Jonathan renews his league with the Romans and Lacedemonians. The forces of Demetrius flee away from him. He is deceived and made prisoner by Tryphon.
Ionathas confirmeth league with the Romanes, and Spartiates, by letters: 19. with mention of letters receiued before, 24. By diligent guard he defendeth the countrie from the enimies inuasions, putting them to flight. 31. subdueth the Arabians, and returneth by Damascus. (33. Simon prospering in other places.) fortifieth Ierusalem, 39. Finally is deceiued by Tryphon. 48. and al his men are slaine.
1And Jonathan saw that the time served him, and he chose certain men, and sent them to Rome, to confirm and to renew the amity with them:E Gionata vedendo, che il tempo era favorevole, elesse deputati per mandargli a Roma a stabilire e rinnovar l'amicizia.AND Ionathas saw that the time helped him, he chose men and sent them to Rome, to establish and to renew amitie with them:Et vidit Jonathas quia tempus eum juvat, et elegit viros, et misit eos Romam statuere et renovare cum eis amicitiam: 2And he sent letters to the Spartans, and to other places, according to the same form.Similmente agli Sparziati e ad altri potentati scrisse lettere dello stesso tenore.and to the Spartiats, and to other places he sent epistles according to the same tenure.et ad Spartiatas, et ad alia loca misit epistolas secundum eamdem formam: 3And they went to Rome, and entered into the senate house, and said: Jonathan, the high priest, and the nation of the Jews, have sent us to renew the amity, and alliance, as it was before.E quegli andarono a Roma, ed entrati nella Curia, dissero: Gionata sommo Sacerdote e la nazione dei Giudei ci hanno mandati a rinnovare l'amicizia e la confederazione, quale ella è stata per la passato.And they went to Rome, and entered into the court, and sayd: Ionathas the hight priest, and the nation of the Iewes haue sent vs to renew the amitie, and societie according as before.et abierunt Romam, et intraverunt curiam, et dixerunt: Jonathas summus sacerdos, et gens Judæorum miserunt nos, ut renovaremus amicitiam et societatem secundum pristinum. 4And they gave them letters to their governors in every place, to conduct them into the land of Juda with peace.E (i Romani) diedero ad essi lettere pe' loro presidi d'un luogo all'altro, affinché li facesser condurre con sicurezza nella terra di Giuda.And they gaue them epistles vnto them by place and place, to conduct them into the land of Iuda with peace.Et dederunt illis epistolas ad ipsos per loca, ut deducerent eos in terram Juda cum pace. 5And this is a copy of the letters which Jonathan wrote to the Spartans:Or ecco la copia della lettera scritta da Gionata agli Sparziati:And this is a copie of the epistles which Ionathas wrote to the Spartiats:Et hoc est exemplum epistolarum, quas scripsit Jonathas Spartiatis: 6Jonathan, the high priest, and the ancients of the nation, and the priests, and the rest of the people of the Jews, to the Spartans, their brethren, greeting.Gionata sommo Sacerdote e i seniori della nazione e i sacerdoti e tutto il popolo dei Giudei, agli Sparziati fratelli, salute.IONATHAS the high priest, and the ancients of the nation, and the priests, and the rest of the people of the Iewes, to the Spartiats their bretheren greeting.Jonathas summus sacerdos, et seniores gentis, et sacerdotes, et reliquus populus Judæorum, Spartiatis fratribus salutem.
7There were letters sent long ago to Onias the high priest, from Arius, who reigned then among you to signify that you are our brethren, as the copy here underwritten doth specify.È già tempo, che fu scritta lettera da Ario, che regnava tra voi a Onia sommo Sacerdote, nella quale si dicea come voi siete nostri fratelli, come lo dimostra la copia, che qui sotto si riferirà.Long agoe were epistles sent to Onias the high priest from Arius who reigned with you, that you are our bretheren, as the writing conteyneth, that here beneath foloweth.Jampridem missæ erant epistolæ ad Oniam summum sacerdotem ab Ario, qui regnabat apud vos, quoniam estis fratres nostri, sicut rescriptum continet, quod subjectum est. 8And Onias received the ambassador with honour and received the letters, wherein there was mention made of the alliance, and amity.E Onia accolse onorevolmente il messo e le lettere, nelle quali si trattava di fare amicizia e confederazione.And Onias receiued the man; that was sent, with honour: and he receiued the epistles, where in there was signification of the societie, and amitie.Et suscepit Onias virum, qui missus fuerat, cum honore: et accepit epistolas, in quibus significabatur de societate et amicitia. 9We, though we needed none of these things having for our comfort the holy books that are in our hands,Noi non avendo bisogno di nissuna di queste cose, perchè abbiamo per nostra consolazione i libri santi a che sono nelle nostre mani,We wheras we neded none of these hauing for our comfort the holie bookes, that are in our handes,Nos cum nullo horum indigeremus, habentes solatio sanctos libros, qui sunt in manibus nostris, 10Chose rather to send to you to renew the brotherhood and friendship, lest we should become strangers to you altogether: for there is a long time passed since you sent to us.Abbiam voluto nulladimeno mandar a voi deputati per rinovellare la fraternità e l'amicizia, affinché non accada, che noi diventiamo stranieri a voi; perocchè gran tempo è trascorso dopo che voi mandaste a visitarci.chose rather to send vnto you to renew the fraternitie, lest perhaps we be made aliens from you: for much time is passed, since you sent to vs.maluimus mittere ad vos renovare fraternitatem et amicitiam, ne forte alieni efficiamur a vobis: multa enim tempora transierunt, ex quo misistis ad nos. 11We, therefore, at all times without ceasing, both in our festivals, and other days wherein it is convenient, remember you in the sacrifices that we offer, and in our observances, as it is meet and becoming to remember brethren.Noi però in ogni tempo non abbiam mai tralasciato nè giorni solenni e negli altri tempi quando convien di farlo, di far commemorazione di voi nè sacrifizj; che da noi sono offerti, e nelle orazioni, come è giusto e convenevole di aver memoria de' fratelli.We therfore at al time without intermission in the solenne dayes, and the rest where in we should, are mindful of you in the sacrifices, that we offer, and in the obseruances, as it is meete, and becometh to remember bretheren.Nos ergo in omni tempore sine intermissione in diebus solemnibus, et ceteris, quibus oportet, memores sumus vestri in sacrificiis quæ offerimus, et in observationibus, sicut fas est, et decet meminisse fratrum.
