Ionathas confirmeth league with the Romanes, and Spartiates, by letters: 19. with mention of letters receiued before, 24. By diligent guard he defendeth the countrie from the enimies inuasions, putting them to flight. 31. subdueth the Arabians, and returneth by Damascus. (33. Simon prospering in other places.) fortifieth Ierusalem, 39. Finally is deceiued by Tryphon. 48. and al his men are slaine.
1And Jonathan saw that the time served him, and he chose certain men, and sent them to Rome, to confirm and to renew the amity with them:E Gionata vedendo, che il tempo era favorevole, elesse deputati per mandargli a Roma a stabilire e rinnovar l'amicizia.AND Ionathas saw that the time helped him, he chose men and sent them to Rome, to establish and to renew amitie with them:Et vidit Jonathas quia tempus eum juvat, et elegit viros, et misit eos Romam statuere et renovare cum eis amicitiam: 2And he sent letters to the Spartans, and to other places, according to the same form.Similmente agli Sparziati e ad altri potentati scrisse lettere dello stesso tenore.and to the Spartiats, and to other places he sent epistles according to the same tenure.et ad Spartiatas, et ad alia loca misit epistolas secundum eamdem formam: 3And they went to Rome, and entered into the senate house, and said: Jonathan, the high priest, and the nation of the Jews, have sent us to renew the amity, and alliance, as it was before.E quegli andarono a Roma, ed entrati nella Curia, dissero: Gionata sommo Sacerdote e la nazione dei Giudei ci hanno mandati a rinnovare l'amicizia e la confederazione, quale ella è stata per la passato.And they went to Rome, and entered into the court, and sayd: Ionathas the hight priest, and the nation of the Iewes haue sent vs to renew the amitie, and societie according as before.et abierunt Romam, et intraverunt curiam, et dixerunt: Jonathas summus sacerdos, et gens Judæorum miserunt nos, ut renovaremus amicitiam et societatem secundum pristinum. 4And they gave them letters to their governors in every place, to conduct them into the land of Juda with peace.E (i Romani) diedero ad essi lettere pe' loro presidi d'un luogo all'altro, affinché li facesser condurre con sicurezza nella terra di Giuda.And they gaue them epistles vnto them by place and place, to conduct them into the land of Iuda with peace.Et dederunt illis epistolas ad ipsos per loca, ut deducerent eos in terram Juda cum pace. 5And this is a copy of the letters which Jonathan wrote to the Spartans:Or ecco la copia della lettera scritta da Gionata agli Sparziati:And this is a copie of the epistles which Ionathas wrote to the Spartiats:Et hoc est exemplum epistolarum, quas scripsit Jonathas Spartiatis: 6Jonathan, the high priest, and the ancients of the nation, and the priests, and the rest of the people of the Jews, to the Spartans, their brethren, greeting.Gionata sommo Sacerdote e i seniori della nazione e i sacerdoti e tutto il popolo dei Giudei, agli Sparziati fratelli, salute.IONATHAS the high priest, and the ancients of the nation, and the priests, and the rest of the people of the Iewes, to the Spartiats their bretheren greeting.Jonathas summus sacerdos, et seniores gentis, et sacerdotes, et reliquus populus Judæorum, Spartiatis fratribus salutem.
7There were letters sent long ago to Onias the high priest, from Arius, who reigned then among you to signify that you are our brethren, as the copy here underwritten doth specify.È già tempo, che fu scritta lettera da Ario, che regnava tra voi a Onia sommo Sacerdote, nella quale si dicea come voi siete nostri fratelli, come lo dimostra la copia, che qui sotto si riferirà.Long agoe were epistles sent to Onias the high priest from Arius who reigned with you, that you are our bretheren, as the writing conteyneth, that here beneath foloweth.Jampridem missæ erant epistolæ ad Oniam summum sacerdotem ab Ario, qui regnabat apud vos, quoniam estis fratres nostri, sicut rescriptum continet, quod subjectum est. 8And Onias received the ambassador with honour and received the letters, wherein there was mention made of the alliance, and amity.E Onia accolse onorevolmente il messo e le lettere, nelle quali si trattava di fare amicizia e confederazione.And Onias receiued the man; that was sent, with honour: and he receiued the epistles, where in there was signification of the societie, and amitie.Et suscepit Onias virum, qui missus fuerat, cum honore: et accepit epistolas, in quibus significabatur de societate et amicitia. 9We, though we needed none of these things having for our comfort the holy books that are in our hands,Noi non avendo bisogno di nissuna di queste cose, perchè abbiamo per nostra consolazione i libri santi a che sono nelle nostre mani,We wheras we neded none of these hauing for our comfort the holie bookes, that are in our handes,Nos cum nullo horum indigeremus, habentes solatio sanctos libros, qui sunt in manibus nostris, 10Chose rather to send to you to renew the brotherhood and friendship, lest we should become strangers to you altogether: for there is a long time passed since you sent to us.Abbiam voluto nulladimeno mandar a voi deputati per rinovellare la fraternità e l'amicizia, affinché non accada, che noi diventiamo stranieri a voi; perocchè gran tempo è trascorso dopo che voi mandaste a visitarci.chose rather to send vnto you to renew the fraternitie, lest perhaps we be made aliens from you: for much time is passed, since you sent to vs.maluimus mittere ad vos renovare fraternitatem et amicitiam, ne forte alieni efficiamur a vobis: multa enim tempora transierunt, ex quo misistis ad nos. 11We, therefore, at all times without ceasing, both in our festivals, and other days wherein it is convenient, remember you in the sacrifices that we offer, and in our observances, as it is meet and becoming to remember brethren.Noi però in ogni tempo non abbiam mai tralasciato nè giorni solenni e negli altri tempi quando convien di farlo, di far commemorazione di voi nè sacrifizj; che da noi sono offerti, e nelle orazioni, come è giusto e convenevole di aver memoria de' fratelli.We therfore at al time without intermission in the solenne dayes, and the rest where in we should, are mindful of you in the sacrifices, that we offer, and in the obseruances, as it is meete, and becometh to remember bretheren.Nos ergo in omni tempore sine intermissione in diebus solemnibus, et ceteris, quibus oportet, memores sumus vestri in sacrificiis quæ offerimus, et in observationibus, sicut fas est, et decet meminisse fratrum.
