sic Moyses, et omnes qui placuerunt Deo, per multas tribulationes transierunt fideles. 24But they that did not receive the trials with the fear of the Lord, but uttered their impatience and the reproach of their murmuring against the Lord,Quelli poi, i quali non nel timor del Signore incontraron le tentazioni, ma si versaron in impazienze, e in vergognose mormorazioni contro il Signore.But they that did not receiue the tentations with the feare of our Lord, and vttered their impatience and reproch of their murmuring against our Lord,Illi autem qui tentationes non susceperunt cum timore Domini, et impatientiam suam et improperium murmurationis suæ contra Dominum protulerunt, 25Were destroyed by the destroyer, and perished by serpents.Dallo sterminatore furono sterminati, e morsi dai serpenti perirono,were destroyed of the destroyer, and perished by serpents.exterminati sunt ab exterminatore, et a serpentibus perierunt. 26As for us therefore let us not revenge ourselves for these things which we suffer.Noi pure adunque non cerchiam di sfogarci, per quel, che soffriamo,And we therfore let vs not reuenge ourselues for these thinges, which we suffer,Et nos ergo non ulciscamur nos pro his quæ patimur, 27But esteeming these very punishments to be less than our sins deserve, let us believe that these scourges of the Lord, with which like servants we are chastised, have happened for our amendment, and not for our destruction.Ma ripensando, che minori de' nostri peccati son questi supplizi, crediamo, che i flagelli del Signore, coi quali siam gastigati quali servi, sono mandati per emendazione nostra, non per rovina.but reputing these verie punishments to be the scourges of our Lord lesse then our sinnes, wherwith as seruantes we are chastised, let vs thinke them to haue chanced to our amendement, and not to our destruction.sed reputantes peccatis nostris hæc ipsa supplicia minora esse flagella Domini, quibus quasi servi corripimur ad emendationem, et non ad perditionem nostram evenisse credamus.
28And Ozias and the ancients said to her: All things which thou hast spoken are true, and there is nothing to be reprehended in thy words.E Ozia, e gli anziani le dissero: Tutto quel che hai detto è verità, e nelle tue parole nulla è da riprendere.And Ozias and the ancientes sayd to her: Al thinges which thou hast spoken, be true, and there is no reprehension in thy wordes.Et dixerunt illi Ozias et presbyteri: Omnia quæ locuta es, vera sunt, et non est in sermonibus tuis ulla reprehensio. 29Now therefore pray for us, for thou art a holy woman, and one fearing God.Ora pertanto prega (il Signore) per noi giacchè tu se una santa donna, e temi Iddio.Now therfore pray for vs, because thou art a holie woman, and fearing God.Nunc ergo ora pro nobis, quoniam mulier sancta es, et timens Deum. 30And Judith said to them: As you know that what I have been able to say is of God:E Giuditta disse loro: Siccome voi conoscete, che di Dio è quello, che ho potuto dire;And Iudith said to them: As you know, that which I could speake to be of God:Et dixit illis Judith: Sicut quod potui loqui, Dei esse cognoscitis, 31So that which I intend to do prove ye if it be of God, and pray that God may strengthen my design.Così fate prova, se da Dio è quello, che ho risoluto di fare, e pregate Dio, che ratifichi il mio disegno,so that which I haue disposed to doe, proue if it be of God, and pray that God establish my counsel.ita quod facere disposui, probate si ex Deo est, et orate ut firmum faciat Deus consilium meum. 32You shall stand at the gate this night, and I will go out with my maidservant: and pray ye, that as you have said, in five days the Lord may look down upon his people Israel.Voi questa notte starete alla porta, e io uscirà colla mia serva; e voi fate orazione, affinchè dentro i cinque giorni, come avete promesso, volga il Signore lo sguardo verso il popolo suo d'Israele.You shal stand at the gate this night, and I wil goe out with myne abra: and pray ye, that as you haue said, in fiue dayes our Lord respect his people Israel.Stabitis vos ad portam nocte ista, et ego exeam cum abra mea: et orate, ut sicut dixistis, in diebus quinque respiciat Dominus populum suum Israël. 33But I desire that you search not into what I am doing, and till I bring you word let nothing else be done but to pray for me to the Lord our God.Non voglio però che si indaghi da voi quel che io sia per fare, e sino a tanto ch'io ve ne porti novella, non altro si faccia, se non pregare il Signore Dio nostro per me.But I wil not that you search my doing, and til I bring you word, let nothing els be done, but pray for me to our Lord God.Vos autem nolo ut scrutemini actum meum, et usque dum renuntiem vobis, nihil aliud fiat, nisi oratio pro me ad Dominum Deum nostrum.