12And we rejoice at your glory.Or noi ci rallegriamo della vostra gloria.We reioyce therfore of your glorie.Lætamur itaque de gloria vestra. 13But we have had many troubles and wars on every side; and the kings that are round about us have fought against us.Ma noi siamo stati circondati da molte tribolazioni e guerre; e i re circonvicini ci hanno vessati.But manie tribulations haue compassed vs, and manie battels, and the kinges that are round about vs, haue impugned vs.Nos autem circumdederunt multæ tribulationes, et multa prælia, et impugnaverunt nos reges qui sunt in circuitu nostro. 14But we would not be troublesome to you, nor to the rest of our allies and friends, in these wars.Noi adunque non abbiam voluto in queste guerre recar molestia a voi, né agli altri confederati e amici nostri:We therfore would not be trublesome to you, nor to the rest our felowes and freindes in these battels.Noluimus ergo vobis molesti esse, neque ceteris sociis et amicis nostris in his præliis: 15For we have had help from heaven, and we have been delivered, and our enemies are humbled.Perocchè noi abbiam ricevuto soccorso dal cielo, e siamo stati liberati, e son rimasi svergognati i nostri nemici.For we haue had ayde from heauen, and we are deliuered, and our enemies are humbled.habuimus enim de cælo auxilium, et liberati sumus nos, et humiliati sunt inimici nostri. 16We have chosen, therefore, Numenius the son of Antiochus, and Antipater, the son of Jason, and have sent them to the Romans, to renew with them the former amity and alliance.Ma avendo noi eletto Numenio figliuolo' di Antioco, e Antipatro figliuolo di Giasone per mandargli ai Romani a rinnovar con essi l'amicizia e la confederazione antica,We haue chosen therfore Numenius the sonne of Antiochus, and Autipater the sonne of Iason, and haue sent to the Romanes to renew with them the old amitie and societie.Elegimus itaque Numenium Antiochi filium, et Antipatrem Jasonis filium, et misimus ad Romanos renovare cum eis amicitiam et societatem pristinam. 17And we have commanded them to go also to you, and salute you, and to deliver you our letters, concerning the renewing of our brotherhood.Abbiam data ad essi commissione di venir anche da voi a salutarvi, e a portarvi questa nostra lettera, che ha per fine di rinnovellare la nostra fraternità.We therfore haue commanded them that they come vnto you also, & salute you, and deliuer you our epistles, concerning the renewing of our fraternitie.Mandavimus itaque eis ut veniant etiam ad vos, et salutent vos, et reddant vobis epistolas nostras de innovatione fraternitatis nostræ. 18And now you shall do well to give us an answer hereto.Or voi ben farete rispondendo a noi sopra tali cose.And now you shal doe wel in answering vs to these thinges.Et nunc benefacietis respondentes nobis ad hæc.
19And this is the copy of the letter which he had sent to Onias:E questa è la copia della lettera scritta ad Onia:And this is the rescript of the epistles, which he had sent to Onias:Et hoc est rescriptum epistolarum quod miserat Oniæ: 20Arius, king of the Spartans, to Onias, the high priest, greeting.Ario re degli Sparziati, ad Onia sommo Sacerdote, salute.ARIVS the king of the Spartians to Onias the grand priest greeting.Arius rex Spartiatarum Oniæ sacerdoti magno salutem. 21It is found in writing concerning the Spartans, and the Jews, that they are brethren, and that they are of the stock of Abraham.Si è trovato in certa scrittura, che gli sparziati e i Giudei sono fratelli, e sono della stirpe d'Abramo.It is found in scripture of the Spartians, and the Iewes that they are bretheren, & that they are of the stocke of Abraham.Inventum est in scriptura de Spartiatis, et Judæis, quoniam sunt fratres, et quod sunt de genere Abraham. 22And now since this is come to our knowledge, you do well to write to us of your prosperity.Or dacchè noi abbiamo scoperta tal cosa, voi farete bene a scriverci, se siate in pace.And now since we vnderstood these thinges, you doe wel in writing to vs of your peace.Et nunc ex quo hæc cognovimus, benefacitis scribentes nobis de pace vestra. 23And we also have written back to you, That our cattle, and our possessions, are yours: and yours, ours. We, therefore, have commanded that these things should be told you.E noi pure scriviamo a voi: I nostri bestiami e le nostre possessioni sono vostre, e nostre sono le vostre: queste cose adunque abbiamo dato commissione di far sapere a voi.Yea and we haue writen agayne to you, Our cattel, & our possessions, are yours: and yours, ours. We therfore haue commanded that these thinges be told you.Sed et nos rescripsimus vobis: Pecora nostra, et possessiones nostræ, vestræ sunt: et vestræ, nostræ: mandavimus itaque hæc nuntiari vobis. 24Now Jonathan heard that the generals of Demetrius were come again with a greater army than before to fight against him.Or Gionata seppe come i capitani di Demetrio eran tornati con esercito maggior di prima per assalirlo:And Ionathas heard that the princes of Demetrius were come agayne with a great armie more then before to fight against him.Et audivit Jonathas quoniam regressi sunt principes Demetrii cum exercitu multo supra quam prius, pugnare adversus eum: 25So he went out from Jerusalem, and met them in the land of Amath: for he gave them no time to enter into his country.Ed egli parti da Gerusalemme, e andò ad incontrarti nel paese di Amath; perocchè non avea dato loro il tempo di metter piede nel suo paese.And he went out from Ierusalem, aud mette them in the countrie of Amathis: for he gaue them not space to enter into his countrie.et exiit ab Jerusalem, et occurrit eis in Amathite regione: non enim dederat eis spatium ut ingrederentur regionem ejus.
