Ioachaz reigneth three monethes. 4. His brother Eliakim (named loakim) eleuen yeares, 9. his sonne Ioachin three monethes, 11. his vncle Sedecias eleuen yeares. 14. Most Priestes, and people contemning the admonitions of Prophetes, 17. manie are slaine by the Chaldees, the Temple and Ierusalem spo led and burnt. 20. The sayd kinges successiuely, and people are caryed captiue into Babylon. 22. After seuentie yeares Cyrus king of Persia, releaseth the captiuitie, and geueth leaue to reedifie the Temple.
1Then the people of the land took Joachaz the son of Josias, and made him king instead of his father in Jerusalem.Allora il popolo prese Joachaz figliuolo di Josia, e lo dichiarò successore del padre suo nel regno in Gerusalemme.THE people therfore of the land tooke Ioachaz the sonne of Iosias, and made him king for his father in IerusalemTulit ergo populus terræ Joachaz filium Josiæ, et constituit regem pro patre suo in Jerusalem. 2Joachaz was three and twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem.Ventitre anni avea Joachaz quando principiò a regnare, e regnò tre mesi in Gerusalemme.Taree and twentie yeares old was Ioachaz, when he began to reigne, and he reigned three monethes in Ierusalem.Viginti trium annorum erat Joachaz cum regnare cœpisset, et tribus mensibus regnavit in Jerusalem. 3And the king of Egypt came to Jerusalem, and deposed him, and condemned the land in a hundred talents of silver, and a talent of gold.Perocché il re d'Egitto venuto a Gerusalemme lo depose, e condanno il paese a cento talenti d'argento, e uno d'oro.And the king of Aegypt when he came into Ierusalem, deposed him, and condemned the land in an hundred talentes of siluer, and a talent of gold.Amovit autem eum rex Ægypti cum venisset in Jerusalem, et condemnavit terram centum talentis argenti, et talento auri. 4And he made Eliakim his brother king in his stead, over Juda and Jerusalem: and he turned his name to Joakim: but he took Joachaz with him and carried him away into Egypt.E fece in luogo di lui Eliakim suo fratello re di Gerusalemme, e di Giuda; e gli cambiò il nome in quel di Joakim: e prese seco Joachaz, e lo condusse in Egitto.And he made Eliakim his brother king for him, ouer Iuda and Ierusalem: and he turned his name Ioakim: but he tooke Ioachaz himself with him, and caried him away into Aegypt.Constituitque pro eo regem Eliakim fratrem ejus super Judam et Jerusalem, et vertit nomen ejus Joakim: ipsum vero Joachaz tulit secum, et abduxit in Ægyptum. 5Joakim was five and twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem: and he did evil before the Lord his God.Venticinque anni avea Joakim quando principiò a regnare, e undici anni regnò in Gerusalemme: e fece il male nel cospetto del Signore Dio suo.Fiue and twentie yeares old was Ioakim when he began to reigne, and he reigned eleuen yeares in Ierusalem: and he did euil before our Lord his God.Viginti quinque annorum erat Joakim cum regnare cœpisset, et undecim annis regnavit in Jerusalem: fecitque malum coram Domino Deo suo.
6Against him came up Nabuchodonosor king of the Chaldeans, and led him bound in chains into Babylon.Contro di lui si mosse Nabucodònosor re de' Caldei, e lo condusse incatenato a Babilonia,Agaynst him came vp Nabuchodonosor the king of the Chaldees, and brought him bound in chaynes into Babylon.Contra hunc ascendit Nabuchodonosor rex Chaldæorum, et vinctum catenis duxit in Babylonem. 7And he carried also thither the vessels of the Lord, and put them in his temple.Dove trasportò anche i vasi del Signore, e li collocò nel suo tempio.Whither he transported also the vessels of our Lord, and put them in his temple.Ad quam et vasa Domini transtulit, et posuit ea in templo suo. 8But the rest of the acts of Joakim, and his abominations, which he wrought, and the things that were found in him, are contained in the book of the kings of Juda and Israel. And Joachin his son reigned in his stead.Il rimanente poi delle azioni di Joakim, e le abominazioni, che ei commise, e che furono in lui, sono descritte nel libro dei re di Giuda, e d'Israele. E gli succedette nel regno Joachin suo figliuolo.But the rest of the wordes of Ioakim, and of his abominations, which he wrought, and the thinges that were found in him, are contayned in the Booke of the kinges of Iuda and Israel. And Ioachin his sonne reigned for him.Reliqua autem verborum Joakim, et abominationum ejus quas operatus est, et quæ inventa sunt in eo, continentur in libro regum Juda et Israël. Regnavit autem Joachin filius ejus pro eo. 9Joachin was eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned three months and ten days in Jerusalem, and he did evil in the sight of the Lord.Otto anni avea Joachin quando cominciò a regnare, e regnò tre mesi, e dieci giorni in Gerusalemme: e fece il male nel cospetto del Signore.Eight yeares old was Ioachin when he began to reigne, and he reigned three monethes and ten dayes in Ierusalem, and he did euil in the sight of our Lord.Octo annorum erat Joachin cum regnare cœpisset, et tribus mensibus ac decem diebus regnavit in Jerusalem: fecitque malum in conspectu Domini. 