JUAN DE LUGO. - Cardinal and Jesuit theologian, b. in Madrid on 25 Nov. 1583, d. in Rome on 20 Aug. 1660. His family was noble and usually resided in Seville, where they returned in 1588.
A pupil of the Jesuits, he entered the Society at Villagarcía (1603). After completing his studies in Pamplona and Salamanca, he taught philosophy at Monforte in Lemos (1612-13), at Medina del Campo (1613-14), and at León (1614-16), then theology at Salamanca (1617) and Valladolid (1617-21). Called to Rome by the General Muzio Vitelleschi, he held the chair of dogmatic theology at the Roman College from 1621 to 1643, the year in which he was created cardinal by Urban VIII.
Already in 1633 L. had begun his publications; the first printed work was the *Disputationes scholasticae de Incarnatione dominica* (Lyons 1633), followed by others.
The diocese has two rites: the Roman, for the territory formerly subject to the bishop of Como, and the Ambrosian, for the parishes formerly under the jurisdiction of the archbishop of Milan.
As cardinal he worked in many Congregations, esteemed by Popes Urban VIII, Innocent X, and Alexander VII. The condemnation of the propositions of Jansenius drawn from the *Augustinus* was made with the censures he proposed (const. *Cum occasione* of 31 May 1653 and *Ad sacram beati Petri sedem* of 16 Oct. 1636). L. was a benefactor of the Roman College, for which he established scholarships for poor students, and which, together with the professed house of the Gesù, he made his heir. He is also credited with introducing quinine (pulvis iessitius) into Europe. By his own wish, his remains lie in the church of the Gesù in Rome, at the feet of St. Ignatius.
Arnaldo M. Lanz