Expositions on the Book of Psalms 47
47.1 Psalm XLVII PL 36, 532
1. The title of the Psalm goeth thus. “To the end: for the sons of Korah: a Psalm of David himself.” These sons of Korah have the title also of some other Psalms, and indicate a sweet mystery, insinuate a great Sacrament: wherein let us willingly understand ourselves, and let us acknowledge in the title us who hear, and read, and as in a glass set before us behold who we are. The sons of Korah, who are they?…Haply the sons of the Bridegroom. For the Bridegroom was crucified in the place of Calvary. Recollect the Gospel, where they crucified the Lord, and ye will find Him crucified in the place of Calvary. Furthermore, they who deride His Cross, by devils, as by beasts, are devoured. For this also a certain Scripture signified. When God’s Prophet Elisha was going up, children called after him mocking, “Go up thou bald head, Go up thou bald head:” but he, not so much in cruelty as in mystery, made those children to be devoured by bears out of the wood. If those children had not been devoured, would they have lived even till now? Or could they not, being born mortal, have been taken off by a fever? But so in them had no mystery been shown, whereby posterity might be put in fear. Let none then mock the Cross of Christ. The Jews were possessed by devils, and devoured; for in the place of Calvary, crucifying Christ, and lifting on the Cross, they said as it were with childish sense, not understanding what they said, “Go up, thou bald head.” For what is, “Go up”? “Crucify Him, Crucify Him.” For childhood is set before us to imitate humility, and childhood is set before us to beware of foolishness. To imitate humility, childhood was set before us by the Lord, when He called children to Him, and because they were kept from Him, He said, “Suffer them to come unto Me, for of such is the Kingdom of Heaven.” The example of childhood is set before us to beware of foolishness by the Apostle, “Brethren, be not children in understanding:” and again he proposeth it to imitate, “Howbeit in malice be ye children, that in understanding ye may be men.” “For the sons of Korah” the Psalm is sung; for Christians then is it sung. Let us hear it as sons of the Bridegroom, whom senseless children crucified in the place of Calvary. For they earned to be devoured by beasts; we to be crowned by Angels. For we acknowledge the humility of our Lord, and of it are not ashamed. We are not ashamed of Him called in mystery “the bald” (Calvus), from the place of Calvary. For on the very Cross whereon He was insulted, He permitted not our forehead to be bald; for with His own Cross He marked it. Finally, that ye may know that these things are said to us, see what is said.
[vers. 1.] Titulus Psalmi est, Laus Cantici filiis Core, secunda sabbati. De hoc quod Dominus donare dignatur, excipite tanquam filii firmamenti. Secunda enim sabbati, id est, post diem primum, quem dominicum dicimus, quae etiam secunda feria dicitur, lactum est firmamentum coeli, imo firmamentum coelum. Coelum enim vocavit Deus firmamentum . Primo autem die lucem fecerat, et a tenebris diviserat; et vocaverat lucem, diem, et tenebras, noctem. Sicut autem indicat psalmi hujus contextio, aliquid etiam praelocutus est Deus in illo opere suo, quod compleretur in nobis: et secundum hujus creaturae conditionem saecula cucurrerunt. Non frustra enim Dominus ait de Moyse, De me enim ille scripsit : nisi quia omnia quae scripta sunt, etiam cum Deus conderet creaturam, possunt interpretari ad significationem futurorum; ut intelligas Deum fecisse lucem, cum Christus a mortuis resurrexit. Tunc enim revera illa lux divisa est a tenebris, quando immortalitas a mortalitate discreta est. Quid ergo sequitur, nisi ut capiti etiam corpus fieret, quod est Ecclesia? Denique est etiam psalmus de prima sabbati, in quo apertissime resurrectio Domini declaratur: ibi enim dicitur, Tollite portas principes vestri, et elevamini portae aeternales, et introibit Rex gloriae . Quid evidentius quam Christum esse Regem gloriae? de quo dictum est: Si cognovissent, nunquam Dominum gloriae crucifixissent . Secundam ergo sabbati non debemus intelligere nisi Ecclesiam Christi: sed Ecclesiam Christi in sanctis, Ecclesiam Christi in his qui scripti sunt in coelo, Ecclesiam Christi in his qui mundi hujus tentationibus non cedunt. Ipsi enim digni sunt nomine firmamenti. Ergo Ecclesia Christi in his qui firmi sunt, de quibus dicit Apostolus, Debemus autem nos firmi infirmitates infirmorum sustinere , appellata est firmamentum. De hoc cantatur in Psalmo: audiamus, agnoscamus, sociemur, gloriemur, regnemus. Namque eam etiam firmamentum apostolicis Litteris appellatam audi, et agnosce: Quae est, inquit, Ecclesia Dei vivi, columna et firmamentum veritatis . De hoc firmamento cantatur filiis Core, quos nostis esse filios sponsi crucifixi in Calvariae loco. Core namque Calvitium interpretatur. Sequitur in hoc psalmo, qui inscribitur, secunda sabbati.