10And at the return of the year, king Nabuchodonosor sent, and brought him to Babylon, carrying away at the same time the most precious vessels of the house of the Lord: and he made Sedecias his uncle king over Juda and Jerusalem.E alla fine dell'anno il re Nabucodònosor mandò gente a prenderlo, e condurlo a Babilonia, trasportando anche i vasi più preziosi della casa del Signore. E fece re di Giuda, e di Gerusalemme Sedecia suo zio da canto di padre.And when the compasse of a yeare was come about, Nabuchodonosor the king sent some, that brought him in to Babylon, the most precious vessels of the house of our Lord being caried away withal: But he made Sedecias his vncle king ouer Iuda and Ierusalem.Cumque anni circulus volveretur, misit Nabuchodonosor rex, qui adduxerunt eum in Babylonem, asportatis simul pretiosissimis vasis domus Domini. Regem vero constituit Sedeciam patruum ejus super Judam et Jerusalem.
11Sedecias was one and twenty years old when he began to reign: and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem.Ventun anno avea Sedecia quando cominciò a regnare, e undici anni regnò in Gerusalemme.One & twentie yeares old was Sedecias when he began to reigne: & he reigned eleuen yeares in Ierusalem.Viginti et unius anni erat Sedecias cum regnare cœpisset, et undecim annis regnavit in Jerusalem: 12And he did evil in the eyes of the Lord his God, and did not reverence the face of Jeremias the prophet speaking to him from the mouth of the Lord.E fece il male nel cospetto del Signore Dio suo, e non ebbe rispetto per Geremia Profeta, il quale gli parlava da parte del Signore.And he did euil in the eies of our Lord his God, neither did he reuerence the face of Ieremie the prophet speaking to him from the mouth of our Lordfecitque malum in oculis Domini Dei sui, nec erubuit faciem Jeremiæ prophetæ, loquentis ad se ex ore Domini. 13He also revolted from king Nabuchodonosor, who had made him swear by God: and he hardened his neck and his heart, from returning to the Lord the God of Israel.E si ribellò eziandio dal re Nabucodònosor, il quale gli avea fatto prestar giuramento nel nome di Dio: e indurò la sua cervice, e il suo cuore a segno di non tornare mai più al Signore Dio d'Israele.He reuolted also from king Nabuchodonosor, who had adiured him by God: & he hardened his necke & his hart, that he would not returne to our Lord the God of Israel.A rege quoque Nabuchodonosor recessit, qui adjuraverat eum per Deum: et induravit cervicem suam et cor ut non reverteretur ad Dominum Deum Israël. 14Moreover all the chief of the priests, and the people wickedly transgressed according to all the abominations of the Gentiles: and they defiled the house of the Lord, which he had sanctified to himself in Jerusalem.Oltre a ciò tutti quanti i principi de' sacerdoti, e il popolo prevaricarono iniquamente, imitando tutte le abominazioni delle genti, e contaminarono la casa del Signore, la quale egli avea santificata per se in Gerusalemme.Yea & al the chiefe of the Priestes, and the people transgresled vnlawfully according to al the abominations of the Gentiles: and they polluted the house of our Lord, which he had sanctified to him in Ierusalem.Sed et universi principes sacerdotum et populus prævaricati sunt inique juxta universas abominationes gentium, et polluerunt domum Domini quam sanctificaverat sibi in Jerusalem. 15And the Lord the God of their fathers sent to them, by the hand of his messengers, rising early, and daily admonishing them: because he spared his people and his dwelling place.E il Signore Dio de' padri loro faceva parlare ad essi per mezzo de'suoi ambasciadori, per tempo ammonendogli ogni giorno: perchè ei volea perdonare al suo popolo, e alla sua magione.And our Lord the God of their fathers sent to them, by the hand of his messengers, rysing by night, and daily admonishing them: for that he spared his people and his habitation.Mittebat autem Dominus Deus patrum suorum ad illos per manum nuntiorum suorum de nocte consurgens, et quotidie commonens: eo quod parceret populo et habitaculo suo.