26And he sent spies into their camp, and they came back, and brought him word that they designed to come upon them in the night.E mandò delle spie nel loro campo, le quali tornarono a dirgli, che quelli avean risoluto di coglierlo all'improvviso quella notte.And he sent spies into their campe, & they returning reported that they appointed to come vpon them in the night.Et misit speculatores in castra eorum: et reversi renuntiaverunt quod constituunt supervenire illis nocte. 27And when the sun was set, Jonathan commanded his men to watch, and to be in arms all night long ready to fight, and he set sentinels round about the camp.Or tramontata che fu il sole, Gionata ordinò ai suoi di vegliare, e di stare coll'armi in ordine per la battaglia tutta la notte, e pose sentinelle intorno al quartiere.And when the sunne was set, Ionathas cammanded his men to watch, and to be in armour readie to fight al night, & he set watchmen round about the campe.Cum occidisset autem sol, præcepit Jonathas suis vigilare, et esse in armis paratos ad pugnam tota nocte: et posuit custodes per circuitum castrorum. 28And the enemies heard that Jonathan and his men were ready for battle: and they were struck with fear and dread in their heart: and they kindled fires in their camp.Ma i nemici avendo risaputo come Giornata era colla sua gente in ordine per la battaglia, ebber timore, e perderon coraggio, e acceser de' fuochi nel loro campo.And the aduersaries heard that Ionathas with his companie was prepared to battel: & they feared, and were afrayd in their hart: and they kindled fyres in their campe.Et audierunt adversarii quod paratus est Jonathas cum suis in bello: et timuerunt, et formidaverunt in corde suo: et accenderunt focos in castris suis. 29But Jonathan, and they that were with him, knew it not till the morning: for they saw the lights burning.E Gionata e i suoi non si accorsero del fatto fino alla mattina, veggendo quei fuochi accesi:But Ionathas, and they that were with him, knew it not til the morning: and they saw light burning,Jonathas autem, et qui cum eo erant, non cognoverunt usque mane: videbant autem luminaria ardentia, 30And Jonathan pursued after them, but overtook them not: for they had passed the river Eleutherus.E Gionata andò dietro ad essi, e non li raggiunse; perocchè avean passato il fiume Eleuthero.and Ionathas folowed them, and ouertooke them not: for they had passed the riuer Eleutherus.et secutus est eos Jonathas, et non comprehendit eos: transierant enim flumen Eleutherum. 31And Jonathan turned upon the Arabians, that are called Zabadeans: and he defeated them, and took the spoils of them.E Gionata piegò verso gli Arabi detti Zabadei, e gli sconfisse, e prese le loro spoglie.And Ionathas turned aside to the Arabians, that were called Zabadeans: and he stroke them, and tooke the spoiles of them.Et divertit Jonathas ad Arabas, qui vocantur Zabadæi: et percussit eos, et accepit spolia eorum.
32And he went forward, and came to Damascus, and passed through all that country.E riuniti i suoi andò a Damasco, e andava attorno per tutto quel paese.And he ioyned, and came to Damascus, and walked through al that countrie.Et junxit, et venit Damascum, et perambulabat omnem regionem illam. 33Simon also went forth, and came as far as Ascalon, and the neighbouring fortresses, and he turned aside to Joppe, and took possession of it,E Simone partì, e andò fino ad Ascalon e alle vicine fortezze; e si voltò verso Joppe, e la occupò.But Simon went forth, and came euen to Ascalon, and to the next holdes, and he declined into Ioppe, and tooke it. (Simon autem exiit, et venit usque ad Ascalonem, et ad proxima præsidia: et declinavit in Joppen, et occupavit eam 34(For he heard that they designed to deliver the hold to them that took part with Demetrius) and he put a garrison there to keep it.Perocchè aveva inteso come quelli volevano rimettere la fortezza alle genti di Demetrio: ond'egli vi mise presidio, che la custodisse.For he heard that they would deliuer the hold to Demetrius part) and he put a garrison there to keepe it.(audivit enim quod vellent præsidium tradere partibus Demetrii), et posuit ibi custodes ut custodirent eam. 35And Jonathan came back, and called together the ancients of the people; and he took a resolution with them to build fortresses in Judea,E Gionata al suo ritorno convocò i seniori del popolo, e risolvè con essi di fabbricare delle cittadella nella Giudea,And Ionathas returned, & called together the ancients of the people, and he consulted with them to build fortresses in Iurie,Et reversus est Jonathas, et convocavit seniores populi, et cogitavit cum eis ædificare præsidia in Judæa, 36And to build up walls in Jerusalem, and raise a mount between the castle and the city, to separate it from the city, that so it might have no communication, and that they might neither buy nor sell.E di riedificare le mura di Gerusalemme, e di alzare un muro altissimo in mezzo tralla cittadella e la città per separar quella dalla città, affinché restasse isolata, e quelli non potessero nè comprare, nè vendere:and to build the walles in Ierusalem, and to reate a mount of a great height betwen the castel and the citie, to separate it from the citie, that it might be alone, and they might neither bye nor sel:et ædificare muros in Jerusalem, et exaltare altitudinem magnam inter medium arcis et civitatis, ut separaret eam a civitate, ut esset ipsa singulariter, et neque emant, neque vendant.