34And Ozias the prince of Juda said to her: Go in peace, and the Lord be with thee to take revenge of our enemies. So returning they departed.E Ozia principe di Giuda le disse: Va in pace e siate con il Signore a far vendetta de' nostri nemici, e quelli si ritirarono.And Ozias the prince of Iuda said to her: Goe in peace, and our Lord be with thee to the reuenge of our enemies. And returning they departed.Et dixit ad eam Ozias princeps Juda: Vade in pace, et Dominus sit tecum in ultionem inimicorum nostrorum. Et revertentes abierunt.
8:1
Calmet
Idox. Greek, "ox," etc. All the versions disagree, as the copyists have probably taken in part of ver. 3 too soon, supposing that the genealogy of women was never given. St. Fulgentius (ep. ad Gallam) differs from all, giving the ancestors of Manasses as the same with those of Judith. (Calmet)
Challoner
Simeon, the son of Ruben. In the Greek, it is, the son of Israel. For Simeon, the patriarch, from whom Judith descended, was not the son, but the brother of Ruben. It seems more probable, that the Simeon and the Ruben here mentioned are not the patriarchs, but two of the descendants of the patriarch Simeon: and that the genealogy of Judith, recorded in this place, is not carried up so high as the patriarchs. No more than that of Elcana, the father of Samuel, (1 Kings 1:1.) and that of king Saul, 1 Kings 9:1. (Challoner)
Calmet
Others think that Judith descended from Ruben, by her father, and from Simeon, by her mother; (Estius) or that, instead of son of Ruben, we should read "brother." But as we know that Judith calls Simeon her father, (chap. 9:2.) it is more likely that Ruben has been placed for Israel, as it is in Syriac, St. Fulgentius, etc. This correction is maintained by Bellarmine, Salien, Menochius. (Calmet)
Calmet
Thus both Judith and her husband were of the same tribe, the former by Salathiel, the latter by Sarisadai. (Calmet)
Haydock
Innumerable are the mistakes in the proper names, in Scripture. (Haydock)
Haydock
Some of these might have had more than one. Greek has Sarasdai, (Complutensian, "Saladai;" Alexandrian Septuagint, "Salasadai.") instead of Simeon, son of Israel: (Calmet) Alexandrian Septuagint, "Jeel," which is probably a contraction for Israel. (Haydock)
8:2
Who. Greek adds, "of her tribe and family, and he died in the days," etc.
8:3
Haydock
Died. Greek, "fell upon his couch; (Grabe adds, "and died in Betuloua, his own city,") and they buried him with his fathers, in the field between Dothaim and Balamo." (Haydock)
Calmet
These places seem to be added without reason, as they were too remote from Bethulia. (Calmet)
8:4
Six. So the old Vulgate, Greek, and Syriac have, four months.
Calmet
Private. Greek, "a tent on the roof," that she might look towards Jerusalem, and pray with less distraction. Absalom lay in such a situation, 2 Kings 16:22. (Calmet)
Haydock
In which. Greek, "and she put sackcloth," etc., ver. 6. (Haydock)
Calmet
It was a rough sort of garment. (Calmet)
Worthington
Judith led a most religious life, in prayer, hair-cloth, and fasting, all the year, except on the festivals. (Worthington)
8:6
Haydock
Loins. Greek, "and she had on the garments of her widowhood, and." (Haydock)
Calmet
She laid these aside, Judith 10:2:(Calmet)
Haydock
Life. Greek, "widowhood, except the day before the sabbath, and the sabbaths, and the new moons, and feasts, and days of rejoicing of the house of Israel." (Haydock)
Calmet
Syriac and old Vulgate omit, "the day before the sabbath;" and perhaps it may not have been in the original, the Greek translator having inserted it conformably to the practice of his times. It was then prescribed to abstain from fasting, that the joy of the festival might not be impaired, (Grotius) and because it would be necessary to taste what was made ready for the sabbath; (Skikard, Purim) or rather because, as the festival began on Friday, between the two vespers, or from three to six in the afternoon, during the equinoxes, the fast could not be rigorously observed on Friday. (Calmet)
New moons were days of rejoicing. (Menochius) (1 Kings 20:5.)