12And we rejoice at your glory.Or noi ci rallegriamo della vostra gloria.We reioyce therfore of your glorie.Lætamur itaque de gloria vestra. 13But we have had many troubles and wars on every side; and the kings that are round about us have fought against us.Ma noi siamo stati circondati da molte tribolazioni e guerre; e i re circonvicini ci hanno vessati.But manie tribulations haue compassed vs, and manie battels, and the kinges that are round about vs, haue impugned vs.Nos autem circumdederunt multæ tribulationes, et multa prælia, et impugnaverunt nos reges qui sunt in circuitu nostro. 14But we would not be troublesome to you, nor to the rest of our allies and friends, in these wars.Noi adunque non abbiam voluto in queste guerre recar molestia a voi, né agli altri confederati e amici nostri:We therfore would not be trublesome to you, nor to the rest our felowes and freindes in these battels.Noluimus ergo vobis molesti esse, neque ceteris sociis et amicis nostris in his præliis: 15For we have had help from heaven, and we have been delivered, and our enemies are humbled.Perocchè noi abbiam ricevuto soccorso dal cielo, e siamo stati liberati, e son rimasi svergognati i nostri nemici.For we haue had ayde from heauen, and we are deliuered, and our enemies are humbled.habuimus enim de cælo auxilium, et liberati sumus nos, et humiliati sunt inimici nostri. 16We have chosen, therefore, Numenius the son of Antiochus, and Antipater, the son of Jason, and have sent them to the Romans, to renew with them the former amity and alliance.Ma avendo noi eletto Numenio figliuolo' di Antioco, e Antipatro figliuolo di Giasone per mandargli ai Romani a rinnovar con essi l'amicizia e la confederazione antica,We haue chosen therfore Numenius the sonne of Antiochus, and Autipater the sonne of Iason, and haue sent to the Romanes to renew with them the old amitie and societie.Elegimus itaque Numenium Antiochi filium, et Antipatrem Jasonis filium, et misimus ad Romanos renovare cum eis amicitiam et societatem pristinam. 17And we have commanded them to go also to you, and salute you, and to deliver you our letters, concerning the renewing of our brotherhood.Abbiam data ad essi commissione di venir anche da voi a salutarvi, e a portarvi questa nostra lettera, che ha per fine di rinnovellare la nostra fraternità.We therfore haue commanded them that they come vnto you also, & salute you, and deliuer you our epistles, concerning the renewing of our fraternitie.Mandavimus itaque eis ut veniant etiam ad vos, et salutent vos, et reddant vobis epistolas nostras de innovatione fraternitatis nostræ. 18And now you shall do well to give us an answer hereto.Or voi ben farete rispondendo a noi sopra tali cose.And now you shal doe wel in answering vs to these thinges.Et nunc benefacietis respondentes nobis ad hæc.
19And this is the copy of the letter which he had sent to Onias:E questa è la copia della lettera scritta ad Onia:And this is the rescript of the epistles, which he had sent to Onias:Et hoc est rescriptum epistolarum quod miserat Oniæ: 20Arius, king of the Spartans, to Onias, the high priest, greeting.Ario re degli Sparziati, ad Onia sommo Sacerdote, salute.ARIVS the king of the Spartians to Onias the grand priest greeting.Arius rex Spartiatarum Oniæ sacerdoti magno salutem. 21It is found in writing concerning the Spartans, and the Jews, that they are brethren, and that they are of the stock of Abraham.Si è trovato in certa scrittura, che gli sparziati e i Giudei sono fratelli, e sono della stirpe d'Abramo.It is found in scripture of the Spartians, and the Iewes that they are bretheren, & that they are of the stocke of Abraham.Inventum est in scriptura de Spartiatis, et Judæis, quoniam sunt fratres, et quod sunt de genere Abraham. 22And now since this is come to our knowledge, you do well to write to us of your prosperity.Or dacchè noi abbiamo scoperta tal cosa, voi farete bene a scriverci, se siate in pace.And now since we vnderstood these thinges, you doe wel in writing to vs of your peace.Et nunc ex quo hæc cognovimus, benefacitis scribentes nobis de pace vestra. 23And we also have written back to you, That our cattle, and our possessions, are yours: and yours, ours. We, therefore, have commanded that these things should be told you.E noi pure scriviamo a voi: I nostri bestiami e le nostre possessioni sono vostre, e nostre sono le vostre: queste cose adunque abbiamo dato commissione di far sapere a voi.Yea and we haue writen agayne to you, Our cattel, & our possessions, are yours: and yours, ours. We therfore haue commanded that these thinges be told you.Sed et nos rescripsimus vobis: Pecora nostra, et possessiones nostræ, vestræ sunt: et vestræ, nostræ: mandavimus itaque hæc nuntiari vobis. 24Now Jonathan heard that the generals of Demetrius were come again with a greater army than before to fight against him.Or Gionata seppe come i capitani di Demetrio eran tornati con esercito maggior di prima per assalirlo:And Ionathas heard that the princes of Demetrius were come agayne with a great armie more then before to fight against him.Et audivit Jonathas quoniam regressi sunt principes Demetrii cum exercitu multo supra quam prius, pugnare adversus eum: 25So he went out from Jerusalem, and met them in the land of Amath: for he gave them no time to enter into his country.Ed egli parti da Gerusalemme, e andò ad incontrarti nel paese di Amath; perocchè non avea dato loro il tempo di metter piede nel suo paese.And he went out from Ierusalem, aud mette them in the countrie of Amathis: for he gaue them not space to enter into his countrie.et exiit ab Jerusalem, et occurrit eis in Amathite regione: non enim dederat eis spatium ut ingrederentur regionem ejus.