47.2 PL 36, 533
2. “O clap your hands, all ye nations” (ver. 1). Were the people of the Jews all the nations? No, but blindness in part is happened to Israel, that senseless children might cry, “Calve,” “Calve;” and so the Lord might be crucified in the place of Calvary, that by His Blood shed He might redeem the Gentiles, and that might be fulfilled which saith the Apostle, “Blindness in part is happened unto Israel, until the fulness of the Gentiles be come in.” Let them insult, then, the vain, and foolish, and senseless, and say, “Calve,” “Calve;” but ye redeemed by His Blood which was shed in the place of Calvary, say, “O clap your hands, all ye nations;” because to you hath come down the Grace of God. “O clap your hands.” What is “O clap”? Rejoice. But wherefore with the hands? Because with good works. Do not rejoice with the mouth while idle with the hands. If ye rejoice, “clap your hands.” The hands of the nations let Him see, who joys hath deigned to give them. What is, the hands of the nations? The acts of them doing good works. “O clap your hands, all ye nations: shout unto God with the voice of triumph.” Both with voice and with hands. If with the voice only it is not well, because the hands are slow; if only with the hands it is not well, because the tongue is mute. Agree together must the hands and tongue. Let this confess, these work. “Shout unto God with the voice of triumph.”
[vers. 2.] Magnus, Dominus, et laudabilis valde. Ecce magnus Dominus, et laudabilis valde: sed numquid infideles laudant Dominum? Numquid etiam qui credunt et male vivunt laudant Dominum, per quos fit ut nomen Dei blasphemetur in Gentibus? numquid laudant Dominum ? An vero si etiam laudent, acceptatur laus eorum, eum scriptum sit: Non est speciosa laus in ore peccatoris ? Dixisti ergo, Magnus Dominus, et laudabilis valde: sed hic ubi. In civitate Dei nostri, in monte sancto ejus. De hoc alibi dicitur: Quis ascendet in montem Domini? Innocens manibus et mundo corde . In his magnus Dominus, et laudabilis valde: hoc est, in civitate Dei nostri, in monte sancto ejus. Haec est civitas in monte posita, quae abscondi non potest: haec est lucerna quae sub modio non occultatur, omnibus nota, omnibus diffamata . Non autem universi cives ejus sunt, sed illi in quibus magnus Dominus, et laudabilis valde. Quae est ergo ista civitas, videamus, ne forte quia dictum est, In civitate Dei nostri, in monte sancto ejus, debeamus quaerere istum montem, ubi etiam exaudiri possimus. Non enim frustra dicitur in alio psalmo: Voce mea ad Dominum clamavi, et exaudivit me de monte sancto suo . Adjuvit ergo te mons iste ut exaudireris. Nam si in eum non ascenderes, infra jacens clamare posses, sed exaudiri non posses. Quis est ergo iste mons, fratres? Magna cura inquirendus, magna sollicitudine investigandus; labore etiam occupandus et ascendendus. Sed si in aliqua parte terrarum est, quid faciemus? Peregrinabimur de terra nostra, ut ad illum montem pervenire possimus? Imo tunc peregrinamur, si in illo non sumus. Ipsa est enim civitas nostra, si membra regis sumus, qui caput est civitatis ipsius. Ubi est ergo iste mons? Si regionem aliquam tenuit, laborandum est, ut dixi, ut ad eum perveniatur. Sed quid satagis? Utinam non sis piger ascendere in montem, quomodo mons non fuit tardus venire ad dormientem. Fuit enim quidam lapis angularis contemptibilis, in quem Judaei offenderunt , praecisus de quodam monte sine manibus, hoc est de regno Judaeorum veniens sine manibus, quia humanum opus non accessit ad Mariam, de qua natus Christus . Sed si lapis iste ubi in eum offenderunt Judaei, ibi remaneret, tu quo ascenderes non haberes. Quid autem factum est? Quid dicit prophetia Danielis? Quid, nisi quia crevit lapis iste, et factus est mons magnus? Quam magnus? Ita ut impleret universam faciem terrae . Ergo crescendo mons iste et implendo universam faciem terrae, venit ad nos. Quid ergo montem quasi absentem quaerimus, et non in praesentem jam ascendimus, ut sit in nobis magnus Dominus, et laudabilis valde?
47.3 PL 36, 534
3. “For the Lord Most High is terrible” (ver. 2). The Most High in descending made like one ludicrous, by ascending into Heaven is made terrible. “A great King over all the earth.” Not only over the Jews; for over them also He is King. For of them also the Apostles believed and of them many thousands of men sold their goods, and laid the price at the Apostles’ feet, and in them was fulfilled what in the title of the Cross was written, “The King of the Jews.” For He is King also of the Jews. But “of the Jews” is little. “O clap your hands, all ye nations: for God is the King of all the earth.” For it sufficeth not Him to have under Him one nation: therefore such great price gave He out of His side, as to buy the whole world.