8:7
Of oxen. Greek, Syriac, etc., add, "and fields, and she lived on them."
8:8
St. Jerome ad Salvinam
Her. "The reputation of chastity in women is tender, and, like a beautiful flower, presently withers at the least blast, and perishes; particularly when they are at an age prone to vice, and destitute of the authority of a husband, whose shadow is the safeguard to a wife." (St. Jerome ad Salvinam.)
Calmet
The Scripture could not give Judith a greater character. (Calmet)
Haydock
How few can obtain it at present, though their virtue may be most pure, detraction is so keen! (Haydock)
8:9
Haydock
When. Greek and Syriac, "and she heard of the evil discourses of the populace against the magistrate, as they lost courage on account of the scarcity of water; and Judith heard of all the words of Ozias to them, how he had sworn to them that he would deliver up the city to the Assyrians after five days. Then sending her maid, whom she had placed at the head of all her possessions, she called Ozias," etc. The following verses give the same sense as the Vulgate, though in other words, and with some additional circumstances. (Haydock)
8:13
Calmet
Pleasure. She blames the magistrates for taking a rash oath, pretending to fathom the designs of God, and to fix a time for him, and not attempting to make any resistance, though the welfare of the whole nation, and the sacred things, depended on their exertions. (Calmet)
Worthington
They had been assured that God had heard their prayer, (chap. 4:9.) and had often witnessed a miraculous interference of Providence. In other circumstances (Haydock) the magistrates would not have been to blame, though Judith might think them so; (Serarius. See ver. 26.; Menochius) and, in effect, they ought rather to have died than thus to have exposed all to certain ruin. (Worthington)
8:15
Man. Greek, "But do not you govern the designs of the Lord, our God, for God is not to be menaced like man, nor forced to give an account like the son of man." (Haydock) (Numbers 23:19.)
8:18
Haydock
For. Greek, "As there has not arisen in our families generations, nor is there at this day either tribe, or family, or populace, or city among us, adoring gods made with hands, as it happened in days past;" in the former part of the reign of Manasses. All had begun to open their eyes, at the sight of the dreadful catastrophe. (Haydock)
8:20
Haydock
Let. Greek, "Wherefore we hope that he will not despise us, nor those of our race; nor, if we be taken, will Judea be so styled, our sacred things will be plundered. He will require his profanation at our mouth," etc. She shews the dread consequences which will ensue from the rash oath, and from such dastardly conduct under trial. (Haydock)
8:21
Haydock
Brethren. Greek adds, "Let us shew our brethren that their soul depends on us, and the holy things, and the house, (temple) and the altar, are supported by us." These were not therefore demolished, Judith 5:22. (Haydock)
"Yea, let us give thanks, above all, to the Lord our God, who tries us like our fathers. Remember," etc.
8:23
Haydock
Jacob. Greek adds, "in Mesopotamia....because he does not take vengeance on us, as he made them pass through fire to examine their heart. But the Lord, for an admonition, chastises those who approach to him. And Ozias," ver. 28. (Haydock)
8:25
Menochius
Destroyer. As this word is not used elsewhere, (Worthington) St. Paul seems to allude to this passage, (1 Corinthians 10:10.) as Judith does to various punishments (Numbers 11:1., and 14:12., and 20:4.; Calmet) inflicted by an angel. (Menochius)
8:26
Menochius
Suffer, as if to shew our impatience (Haydock) and anger against God. (Menochius)
8:28
Haydock
Words. Greek adds, "for it is not to-day only that thy wisdom has appeared, but from thy earliest days all the people has known thy prudence, as the formation (Haydock. Syriac, the thought; Calmet) of thy heart is good. But the people was much oppressed with thirst, and they forced us to....take an oath, which we shall not break. Now," etc. (Haydock)
Houbigant
It hence appears that Judith was not very young; and as many desired to marry her, (chap. ultra; Greek) we may conclude that she was of a middle age, or about thirty-five. (Houbigant)
8:29
Haydock
God. Greek adds, "and the Lord will send rain to fill our reservoirs, and we shall faint no longer. And Judith replied: Hear me, and I will perform an action which shall come to the ears of all future generations of our race. You," etc., ver. 32. (Haydock)
Calmet
She did not tell what she was going to do. (Calmet)
8:32
Calmet
Servant. Greek abra, commonly (Haydock) denotes a maid of honour, (Worthington) or companion, though sometimes it is applied to people of loose morals. This servant had probably the administration of the affairs of her mistress, ver. 9. (Calmet)
Pray. Greek, "as you....the Lord will by my hand look," etc.