37And they came together to build up the city: for the wall that was upon the brook, towards the east, was broken down, and he repaired that which is called Caphetetha:E si adunò la gente per fabbricare attorno alla città; e cadde la muraglia, che era lungo il torrente da levante: ed egli ristorò il muro chiamato Caphetetha:And they came together to build the citie: and the wal fel that was vpon the torrent toward the rising of the sunne, and he repayred it, which is called Caphetetha:Et convenerunt ut ædificarent civitatem: et cecidit murus qui erat super torrentem ab ortu solis, et reparavit eum, qui vocatur Caphetetha: 38And Simon built Adiada in Sephela, and fortified it, and set up gates and bars.E Simone fabbricò, Adiada in Sephela, e la fortificò e vi pose le porte e le sbarre.and Simon built Adiada in Sephela, and fortified it, & hanged on gates aud lockes.et Simon ædificavit Adiada in Sephela, et munivit eam, et imposuit portas et seras. 39Now when Tryphon had conceived a design to make himself king of Asia and to take the crown, and to stretch out his hand against king Antiochus:Ma Trifone avendo disegnato di farsi re dell'Asia, e di prendere il diadema, e di porre le mani addosso al re Antioco:And when Tryphon had purposed to reigne ouer Asia, and to take the crowne & to extend his hand against Antiochus the king:Et cum cogitasset Tryphon regnare Asiæ, et assumere diadema, et extendere manum in Antiochum regem: 40Fearing lest Jonathan would not suffer him, but would fight against him: he sought to seize upon him, and to kill him. So he rose up and came to Bethsan.Temendo, che Gionata non gli fosse di ostacolo, e anzi gli facesse guerra, cercava di averlo nelle mani e ucciderlo: quindi si mosse, e andò a Bethsan.fearing lest perhaps Ionathas would not permit him, but would fight against him: he sought to take him: & to kil him. And rising vp he went into Bethsan.timens ne forte non permitteret eum Jonathas, sed pugnaret adversus eum, quærebat comprehendere eum, et occidere. Et exsurgens abiit in Bethsan. 41And Jonathan went out to meet him with forty thousand men chosen for battle, and came to Bethsan.E Gionata gli andò incontro con quaranta mila guerrieri scelti, e giunse a Bethsan.And Ionathas went forth to meete him with fourtie thousand chosen men into battel, and came to Bethsam.Et exivit Jonathas obviam illi cum quadraginta millibus virorum electorum in prælium, et venit Bethsan. 42Now when Tryphon saw that Jonathan came with a great army, he durst not stretch forth his hand against him.Ma veggendo Trifone, che Gionata era venuto con grosso esercito per assalirlo, ebbe paura.And Tryphon saw that Ionathas came with a great armie, to extend his handes vpon him: and he feared:Et vidit Tryphon quia venit Jonathas cum exercitu multo ut extenderet in eum manus: timuit,
43But received him with honour, and commended him to all his friends, and gave him presents: and he commanded his troops to obey him, as himself.E lo accolse onorevolmente, e lo raccomandò a tutti i suoi amici, e gli fece dei regali, e ordinò ai suoi eserciti, che obbedissero a lui come a se stesso.and receiued him with honour, and commended him to al his freindes, and gaue him gifts: and he commanded his hosts to obey him, as him self.et excepit eum cum honore, et commendavit eum omnibus amicis suis, et dedit ei munera: et præcepit exercitibus suis ut obedirent ei, sicut sibi. 44And he said to Jonathan: Why hast thou troubled all the people, whereas we have no war?E disse a Gionata: Per qual motivo hai tu incomodata tutta la tua gente, mentre noi non abbiam guerra?And he sayd to sonathas: Why hast thou trubled al the people: wheras we haue no warre?Et dixit Jonathæ: Ut quid vexasti universum populum, cum bellum nobis non sit ? 45Now, therefore, send them back to their own houses: and choose thee a few men that may be with thee, and come with me to Ptolemais, and I will deliver it to thee, and the rest of the strong holds, and the army, and all that have any charge, and I will return and go away: for this is the cause of my coming.Or tu rimandagli alle case loro, e scegli un piccol numero d'uomini, che restin teco, e vieni meco a Tolemaide, e io te ne farò padrone, come degli altri presidj e delle milizie e di tutte le persone del governo, e me ne ritornerò in dietro; perocchè a questo fine son venuto.And now send them backe to their houses, but choose thee a few men, that may be with thee, and come with me to Prolemais, and I wil deliuer it to thee, and the other holdes, and the armie, and al the ouerseers of the affayres, and returning I wil depart: for therfore I came.et nunc remitte eos in domos suas: elige autem tibi viros paucos, qui tecum sint, et veni mecum Ptolemaidam, et tradam eam tibi, et reliqua præsidia, et exercitum, et universos præpositos negotii: et conversus abibo: propterea enim veni. 46And Jonathan believed him, and did as he said: and sent away his army, and they departed into the land of Juda:E quegli prestogli fede, e fece come egli avea detto; e licenziò i soldati, i quali se n'andarono nel paese di Giuda.And Ionathas beleued him, and did as he sayd: and dismissed his armie, and they departed into the land of Iuda:Et credidit ei, et fecit sicut dixit: et dimisit exercitum, et abierunt in terram Juda. 47But he kept with him three thousand men: of whom he sent two thousand into Galilee, and one thousand went with him.E ritenne seco tre mila uomini; dei quali ne rimando due mila nella Galilea, e mille andaron con lui.but he reteyned with him three thousand men: of whom he sent backe two thousand into Galilee, and a thousand came with him.Retinuit autem secum tria millia virorum: ex quibus remisit in Galilæam duo millia: mille autem venerunt cum eo.