16But they mocked the messengers of God, and despised his words, and misused the prophets, until the wrath of the Lord arose against his people, and there was no remedy.Ma quelli si facevan beffe degli ambasciadori di Dio, e mettevano in non cale le sue parole, e straziavano i profeti, sino a tanto che il furor del Signore piombò sopra il suo popolo, e non fu più luogo a medicina.But they mocked the messengers of God, and litle estemed his wordes, and scorned the prophetes, vntil the furie of our Lord ascended vpon his people, and there was no amendment.At illi subsannabant nuntios Dei, et parvipendebant sermones ejus, illudebantque prophetis, donec ascenderet furor Domini in populum ejus, et esset nulla curatio. 17For he brought upon them the king of the Chaldeans, and he slew their young men with the sword in the house of his sanctuary, he had no compassion on young man, or maiden, old man or even him that stooped for age, but he delivered them all into his hands.Perocché egli fece venir sopra di loro il re de' Caldei, il quale fece morir di spada la loro gioventù nella casa del suo Santuario: ei non ebbe pietà del giovinetto, né della vergine, né del vecchio, né dell'uom decrepito, ma tutti li diede in potere di lui.For he brought vpon them the king of the Chaldees, and slewe their yong men with the sword in the house of his sanctuarie, he pitied not yong man, and virgin, and old man, no neither him that stouped for age, but he deliuered al into his handes.Adduxit enim super eos regem Chaldæorum, et interfecit juvenes eorum gladio in domo sanctuarii sui: non est misertus adolescentis, et virginis, et senis, nec decrepiti quidem, sed omnes tradidit in manibus ejus. 18And all the vessels of the house of Lord, great and small, and the treasures of the temple and of the king, and of the princes he carried away to Babylon.Ed egli trasportò a Babilonia tutti i vasi della magion del Signore tanto i grandi, come i piccoli, e tutti i tesori del tempio, e del re, e dei grandi.And al the vessels of the house of our Lord, as wel greater as lesser, and the treasures of the temple, and of the king, and the princes he transported into Babylon.Universaque vasa domus Domini, tam majora quam minora, et thesauros templi, et regis, et principum, transtulit in Babylonem. 19And the enemies set fire to the house of God, and broke down the wall of Jerusalem, burnt all the towers, and what soever was precious they destroyed.I nemici incendiarono la casa di Dio, e atterraron le mura di Gerusalemme, e abbruciaron tutte le torri, e distrussero tutto quel, che vi era diThe enemies set fyre on the house of God, and destroyed the wal of Ierusalem, al the towres they burnt, and what soeuer was pretious, they destroyed.Incenderunt hostes domum Dei, destruxeruntque murum Jerusalem: universas turres combusserunt, et quidquid pretiosum fuerat, demoliti sunt.
20Whosoever escaped the sword, was led into Babylon, and there served the king and his sons, till the reign of the king of Persia,Chi potè scampare dalla spada, era condotto a Babilonia per servire ai re, e a' suoi figliuoli, sino al tempo, in cui ebbe l'impero il re di Persia,If anie man escaped the sword, being led into Babylon he serued the king and his sonnes, til the king of the Persians reigned.Si quis evaserat gladium, ductus in Babylonem servivit regi et filiis ejus, donec imperaret rex Persarum, 21That the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremias might be fulfilled, and the land might keep her sabbaths: for all the days of the desolation she kept a sabbath, till the seventy years were expired.E sino a tanto che non ebbe compimento la parola di Dio pronunziata da Geremia, e non ebbe la terra celebrati i suoi sabati: imperocché per tutto il tempo di sua desolazione ella fece il sabato, finché non furon compiti i settanta anni.That the word of our Lord by the mouth of Ieremie might be accomplished, and the land might celebrate their Sabbathes: for al the daies of the desolation she kept a Sabbath, til the seuentie yeares were expyred.et compleretur sermo Domini ex ore Jeremiæ, et celebraret terra sabbata sua: cunctis enim diebus desolationis egit sabbatum usque dum complerentur septuaginta anni. 22But in the first year of Cyrus king of the Persians, to fulfil the word of the Lord, which he had spoken by the mouth of Jeremias, the Lord stirred up the heart of Cyrus, king of the Persians: who commanded it to be proclaimed through all his kingdom, and by writing also, saying:Ma l'anno primo di Ciro re di Persia, affinchè si adempisse