8:33
And till. Greek, "for I shall not tell you, till what I am about be accomplished. And Ozias, with the princes, said to her."
8:34
Departed. Greek adds, "from the tent to their respective stations."
8:1
Simeon the son of Ruben.... In the Greek, it is the son of Israel. For Simeon the patriarch, from whom Judith descended, was not the son, but the brother of Ruben. It seems more probable that the Simeon and the Ruben here mentioned are not the patriarchs: but two of the descendants of the patriarch Simeon: and that the genealogy of Judith, recorded in this place, is not carried up so high as the patriarchs. No more than that of Elcana the father of Samuel, 1 Kings 1.1, and that of king Saul, 1 Kings 9.1.
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In three special obseruances this holie widow led a most religions life In much priuate prayer in wearing hearecloth; and in much fasting: as it were a perpetual lent, aldayes but Sabbathes, & feastes excepted.
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the first day of the moneth.
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In this especially they offended, that they prefixed a ti••, meaning then to yeld the citie, for they shold rather haue fought against the enemie, then deliuer Gods people to a tyranne, holie thinges into prophane handes, & by their example put Ierusalem and the temple in like danger. Rabanus.
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S. Paul 1. Cor. 10. v. 10. alleaging that happened to the people of Israel in the desert, addeth this word destroyer, which is only in this place, and not Num 11. nor 14 nor els in the old Testamēt. which is an other argumēt that this boke is Canonical.
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Some thinke Abra was a proper name, but whether it was or no, it signifieth an handmaide of more honour as we speake: A maide of honour.
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sant'Ambrogio † 397 d.C. Concerning Widows 7
37. But bravery also is usually not wanting to a good widow. For this is true bravery, which surpasses the usual nature and the weakness of the sex by the devotion of the mind, such as was in her who was named Judith,
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papa san Clemente I † 99 d.C. The First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians 10
… so shall thy seed be. And Abram believed God, and it was counted to him for righteousness.” On account of his faith and hospitality, a son was given him in his old age; and in the exercise of obedience, he offered him as a sacrifice to God on one of the mountains which He showed him.
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papa san Clemente I † 99 d.C. The First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians 55
… The blessed Judith, when her city was besieged, asked of the elders permission to go forth into the camp of the strangers; and, exposing herself to danger, she went out for the love which she bare to her country and people then besieged; and the Lord delivered Holofernes into the hands of a woman.
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Idem est quod confitens, laudans, glorificans, scilicet Deum; יהודה hoda enim significat confiteri, laudare, celebrare. Ad hoc enim Judith a turba secessit in suum oratorium, ut Deum assidue oraret et laudaret. Audi S. Fulgentium, epist. 