48Now as soon as Jonathan entered into Ptolemais, they of Ptolemais shut the gates of the city, and took him: and all them that came in with him they slew with the sword.Ma appena ebbe Gionata messo il piede in Tolemaide, que' cittadini chiuser le porte della città, e lo fecero prigione, e messer a fil di spada tutti quelli che erano venuti dentro con lui.But as Ionathas entered into Prolemais, they of Ptolemais shut the gates of the citie: and they tooke him, and al that had entered with him they slew with the sword.Ut autem intravit Ptolemaidam Jonathas, clauserunt portas civitatis Ptolemenses, et comprehenderunt eum: et omnes qui cum eo intraverant, gladio interfecerunt. 49Then Tryphon sent an army and horsemen into Galilee, and into the great plain, to destroy all Jonathan’s company.E Trifone mandò un esercito e la cavalleria nella Galileo e nella pianura grande per isterminar tutti quelli che aveano accompagnato Gionata.And Tryphon sent an armie and horsemen into Galilee, and into the great playne to destroy al Ionathas felowes.Et misit Tryphon exercitum et equites in Galilæam et in campum magnum, ut perderent omnes socios Jonathæ. 50But they, when they understood that Jonathan, and all that were with him, were taken and slain, encouraged one another, and went out ready for battle.Ma quelli avendo saputo, come Gionata era stato preso, e messo a morte con tutti quelli che eran con lui, si esortarono gli uni gli altri, e si mossero pronti a venir alle mani.But they when they vnderstood that Ionathas was taken, and was perished, and al that were with him, they encouraged them selues, & went forth readie to battelAt illi cum cognovissent quia comprehensus est Jonathas, et periit, et omnes qui cum eo erant, hortati sunt semetipsos, et exierunt parati in prælium. 51Then they that had come after them, seeing that they stood for their lives, returned back.Or quelli che erano andati in traccia di essi, veggendoli disposti a far tutto per la loro vita, tornarono indietro:And these that had pursewed, seing that the matter stood vpon their life, they returned.Et videntes hi qui insecuti fuerant, quia pro anima res est illis, reversi sunt: 52Whereupon they all came peaceably into the land of Juda and they bewailed Jonathan, and them that had been with him, exceedingly: and Israel mourned with great lamentation.E quelli se ne tornarono tutti salvi nella Giudea: e piansero grandemente Gionata e i suoi compagni; e Israele meno gran duolo.But they came al with peace into the land of Iuda. And they lamented Ionathas, and them that were with him excedingly: and Israel mourned with great mourning.illi autem venerunt omnes cum pace in terram Juda. Et planxerunt Jonathan, et eos qui cum ipso fuerant, valde: et luxit Israël luctu magno.
53Then all the heathens that were round about them, sought to destroy them. For they said:E tutte le circonvicine nazioni cercavano di abbatterli; perocchè dicevano.And al the heathen that were round abour them, sought to destroy them. for they sayd:Et quæsierunt omnes gentes quæ erant in circuitu eorum conterere eos: dixerunt enim: 54They have no prince, nor any to help them: now therefore, let us make war upon them, and take away the memory of them from amongst men.Ei non han condottiero, ne chi gli aiuti: adesso pertanto sterminiamoli, e si cancelli il loro nome dalla memoria degli uomini.They haue no prince, and helper: now therfore let vs expugne them, and take away from men the memorie of them.Non habent principem et adjuvantem: nunc ergo expugnemus illos, et tollamus de hominibus memoriam eorum.
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Year of the World 3860.
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Worthington
Spartans. The city was also called Lacedemon and Theramne. (Worthington)
12:6
People. The Jewish state then greatly resembled those of Rome and of Sparta. The high priest and senate ruled, yet not without the participation of the people.
Calmet
Brethren, proceeding from the same stock. This was the received opinion in both countries, though without foundation, that we can discover. (Calmet, Diss.)
Haydock
The proofs might be known to those who were more concerned. (Haydock)
12:7
Year of the World 3817, Year before Christ 187.
Onias the third, between the years [of the world] 3805 and 3829.
Josephus
Arius. Greek and Syriac erroneously write, Darius. See ver. 20. (Josephus, Antiquities 12:5.)
12:9
Things; the letters of Arius, as the sacred books testified the same. (Greek; Josephus; Grotius)
This sense appears to be the most natural; or we are not interested in making the present application.
12:11
Observances. Greek, Syriac, "supplications." The Vulgate had probably at first, obsecrationibus. The Jews prayed for their allies, etc., to beg for their temporal prosperity, and for their conversion, 1 Machabees 7:33.
12:13
Calmet
Kings. Ever since the time of Onias, wars had been waged against Epiphanes, Eupator, Soter, and Nicator. (Calmet)
12:19
Worthington
Letter. Arius wrote before Onias, though the letter be placed later. (Worthington)
Calmet
Josephus give it rather in different words. The answer to Jonathan was sent to Simon, the year [of the world] 3861., 1 Machabees 14:22. (Calmet)
12:21
Worthington
Spartans. They had probably some old genealogies. (Jos.[Josephus?, Antiquities?] 12:5., and 13:9.) (Worthington)
Salien
Yet they might not be true. Few nations can ascertain their origin; and most run into fabulous accounts, if we except the Jews. (Calmet) See ver. 6. (Haydock) (Salien, the year [of the world] 3821.)