26And he sent spies into their camp, and they came back, and brought him word that they designed to come upon them in the night.E mandò delle spie nel loro campo, le quali tornarono a dirgli, che quelli avean risoluto di coglierlo all'improvviso quella notte.And he sent spies into their campe, & they returning reported that they appointed to come vpon them in the night.Et misit speculatores in castra eorum: et reversi renuntiaverunt quod constituunt supervenire illis nocte. 27And when the sun was set, Jonathan commanded his men to watch, and to be in arms all night long ready to fight, and he set sentinels round about the camp.Or tramontata che fu il sole, Gionata ordinò ai suoi di vegliare, e di stare coll'armi in ordine per la battaglia tutta la notte, e pose sentinelle intorno al quartiere.And when the sunne was set, Ionathas cammanded his men to watch, and to be in armour readie to fight al night, & he set watchmen round about the campe.Cum occidisset autem sol, præcepit Jonathas suis vigilare, et esse in armis paratos ad pugnam tota nocte: et posuit custodes per circuitum castrorum. 28And the enemies heard that Jonathan and his men were ready for battle: and they were struck with fear and dread in their heart: and they kindled fires in their camp.Ma i nemici avendo risaputo come Giornata era colla sua gente in ordine per la battaglia, ebber timore, e perderon coraggio, e acceser de' fuochi nel loro campo.And the aduersaries heard that Ionathas with his companie was prepared to battel: & they feared, and were afrayd in their hart: and they kindled fyres in their campe.Et audierunt adversarii quod paratus est Jonathas cum suis in bello: et timuerunt, et formidaverunt in corde suo: et accenderunt focos in castris suis. 29But Jonathan, and they that were with him, knew it not till the morning: for they saw the lights burning.E Gionata e i suoi non si accorsero del fatto fino alla mattina, veggendo quei fuochi accesi:But Ionathas, and they that were with him, knew it not til the morning: and they saw light burning,Jonathas autem, et qui cum eo erant, non cognoverunt usque mane: videbant autem luminaria ardentia, 30And Jonathan pursued after them, but overtook them not: for they had passed the river Eleutherus.E Gionata andò dietro ad essi, e non li raggiunse; perocchè avean passato il fiume Eleuthero.and Ionathas folowed them, and ouertooke them not: for they had passed the riuer Eleutherus.et secutus est eos Jonathas, et non comprehendit eos: transierant enim flumen Eleutherum. 31And Jonathan turned upon the Arabians, that are called Zabadeans: and he defeated them, and took the spoils of them.E Gionata piegò verso gli Arabi detti Zabadei, e gli sconfisse, e prese le loro spoglie.And Ionathas turned aside to the Arabians, that were called Zabadeans: and he stroke them, and tooke the spoiles of them.Et divertit Jonathas ad Arabas, qui vocantur Zabadæi: et percussit eos, et accepit spolia eorum.
32And he went forward, and came to Damascus, and passed through all that country.E riuniti i suoi andò a Damasco, e andava attorno per tutto quel paese.And he ioyned, and came to Damascus, and walked through al that countrie.Et junxit, et venit Damascum, et perambulabat omnem regionem illam. 33Simon also went forth, and came as far as Ascalon, and the neighbouring fortresses, and he turned aside to Joppe, and took possession of it,E Simone partì, e andò fino ad Ascalon e alle vicine fortezze; e si voltò verso Joppe, e la occupò.But Simon went forth, and came euen to Ascalon, and to the next holdes, and he declined into Ioppe, and tooke it. (Simon autem exiit, et venit usque ad Ascalonem, et ad proxima præsidia: et declinavit in Joppen, et occupavit eam 34(For he heard that they designed to deliver the hold to them that took part with Demetrius) and he put a garrison there to keep it.Perocchè aveva inteso come quelli volevano rimettere la fortezza alle genti di Demetrio: ond'egli vi mise presidio, che la custodisse.For he heard that they would deliuer the hold to Demetrius part) and he put a garrison there to keepe it.(audivit enim quod vellent præsidium tradere partibus Demetrii), et posuit ibi custodes ut custodirent eam. 35And Jonathan came back, and called together the ancients of the people; and he took a resolution with them to build fortresses in Judea,E Gionata al suo ritorno convocò i seniori del popolo, e risolvè con essi di fabbricare delle cittadella nella Giudea,And Ionathas returned, & called together the ancients of the people, and he consulted with them to build fortresses in Iurie,Et reversus est Jonathas, et convocavit seniores populi, et cogitavit cum eis ædificare præsidia in Judæa, 36And to build up walls in Jerusalem, and raise a mount between the castle and the city, to separate it from the city, that so it might have no communication, and that they might neither buy nor sell.E di riedificare le mura di Gerusalemme, e di alzare un muro altissimo in mezzo tralla cittadella e la città per separar quella dalla città, affinché restasse isolata, e quelli non potessero nè comprare, nè vendere:and to build the walles in Ierusalem, and to reate a mount of a great height betwen the castel and the citie, to separate it from the citie, that it might be alone, and they might neither bye nor sel:et ædificare muros in Jerusalem, et exaltare altitudinem magnam inter medium arcis et civitatis, ut separaret eam a civitate, ut esset ipsa singulariter, et neque emant, neque vendant.