2 De statu viduali, citantem hæc verba de Judith: « Ecce vidua præclara natalibus, facultatibus dives, ætate juvenis, specie amabilis, divitias contempsit, delicias respuit, carnis incentiva calcavit, et induta virtute ex alto non quæsivit secundo famulari connubio. Propterea testimonio tam præclari operis apparuit quantum Deo dilecta sit continentia vidualis. » 4. Junius unius. — Nonnulli censent Judith esse nomen commune, sicut est Abra, sed huic heroinæ appropriatum: יהודי Jehudi enim idem est quod Judæus; unde יהודית Jehudit, et per crasin, Judith, idem est quod Judæa. Verius est Judith esse nomen proprium, cujus etymon apte hic congruit. Judith enim Hebraice FILIA MERARI, FILII IDOX. — Nota: Sedecim duntaxat generationes et totidem avi Judith hic recensentur, cum tamen, a Jacob communi Judæorum patriarcha usque ad captivitatem Babylonicam, quæ ævum Judith antecessit, numerentur 26 generationes, Matth. cap. I. Alterutrum ergo hic dicendum est, scilicet vel non omnes Judith avos hic recenseri, uti nec recensentur Elcanæ, I Reg. I, 1, nec Saulis ibidem, cap. IX, 1; sufficit enim S. Scripturæ genealogiam alicujus ad virum aliquem illustrem, v. g. in Saule ad Jemini perducere. Aut certe avos et proavos Judith in senio generasse filios. Hac enim de causa ab Esdra usque ad Aaron numerantur generationes sedecim, lib. I Esdræ cap. VII, 2; cum tamen, I Paral. VI, 3, a Josedec qui fuit coævus, imo frater Esdræ usque ad Aaron numerentur generationes 22. Sic S. Matthæus, cap. I, a Christo ad Davidem numerat generationes et avos 28, cum S. Lucas, cap. III, numeret 43. Quare hi Lucæ citius, illi Matthæi tardius generarunt. FILII SIMEON, FILII RUBEN. — Hinc aliqui putant Judith oriundam ex tribu Ruben. Verum illam prognatam fuisse ex tribu Simeon liquet ex ipsis ejus verbis, cap. IX, vers. 2. Quare Græca hic pro « filii Ruben » habent filii Israel, id est Jacob, et ita legendum censent S. Fulgentius, epist. II, cap. XXIV, Bellarminus, lib. I De Verbo Dei, cap. XII, Serarius, Mariana et alii. Quia tamen Codices Romæ correcti, cæterique constanter habent « filii Ruben, » dicendum est hunc Ruben non esse Patriarcham et primogenitum Jacob, sed esse virum illustrem ex tribu Simeon, ad quem proinde genus Judithæ hic producit, in eoque terminat, non progrediendo ad ejus patres et avos usque ad Simeon Patriarcham, et secundum Jacobi filium. Id ita esse liquet ex dictis, et ex eo quod Ruben primogenitus Jacob nullum habuerit filium, qui vocatus sit Simeon, ut patet Genes. XLVI, 9, et I Paral. V, 3. Ita Lyranus.
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VIR EJUS MANASSES. — Græca addunt eum ex eadem cum Judith fuisse tribu et patria. INSTABAT. — Græce ἐπέστη, id est, supra stabat; unde putant nonnulli Manassen fuisse præfectum messis, non suæ, sed publicæ, sive totius campi Bethulii. Sic enim Romæ et alibi, publici sunt rei frumentariæ et annonæ præfecti. Sic Josephus in vita sua ait Arbutio magni campi præfecturam creditam fuisse.
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4. Mensibus sex. — Græca habent, mensibus quatuor.
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5. ET IN SUPERIORIBUS DOMUS SUÆ (puta in tabulato, sive solario) FECIT SIBI SECRETUM CUBICULUM, IN QUO CUM PUELLIS (ancillis) SUIS CLAUSA MORABATUR, — tum ut fugeret viros et turbas visitantum, itaque et castitati et famæ suæ consuleret; tum ut tota vacaret orationi et Deo. Hæc ergo prima est Judithæ viduæ dos, scilicet amor silentii et solitudinis. Hinc S. Hieronymus, epist. ad Furiam viduam, hoc ei dat monitum: « Juvenum fuge consortia, noli in publicum procedere, et spadonum exercitu præeunte, viduarum libertate circumferri: sanctarum virginum et viduarum societatem appete. Et si sermocinandi cum viris incubuerit necessitas, arbitros ne devites, tantaque confabulandi fiducia sit, ut intrante alio, nec paveas, nec erubescas. Speculum mentis est facies: et taciti oculi cordis fatentur arcana. » Et inferius: « Redime virgines quas in cubiculum Regis inducas; suscipe viduas quas inter virginum lilia, et martyrum rosas, quasi quasdam violas, misceas: pro corona spinea, in qua Christus mundi delicta portavit, talia serta compone. »