[vers. 3.] Denique ne istum montem non agnosceres et in hoc psalmo, et in aliqua parte terrarum quaerendum existimares, vide quid sequitur: cum dixisset, In civitate Dei nostri, in monte sancto ejus, quid addidit? Dilatans exsultationes universae terrae, montes Sion. Sion unus mons est: quid ergo montes? An quia ad Sion pertinuerunt etiam qui de diverso venerunt, ut sibi occurrerent in lapidem angularem, et fierent illi duo parietes tanquam duo montes, unus ex circumcisione, alter ex praeputio; unus ex Judaeis, alter ex Gentibus: non jam adversi; etsi diversi, quia ex diverso, jam in angulo nec diversi? Ipse est enim, inquit, pax nostra, qui fecit utraque unum . Ipse ille angularis lapis, quem reprobaverunt aedificantes, factus est in caput anguli . Duos junxit in se mons montes. Una domus, et duae domus: duae propter ex diverso venientes, una propter lapidem angularem, in quo sibi ambae copulantur. Audi et hoc, Montes Sion; latera aquilonis civitas regis magni. Intenderas enim tu Sion tanquam unum locum, ubi condita est Jerusalem, et in ea tibi non occurrebat, nisi populus ex circumcisione; qui quidem ex reliquiis a Christo collectus est, ex magna autem parte tanquam palea ventilatus. Etenim scriptum est, Reliquiae salvae fient . Sed attende et Gentes, vide et oleastrum inseri in pinguedinem olivae . Ecce Gentes, Latera aquilonis: adjuncta sunt latera aquilonis civitati regis magni. Contrarius solet esse aquilo Sion: Sion quippe in meridie, aquilo contra meridiem. Quis est iste aquilo, nisi qui dixit, Ponam sedem meam ad aquilonem, et ero similis Altissimo ? Tenuerat regnum diabolus impiorum, et possederat Gentes servientes simulacris, adorantes daemonia: et totum quidquid generis humani erat ubique per mundum, inhaerendo illi aquilo factum erat. Sed quoniam ille qui alligat fortem, aufert ejus vasa, et facit vasa sua , liberati homines ab infidelitate et superstitione daemoniorum, credentes in Christum colliniati sunt illi civitati, occurrerunt in angulo illi parieti de circumcisione venienti, et facta est civitas regis magni quae fuerant latera aquilonis. Ideo et in alia Scriptura dicitur: Ab aquilone nubes coloris aurei; in his est magna gloria et honor Omnipotentis (Job, XXXVII, 22). Magna enim gloria medici est, quando ex desperatione convalescit aegrotus. Ab aquilone nubes, et non nigrae nubes, non caliginosae, non tetrae, sed coloris aurei. Unde nisi gratia illuminante per Christum? Ecce, Latera aquilonis, civitas regis magni. Latera utique, quia inhaeserant diabolo. Quicumque enim alicui cohaerent, latera ipsius dicuntur. Nam et de aliquibus hominibus solemus ita loqui, Bonus homo est, sed mala latera habet: id est, ipse quidem probitate praestat, sed maligni sunt qui ei conjuncti sunt. Latera ergo aquilonis qui diabolo cohaerebant: unde venit et iste filius, de quo modo audiebamus, quia mortuus erat, et revixit; perierat, et inventus est. Proficiscendo enim in regionem longinquam, etiam ad aquilonem pervenerat, et ibi, sicut audistis, uni ex principibus regionis illius adhaeserat. Factus est ergo latus aquilonis, adhaerendo principi illius regionis: sed quia civitas regis magni et ex latere aquilonis colligitur, reversus ad se, dixit, Surgam, et ibo ad patrem meum. Et occurrit ei pater, qui dicit de illo, Mortuus erat, et revixit; perierat, et inventus est. Vitulus ille saginatus, lapis angularis fuit. Denique et major filius qui epulari nolebat , exhortatus a patre ingressus est: et duo jam parietes, tanquam illi duo filii ad vitulum pervenientes, civitatem regis magni fecerunt.
47.4 PL 36, 535
4. “He hath subdued the people under us, and the nations under our feet” (ver. 3). Which subdued, and to whom? Who are they that speak? Haply Jews? Surely, if Apostles; surely, if Saints. For under these God hath subdued the people and the nations, that to-day are they honoured among the nations, who by their own citizens earned to be slain: as their Lord was slain by His citizens, and is honoured among the nations; was crucified by His own, is adored by aliens, but those by a price made His own. For therefore bought He us, that aliens from Him we might not be. Thinkest thou then these are the words of Apostles, “He hath subdued the people under us, and the nations under our feet”? I know not. Strange that Apostles should speak so proudly, as to rejoice that the nations were put under their feet, that is, Christians under the feet of Apostles. For they rejoice that we are with them under the feet of Him who died for us. For under Paul’s feet ran they, who would be of Paul, to whom He said, “Was Paul crucified for you?” What then here, what are we to understand? “He hath subdued the people under us, and the nations under our feet.” All pertaining to Christ’s inheritance are among “all the nations,” and all not pertaining to Christ’s inheritance are among “all the nations:” and ye see so exalted in Christ’s Name is Christ’s Church, that all not yet believing in Christ lie under the feet of Christians. For what numbers now run to the Church; not yet being Christians, they ask aid of the Church; to be succoured by us temporally they are willing, though eternally to reign with us as yet they are unwilling. When all seek aid of the Church, even they who are not yet in the Church, hath He not “subdued the people under us, and the nations under our feet”?
[vers. 4.] Sequatur ergo iste psalmus, et dicat: Deus in domibus ejus cognoscetur. Jam in domibus propter montes, propter duos parietes, propter duos filios. Deus in domibus ejus cognoscetur. Sed gratiam commendat, ideo addidit, Cum suscipiet eam. Nam quid esset ipsa civitas, nisi ille suscepisset eam? Nonne statim caderet, nisi tale fundamentum haberet? Fundamentum enim aliud nemo potest ponere, praeter id quod positum est, quod est Christus Jesus . Nemo ergo de suis meritis glorietur; sed qui gloriatur, in Domino glorietur . Quia tunc est illa magna civitas, tunc in ea cognoscitur Dominus, cum suscipiet eam: quomodo suscipit medicus aegrotum curandum, non sicut est amandum. Etenim febrem odit medicus. Non amat medicus aegrotum, et amat medicus aegrotum: si aegrotum amaret, semper aegrotum optaret; rursus si aegrotum non amaret, ad aegrotum non veniret: sed amat aegrotum, ut faciat sanum. Suscepit ergo hanc civitatem Dominus, et agnitus est in ea, id est, gratia ipsius cognita est in illa civitate; quia quidquid habet illa civitas quae gloriatur in Domino, non habet de se. Propter hoc enim dicitur: Quid enim habes quod non accepisti? Si autem accepisti, quid gloriaris quasi non acceperis ? Deus in domibus ejus cognoscetur, cum suscipiet eam.