la parola del Signore pronunziata per bocca di Geremia, il Signore mosse l'animo di Ciro re di Persia, il quale ordinò che si pubblicasse per tutto il suo regno anche per iscritto, questo decreto:But in the first yeare of Cyrus king of Persians, to fulfil the word of our Lord, which he had spoken by the mouth of Ieremie, our Lord raysed vp the spirit of Cyrus king of the Persians: who commanded to be proclaymed in al his kingdom, yea by writing, saying:Anno autem primo Cyri regis Persarum, ad explendum sermonem Domini quem locutus fuerat per os Jeremiæ, suscitavit Dominus spiritum Cyri regis Persarum: qui jussit prædicari in universo regno suo, etiam per scripturam, dicens: 23Thus saith Cyrus king of the Persians: All the kingdoms of the earth hath the Lord the God of heaven given to me, and he hath charged me to build him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judea: who is there among you of all his people? The Lord his God be with him, and let him go up.Ciro re di Persia dice così: Il Signore Dio del cielo ha dato a me tutti i regni della terra, ed egli mi ha comandato di edificare a lui una casa in Gerusalemme, che è nella Giudea: chi tra voi appartiene al suo popolo? Il Signore Dio suo sia con lui, ed ei si metta in viaggioThus sayth Cyrus king of the Persians: Al kingdomes of the earth hath the Lord the God of heauen geuen me, and he hath commanded me that I should build him a house in Ierusalem, which is in Iewrie: who of you is there in al his people? The Lord his God be with him, and let him goe vp.Hæc dicit Cyrus rex Persarum: Omnia regna terræ dedit mihi Dominus Deus cæli, et ipse præcepit mihi ut ædificarem ei domum in Jerusalem, quæ est in Judæa: quis ex vobis est in omni populo ejus ? sit Dominus Deis suus cum eo, et ascendat.
36:1
Year of the World 3394, Year before Christ 610.
36:3
36:4
Worthington
Brother. From the time of David, the son had always succeeded his father. (Worthington)
36:6
Babylon, but sent him back soon after; (Tirinus) unless he altered his first design, (Du Hamel) and slew him disgracefully at Jerusalem. (Lyranus) (Estius) (Calmet) (4 Kings 23:5.)
Usher
He allowed him to reign as a vassal other three years, but took Daniel, etc., captives. The seventy years of Jeremias, (xxv. 11.) are to be dated from this event. (The year of the world 3402.) (Usher)
36:7
The vessels. Hebrew and Septuagint, "a part of the vessels;" probably the most precious, (ver. 10) breaking the rest in pieces, as he left none behind, ver. 18.
Temple of his God, Daniel 1:2.
36:8
Denis the Carthusian
In him. The Jews explain this of the diabolical characters forbidden, Leviticus 19:28. (Denis the Carthusian; R. Sal., etc.)
36:9
Challoner
Eight years old. He was associated by his father to the kingdom, when he was but eight years old; but after his father's death, when he reigned alone, he was eighteen years old, 4 Kings 24:8. (Challoner)
Tirinus
He only enjoyed the throne three months and ten days. (Tirinus)
Calmet
We must however observe, (Haydock) that the Alexandrian Septuagint, the Syriac, and Arabic read here, eighteen. (Calmet)
Kennicott
"It is, in my opinion, a pity that the translators have not mended such apparent errata of the scribe of the present Hebrew out of 2 Kings 24:8., or out of Septuagint, or out of common sense." (Wall) (Kennicott)
Du Hamel
These eight years may be dated from the captivity, and not from the king's birth. (Usher) (Du Hamel)
36:10
Calmet
Year, in spring, when kings go out to war. (Calmet)
Calmet
Uncle. Septuagint, "brother of his father," which comes to the same sense, and was certainly the case. Hebrew, "his brother." Abraham indeed gives the title to his nephew, Genesis 13:8. (Calmet)
36:13
Year of the World 3405, Year before Christ 599.
Tirinus
By God, to be faithful. (Tirinus)
Calmet
This enhances his crime. (Calmet)
36:15
Haydock
Early. Protestants, "betimes, and sending: because," etc. (Haydock)
Calmet
Like a good master, God (Tirinus) sent his servants to work at day-break, (Haydock) omitting nothing to induce them to return to him, that he might not be forced to punish them with severity. (Calmet)
36:16
Calmet
Remedy. All attempts to convert them proved in vain; (Tirinus) and God, perceiving that they even despised his calls, became inexorable. (Calmet)
36:18
Calmet
Vessels. Only a few remained, to be restored by Cyrus, ver. 19. (Calmet)
36:20
Sons; Evilmerodac and Baltassar.
Persia; Cyrus, who subdued the country.
36:21
Sabbaths, every seventh year, Leviticus 25:2., and 26:43., and Jeremias 25:11., and 29:10.