37And they came together to build up the city: for the wall that was upon the brook, towards the east, was broken down, and he repaired that which is called Caphetetha:E si adunò la gente per fabbricare attorno alla città; e cadde la muraglia, che era lungo il torrente da levante: ed egli ristorò il muro chiamato Caphetetha:And they came together to build the citie: and the wal fel that was vpon the torrent toward the rising of the sunne, and he repayred it, which is called Caphetetha:Et convenerunt ut ædificarent civitatem: et cecidit murus qui erat super torrentem ab ortu solis, et reparavit eum, qui vocatur Caphetetha: 38And Simon built Adiada in Sephela, and fortified it, and set up gates and bars.E Simone fabbricò, Adiada in Sephela, e la fortificò e vi pose le porte e le sbarre.and Simon built Adiada in Sephela, and fortified it, & hanged on gates aud lockes.et Simon ædificavit Adiada in Sephela, et munivit eam, et imposuit portas et seras. 39Now when Tryphon had conceived a design to make himself king of Asia and to take the crown, and to stretch out his hand against king Antiochus:Ma Trifone avendo disegnato di farsi re dell'Asia, e di prendere il diadema, e di porre le mani addosso al re Antioco:And when Tryphon had purposed to reigne ouer Asia, and to take the crowne & to extend his hand against Antiochus the king:Et cum cogitasset Tryphon regnare Asiæ, et assumere diadema, et extendere manum in Antiochum regem: 40Fearing lest Jonathan would not suffer him, but would fight against him: he sought to seize upon him, and to kill him. So he rose up and came to Bethsan.Temendo, che Gionata non gli fosse di ostacolo, e anzi gli facesse guerra, cercava di averlo nelle mani e ucciderlo: quindi si mosse, e andò a Bethsan.fearing lest perhaps Ionathas would not permit him, but would fight against him: he sought to take him: & to kil him. And rising vp he went into Bethsan.timens ne forte non permitteret eum Jonathas, sed pugnaret adversus eum, quærebat comprehendere eum, et occidere. Et exsurgens abiit in Bethsan. 41And Jonathan went out to meet him with forty thousand men chosen for battle, and came to Bethsan.E Gionata gli andò incontro con quaranta mila guerrieri scelti, e giunse a Bethsan.And Ionathas went forth to meete him with fourtie thousand chosen men into battel, and came to Bethsam.Et exivit Jonathas obviam illi cum quadraginta millibus virorum electorum in prælium, et venit Bethsan. 42Now when Tryphon saw that Jonathan came with a great army, he durst not stretch forth his hand against him.Ma veggendo Trifone, che Gionata era venuto con grosso esercito per assalirlo, ebbe paura.And Tryphon saw that Ionathas came with a great armie, to extend his handes vpon him: and he feared:Et vidit Tryphon quia venit Jonathas cum exercitu multo ut extenderet in eum manus: timuit,
43But received him with honour, and commended him to all his friends, and gave him presents: and he commanded his troops to obey him, as himself.E lo accolse onorevolmente, e lo raccomandò a tutti i suoi amici, e gli fece dei regali, e ordinò ai suoi eserciti, che obbedissero a lui come a se stesso.and receiued him with honour, and commended him to al his freindes, and gaue him gifts: and he commanded his hosts to obey him, as him self.et excepit eum cum honore, et commendavit eum omnibus amicis suis, et dedit ei munera: et præcepit exercitibus suis ut obedirent ei, sicut sibi. 44And he said to Jonathan: Why hast thou troubled all the people, whereas we have no war?E disse a Gionata: Per qual motivo hai tu incomodata tutta la tua gente, mentre noi non abbiam guerra?And he sayd to sonathas: Why hast thou trubled al the people: wheras we haue no warre?Et dixit Jonathæ: Ut quid vexasti universum populum, cum bellum nobis non sit ? 45Now, therefore, send them back to their own houses: and choose thee a few men that may be with thee, and come with me to Ptolemais, and I will deliver it to thee, and the rest of the strong holds, and the army, and all that have any charge, and I will return and go away: for this is the cause of my coming.Or tu rimandagli alle case loro, e scegli un piccol numero d'uomini, che restin teco, e vieni meco a Tolemaide, e io te ne farò padrone, come degli altri presidj e delle milizie e di tutte le persone del governo, e me ne ritornerò in dietro; perocchè a questo fine son venuto.And now send them backe to their houses, but choose thee a few men, that may be with thee, and come with me to Prolemais, and I wil deliuer it to thee, and the other holdes, and the armie, and al the ouerseers of the affayres, and returning I wil depart: for therfore I came.et nunc remitte eos in domos suas: elige autem tibi viros paucos, qui tecum sint, et veni mecum Ptolemaidam, et tradam eam tibi, et reliqua præsidia, et exercitum, et universos præpositos negotii: et conversus abibo: propterea enim veni. 46And Jonathan believed him, and did as he said: and sent away his army, and they departed into the land of Juda:E quegli prestogli fede, e fece come egli avea detto; e licenziò i soldati, i quali se n'andarono nel paese di Giuda.And Ionathas beleued him, and did as he sayd: and dismissed his armie, and they departed into the land of Iuda:Et credidit ei, et fecit sicut dixit: et dimisit exercitum, et abierunt in terram Juda. 47But he kept with him three thousand men: of whom he sent two thousand into Galilee, and one thousand went with him.E ritenne seco tre mila uomini; dei quali ne rimando due mila nella Galilea, e mille andaron con lui.but he reteyned with him three thousand men: of whom he sent backe two thousand into Galilee, and a thousand came with him.Retinuit autem secum tria millia virorum: ex quibus remisit in Galilæam duo millia: mille autem venerunt cum eo.
48Now as soon as Jonathan entered into Ptolemais, they of Ptolemais shut the gates of the city, and took him: and all them that came in with him they slew with the sword.Ma appena ebbe Gionata messo il piede in Tolemaide, que' cittadini chiuser le porte della città, e lo fecero prigione, e messer a fil di spada tutti quelli che erano venuti dentro con lui.But as Ionathas entered into Prolemais, they of Ptolemais shut the gates of the citie: and they tooke him, and al that had entered with him they slew with the sword.Ut autem intravit Ptolemaidam Jonathas, clauserunt portas civitatis Ptolemenses, et comprehenderunt eum: et omnes qui cum eo intraverant, gladio interfecerunt. 49Then Tryphon sent an army and horsemen into Galilee, and into the great plain, to destroy all Jonathan’s company.E Trifone mandò un esercito e la cavalleria nella Galileo e nella pianura grande per isterminar tutti quelli che aveano accompagnato Gionata.And Tryphon sent an armie and horsemen into Galilee, and into the great playne to destroy al Ionathas felowes.Et misit Tryphon exercitum et equites in Galilæam et in campum magnum, ut perderent omnes socios Jonathæ. 50But they, when they understood that Jonathan, and all that were with him, were taken and slain, encouraged one another, and went out ready for battle.Ma quelli avendo saputo, come Gionata era stato preso, e messo a morte con tutti quelli che eran con lui, si esortarono gli uni gli altri, e si mossero pronti a venir alle mani.But they when they vnderstood that Ionathas was taken, and was perished, and al that were with him, they encouraged them selues, & went forth readie to battelAt illi cum cognovissent quia comprehensus est Jonathas, et periit, et omnes qui cum eo erant, hortati sunt semetipsos, et exierunt parati in prælium. 51Then they that had come after them, seeing that they stood for their lives, returned back.Or quelli che erano andati in traccia di essi, veggendoli disposti a far tutto per la loro vita, tornarono indietro:And these that had pursewed, seing that the matter stood vpon their life, they returned.Et videntes hi qui insecuti fuerant, quia pro anima res est illis, reversi sunt: 52Whereupon they all came peaceably into the land of Juda and they bewailed Jonathan, and them that had been with him, exceedingly: and Israel mourned with great lamentation.E quelli se ne tornarono tutti salvi nella Giudea: e piansero grandemente Gionata e i suoi compagni; e Israele meno gran duolo.But they came al with peace into the land of Iuda. And they lamented Ionathas, and them that were with him excedingly: and Israel mourned with great mourning.illi autem venerunt omnes cum pace in terram Juda. Et planxerunt Jonathan, et eos qui cum ipso fuerant, valde: et luxit Israël luctu magno.