47.5 PL 36, 535
5. “He hath chosen an inheritance for us, the excellency of Jacob, whom He loved” (ver. 4). A certain beauty of Jacob He hath chosen for our inheritance. Esau and Jacob were two brothers; in their mother’s womb both struggled, and by this struggle their mother’s bowels were shaken; and while they two were yet therein, the younger was elected and preferred to the elder, and it was said, “Two peoples are in thy womb, and the elder shall serve the younger.” Among all nations is the elder, among all nations the younger; but the younger is in good Christians, elect, godly, faithful; the elder in the proud, unworthy, sinful, stubborn, defending rather than confessing their sins: as was also the very people of the Jews, “being ignorant of God’s righteousness, and going about to establish their own righteousness.” But for that it is said, “The elder shall serve the younger;” it is manifest that under the godly are subdued the ungodly, under the humble are subdued the proud. Esau was born first, and Jacob was born last; but he who was last born, was preferred to the first-born, who through gluttony lost his birthright. So thou hast it written, He longed for the pottage, and his brother said to him, If thou wilt that I give it thee, give me thy birthright. He loved more that which carnally he desired, than that which spiritually by being born first he had earned: and he laid aside his birthright, that he might eat lentils. But lentils we find to be the food of the Egyptians, for there it abounds in Egypt. Whence is so magnified the lentil of Alexandria, that it comes even to our country, as if here grew no lentil. Therefore by desiring Egyptian food he lost his birthright. So also the people of the Jews, of whom it is said, “in their hearts they turned back again into Egypt.” They desired in a manner the lentil, and lost their birthright.
[vers. 5-7.] Quoniam ecce reges terrae collecti sunt. Jam ecce illa latera aquilonis videte quomodo veniant, videte quomodo dicant, Venite, ascendamus in montem Domini: annuntiavit enim nobis viam suam, ut ingrediamur in eam . Ecce reges terrae collecti sunt, et convenerunt in unum. In quem unum, nisi in lapidem illum angularem ? Ipsi videntes ita admirati sunt. Post admirationem miraculorum et gloriae Christi, quid secutum est? Conturbati sunt, commoti sunt, tremor apprehendit eos. Unde tremor apprehendit eos, nisi de conscientia delictorum? Currant ergo reges post regem, agnoscant reges regem. Inde alibi, Ego autem, inquit, constitutus sum rex ab eo super Sion montem sanctum ejus, praedicans praeceptum Domini: Dominus dixit ad me, Filius meus es tu, ego hodie genui te. Postula a me, et dabo tibi gentes haereditatem tuam, et possessionem tuam terminos terrae; reges eos in virga ferrea, et tanquam vas figuli conteres eos . Auditus est ergo rex constitutus in Sion, tradita est illi possessio usque ad terminos orbis terrae. Metuere debent reges, ne regnum perdant, ne illis auferatur regnum, sicut miser timuit Herodes, et pro parvulo occidit parvulos ? Timens autem regnum amittere, non meruit regem agnoscere. Utinam et ipse regem cum Magis adoraret! non male regnum quaerendo, innocentes perderet, et nocens periret. Nam quod ad illum attinebat, perdidit innocentes: quantum autem ad Christum, etiam parvus pro se morientes parvulos coronavit. Ergo debuerunt timere reges quando dictum est: Ego autem constitutus sum rex ab eo, et haereditatem usque ad fines terrae dabit mihi qui me constituit regem. Sed quid invidetis, reges? Videte, non invidete. Longe enim iste aliter rex qui dixit: Regnum meum non est de hoc mundo . Nolite ergo timere ne vobis auferatur regnum mundi hujus: dabitur vobis regnum, sed coelorum, ubi ille rex est. Ideo quid ibi sequitur? Et nunc reges intelligite. Jam invidere vos parabatis: intelligite; de alio rege dicitur, cujus regnum non est de hoc mundo. Merito ergo collecti sunt reges in unum, conturbati sunt, tremor apprehendit eos. Inde et illis hoc dicitur: Et nunc reges intelligite, erudimini omnes qui judicatis terram. Servite Domino in timore, et exsultate ei cum tremore . Et quid fecerunt? Ibi dolores ut parturientis. Quid sunt dolores ut parturientis, nisi dolores poenitentis? Vide ipsam conceptionem doloris et parturitionis: A timore tuo, inquit Isaias, concepimus, et parturivimus Spiritum salutis . Sic ergo conceperunt reges a timore Christi, ut parturiendo salutem parerent credendo in eum quem timuerunt. Ibi dolores sicut parturientis. Ubi parturientem audis, fetum exspecta. Parturit vetus homo, sed nascitur novus homo. Ibi dolores ut parturientis.