Menochius
There is nothing certain. (Rep. Heb. 1:2.) (Menochius)
12:23
Calmet
Back. It would hence appear that the Jews wrote first which does not seem to be the case from Josephus, etc. (Calmet)
12:24
Calmet
Demetrius. He resided at Laodicea, feasting, (Diodorus) while his generals attempted to detach Jonathas from Antiochus, but without success. They fled at his approach beyond the river Eleutherus, from which Laodicea was not remote. (Calmet)
12:29
Menochius
Burning. They had been left to conceal the flight. (Menochius)
Haydock
Grabe supplies, "and they departed," at the end of ver. 28. (Haydock)
12:31
Calmet
Zabadeans. No nation of this name is known; whence most people read "Nabatheans," after Josephus. They had been allies of the Jews, but perhaps took part with Demetrius. (Calmet)
12:33
Menochius
Of it, as it was designing to revolt. Jonathas had possession before, 1 Machabees 10:73. (Menochius)
12:35
Year of the World 3860.
12:36
Calmet
Mount. Literally, "height," (Haydock) or wall, to prevent the garrison from receiving supplies. (Calmet)
12:37
Haydock
For. Greek, "he approached," which Grabe substitutes instead of "was fallen down." (Haydock)
12:38
Calmet
Adiada, or Addus, (chap. 13:13.) in the plain west of the mountains of Juda. (Calmet)
12:39
Year of the World 3861.
Worthington
Tryphon. In a moral sense, Tryphon represents the practice of the devil, who seeks first to deceive pastors. For, as St. Gregory (hom. xxxviii.) teaches, if the pastor's life be corrupt, his doctrine will be contemned. (Worthington)
12:40
Bethsan, or Scythopolis, below the lake of Genesareth. Tryphon was not content with governing under the young Antiochus. He was afraid lest Jonathas should oppose his measures, (Calmet) knowing that he was a man of probity, to whom the king had shewn favour.
12:49
Plain of Esdrelon, or Mageddo, (Menochius) styled also the vale of Jezrahel, and perhaps Arboth, 1 Machabees 5:23, and 9:2.
12:50
Calmet
Slain. So it was reported, though falsely. (Calmet)
12:2
Sparta the chief citie of Lacedemonia called also Lacedemon, and Theramne.
12:6
Spartians otherwise called Lacedemonians (by Iosephus and other vvriters) descended from Abraham, v. 21. and vvere in great league vvith the Ievves.
12:19
The Spartianes had written this epistle before Onias vvritte to thē, though it be here placed after.
12:21
There remained vvith the Spartiates old vvrites of genealogies, as Iosephus supposeth. li. 12. c. 5. & li. 13. c. 9.
12:39
Morally in Tryphon is noted the practise of the diuel: vvho intending to ouerthrovv a king or a kingdom first seeketh to deceiue the pastores, and to destroy them: especially by error or other sinne. For (as S. Gregorie teacheth. ho. 38.) if the pastors life be corrupted, his doctrine vvil be contemned.
12:2
2. And to the Spartans,—the inhabitants of Sparta, who are also called Lacones or Lacedaemonians, and were the descendants of the Heraclidae (the companions of Hercules) named Agidae, whom Lycurgus by his laws raised to a wonderful polity, temperance and fortitude, and therefore the Lacones fought most fiercely for the liberty of Sparta in every age, and even now contend with the Turk. For although they pay him tribute, nevertheless they keep their city and citadel free from every garrison of the Turks, and guard them most steadfastly.
12:4
4. And Jonathan saw that the time helped him,—in which, after his heroic deeds and so many victories, a great fame of his name had spread among the Romans and Spartans, so that they sought to enter into friendship and alliance with him.
12:7
7. NOW LETTERS HAD BEEN SENT LONG AGO TO ONIAS THE HIGH PRIEST (Pontiff) BY ARIUS, WHO REIGNED AMONG YOU. — This Arius was the fourth from the end among the Agiad kings, who waged many battles against Pyrrhus king of Epirus and Antigonus king of Macedonia, and sent to Onias the Pontiff letters of alliance and federation which are recited in verse 20.
12:9
9. NOS CUM NULLO HORUM INDIGEREMUS HABENTES SOLATIO SANCTOS LIBROS. — The latter part gives the reason for the former, as if to say: Therefore we did not need your help, nor did we implore it; because the books of Moses and the Prophets provided this for us, which promise to us with certainty God's aid in difficult and desperate matters, if we serve Him faithfully and call upon Him. Therefore, invoking God and having Him as our helper, we did not seek men as helpers.
12:11
11. In observationibus — of sacred rites, festivals and prayers. Whence the Greek texts more clearly have: in supplications.
12:21
21. IT WAS FOUND IN SCRIPTURE (not sacred, although Josephus also wishes this, lib. XIII, cap. ix, but profane, namely in the histories and Chronicles of the Spartans) concerning the Spartans and the Jews, that (which) THEY ARE BROTHERS, AND THAT THEY ARE OF THE RACE OF ABRAHAM. — For the Spartans boasted that they were descended from Abraham through Keturah, who was Abraham's third wife, Genesis xxv, 1. Thus Josephus, although others think the Spartans descended from Abraham through Hagar and Ishmael. Serarius brings forward here more conjectures of this kinship of the Spartans with the Jews, pag. 753 in the middle, of which the first is the great similarity of both, both in laws, as Clement of Alexandria noted, I Strom., and in institutions, especially in daily ablutions and anointings, concerning which Strabo, lib. III, and in constancy, strength and warlike fortitude. Finally, when Nebuchadnezzar besieged Tyre, many of its inhabitants fled to Cyprus, Macedonia and Greece, says St. Jerome in cap. xxiii of Isaiah. It is entirely credible that the Jews did the same when Jerusalem nearby was besieged by the same. Whence the same St. Jerome in his epistle to the Ephesians asserts that Ephesus was named by the Hebrews from חפץ "chephets," that is, will, benevolence. And for this reason many Jews dwelt in Sparta who intermarried with the Spartans.