53Then all the heathens that were round about them, sought to destroy them. For they said:E tutte le circonvicine nazioni cercavano di abbatterli; perocchè dicevano.And al the heathen that were round abour them, sought to destroy them. for they sayd:Et quæsierunt omnes gentes quæ erant in circuitu eorum conterere eos: dixerunt enim: 54They have no prince, nor any to help them: now therefore, let us make war upon them, and take away the memory of them from amongst men.Ei non han condottiero, ne chi gli aiuti: adesso pertanto sterminiamoli, e si cancelli il loro nome dalla memoria degli uomini.They haue no prince, and helper: now therfore let vs expugne them, and take away from men the memorie of them.Non habent principem et adjuvantem: nunc ergo expugnemus illos, et tollamus de hominibus memoriam eorum.
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Year of the World 3860.
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Worthington
Spartans. The city was also called Lacedemon and Theramne. (Worthington)
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People. The Jewish state then greatly resembled those of Rome and of Sparta. The high priest and senate ruled, yet not without the participation of the people.
Calmet
Brethren, proceeding from the same stock. This was the received opinion in both countries, though without foundation, that we can discover. (Calmet, Diss.)
Haydock
The proofs might be known to those who were more concerned. (Haydock)
12:7
Year of the World 3817, Year before Christ 187.
Onias the third, between the years [of the world] 3805 and 3829.
Josephus
Arius. Greek and Syriac erroneously write, Darius. See ver. 20. (Josephus, Antiquities 12:5.)
12:9
Things; the letters of Arius, as the sacred books testified the same. (Greek; Josephus; Grotius)
This sense appears to be the most natural; or we are not interested in making the present application.
12:11
Observances. Greek, Syriac, "supplications." The Vulgate had probably at first, obsecrationibus. The Jews prayed for their allies, etc., to beg for their temporal prosperity, and for their conversion, 1 Machabees 7:33.
12:13
Calmet
Kings. Ever since the time of Onias, wars had been waged against Epiphanes, Eupator, Soter, and Nicator. (Calmet)
12:19
Worthington
Letter. Arius wrote before Onias, though the letter be placed later. (Worthington)
Calmet
Josephus give it rather in different words. The answer to Jonathan was sent to Simon, the year [of the world] 3861., 1 Machabees 14:22. (Calmet)
12:21
Worthington
Spartans. They had probably some old genealogies. (Jos.[Josephus?, Antiquities?] 12:5., and 13:9.) (Worthington)
Salien
Yet they might not be true. Few nations can ascertain their origin; and most run into fabulous accounts, if we except the Jews. (Calmet) See ver. 6. (Haydock) (Salien, the year [of the world] 3821.)
Menochius
There is nothing certain. (Rep. Heb. 1:2.) (Menochius)
12:23
Calmet
Back. It would hence appear that the Jews wrote first which does not seem to be the case from Josephus, etc. (Calmet)
12:24
Calmet
Demetrius. He resided at Laodicea, feasting, (Diodorus) while his generals attempted to detach Jonathas from Antiochus, but without success. They fled at his approach beyond the river Eleutherus, from which Laodicea was not remote. (Calmet)
12:29
Menochius
Burning. They had been left to conceal the flight. (Menochius)
Haydock
Grabe supplies, "and they departed," at the end of ver. 28. (Haydock)
12:31
Calmet
Zabadeans. No nation of this name is known; whence most people read "Nabatheans," after Josephus. They had been allies of the Jews, but perhaps took part with Demetrius. (Calmet)
12:33
Menochius
Of it, as it was designing to revolt. Jonathas had possession before, 1 Machabees 10:73. (Menochius)
12:35
Year of the World 3860.
12:36
Calmet
Mount. Literally, "height," (Haydock) or wall, to prevent the garrison from receiving supplies. (Calmet)
12:37
Haydock
For. Greek, "he approached," which Grabe substitutes instead of "was fallen down." (Haydock)
12:38
Calmet
Adiada, or Addus, (chap. 13:13.) in the plain west of the mountains of Juda. (Calmet)
12:39
Year of the World 3861.
Worthington
Tryphon. In a moral sense, Tryphon represents the practice of the devil, who seeks first to deceive pastors. For, as St. Gregory (hom. xxxviii.) teaches, if the pastor's life be corrupt, his doctrine will be contemned. (Worthington)
12:40
Bethsan, or Scythopolis, below the lake of Genesareth. Tryphon was not content with governing under the young Antiochus. He was afraid lest Jonathas should oppose his measures, (Calmet) knowing that he was a man of probity, to whom the king had shewn favour.
12:49
Plain of Esdrelon, or Mageddo, (Menochius) styled also the vale of Jezrahel, and perhaps Arboth, 1 Machabees 5:23, and 9:2.
12:50
Calmet
Slain. So it was reported, though falsely. (Calmet)
12:2
Sparta the chief citie of Lacedemonia called also Lacedemon, and Theramne.
12:6
Spartians otherwise called Lacedemonians (by Iosephus and other vvriters) descended from Abraham, v. 21. and vvere in great league vvith the Ievves.
12:19
The Spartianes had written this epistle before Onias vvritte to thē, though it be here placed after.