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6. ET HABENS SUPER LUMBOS SUOS CILICIUM. — Carnem assidue suis setis quasi aciculis stimulans et pungens, eoque dolore voluptatis turpis concupiscentiam sanguine juvenili ebullientes stimulos comprimens et exstinguens. Hos enim magis domat cilicium utpote assiduum et continuum quasi transeuntes flagellorum dolores et verbera. Itaque juvenes, præsertim feminæ viduæ obarment se cilicio tanquam præsidio validissimo ad carnem domandam, et castitatem servandam. Vide nostrum Gretserum, lib. De disciplinis; nam, ut ait S. Hieronymus, epist. 2 ad Ageruchiam viduam: « Et certe multo laboriosius est non frui eo quod habeas, quam desiderare quod amiseris. Unde et virginitas in eo facilior est, quod carnis incentiva non novit; et viduitas in eo sollicitior est, quod præteritas animo recolit voluptates. » Et anterius exempla castitatis gentilium matronarum, quæ castitatem vitæ prætulerunt, proponens: « Stringam, inquit, breviter reginam Carthaginis, quæ magis ardere voluit, quam Hiarbæ regi nubere; et Hasdrubalis uxorem, quæ apprehensis utraque manu liberis in subjectum se præcipitavit incendium, ne pudicitiæ damna sentiret; et Lucretiam quæ, amissa gloria castitatis, noluit pollutæ conscientiæ supervivere. » JEJUNABAT OMNIBUS DIEBUS VITÆ SUÆ, PRÆTER SABBATA. — Porro jejunabant Judæi a mane ad vesperam, nec ante conspectum Hesperi et stellarum cibum sumebant, uti etiamnum jejunant Turcæ. Tertia fuit hæc dos Judithæ, perpetuum scilicet jejunium, quod incendio luxuriæ fomenta deliciarum, imo ciborum necessariorum subtrahebat. Nota illud: Subtrahe ligna foco, si vis restinguere flammam. Audi S. Hieronymum, epist. 9 ad Salvianum de viduitate servanda: « Tu vero, quæ in tumulo mariti sepelisti omnes pariter voluptates, quæ litam purpurisso et cerussa faciem super feretrum ejus lacrymis diluisti, quæ pullam tunicam, nigrosque calceolos, candidæ vestis et aurati socci depositione, sumpsisti; nihil habes necesse aliud, nisi perseverare in jejunio. Pallor et sordes gemmæ tuæ sint; plumarum mollities juvenilia membra non foveat; balnearum calor novum adolescentulæ sanguinem non incendat. Audi quid ex persona viduæ continentis ethnicus Poeta decantet: Ille meos, primus qui me sibi junxit, amores Abstulit; ille habeat secum, servetque sepulcro. Si tanti vilissimum vitrum, quanti pretiosissimum margaritum? Si sic communi lege naturæ damnat omnes gentilis vidua voluptates; quid exspectandum est a vidua Christiana, quæ pudicitiam suam non solum ei debet, qui defunctus est, sed et ei cum quo regnatura est? » Et inferius: « Multo melius est stomachum te dolere, quam mentem; imperare corpori, quam servire; gressu vacillare, quam pudicitia. » Idem, epist. 10 ad viduam Furiam: « Ardentes, inquit, diaboli sagittæ jejuniorum et vigiliarum rigore retorquendæ sunt; cæterum vidua quæ in deliciis est, vivens mortua est, » I Tim. V. Et inferius: « Apostolus macerat corpus suum, et animæ subjicit imperio; ne quod alii præcipit, ipse non servet: et adolescentula fervente cibis corpore, de castitate secura est? Neque vero hæc dicens, condemno cibos quos Deus creavit ad utendum cum gratiarum actione; sed juvenibus et puellis incentiva aufero voluptatum. Non Æthnæi ignes, non Vulcanea tellus, non Vesuvius et Olympus tantis ardoribus æstuant, ut juveniles medullæ vino plenæ, et dapibus inflammatæ. » Deinde eam exhortans ut vino carneque abstineat, addit: « Nihilque ita scias conducere Christianis adolescentibus, ut esum olerum. » Unde et in alio loco: « Qui infirmus est, ait, olera non manducet, ardorque corporum frigidioribus epulis temperandus est. » Et mox: « Quidquid facit seminarium voluptatum, venenum puta. Parcus cibus, et venter semper esuriens triduanis jejuniis præfertur. Et multo melius est, quotidie parum, quam raro satis sumere. Pluvia illa optima est, quæ sensim descendit in terram. Subitus et nimius imber in præceps arva subvertit. Quando comedis, cogita quod statim tibi orandum, illico et legendum sit. » Et post nonnulla: « O si videres sororem tuam! jejunia pro ludo habet, orationem pro deliciis. »