12:23
23. Our possessions are yours, and yours are ours: — it is a formula of speech signifying that they are friends, as if to say the Spartans are friends of the Jews, and therefore they offer their possessions to them, and they esteem the possessions of the Jews as their own; for all things are common among friends. Josephus adds that these letters of the Spartans were sealed with the proper seal of their city, which was the sign of an eagle holding a dragon in its talons.
12:24
24. THE PRINCES OF DEMETRIUS RETURNED WITH A MUCH LARGER ARMY THAN BEFORE, — that is, much greater than it had been before, so that they might blot out the disgrace of the preceding flight, and attack Jonathan more forcefully. 24. AND HE MET THEM IN THE REGION OF AMATH. — This region is a part of Syria and bordering, indeed the boundary of Judea, as is evident from III Kings viii, 65; and lib. IV, cap. xiv, vers. 45, situated near Lebanon and Damascus. The whole of this region is therefore called Amath, or Emath, or Hamath, or Hemath, and from this Amathites, or Hemathites. Jonathan did this prudently, so that he might engage with enemies outside his own Judea in Syria. For it is a military precept that one must engage with the enemy in land not one's own, but the enemy's, so that you lay waste that land, not your own. Thus Scipio at this same time was unwilling to engage with Hannibal in Italy; but he crossed over into Africa, and drew Hannibal away there, and finally captured Carthage itself.
12:28
28. AND THEY KINDLED FIRES IN THEIR CAMPS, — so that the men of Demetrius might simulate that they were dwelling in camps and keeping watch, not fleeing; lest if Jonathan noticed them fleeing, he would pursue the fugitives. Hannibal did the same thing, deceiving the Romans surrounding his camps with the kindling of fires, and escaping from their hands.
12:36
36. JONATHAN THOUGHT TO RAISE THE HEIGHT BETWEEN THE MIDDLE OF THE CITADEL AND THE CITY, SO THAT HE MIGHT SEPARATE IT FROM THE CITY, SO THAT IT MIGHT BE ITSELF SINGULAR, AND NEITHER BUY NOR SELL. — Jonathan, seeing the citadel of Zion occupied by the men of Demetrius and difficult for him to capture because of its fortifications, erected a high wall between the citadel and the city of Jerusalem, and by this shut off the citadel from the city so that it might be singular, that is solitary, and have no commerce with the city, and thus he took away from them the power of buying and selling in the city; by which means he drove them to such great hunger that they were forced to surrender, as will be evident in the following chapter, vers. 49 and 50.
12:39
12:40
12:45
45. COME WITH ME TO PTOLEMAIS, AND I WILL DELIVER IT TO YOU. — For this city was bordering on Judea, and therefore had been promised to Jonathan by Demetrius, cap. x, vers. 39. See here the perfidy, deceit and treachery of Tryphon.
12:46
46. AND HE BELIEVED HIM. — Jonathan, a man of simple and candid mind, too easily believed the deceitful and perfidious Tryphon; wherefore he rashly dismissed his army, and therefore was captured by him and killed.
12:51
51. WHEN THOSE WHO HAD PURSUED (the soldiers of Tryphon) SAW THAT IT WAS A MATTER OF LIFE FOR THEM (that is, that the Jews would fight to the death for their lives), THEY RETURNED; — for when men are desperate, or resolved in spirit, namely those who have determined either to conquer or to die, they fight most dangerously, and only with certain great risk of slaughter being incurred, as Vegetius and Julius Frontinus teach, lib. II De Stratagemmatibus, cap. vi, whose title is: On sending the enemy forth, lest he shut in should renew battle from desperation, where he confirms this very thing with many examples. "L. Marius," he says, "to whom, after two Scipios were killed, the army gave command, when the Carthaginians were surrounded by him, lest they die unavenged, fought more fiercely, with the ranks loosened and flight given space, he slaughtered the scattered without danger to his own. C. Caesar ordered the enclosed Germans, fighting more strongly from desperation, to be sent out, and attacked them as they fled. Hannibal, when at Trasimene the enclosed Germans fought most fiercely, having drawn up the lines he gave them abundant opportunity to depart, and laid them low as they went without the blood of his own. Antigonus king of the Macedonians gave the Aetolians, whom he had forced into siege and who were pressed by hunger, and had determined to die by making a sortie, a way of flight, and thus with their impetus broken, he struck down those who pursued them, turned about. Themistocles, after defeating Xerxes, prohibited his own men who wished to break the bridge, having taught that it was better for him to be driven from Europe than to be forced to fight from desperation. He likewise sent to him one who would indicate in what danger he was, unless he hastened his flight." See the words II Kings 11, 26, to those words: "Do you not know that desperation is dangerous." Note that all these things are narrated more fully by Josephus, Appian and Justin, lib. XXXV and XXXVI, in which however there are some things that dissent from the narrative of Holy Scripture in this place, in which therefore faith plainly wavers. And so that you may see how much the Gentiles, hostile to the Jews, either ignored or corrupted their affairs, Justin in the cited book XXXVI writes thus concerning the Jews: "The origin of the Jews was Damascene, which is the most noble city of Syria; whence also the Syrians from their kings had a race from Queen Semiramis. The name was given to the city from Damascus the king; in whose honor, the Syrians held the sepulcher of Arath his wife as a temple, and have the goddess thence as of most holy religion. After Damascus Abraham, Moses, Israel were kings. But Israel, blessed with ten sons, made the race clearer than their ancestors. And so he divided the people into ten kingdoms and delivered them to his sons and called all from the name of Judah, who after the division had died, Jews, and ordered his memory to be worshipped by all;" where you see more errors and fabrications than truths. but he subjoins falser things saying Joseph son of Jacob was great, and adds: "His son (of Joseph) was Moses, whom besides the inheritance of paternal knowledge beauty of form also commended. But when the Egyptians suffered scabies and itching, warned by an oracle they expelled him with the sick, lest the plague spread to more, from the borders of Egypt. Made therefore leader of the exiles, he stole away the sacred things of the Egyptians, which the Egyptians seeking to recover with arms, were compelled to return home by storms." And not many things intervening: "And because they remembered being driven from Egypt from fear of contagion, lest they be hated for the same cause among the inhabitants, they took care not to communicate with foreigners; which done from this cause, gradually turned into discipline and religion. After Moses also his son Aruas, priest of Egyptian sacred things, soon is made king, and this custom was always thence among the Jews, that they should have the same as both kings and priests; whose justice mixed with religion, coalesced incredibly much." What can be said more false than these lies heaped together and condensed?