12:21
There remained vvith the Spartiates old vvrites of genealogies, as Iosephus supposeth. li. 12. c. 5. & li. 13. c. 9.
12:39
Morally in Tryphon is noted the practise of the diuel: vvho intending to ouerthrovv a king or a kingdom first seeketh to deceiue the pastores, and to destroy them: especially by error or other sinne. For (as S. Gregorie teacheth. ho. 38.) if the pastors life be corrupted, his doctrine vvil be contemned.
12:2
2. Et ad Spartiatas, — incolas Spartæ, qui et Lacones sive Lacedæmonii sunt dicti, et fuere posteri Heraclidarum (sociorum Herculis) Agidæ nominati, quos Lycurgus suis legibus ad miram politiam, temperantiam et fortitudinem evexit, ideoque Lacones pro libertate Spartæ omni ævo acerrime certarunt, et etiamnum cum Turca certant. Licet enim ei tributum pendant, tamen urbem arcemque suam ab omni Turcarum præsidio liberam servant, et constantissime tuentur.
12:4
4. Et vidit Jonathas quia tempus eum juvat, — quo, post heroica facta totque victorias, ingens nominis ejus fama percrebuerat apud Romanos et Spartiatas, ut ambirent cum eo inire amicitiam et fœdus.
12:7
7. JAMPRIDEM MISSÆ ERANT EPISTOLÆ AD ONIAM SUMMUM SACERDOTEM (Pontificem) AB ARIO, QUI REGNABAT APUD VOS. — Arius hic fuit inter Agidarum reges quartus a fine, qui multa contra Pyrrhum Epiri, et Antigonum Macedoniæ reges prælia commisit, atque ad Oniam Pontificem sociales et fœderales dedit litteras quæ recitantur vers. 20.
12:9
9. NOS CUM NULLO HORUM INDIGEREMUS HABENTES SOLATIO SANCTOS LIBROS. — Posterior pars dat causam prioris, q. d. Ideo non indiguimus vestra ope, nec eam imploravimus; quia hanc præstiterunt nobis libri Mosis et Prophetarum qui nobis certo promittunt in rebus arctis et desperatis Dei auxilium, si ei fideliter serviamus eumque invocemus. Deum ergo invocantes, et adjutorem habentes, homines auxiliatores non quæsivimus.
12:11
11. In observationibus — sacrorum rituum, festorum et orationum. Unde Græca clarius habent: in obsecrationibus.
12:21
21. INVENTUM EST IN SCRIPTURA (non sacra, licet id quoque velit Josephus, lib. XIII, cap. ix, sed profana, puta in historiis et Chronicis Spartiatarum) de Spartiatis et Judæis, quoniam (quod) SUNT FRATRES, ET QUOD SUNT DE GENERE ABRAHAM. — Spartiatæ enim jactabant se prognatos ex Abraham per Ceturam, quæ fuit tertia Abrahæ uxor, Genes. xxv, 1. Ita Josephus, licet alii putent Spartiatas ab Abraham per Agar et Ismaelem descendere. Plures hujus cognationis Spartiatarum cum Judæis conjecturas affert Serarius hic, pag. 753 in medio, quarum prima est magna similitudo utrorumque, tum in legibus, uti notavit Clemens Alexandrinus, I Strom., tum in institutis præsertimque in ablutionibus quotidianis et unctionibus, de quibus Strabo, lib. III, tum in constantia, robore et fortitudine bellica. Denique cum Nabuchodonosor obsedit Tyrum, multi incolarum profugerunt in Cyprum, Macedoniam Græciamque, ait S. Hieronymus in cap. xxiii Isaiæ. Idem fecisse Judæos obsessa ab eodem vicina Jerosolyma plane credibile est. Unde idem S. Hieronymus in epist. ad Ephesios Ephesum dictam asserit ab Hebræis חפץ « chephets, » id est voluntas, benevolentia. Atque hac de causa Spartæ multi degebant Judæi qui cum Spartiatis conjugia inibant.
12:23
23. Possessiones nostræ vestræ sunt, et vestræ nostræ: — formula est loquendi significandique se esse amicos, q. d. Spartiatæ sunt amici Judæorum, ideoque possessiones suas eis offerunt, et possessiones ipsorum suas æstimant; amicorum enim omnia sunt communia. Addit Josephus litteras has Spartiatarum obsignatas fuisse proprio urbis eorum sigillo, quod erat signum aquilæ quæ unguibus tenebat draconem.
12:24
24. REGRESSI SUNT PRINCIPES DEMETRII CUM EXERCITU MULTO SUPRA QUAM PRIUS, — id est, multo majore quam prius fuerat, ut dedecus fugæ præcedentis abolerent, Jonathamque validius oppugnarent. 24. ET OCCURRIT EIS IN AMATHITE REGIONE. — Regio hæc est pars Syriæ et confinis, imo terminus Judææ, ut patet III Reg. viii, 65; et lib. IV, cap. xiv, vers. 45, sita est juxta Libanum et Damascum. Tota ergo hæc regio dicitur Amath, vel Emath, aut Hamath, vel Hemath, indeque Amathites, vel Hemathites. Prudenter hoc fecit Jonathas, ut extra Judæam suam in Syria cum hostibus confligeret. Militare enim præceptum est cum hoste confligendum esse in terra non propria, sed hostili, ut illam, non tuam vastes. Sic Scipio sub idem hoc tempus noluit confligere cum Annibale in Italia; sed trajecit in Africam, eoque avocavit Annibalem, ac tandem Carthaginem ipsam expugnavit.
12:28
28. ET ACCENDERUNT FOCOS IN CASTRIS SUIS, — ut simularent Demetriani se in castris degere et vigilare, non vero fugere, ne si Jonathas adverteret eos fugere, fugientes insequeretur. Idem fecit Annibal focorum excitatione fallens Romanos sua castra cingentes, et ex eorum manibus elabens.