Calmet
Expired: not that the earth was quite neglected, all that time, from the third year of Joakim, the year of the world 3398 till 3468. (Calmet)
Haydock
But it was almost: particularly after the murder of Godolias, (Menochius) the public worship was at a stand, etc. (Haydock)
Haydock
During this fifth age, the true religion subsisted invariable, not only in the kingdom of Juda, but also in that of Israel. See Worthington. (Haydock)
36:22
Year of the World 3468, A.C. 536.
Calmet
First. Cyrus had ruled over Persia from the year of the world 3444. He was now emperor of the East. (The year of the world 3468.) (Calmet)
Worthington
These two verses are repeated by Esdras, which evinces that he was the author of this work also, (Tirinus) adding them when he restored (Worthington) or revised (Haydock) the holy scriptures. (Worthington)
36:23
Haydock
The Lord, (Jehova.) In Esdras we find yehi, "Let," his God. (Haydock)
Haydock
Up. The sentence is completed in the following book, which makes it probable that these verses are here inserted improperly, by some transcriber. The book of Chronicles, though for many ages the last in the Hebrew manuscripts, was, perhaps, once followed by Ezra, as in Camb. Manuscript 1., (Kennicott) and as it is now in the Protestant version, taken from the Hebrew. (Haydock)
36:9
Eight years old.... He was associated by his father to the kingdom, when he was but eight years old; but after his father’s death, when he reigned alone, he was eighteen years old. 4 Kings 24.8.
36:23
THE FIRST BOOK OF ESDRAS
36:4
Hitherto from K. Danids death the sonne had euer succeded to his father.
36:21
••re. 25.
36:22
It is like that Esdras added this cōclusion when he restored the holie Scriptures that were lost. for he beginneth his owne booke with the same wordes. The end of the fifth age.
36:7
san Cirillo di Gerusalemme † 386 d.C. The Catechetical Lectures of S. Cyril 2.17
… Hast thou not heard that he brake in pieces the Cherubim? I do not mean the invisible beings;—away with such a thought, O man ,—but the sculptured images, and the mercy-seat, in the midst of which God spake with His voice . The veil of the Sanctuary he trampled under foot: the altar of incense he took and carried away to an idol-temple
36:6
6. ET VINCTUM (JOAKIM) CATENIS DUXIT IN BABYLONEM, — scilicet anno tertio regni Joakim in Babylone res suas componens, et fœdus cum eo renovans, solitumque tributum promittens, ab eo liber dimissus est in Jerusalem, ubi anno undecimo regni sui rursum rebellans, a Chaldæis occisus est, ut dixi Jerem. XXII, 19.
36:8
8. Et quæ inventa sunt in eo. — Lyranus, Abulensis, Quæst. XXXIX in cap. xxv lib. IV Reg., Vatablus, Magister historiæ Scholasticæ, Pererius, lib. 1 in Danielem, sub initium, et alii ex Hebræis referunt in cadavere hujus regis inventas fuisse quasdam notas impressas, et quædam stigmata inusta in honorem Deorum suorum, quorum ipse adhuc vivens se stigmaticum servum profitebatur. Quid miserius et infelicius, quam regem diademate coronatum eo se abjecisse, ut stigmaticum diaboli mancipium redderetur? Contra vero Divus Paulus: « De cætero, inquit, nemo mihi molestus sit; ego enim stigmata Domini Jesu in corpore meo porto, » Galat. vi, 17.
36:9
9. OCTO ANNORUM ERAT JOACHIN, CUM REGNARE CŒPISSET, — scilicet cum patre Joakim qui anno secundo regni sui filium Joachin octennem regem creavit, et regni socium adscivit, adeoque cum eo decem annis regnavit. Causa fuit, quod vereretur, si quid humanitus sibi accidisset, Sedeciam excluso puero Joachin invasurum regnum. Jam tum enim videbatur meditari rebellionem, ut jugo Chaldæorum se eximeret; quo fecit anno tertio regni, ideoque eodem anno a Chaldæis abductus est in Babylonem; unde tunc successit ei filius Joachin novem vel decem annorum: sed pater Joakim, rebus in Babylone compositis, illico rediit, ac alios octo annis cum filio regnavit: quibus exactis anno undecimo regni sui rursus rebellans, interemptus est a Chaldæis: unde tunc solus plano et pleno jure regnans successit ejus filius Joachin, qui jam octodecim erat annorum, ac tribus tantum mensibus regnavit, quibus exactis abductus est et ipse in Babylonem a Chaldæis, qui ei substituerunt Sedeciam patruum. Ita Abulensis, Salianus, Torniellus et alii.