47.6 PL 36, 536
6. “God is gone up with jubilation” (ver. 5). Even He our God, the Lord Christ, is gone up with jubilation; “the Lord with the sound of a trumpet.” “Is gone up:” whither, save where we know? Whither the Jews followed Him not, even with their eyes. For exalted on the Cross they mocked Him, ascending into Heaven they did not see Him. “God hath gone up with jubilation.” What is jubilation, but admiration of joy which cannot be expressed in words? As the disciples in joy admired, seeing Him go into Heaven, whom they had mourned dead; truly for the joy, words sufficed not: remained to jubilate what none could express. There was also the voice of the trumpet, the voice of Angels. For it is said, “Lift up thy voice like a trumpet.” Angels preached the ascension of the Lord: they saw the Disciples, their Lord ascending, tarrying, admiring, confounded, nothing speaking, but in heart jubilant: and now was the sound of the trumpet in the clear voice of the Angels, “Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye gazing up into Heaven? this is Jesus.” As if they knew not that it was the same Jesus. Had they not just before seen Him before them? Had they not heard Him speaking with them? Nay, they not only saw the figure of Him present, but handled also His limbs. Of themselves then knew they not, that it was the same Jesus? But they being by very admiration, from joy of jubilation, as it were transported in mind, the Angels said, “that same is Jesus.” As though they said, If ye believe Him, this is that same Jesus, whom crucified, your feet stumbled, whom dead and buried, ye thought your hope lost. Lo, this is the same Jesus. He hath gone up before you, “He shall so come in like manner as ye have seen Him go into Heaven.” His Body is removed indeed from your eyes, but God is not separated from your hearts: see Him going up, believe on Him absent, hope for Him coming; but yet through His secret Mercy, feel Him present. For He who ascended into Heaven that He might be removed from your eyes, promised unto you, saying, “Lo, I am with you always, even unto the end of the world.” Justly then the Apostle so addressed us, “The Lord is at hand; be careful for nothing.” Christ sitteth above the Heavens; the Heavens are far off, He who there sitteth is near.…
[vers. 8.] In spiritu violento conteres naves Tharsis. Breviter intelligitur, evertes superbiam gentium. Sed unde ex hac historia dicitur eversio superbiae gentium? Propter naves Tharsis. Tharsis civitatem quaesierunt docti, hoc est, quaenam civitas hoc nomine significaretur: et aliquibus visum est Ciliciam dictam esse Tharsis, ex eo quod metropolis ejus Tharsus dicitur. De qua civitate erat etiam Paulus apostolus, natus in Tharso Ciliciae . Aliqui autem eam Carthaginem intellexerunt: fortassis aliquando ita nominatam, aut aliqua locutione ita significatam. Namque apud prophetam Isaiam sic invenitur: Ululate naves Carthaginis . Apud Ezechielem autem a diversis interpretibus, ab aliis Carthago, ab aliis Tharsis interpretata est ; et hac diversitate interpretum potest intelligi hanc appellari Tharsum, quae Carthago dicebatur. Manifestum est autem, quod primordia regni Carthaginis navibus floruerunt, et ita floruerunt, ut inter caeteras gentes excellerent negotiationibus et navigationibus. Nam quando Dido fugiens fratrem delapsa est ad terras Africae, ubi Carthaginem condidit, naves quae paratae erant ad mercationem in ejus regione assumpserat ad fugam, consentientibus sibi regionis ejus principibus: et ipsae naves etiam condita Carthagine ad negotiandum non defecerunt. Atque hinc nimium superba facta est civitas illa, ut digne per ejus naves intelligatur superbia gentium, praesumens in incertis tanquam in flatibus ventorum. Jam non praesumatur de velificatione, et quasi prosperitate saeculi hujus, tanquam maris: fundamentum nostrum in Sion sit; ibi stabiliri debemus, non perflari omni vento doctrinae . Quicumque ergo ex incertis hujus vitae tumuerant, evertantur; et subjiciatur Christo omnis superbia gentium, conterenti in spiritu violento naves Tharsis: non cujuscumque civitatis, sed Tharsis. Quomodo in spiritu violento? Timore fortissimo. Sic enim eum tremuit omnis superbia judicaturum, ut in humilem crederet, ne excelsum expavesceret.
47.7 PL 36, 537
7. “Sing praises to our God, sing praises” (ver. 6). Whom as Man mocked they, who from God were alienated. “Sing praises to our God.” For He is not Man only, but God. Man of the seed of David, God the Lord of David, of the Jews having flesh. “Whose” (saith the Apostle) “are the fathers, of whom as concerning the flesh Christ came.” Of the Jews then is Christ, but according to the flesh. But who is this Christ who is of the Jews according to the flesh? “Who is over all, God blessed for ever.” God before the flesh, God in the flesh, God with the flesh. Nor only God before the flesh, but God before the earth whence flesh was made; nor only God before the earth whereof flesh was made, but even God before the Heaven which was first made; God before the day which was first made; God before Angels; the same Christ is God: for “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.”