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7. CUI VIR SUUS RELIQUERAT DIVITIAS MULTAS, — quas ipsa non ad suum, sed ad egentium usum erogabat. Præclare S. Bernardus, serm. in festo omnium Sanctorum: « Quid, inquit, admirabilius, aut quod martyrium gravius, quam inter epulas esurire, inter vestes multas, et pretiosas algere, paupertate premi inter divitias quas offert mundus, quas ostentat malignus, quas desiderat noster ipse appetitus? An non merito coronabitur qui sic certaverit, mundum abjiciens promittentem, irridens inimicum tentantem, et (quod gloriosius est) de semetipso triumphans, et crucifigens concupiscentiam prurientem? »
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8. ET ERAT HÆC IN OMNIBUS FAMOSISSIMA (hoc est, famæ probatissimæ, sive fama probitatis et sanctitatis celeberrima), QUONIAM TIMEBAT DOMINUM VALDE. — Timor hic erat non servilis, sed filialis, quo Judith Deum quasi Dominum, imo patrem suum summe colebat et reverebatur; ideoque in omnibus illi placere satagebat, cavebatque ne qua in re, licet minima, eum offenderet. Atque hac sanctitate præparavit se ad tantum facinus, ut digna esset quæ eligeretur a Deo ad castra hostium evertenda, et ad liberandum populum. Allegorice Judith fuit typus B. Virginis, de qua S. Bonaventura in Speculo, cap. VIII: « Dominus, inquit, nominatissimus et famosissimus famosissime est tecum; ideo et tu es famosissima et nominatissima, etc.: Maria ergo signata est per illam famosissimi nominis Judith, de qua scriptum est, quod nec erat qui de ea loqueretur verbum malum. »
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11. ET QUI ESTIS VOS, QUI TENTATIS DOMINUM? — « Tentatis, » id est exacerbatis, irritatis, et ad iram provocatis, dum ei leges præscribitis, ut nisi intra quinque dies vobis succurrat, urbem hostibus tradere velitis, cum potius eum supplici prece invocare debeatis, ut vestri miserecatur, et diem modumque liberationis vestræ ipse vobis præscribat.
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15. NON ENIM QUASI HOMO, SIC DEUS COMMINABITUR, q. d. Non timeamus minas Holofernis, sed Dei; illius enim minæ superbæ sunt, inanes et vanæ, sicut sunt cæterorum hominum; sed Dei certæ sunt, fixæ et efficaces. Deus enim iratus certo et inevitabiliter irrogat quod comminatur.
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16. ET IDEO HUMILIEMUS ILLI ANIMAS NOSTRAS. — Per humilem pænitentiam, jejunium, orationem et obsecrationem, ut nobis peccata condonet, et ab Holoferne liberet.
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21. AD ELOQUIUM VESTRUM (id est, eloquio vestro) CORDA EORUM ERIGITE, — ad magnanimitatem et firmam in Deum liberatorem confidentiam.
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22. ABRAHAM TENTATUS EST, ET PER MULTAS TRIBULATIONES PROBATUS DEI AMICUS EFFECTUS EST, — præsertim cum a Deo jussus immolare unigenitum suum Isaac, eum immolare voluit, Gen. XXII. Vide ibi dicta.
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23. OMNES QUI PLACUERUNT DEO, PER MULTAS TRIBULATIONES TRANSIERUNT FIDELES. — Fideliter scilicet adhærentes Deo, et ab eo liberationem e tribulatione poscentes, et exspectantes. Vide dicta Jacobi I, 1 et seq. et Eccli II, 1 et seq.
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26. Et nos ergo non ulciscamur nos, — id est, non ulciscentium more indignemur et obmurmuremus Deo, quasi volentes nos de eo ulcisci ob clades et timores quos nobis immittit.