36:10
10. CUM ANNI CIRCULUS VOLVERETUR. — Hebraice, in revolutione anni; cum scilicet, anno currente finiente vel finito, novus annus inchoaretur a mense Nisan, q. d. cum annus currens tenderet ad finem, sive in fine anni abductus est Joachin in Babylonem, quod fuit tertio mense regni sui: cœpit enim ipse regnare non in initio anni, sed tribus mensibus ante finem anni, v. g. in novembri vel decembri. Nam Hebræi annum inchoabant a Nisan, id est martio.
36:13
13. QUI ADJURAVERAT EUM PER DEUM, — ut sibi fidem datam et subjectionem promissam servaret, comminans ei Dei judicis vindictam, si illam violaret; ideoque pro « Matthania, » vocavit eum, « Sedeciam, » id est, justitiam Dei, ut hujus semper eum memorem redderet, IV Reg. xxiv, 17.
36:15
15. DE NOCTE CONSURGENS. — Hebraice, manicando, id est mane, tempestive, sollicite eos admonuit, instar boni patrisfamilias, qui mane suos famulos instruit, et dirigit ad opus diurnum. EO QUOD PARCERET (id est quod parcere cuperet et summe optaret) POPULO; — sed cum is monita Dei sperneret, ei non pepercit, et Chaldæis vastandum tradidit.
36:16
16. ET ESSET NULLA CURATIO, — q. d. Et nulla esset spes curationis et emendationis vitæ, eo quod Judæi in idololatria et sceleribus suis essent obfirmati.
36:21
21. ET CELEBRARET TERRA SABBATA SUA, — id est feriaretur et quiesceret ab aratione, qua sulcatur, occatur, seritur, metitur, etc. quibus terra agitari, et quasi vexari solet. CUNCTIS ENIM DIEBUS DESOLATIONIS EGIT SABBATUM, — id est inculta quievit, agens quasi sabbati otium. Notant Hebræi Judæos violasse festum sabbati, illudque profanasse operibus servilibus et illicitis, ideoque Deum in pœnam eos e Judæa abduxisse, ut ipsa ageret sabbatum sibi a Judæis negatum per 70 annos. USQUE DUM COMPLERENTUR SEPTUAGINTA ANNI. — Cur fuere captivitatis Judæorum in Babylone anni 70, non 80, non 90, non centum? Causam dat Theodoretus, Levit. cap. xxvi, 34, ad illa: « Placebunt terræ sabbata sua cunctis diebus solitudinis suæ, eo quod non requieverit in sabbatis vestris, quando habitabatis in ea. » Sic enim ait: « Septuaginta annos servierunt in Babylone; atqui a regno Saulis usque ad captivitatem numerantur anni 490, quorum septimam partem faciunt septuaginta. Hoc ergo vult dicere: Septuaginta annos terra manebit inculta, et non seminata, vobis terram alienam incolentibus, propterea quod una cum reliquis etiam sabbatis præceptum transgressi estis, » q. d. Terra Judææ juxta legem septimo anno arari non poterat, sed quiescebat et suum agebat « sabbatum, » id est otium et quietem, quam quia vos (multi vestrum), o Judæi, ei abstulistis ex avaritia, septimo anno eam arantes ut fructus meteretis, idcirco Deus quietem ei debitam restituet in 70 annis captivitatis vestræ, quibus illa colonis suis destituta quiescat: 70 enim sabbata ei ademistis, totidem ergo ei reddet Deus. Nam in 490 annis qui ab initio regni Saulis (si ei demus annos viginti, ac alios viginti Samueli, qui juncti faciunt 40, de quibus Actor. XIII, 21), usque ad ultimum annum Sedeciæ duxerunt, pariter fluxerunt 70 sabbata terræ: hæc enim septimo quolibet anno suum ex lege exigebat sabbatum. Septimus enim annus in 490 annis recurrit septuagies: multiplica enim 70 per 7, invenies 490. Eadem causa hic insinuatur dum dicitur: « Et celebraret terra sabbata sua: cunctis enim diebus desolationis egit sabbatum usque dum complerentur 70 anni. » Rursum, Hebræi per sua scelera varia et multa contaminarunt Judæam, quæ erat terra sancta per 490 annos: unde Deus totidem annos pœnitentiæ et captivitatis potuisset eis injungere; sed noluit, et pœnam imminuit; ut e septem annis unum tantum pœnitentiæ eis assignaret, quo pariter terra sabbatizaret: quare dedit eis annos 70 captivitatis: hi enim septies in 490 continentur, ut his 70 annis terra quiescens et quasi sabbatum agens, a sceleribus 490 annorum in ea a Judæis commissis expiaretur, et præsertim ab