Lugo, Juan de - Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. VII, p. 992

Machine translation of the 1948–1954 Italian original. The original text is authoritative.

LUGO, JUAN de. – Jesuit cardinal and theologian, born in Madrid on 25 November 1583, died in Rome on 20 August 1660. His family was noble and ordinarily resided in Seville, where it returned in 1588.

A pupil of the Jesuits, he entered the Society at Villagarcia (1603). After completing his studies at Pamplona and Salamanca, he taught philosophy at Menforte in Lemos (1612–13), at Medina del Campo (1613–14), and at León (1614–16), then theology at Salamanca (1617) and at Valladolid (1617–21). Summoned to Rome by the superior general Muzio Vitelleschi, he held the chair of dogmatic theology at the Collegio Romano from 1621 to 1643, in which year he was created cardinal by Urban VIII.

As early as 1633 L. had begun publishing his works; the first work to be printed was the Disputaciones scholasticae de Incarnatione dominica (Lyons 1633), followed by those

(from the Gotha Almanac, May 1866)
LUIGI II, KING OF BAVARIA — Portrait.

De Sacramentis in genere, de venerabili Eucharistiae Sacramento et de sacrosancto Missae sacrificio (likewise 1636), De virtute et Sacramento Poenitentiae, de suffragiis et indulgentiis (likewise 1638), in which he revealed his strength as a speculative theologian, whereas in De iustitia et iure (likewise 1642) he established himself as a moral theologian. Even today this work is regarded as a model of its kind, and s. Alfonso (Theol. mor., III, 552), judging Lugo on its basis, considered him the foremost moral theologian after s. Tommaso. Also worth mentioning are De virtute fidei divinae (Lyon 1646) and Responsorum moralium libri VI (likewise 1651). Several of his writings appeared posthumously, including De Deo, de angelis, de actibus humanis, de divina Gratia (Cologne 1716), until all his writings were collected in Opera omnia (7 vols., Venice 1718; subsequently in 8 vols., Paris 1868–69). Many, however, remained in manuscript.

Lugo’s works, in their imposing totality, offer new and ingenious solutions, many of which have entered the common heritage, while some (e.g., those concerning the essence of the sacrifice of the Mass and the formal motive of faith) remained peculiar to him.

(phot. Centrerus — Madrid)
LUGO, DIOCESE OF — Monastery of Samos.

As a cardinal he worked in many Congregations and was esteemed by Popes Urban VIII, Innocent X, and Alexander VII. The condemnation of the propositions of Giansenio drawn from the Augustinus was carried out with the censures he had proposed (the constitutions Cum occasione of 31 May 1653 and Ad sacram beati Petri sedem of 16 October 1656). L. rendered valuable service to the Collegio Romano, in which he established scholarships for poor students, and which, together with the Casa professa del Gesù, he made heir to his possessions. He was also responsible for introducing cinchona into Europe (pulvis iesuiticus). At his own request, Lugo’s remains lie in the church of the Gesù in Rome, at the feet of s. Ignazio.

BIBL.: Sommervogel, V, cols. 176–80; IX, cols. 619–20; A. Giaconius, Vitae et gesta Pont. Rom. et S. E. cardinalium, IV, Rome 1601, cols. 634–36; A. Andrade, Varones illustres... de la C. de J., V, Madrid 1666, pp. 637–77; J. Kompel, Kardinal de L. als Mäzen der Chinarinde, I, Aus dem Lebens des Kardinals, Feldkirch 1931; F. Alcañiz, De autographo tractatus inediti card. J. de L. « De Anima », Madrid 1936; L. Gomez Hellin, Praedestinatio apud I. de L. Doctrinae de electione ad gloriam in theologis S. I. saec. XVI-XVII historica evolutio, Rome 1938.

Arnaldo M. Lanz