[vers. 9.] Sicut audivimus, ita et vidimus. O beata Ecclesia! quodam tempore audisti, quodam tempore vidisti. Audivit in promissionibus, videt in exhibitionibus: audivit in prophetia, videt in Evangelio. Omnia enim quae modo complentur, antea propheta sunt. Erige oculos ergo, et diffunde per mundum; vide jam haereditatem usque ad terminos orbis terrae: vide jam impleri quod dictum est, Adorabunt eum omnes reges terrae, omnes gentes servient illi . Vide impletum esse quod dictum est, Exaltare super coelos, Deus, et super omnem terram gloria tua . Vide illum cujus pedes et manus fixi sunt clavis, cujus ossa in ligno pendentia numerata sunt, super cujus vestimentum sors missa est : vide regnantem, quem illi viderunt pendentem: vide in coelo sedentem, quem contempserunt in terra ambulantem. Vide inde impleri, Commemorabuntur, et convertentur ad Dominum universi fines terrae, et adorabunt in conspectu ejus universae patriae gentium . Haec videns exclama cum gaudio, Sicut audivimus, ita et vidimus. Merito sic vocatur ipsa Ecclesia de gentibus: Audi filia, et vide, et obliviscere populum tuum et domum patris tui . Pater tuus Aquilo fuit, veni ad montem Sion. Audi, et vide: non vide, et audi; sed audi, et vide: prius audi, postea vide. Audis primo quod non vides, videbis postea quod audisti. Populus, inquit, quem non cognovi, servivit mihi, in obauditu auris obaudivit mihi . Si in obaubitu auris obaudivit, ergo non vidit. Et ubi est, Quibus non est nuntiatum de eo, videbunt; et qui non audierunt, intelligent ? Ad quos non missi sunt Prophetae, ipsi primo audierunt et intellexerunt Prophetas: illi qui primo non audierunt, postea audientes admirati sunt. Remanserunt illi ad quos missi sunt, codices ferentes, veritatem non intelligentes; Testamenti tabulas habentes, et haereditatem non tenentes. Sed nos sicut audivimus, ita et vidimus. In civitate Domini virtutum, in civitate Dei nostri. Ib audivimus, ibi et vidimus. Extra illam qui est, nec audit, nec videt; in illa qui est, nec surdus nec caecus est. Sicut audivimus, ita et vidimus. Et ubi audis? ubi vides? In civitate Domini virtutum, in civitate Dei nostri. Deus fundavit eam in aeternum. Non insultent haeretici per partes conscissi: non se extollant qui dicunt, Ecce hic est Christus, ecce illic . Qui dicit, Ecce hic est, ecce illic, ad partes inducit. Unitatem promisit Deus: reges in unum collecti sunt, non per schismata dissipati sunt. Sed forte ista civitas quae mundum tenuit, aliquando evertetur. Absit: Deus fundavit eam in aeternum. Si ergo eam Deus fundavit in aeternum, quid times ne cadat firmamentum?
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8. “For God is the King of all the earth” (ver. 7). What? And before was He not God of all the earth? Is He not God of both heaven and earth, since by Him surely were all things made? Who can say that He is not his God? But not all men acknowledged Him their God; and where He was acknowledged, there only, so to say, He was God. “In Judah is God known.” Not yet was it said to the sons of Korah, “O clap your hands, all ye nations.” For that God known in Judah, is King of all the earth: now by all He is acknowledged, for that is fulfilled which Isaiah saith, “He is thy God who hath delivered thee, the God of the whole earth shall He be called.” “Sing ye praises with understanding.” He teacheth us and warneth us to sing praises with understanding, not to seek the sound of the ear, but the light of the heart. The Gentiles, whence ye were called that ye might be Christians, adored gods made with hands, and sang praises to them, but not with understanding. If they had sung with understanding, they had not adored stones. When a man sensible sang to a stone insensible, did he sing with understanding? But now, brethren, we see not with our eyes Whom we adore, and yet correctly we adore. Much more is God commended to us, that with our eyes we see Him not. If with our eyes we saw Him, haply we might despise. For even Christ seen, the Jews despised; unseen, the Gentiles adored.
[vers. 10.] Suscepimus, Deus, misericordiam tuam in medio populi tui. Qui susceperunt, et ubi susceperunt? Nonne ipse populus tuus suscepit misericordiam tuam? Si populus tuus suscepit misericordiam tuam, quomodo suscepimus misericordiam tuam, et in medio populi tui? quasi alii sint qui susceperunt, alii in quorum medio susceperunt. Magnum sacramentum, sed tamen notum: cum et hinc, hoc est, ex his versibus exsculptum fuerit et erutum quod nostis, non erit rudius, sed dulcius. Nunc quippe populus Dei censentur omnes qui portant sacramenta ejus, sed non omnes pertinent ad misericordiam ejus. Omnes quippe sacramentum Baptismi Christi accipientes, Christiani vocantur; sed non omnes digne illo sacramento vivunt. Sunt enim quidam de quibus dicit Apostolus: Habentes formam pietatis, virtutem autem ejus abnegantes . Tamen propter ipsam speciem pietatis in populo Dei nominantur: quomodo ad aream, quamdiu trituratur, non solum grana, sed etiam palea pertinet. Numquid et ad horreum pertinebit? In hoc medio autem populi mali est populus bonus, qui suscepit misericordiam Dei. Vivit digne misericordia Dei, qui audit et tenet et facit quod ait Apostolus: Praecipientes ergo rogamus, ne in vacuum gratiam Dei suscipiatis . Qui ergo non in vacuum gratiam Dei suscipit, ipse tam sacramentum quam etiam misericordiam Dei suscipit. Et quid illi obest, quia in medio populi inobedientis est, donec area ista ventiletur, donec boni a malis separentur? quid ei obest in medio populi habitare? Sit de illis qui appellantur firmamentum, suscipiens misericordiam Dei; sit lilium in medio spinarum. Nam et ipsae spinae quoniam ad populum Dei pertinent, vis audire? Ita posita est ipsa similitudo: Sicut lilium, inquit, in medio spinarum, ita proxima mea in medio filiarum . Numquid dixit, in medio alienarum? Non; sed, in medio filiarum. Sunt ergo filiae malae, et inter illas est lilium in medio spinarum. Itaque illi qui sacramenta habent, et mores bonos non habent, et Dei dicuntur et non Dei; et ejus dicuntur et alieni: ejus, propter ipsius sacramentum; alieni, propter proprium vitium. Ita et filiae alienae: filiae, propter formam pietatis; alienae, propter amissionem virtutis. Sit ibi lilium, suscipiat misericordiam Dei, teneat radicem boni floris, non sit ingratum pluviae dulci de coelo venienti. Ingratae sint spinae, crescant de imbribus; ad ignem crescunt, non ad horreum. Suscepimus, Deus, misericordiam tuam in medio populi tui. In medio populi tui non suscipientis misericordiam tuam nos suscepimus misericordiam tuam. In sua enim propria venit, et sui eum non receperunt. In medio tamen eorum quotquot receperunt eum, dedit eis potestatem filios Dei fieri .