idololatria, quæ in ea diu, sed per 70 annos acrius et ardentius viguit. Alia causa litteralis fuit, quod Chaldæorum monarchia durarit per 70 annos; Chaldæi autem Judæorum fuere hostes et flagella Dei qui eos in Babylonem abduxerant, ibique toto tempore monarchiæ suæ detinuerunt: quo finito in anno 70, surrexit Cyrus Chaldæorum hostis et Judæorum amicus, qui Chaldæos evertit, et monarchiam ad Persas transtulit, ideoque Judæos e Babylone liberavit. Rursum hi 70 anni desolationis respondent 70 hebdomadibus Danielis cap. ix, quibus exactis venturus erat Christus, cujus typus fuerat Cyrus, qui eos a servitute peccati et diaboli liberaret, ac Jerusalem cœlesti restitueret. Prima et potissima causa fuit Dei ita decernentis voluntas, et judiciorum ejus profundorum abyssus. Hanc causam dat Esdras, lib. IV, cap. iii, ubi narrat se anno trigesimo desolationis Jerusalem in Babylone coram Deo questum esse, quare tamdiu Judæos fideles suos in Babylone captivos detineret, et inter alia se Deo dixisse vers. 27: « Tradidisti civitatem tuam in manibus inimicorum tuorum. Numquid meliora faciunt qui habitant Babylonem, et propter hoc dominabitur Sion. » Et rursum: « Factum est cum venissem huc, et vidissem impietates quarum non est numerus, et delinquentes multos vidit anima mea hoc 30 anno. » Ac Urielem Angelum ei respondisse cap. IV, dixisseque: « Vade, pondera mihi ignis pondus, ac mensura mihi flatum venti, aut revoca mihi diem quæ præteriit. » Quod cum Esdras fieri non posse diceret, urget Angelus: « Si, inquit, interrogarem te quantæ sunt habitationes in corde maris, aut venæ in principio abyssi, » unde scilicet aquæ indesinenter scaturiunt, vel venæ pluviarum in cœlo, « aut qui sunt exitus paradisi, diceres mihi fortassis: In abyssum non descendi, neque in infernum adhuc, neque in cœlum unquam ascendi. Nunc autem non interrogavi te nisi de igne, et vento et die per quem transisti, et a quibus separari non potes, et non respondisti mihi de eis, et quomodo poteris capere Altissimi vias? » Tropologica causa fuit, quam dat S. Hieronymus, Jerem. xxix, 10, quod septuagenarius numerus sit symbolum pœnitentiæ, quam tota hac vita agere debemus, ut ad cœlestem gloriam perveniamus. Nam, ut dicitur Psalm. LXXXIX: « Dies annorum nostrorum in ipsis 70 anni. » Hinc et Ecclesia a Septuagesima commemorando lapsum Adami et posterorum, inchoat tempus luctus et pœnitentiæ. Denique voluit Deus per 70 annos, omnes senes Judæorum vitiis suis assuetos et in iis inveteratos emori, ac novam sobolem succrescere, quam per Esdram, Danielem, Jesum, Zorobabel, et alios in pietate et vero Dei cultu efformatam in terram sanctam reduceret, ut dixi Jerem. XXIX, 10.
36:22
22. Anno autem primo Cyri. — Hæc ad verbum repetuntur libro sequenti Esdræ initio primi capitis, ubi ea quasi suo loco explicabo. Hinc colligunt Interpretes Esdram esse lib. Paralipomenon auctorem. Ejus enim finis idem plane est cum principio Esdræ. Post libros Josue, Judicum, Ruth, Regum, et Paralipomenon priore opere expositos, pergo ad alterum Historialium Sacræ Scripturæ Codicum tomum, qui complectitur libros Esdræ, Nehemiæ, Tobiæ, Judith, Esther et Machabæorum. Esdras sacerdos, propheta, scriba et doctor, totiusque Scripturæ sacræ vel deperditæ in vastitate Babylonica ex memoria dictator et restaurator, ut multi sentiunt; vel ut verius alii, vitiatæ corrector, et elegantiori charactere Hebræo, quo nunc utimur, descriptor, cum Nehemia sacerdote, Helciæ filio, et Artaxerxis Persarum regis pincerna, reducem e captivitate populum numerans et templi et murorum restaurationem consignans et perficiens: « Omnisque illa turba populi redeuntis in patriam (ait S. Hieronymus) et descriptio Sacerdotum, Levitarum Israelis, Proselytorum aliud in cortice proferunt, aliud in medulla retinent; » scilicet allegorice significant institutionem Ecclesiæ novæ, veteri Synagoga abolita; tropologice mysticæ Ecclesiæ, et