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30. ET DIXIT ILLIS JUDITH: SICUT QUOD POTUI LOQUI, DEI (hoc est a Deo mihi suggestum et inspiratum) ESSE COGNOSCITIS: 31. ITA QUOD FACERE DISPOSUI (nimirum astu occidere Holofernem), PROBATE SI EX DEO EST: — To « si » non est dubitantis, sed affirmantis; idemque est ac « quod » q. d. Sicut probastis meos sermones quasi ex Deo profectos, sic etiam probate propositum meum, quod ex Deo, sive Deo impellente, agere decrevi, ut scilicet vadam ad Holofernem, cumque occidam. Dicit tamen « si, » quasi dubitans, modestiæ causa, quia res hæc necdum erat facta, sed facienda; esto ipsa de eventu felici ex Dei instinctu foret certa, q. d. « Probate, » id est, videte et attendite id quod actura sum, et ex eventu probate et judicate, « si ex Deo est; » q. d. Utique cum rem feliciter confectam videbitis, probabitis illud, et ex Deo auctore susceptum judicabitis. Loquitur in genere, sed particulatim non explicat quid animo destinarit: sciebat enim, si id faceret, rem non mansuram secretam, sed ad Holofernem perferendam. Sciebat pariter multos hoc ejus propositum ut temerarium damnaturos. Unde Græca habent: Faciam negotium quod perveniet in generationes generationum filiis generis nostri.
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32. STABITIS VOS AD PORTAM NOCTE ISTA, ET EGO EXEAM CUM ABRA MEA, — q. d. Aperite mihi noctu portas metu hostium occlusas, ac sinite me cum mea ancilla egredi. Petit enim sibi noctu aperiri portam. CUM ABRA MEA. — Multi putant τὸ « abra » esse nomen proprium ancillæ Judith; sed errant, nam est commune significans ancillam. Unde cap. X, 2 et seqq. ubi Noster vertit « ancilla, » in Græco est abra; ergo dicitur quasi חברה chabra, id est socia, vel potius quasi עברה abra, id est transiens, pedissequa: עבר habar enim significat transivit. Ita Pagninus. Porro non fuit hæc vulgaris ancilla Judith, sed quæ omnibus ejus facultatibus esset proposita, ut habet Græcus. Hinc Græci ancillas honoratas (quas Itali vocant Cameriere) abra appellant, ut patet ex Menandro in pseudo-Hercule. Sic Genes. cap. XXIV, vers. 61, ancillæ Rebeccæ vocantur abra, æque ac ancilla filiæ Pharaonis, Exodi cap. II, vers. 5. Addunt nonnulli abram proprie dici ancillam, quæ commensalis est et amanuensis, præestque cellæ penariæ; hanc enim Spartanis significat vox.
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33. VOS AUTEM NOLO UT SCRUTEMINI ACTUM MEUM. — utpote a Deo probatum et decretum. Prudenter celat suum secretum; tota enim energia hujus actionis consistebat in secreto. ET USQUE DUM RENUNTIEM VOBIS, NIHIL ALIUD FIAT NISI ORATIO PRO ME AD DOMINUM. — Hic disce in publica gravique causa publicas et continuas poscere preces, ut Deus rem dirigat et secundet. Arma ergo Judith, quibus truncavit Holofernem, fuerunt publicæ litaniæ et preces totius populi. Nota hunc locum pro litaniis. Audi S. Augustinum serm. 228. De Temp. qui est de Judith: « Judith sanctissima, cujus precibus patuit cœlum, orationis arte arma victricia fabricavit, quibus adversa confligeret, et pavescentes viros femina vindicaret. Squalebat civitas obsidione barbaræ feritatis. Ita enim universæ languebant, ut in manibus hostium jam tradi commodius judicarent, quam perniciosæ fami populatione vexari. Ecce Judith post precem et saccum, post cinerem, post cultus puellares redit, spes omnium populorum procedit, sollicitos populos redditura securos, sua sapientia consolatur, quæ promittens victoriam, quam omnis natio miraretur, portam sibi paululum remotis obicibus postulat aperiri. Prodiit secura unius puellæ comitata contenta, et hostium securis gressibus properavit in castra. Intra muros sollicita fuit, secura fit, dum ad timenda pervenit. » Et sub finem: « Orationis favore castitas proprium pudorem servavit intactum et quietum, decepitque alienum, etc. Ubi enim assiduis pulsatur orationibus cœlum, potentia semper calcatur armorum. Quæ gloriosæ feminæ castitatem servavit oratio, et hostem servare non potuit multitudo. Lugentem civitatem una femina valuit vindicare, et tantus exercitus regem non potuit custodire. » Et serm. 229: « Judith bellator animus alienum pectus obsedit. Illa, abjecta formidine feminarum, victoriam in periculis quærens, nec mortem in periculis timuit, nec ambiguitatem formidavit. »
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.