47.9 PL 36, 539
9. “God shall reign over all nations” (ver. 8). Who reigned over one nation, “shall reign” (saith He) “over all nations.” When this was said, God reigned over one nation. It was a prophecy, the thing was not yet shown. Thanks be to God, we now see fulfilled what before was prophesied. A written promise God sent unto us before the time, the time fulfilled He hath repaid us. “God shall reign over all nations,” is a promise. “God sitteth upon His Holy Seat.” What then was promised to come, now being fulfilled, is acknowledged and held. “God sitteth upon His Holy Seat.” What is His Holy Seat? Haply saith one, The Heavens, and he understandeth well. For Christ hath gone up, as we know, with the Body, wherein He was crucified, and sitteth at the right hand of the Father; thence we expect Him to come to judge the quick and the dead. “God sitteth upon His Holy Seat.” The Heavens are His Holy Seat. Wilt thou also be His Seat? think not that thou canst not be; prepare for Him a place in thy heart. He cometh, and willingly sitteth. The same Christ is surely “the Power of God, and the Wisdom of God:” and what saith the Scripture of Wisdom Herself? The soul of the righteous is the seat of Wisdom. If then the soul of the righteous is the seat of Wisdom, be thy soul righteous, and thou shalt be a royal seat of Wisdom. And truly, brethren, all men who live well, who act well, converse in godly charity, doth not God sit in them, and Himself command? Thy soul obeyeth God sitting in it, and itself commandeth the members. For thy soul commandeth thy members, that so may move the foot, the hand, the eye, the ear, and itself commandeth the members as its servants, but yet itself serveth its Lord sitting within. It cannot well rule its inferior, unless its superior it have not disdained to serve.
Jam hic occurrit unicuique cogitanti, Et quid? Iste populus qui in medio populi Dei suscipit misericordiam Dei, quantum numerum habet? Quam pauci sunt! vix invenitur aliquis: illisne contentus Deus erit, et perdet tantam multitudinem? Dicunt hoc qui sibi promittunt quod a Deo promittente non audierunt. Et vere si male vivamus, si mundi hujus deliciis perfruamur, si nostris libidinibus serviamus, perditurus est nos Deus? Quot enim sunt illi qui videntur servare praecepta Dei? Vix invenitur unus vel duo vel paucissimi: ipsos solos Deus liberaturus est, et caeteros damnaturus? Absit, inquiunt: cum venerit et videbit tantam multitudinem ad sinistram, miserebitur, et dabit indulgentiam. Hoc plane etiam serpens ille promisit primo homini: nam minatus erat Deus mortem, si gustaret . ille autem, Absit, inquit, non morte moriemini. Crediderunt serpenti, invenerunt verum esse quod minatus est Deus, falsum quod promiserat diabolus. Ita et nunc, fratres, ponite vobis Ecclesiam ante oculos ad instar similitudinemque paradisi: non cessat serpens suggerere quod tunc suggessit. Sed casus primi hominis ad experimentum cavendi debet nobis valere, non ad imitationem peccandi. Ideo ille cecidit, ut nos surgamus. Respondeamus talibus suggestionibus quod respondit Job. Nam et ipsum per feminam tamquam per Evam tentavit, et vicit in stercore , victus in paradiso. Ergo non audiamus tales voces, nec putemus paucos esse istos: multi sunt, sed inter plures latent. Non possumus enim negare plures esse malos, et tam plures, ut inter eos prorsus boni non appareant, quomodo non apparent grana in area. Nam quisquis aream videt, potest putare quod palea sola sit. Da hominem inexpertum, et putat inaniter fieri quod boves mittuntur, quod ibi homines sub aestu desudant ut conterant paleam; sed ibi est et massa ventilatione purganda. Tunc procedet copia frumenti, quae latebat in copia palearum. Et modo vis invenire bonos? Esto, et invenies.
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10. “The princes of the peoples are gathered together unto the God of Abraham” (ver. 9). The God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob. True it is, God said this, and thereupon the Jews prided themselves, and said, “We are Abraham’s children;” priding themselves in their father’s name, carrying his flesh, not holding his faith; by seed cleaving to Him, in manners degenerating. But the Lord, what said He to them so priding themselves? “If ye are Abraham’s children, do the works of Abraham.” Again…“The princes of the peoples:” the princes of the nations: not the princes of one people, but the princes of all people have “gathered together unto the God of Abraham.” Of these princes was that Centurion too, of whom but now when the Gospel was read ye heard. For he was a Centurion having honour and power among men, he was a prince among the princes of the peoples. Christ coming to him, he sent his friends to meet Him, nay unto Christ truly passing over to him he sent his friends, and asked that He would heal his servant who was dangerously sick. And when the Lord would come, he sent to Him this message: “I am not worthy that Thou shouldest enter under my roof, but say in a word only, and my servant shall be healed.” “For I also am a man set under authority, having under me soldiers.” See how he kept his rank! first he mentioned that he was under another, and afterwards that another was under him. I am under authority, and I am in authority; both under some I am, and over some I am.…As though he said, If I being set under authority command those who are under me, Thou who art set under no man’s authority, canst not Thou command Thy creature, since all things were made by Thee, and without Thee was nothing made. “Say,” then, said he, “in a word, and my servant shall be healed. For I am not worthy that Thou shouldest enter under my roof.”…Admiring at his faith, Jesus reprobates the Jews’ misbelief. For sound to themselves they seemed, whereas they were dangerously sick, when their Physician not knowing they slew. Therefore when He reprobated, and repudiated their pride what said he? “I say unto you, that many shall come from the east and west,” not belonging to the kindred of Israel: many shall come to whom He said, “O clap your hands, all ye nations;” “and shall sit down with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom of heaven.” Abraham begat them not of his own flesh; yet shall they come and sit down with him in the kingdom of heaven, and be his sons. Whereby his sons? Not as born of his flesh, but by following his faith. “But the children of the kingdom,” that is, the Jews, “shall be cast into outer darkness, there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.” They shall be condemned to outer darkness who are born of the flesh of Abraham, and they shall sit down with him in the kingdom of heaven, who have imitated Abraham’s faith.