12:36
36. COGITAVIT JONATHAS EXALTARE ALTITUDINEM INTER MEDIUM ARCIS ET CIVITATIS, UT SEPARARET EAM A CIVITATE, UT ESSET IPSA SINGULARITER, ET NEQUE EMANT, NEQUE VENDANT. — Jonathas, videns arcem Sion a Demetrianis insessam ob munitionem ægre a se posse expugnari, erexit murum altum inter arcem et urbem Jerusalem, eoque seclusit arcem ab urbe ut ipsa esset singularis, id est solitaria, nec ullum haberet cum urbe commercium, adeoque potestatem sua vendendi et emendi in urbe eis ademit; qua ratione eos ad tantam famem adegit, ut cogerentur se dedere, ut patebit capite sequenti, vers. 49 et 50.
12:39
39. ET CUM COGITASSET TRYPHON REGNARE (dominari) ASIÆ, — nimirum facere se regem Asiæ, occiso Antiocho rege pupillo, cujus ipse erat tutor.
12:40
40. Et exsurgens abiit in Bethsan quæ postea Scythopolis est dicta, sitaque juxta Tyberiadem.
12:45
45. VENI MECUM PTOLEMAIDAM, ET TRADAM EAM TIBI. — Hæc enim civitas confinis erat Judææ, ideoque a Demetrio promissa fuerat Jonathæ, cap. x, vers. 39. Vide hic perfidiam, dolum et insidias Tryphonis.
12:46
46. ET CREDIDIT EI. — Nimis facile Jonathas vir simplicis candidique animi credidit versipelli et perfido Tryphoni; quare temere dimisit exercitum, ideoque captus ab eo et occisus est.
12:51
51. VIDENTES HI QUI INSECUTI FUERANT (milites Tryphonis), QUIA PRO ANIMA RES EST ILLIS (id est quod Judæi pro vita sua pugnaturi sint usque ad mortem), REVERSI SUNT; — nam cum desperatis, aut animo resolutis, qui scilicet aut vincere, aut mori decreverunt, periculosissime pugnatur, nec nisi cum certo magnæ cladis accipiendæ discrimine, uti docent Vegetius et Julius Frontinus, lib. II De Stratagemmatibus, cap. vi, cujus titulus est: De mittendo hoste, ne clausus prælium ex desperatione redintegret, ubi idipsum multis exemplis confirmat. « L. Marius, inquit, cui, duobus Scipionibus occisis, exercitus imperium detulit, cum circumventi ab eo Pœni, ne inulti morerentur, acrius pugnarent, laxatis manipulis, et concesso fugæ spatio, dissipatos sine periculo suorum trucidavit. C. Cæsar Germanos inclusos, ex desperatione fortius pugnantes, emitti jussit, fugientesque aggressus est. Annibal, cum ad Trasimenum inclusi Germani acerrime pugnarent, deductis ordinibus fecit eis abunde potestatem, euntesque sine suorum sanguine stravit. Antigonus rex Macedonum Ætolis, qui in obsidionem ab eo compulsi fame urgebantur, statuerantque eruptione facta commori, viam fugæ dedit, atque ita infracto impetu eorum, insecutos, aversos cecidit. Themistocles, victo Xerxe, volentes suos pontem rumpere prohibuit, cum docuisset potius esse eum expelli ex Europa, quam cogi ex desperatione pugnare. Idem misit ad eum, qui indicaret in quo periculo esset, nisi fugam maturaret. » Vide dicta II Reg. 11, 26, ad illa: « An ignoras quod periculosa sit desperatio. » Nota hæc omnia fusius narrari a Josepho, Appiano et Justino, lib. XXXV et XXXVI, in quibus tamen nonnulla sunt quæ a narratione S. Scripturæ hoc loco dissentiunt, in quibus proinde plane fides vacillat. Atque ut videas quam Gentiles Judæis infensi eorum res vel ignorarint, vel depravarint, Justinus citato libro XXXVI, ita de Judæis scribit: « Fuit Judæis origo Damascena, quæ Syriæ nobilissima civitas est; unde et Syriis a regibus genus ex regina Semiramide fuit. Nomen urbi a Damasco rege inditum; in cujus honore, Syrii sepulcrum Arathis uxoris ejus pro templo coluere, deamque exinde sanctissimæ religionis habent. Post Damascum Abraham, Moses, Israel reges fuere. Sed Israelem felix decem filiorum proventus majoribus suis clariorem fecit. Itaque populum in decem regna divisum filiis tradidit omnesque ex nomine Judæ, qui post divisionem decesserat, Judæos appellavit, colique ejus memoriam ab omnibus jussit; » ubi plures vides errores et figmenta quam sententias. sed falsiora his subjicit dicens Joseph filium Jacob fuisse magnum, additque: « Filius ejus (Josephi) fuit Moses, quem etiam præter paternæ scientiæ hæreditatem formæ pulchritudo commendabat. Sed cum scabiem Ægyptii et pruriginem paterentur, responso moniti eum cum ægris, ne pestis ad plures serperet, terminis Ægypti pellunt. Dux igitur exulum factus, sacra Ægyptiorum furto abstulit, quæ repetentes armis Ægyptii, domum redire tempestatibus compulsi sunt. » Et non multis interjectis: « Et quoniam metu contagionis pulsos se ab Ægypto meminerant, ne eadem causa invisi apud incolas forent, caverunt ne cum peregrinis communicarent; quod ex causa factum, paulatim in disciplinam religionemque convertit. Post Mosen etiam ejus filius Aruas, sacerdos sacris Ægyptiis, mox rex creatur, semperque exinde hic mos apud Judæos fuit, ut eosdem et reges et sacerdotes haberent; quorum justitia religione permixta, incredibile quantum coaluere. » Quid hisce mendaciis agglomeratis et condensatis falsius dici potest?