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
12:1
… indirectly in 1 Macc. 1:11; 7:1, and directly in the account of the alliance requested (161 B.C.) by Judas Maccabeus to defend himself against the Syrian aggression (1 Macc. 8:1-32; 2 Macc. 4:11), later renewed (in 144 B.C.) by his brother Jonathan (1 Macc. 12:1-4, 16). Rome associated herself with the mourning of the Jews for the death of Jonathan and reconfirmed friendship with his brother Simon (1 Macc. 14:16-19, 24, 40; 15; 15-24). But, through …
SPARTANS. - In the books of Maccabees one reads with surprise that Jews and Spartans considered themselves "brothers." In II Macc. 5:9 there is only a passing mention of a friendly relation, whereas in I Macc. 12:1-23; 14:20-23 there is talk of a true alliance concluded by Jonathan (v.) and renewed by his brother Simon (v.). …
12:5
Maccabees (Greek Μακκαβαῖοι, Vulgate Machabaei)
… priest, probably the library of Nehemiah, where, according to II Mach. 3:13, the letters of the kings of Persia were kept, and from which he may have drawn the eleven official documents that he inserts into the narrative: letters between heads of state (I Mach. 12:5; 14:20), edicts of kings (ibid. 10:17; 11:30; 13:36; 15:2), treaties of alliance (ibid. 8:22; 15:16), plebiscites (ibid. 14:27). The integrity of the book is by now beyond doubt. …
12:6
… inhabitants of Greece proper took place (1 Macc. 12:20-23) under Areus I, king of Sparta (309-265 B.C.), and the high priest Onias I (325-300) or II (ca. 265). Jonathan Maccabeus (168-142 B.C.) appeals to a very ancient kinship between Spartans and Jews (1 Macc. 12:6, 21; 14:20; cf. 2 Macc. 5:9, and Flavius Josephus, Antiq. …
Sanhedrin (Συνέδριον « Assembly »)
… The New Testament, Flavius Josephus and ancient rabbinic writings speak of it. For the preceding period, sure traces of it are found only in the books of Maccabees (I Mach. 11:23; 12:6; 14:28; II Mach. 1:10; 4:44; 11:27). This allows the conclusion that the s. was constituted in the time of the Seleucids (v.) or shortly before. …
12:19
… Jezrael) with the extensions of the d. In the time of the Hasmoneans and of Herod it was called simply "the great plain" (1 Macc. 12:19; Flavius Josephus, Bell. …
12:20
The first political relations between the Jews and the inhabitants of Greece proper took place (1 Macc. 12:20-23) under Areus I, king of Sparta (309-265 B.C.), and the high priest Onias I (325-300) or II (ca. 265). Jonathan Maccabeus (168-142 B.C.) appeals to a very ancient kinship between Spartans …
12:24
… Having returned to Syria, Tryphon killed the young king A., his ward, with the complicity of the physicians (I Mach. 11:39-74; 12:24-13:32; Diodorus, XXXII, 4; Flavius Josephus, Antiq. …
… by the Jews, who in Antioch saved him from the rioting crowd (I Macc. 11, 44-51). But D. failed to keep the promises he had made, and Jonathan went over to supporting Antiochus VI and Tryphon; he fought against the generals of D. (I Macc. 11, 52-74; 12, 24-34). But, after Jonathan had been betrayed and killed by Tryphon, Simon, the last of the Maccabean brothers, again supported D., who granted Judea the fullest autonomy (142). …
12:25
nadad II king of Damascus and Ahab king of Israel against Shalmaneser III, but in the end it was reduced to an Assyrian province by Sargon II and its inhabitants were deported as colonists to Samaria (II Kings 17:24; 18:34; 19:13). After this the history of the "region of E." (I Macc. 12:25) merges with the general history of Syria. …
12:31
… In the books of Maccabees it indicates the kingdom of the Seleucids: the first to whom we find the title of "king of Asia" attributed is Antiochus III (223-187 B.C.: I Mach. 8, 6) and after him his successors also receive it (ibid. 11, 13; 12, 31; 13, 32; II Mach. 3, 3), although under Antiochus III the Seleucid kingdom retained, of the Asian provinces of Alexander the Great, only Syria and Cilicia.
12:33
Japha (Heb. Jāp̄ō; Gr. Iyppē; Ar. Jāfā "The Beautiful")
… under Zerubbabel (Ezra 3:7). From J. the prophet Jonah set sail for Tarshish (Jonah 1:3). The city, after having endured the sovereignty of the Assyrians, the Sidonians and the Greeks, was conquered in 142 by the Maccabees (I Macc. 10:75; 11:6; 12:33), but in 66 it was incorporated by Pompey into the province of Syria. …
12:35
Acra (Akra: Greek 'Ἄκρα' 'fortress')
… After various attempts by the first two Maccabees, Judas (I Mach. 6, 19) and Jonathan (ibid. 11, 20-22; 41; 12, 35-37), only Simon succeeded in occupying it in 142 (ibid. 13, 49-52), thus crowning the Maccabean work of liberation from the hated Seleucid yoke. …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.