[vers. 11.] Contra istam ergo desperationem vide quid sequatur in psalmo isto. Quoniam cum dixisset, Suscepimus, Deus, misericordiam tuam in medio populi tui, significavit esse populum non suscipientem misericordiam Dei, in cujus medio quidam suscipiant misericordiam Dei: et ne occurreret hominibus, tam paucos esse, ut prope nulli sint; quomodo consolatus est consequentibus verbis? Secundum nomen tuum, Deus, ita et laus tua in fines terrae. Quid est hoc? Magnus Dominus et laudabilis valde, in civitate Dei nostri, in monte sancto ejus; nec potest esse laus ejus, nisi in sanctis ejus. Nam qui male vivunt, non eum laudant; sed etsi praedicant lingua, blasphemant vita. Quia ergo laus ejus non est nisi in sanctis ejus, non sibi dicant haeretici: In nobis remansit laus ejus, quia pauci sumus, et a turba separati; nos juste vivimus, nos laudamus Deum, non solum loquendo, verum etiam conversando. Respondetur eis ex hoc psalmo: Quid vos dicitis in parte laudare Deum, cui dictum est, Secundum nomen tuum Deus, ita et laus tua in fines terrae? Id est, quomodo notus es per omnes terras, sic et laudaris per omnes terras; nec desunt qui te nunc laudant per omnes terras. Illi autem laudant, qui bene vivunt. Secundum enim nomen tuum, Deus, ita et laus tua, non in parte, sed in fines terrae. Justitia plena est dextera tua: id est, multi sunt et illi qui stabunt ad dexteram. Non solum illi multi erunt qui stabunt ad sinistram, sed et ibi erit plenitudo massae ad dexteram constitutae: Justitia plena est dextera tua.
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11. And what they who belonged to the God of Abraham? “For the mighty gods of the earth are greatly lifted up.” They who were gods, the people of God, the vineyard of God, whereof it is said, “Judge betwixt Me and My vineyard,” shall go into outer darkness, shall not sit down with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, are not gathered unto the God of Abraham. Wherefore? “For the mighty gods of the earth;” they who were mighty gods of the earth, presuming upon earth. What earth? Themselves; for every man is earth. For to man was it said, “Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.” But man ought to presume upon God, and thence to hope for help, not from himself. For the earth raineth not upon itself, nor shineth for itself; but as the earth from heaven expecteth rain and light, so man from God ought to expect mercy and truth. They then, “the mighty gods of the earth, were greatly lifted up,” that is, greatly prided themselves: they thought no physician necessary for themselves, and therefore remained in their sickness, and by their sickness were brought down even to death. The natural branches were broken off that the humble wild olive tree might be grafted in. Hold we fast then, brethren, humility, charity, godliness: since we are called, on their proving reprobate, even by their example let us fear to pride ourselves.
[vers. 12.] Laetetur mons Sion, et exsultent filiae Judaeae, propter judicia tua, Domine. O mons Sion, o filiae Judaeae, laboratis modo inter zizania, inter paleas, inter spinas laboratis; sed exsultate propter judicia Dei. Non errat Deus in judicando. Discretae vivite, etsi concretae natae estis, non frustra vox exiit de ore et de corde vestro: Ne comperdas cum impiis animam meam, et cum viris sanguinum vitam meam . Ille ventilabit tantus artifex, in manu ventilabrum portabit, ut unum granum tritici non cadat in acervum paleae comburendum, nec una arista paleae transeat ad massam in horreo recondendam . Exsultate, filiae Judaeae, propter judicia Dei non errantis; et nolite modo temere judicare. Ad vos pertineat colligere, ad illum pertineat separare. Laetetur mons Sion, et exsultent filiae Judaeae, propter judicia tua, Domine. Ne autem putetis filias Judaeae Judaeos esse. Juda Confessio est. Omnes filii confessionis, filii Judaeae sunt: quia, Salus ex Judaeis, nihil est aliud quam Christus ex Judaeis . Hoc ait et Apostolus: Non enim qui in manifesto Judaeus est, neque quae in manifesto in carne est circumcisio; sed qui in abscondito Judaeus est, et circumcisio cordis, in spiritu, non littera, cujus laus non ex hominibus, sed ex Deo . Talis Judaeus esto: gloriare de circumcisione cordis, etsi non habes circumcisionem carnis. Exsultent filiae Judaeae, propter judicia tua, Domine.