12:1
… indirettamente in I Mach. 1, 11; 7, 1, e direttamente nel racconto dell'alleanza richiesta (161 a. C.) da Giuda Maccabeo per difendersi dall'aggressione sira (I Mach. 8, 1-32; II Mach. 4, 11), rinnovata poi (nel 144 a. C.) da Gionata fratello di lui (I Mach. 12, 1-4.16). R. si associò al lutto degli Ebrei per la morte di Gionata e riconfermò l'amicizia con il fratello di lui Simone (I Mach. 14, 16-19.24.40; 15; 15-24). Ma, con i suoi interventi …
SPARTANI. - Nei libri dei Maccabei si legge con sorpresa che Giudei e S. si consideravano « fratelli ». In II Mach. 5, 9 si accenna appena ad una relazione amichevole, mentre in I Mach. 12, 1-23; 14, 20-23 si parla di una vera alleanza conchiusa da Ionathan (v.) e rinnovata dal fratello Simone (v.). …
12:5
MACCABEI (GR. ΜΑΚΚΑΒΑΙ͂ΟΙ, VOLG. MACHABAEI)
… sommo sacerdote, probabilmente la biblioteca di Neemia, dove, secondo II Mach. 3, 13, erano conservate le lettere dei re di Persia, e donde può avere desunto gli undici documenti ufficiali, che inserisce nella narrazione: lettere fra i capi di Stato (I Mach. 12,5; 14,20), indulti di re (ibid. 10, 17; 11, 30; 13, 36; 15,2), trattati di alleanza (ibid. 8,22; 15, 16), plebisciti (ibid. 14, 27). L'integrità del libro è ormai fuori di dubbio. …
12:6
… propriamente detta ebbero luogo (I Mach. 12, 20-23) sotto il re di Sparta Areios I (309-265 a. C.) e il sommo sacerdote Onia I (325-300) o II (ca. il 265). Ionathan Maccabeo (168-142 a. C.) si richiama a un'antichissima parentela tra Spartani e Giudei (I Mach. 12, 6, 21; 14, 20; cf. II Mach. 5, 9, e Fl. Giuseppe, Antiq. …
SINEDRIO (ΣΥΝΈΔΡΙΟΝ « ASSEMBLEA »)
… Per il tempo antecedente se ne trovano tracce sicure solo nei libri dei Maccabei (I Mach. 11, 23; 12, 6; 14, 28; II Mach. 1, 10; 4, 44; 11, 27). Ciò permette di concludere che il s. si costituì al tempo dei Seleucidi (v.) o poco prima. …
12:19
… Iezrabel) con le spentesi del d. Al tempo degli Asmonei e di Erode era detta semplicemente « la grande pianura » (I Mach. 12, 19; Flavio Giuseppe, Bell. …
12:20
Le prime relazioni politiche tra Giudei e abitanti della G. propriamente detta ebbero luogo (I Mach. 12, 20-23) sotto il re di Sparta Areios I (309-265 a. C.) e il sommo sacerdote Onia I (325-300) o II (ca. il 265). Ionathan Maccabeo (168-142 a. C.) si richiama a un'antichissima parentela tra …
12:24
… Questi costituì Gionata generale della regione; ma, dopo catturato Demetrio II dai Parti, a Telemade uccise Gionata a tradimento (143 a. C.). Ritornato in Siria, Trifone uccise il giovane re A., suo pupillo, con la complicità dei medici (I Mach. 11, 39-74; 12, 24-13, 32; Diodoro, XXXII, 4; Flavio Giuseppe, Antiq. …
… di Trifone, D. fu sostenuto dai Giudei, che in Antiochia lo salvarono dalla folla insorta (I Mach. 11, 44-51). Ma D. venne meno alle promesse fatte e Gionata passò a sostenere Antioco VI e Trifone; combatté contro i generali di D. (I Mach. 11, 52-74; 12, 24-34). Ma, tradito ed ucciso Gionata da Trifone, Simone, ultimo dei fratelli Maccabei, sostenne di nuovo D., il quale concesse alla Giudea la più piena autonomia (142). …
12:25
nadad II re di Damasco e Achab re di Israele contro Salmanessar III, ma alla fine fu ridotta in provincia asira da Sargon II e i suoi abitanti furono condotti coloni in Samaria (II Reg. 17, 24; 18, 34; 19, 13). Dopo ciò la storia della «regione di E.» (I Mach. 12, 25) si confonde con quella generale della Siria. …
12:31
… Nei libri dei Maccabei indica il regno dei Seleucidi: il primo a cui troviamo attribuito il titolo di «re d'Asia» è Antioco III (223-187 a. C.: I Mach. 8, 6) e dopo di lui lo ricevono anche i successori (ibid. 11, 13; 12, 31; 13, 32; II Mach. 3, 3), benché con Antioco III il regno seleucide conservasse, delle province asiatiche di Alessandro Magno, solo la Siria e la Cilicia.
12:33
GIAFFA (EBR. JĀPHŌ, GR. 'ΙΥ̓́ΠΠΗΙ, AR. JĀFĀ «LA BELLA»)
… occorrente per la ricostruzione di Zorobabel (Eid. 3, 7). Da G. salpò Giona profeta verso Tharsis (Ios. 1, 3). La città, dopo aver subito la sovranità degli Assiri, dei Sidoni e dei Greci, fu nel 142 conquistata dai Maccabei (I Mach. 10, 75; 11, 6; 12, 33), ma nel 66 fu da Pompeo incorporata alla provincia di Siria. …
12:35
ACRA (AKRA: GR. 'ἌΓΞΑ' «FORTEZZA»)
… Dopo vari tentativi dei primi due Maccabei, Giuda (I Mach. 6, 19) e Gionata (ibid. 11, 20-22; 41; 12, 35-37), solo Simone riuscì ad occuparla nel 142 (ibid. 13, 49-52), coronando così l'opera maccabeica della liberazione dall'aborrito giogo seleucida. …
12:39
… Verso il 141 T., che ambiva di sostituirsi direttamente al fanciullo Antioco VI, assumendo il titolo di re, si impossessò con uno stratagemma di Ionathan (ibid. 12, 39-48) in Tolemaide; quindi, poco dopo, marcò contro Simone, ricattandolo con la promessa della liberazione del prigioniero; ma, ottenuto il denaro, uccise Ionathan (ibid. 13, 12-30).
12:45
niero e vi trovò la morte (I Mach. 10, 39.56.60; 11,22.26; 12,45). Ne tentò la conquista Alessandro Ianneo nel 103 a. C.; ma desisté dall'assedio per timore di Tolomeo III. Per breve tempo occupata da Tigrane d'Armenia, incorporata nel 47 a. C. …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.