templi in anima per peccatum violati et disjecti, per gratiam, pænitentiam, omnisque virtutis officia, reparationem, anagogice constructionem novæ illius et cœlestis Jerusalem, quam vivis coloribus depingit S. Joannes, Apoc. xxi. Tobias vitæ conjugalis speculum, maritum, conjugem, filium, sui quemque muneris admonet et erudit. Ad hæc quomodo in exilio et adversis retinenda sit pietas et charitas, quæ Angelorum natura, quæ species, quæ partes, quæ vita et sollicita custodia edocet. Judith viduarum typus, viduis castitatis poculum propinat, quæ sapientissima fortitudine pudicitiæ gratiam, et ab hostibus victoriam velut abstinentiæ præmium tulit: quæ, ut ait Ambrosius de viduis, nec cibo maculata, nec adulterio, non minus servatæ continentiæ ex hostibus revexit trophæum, quam patriæ liberatæ: et ex sobrietate casta, manu quidem solum Holopheniem vicit, sed consilio omnium aliorum ebriorum ejus stravit exercitum. Tanti dux femina facti. Esther uxoris castæ, modestæ, religiosæ et sapientis erga infidelem maritum et regem, piæ vero et industriæ in suos cives omnes numeros explet, et in Ecclesiæ typo (verbis utor S. Hieronymi) populum liberat de periculo, et interfecto Aman, qui interpretatur iniquitas, partes convivii, et diem celebrem mittit in posteros. Machabæi fortitudine bellica, æque ac pietate et zelo excellunt, atque pauci numero ardenti prece Deum invocantes, ingentes hostium profligant exercitus, et divinæ victoriæ trophæa figunt æternitati. Hæc singulorum argumenta in principio obiter quasi in synopsi collecta, o lector, accipe quæ fusius suis quibusque locis explicabo. Porro ex hisce libris protocanonici sunt Esdras et Nehemias, utpote qui semper tam ab Hebræis quam a Christianis habiti sint Canonici: Tobias vero, Judith, Esther et Machabæorum libri duo sunt Deuterocanonici, sive secundi ordinis et gradus, utpote de quorum auctoritate olim a nonnullis fuit dubitatum, postea tamen ab Ecclesia in Canonem librorum S. Scripturæ sunt relati.
36:3
… gli andò contro (II Reg. 23, 29), fu vinto a Mageddo sul Cison presso il Carmelo e ucciso (II Par. 35, 23-24), lasciando il regno al figlio Ioachaz, che N. mise in catene a Rebla nel paese di Emath, mandandolo poi a morire in Egitto (II Reg. 23, 33-34; II Par. 36, 3); mise invece sul trono Eliacim, altro figlio di Iosia, con il nome di Ioakim e a patto che gli versasse una grande indennità d'oro e di argento (II Reg. 23, 34-36; II Par. 36, 3-4). …
36:6
… Iud., X, 6, 1-2). Quanto al re di Giuda, sembra che la mano del nuovo padrone si facesse più duramente sentire, se a quest'occasione devesi riferire la notizia trasmessa solo da II Par. 36, 6 sg., che Nabuchodonosor mise in catene il re I. e depredò il Tempio. …
SAMARITANI (EBR. SŌMRŌNĪM; GR. ΟἹ ΣΑΜΑΡΕΙ͂ΤΑΙ)
… carattere sincretistico con una certa prevalenza della religione d'Israele sulle pratiche idolatriche (ibid. 17, 40-41). Un colpo a questa deviazione religiosa fu inferto dal re Iosia, il quale traversando il paese distrusse ovunque le immagini idolatriche (II Par. 36, 6, 7), e ancora più dall'insegnamento dei sacerdoti giudei; più tardi infatti i S. si danno cura di pellegrinare, per le feste, al tempio di Gerusalemme (Ier. 41, 4).
36:12
SEDECIA (EBR. SIDHĀYIJĀHĀ « GIUSTIZIA DI JAHWEH »)
… Sulla sua condotta religiosa e morale è dato questo sfavorevole giudizio: « Fece ciò che dispiace al Signore Dio suo; non si piegò al profeta Geremia che gli parlava in nome di Dio » (II Par. 36, 12). Finché visse il faraone Nechao, il quale dopo la disfatta di Carcamis (605 a. C.) ritenne prudente non immischiarsi nelle faccende palestinesi, la situazione si mantenne abbastanza …
36:13
SEDECIA (EBR. SIDHĀYIJĀHĀ « GIUSTIZIA DI JAHWEH »)
… Il suo nome era Matthania, cambiato in quello di S. dallo stesso Nabuchodonosor (II Reg. 24, 17), che gli impose anche il giuramento di fedeltà (II Par. 36, 13).
36:14
… Depredato (925) dal faraone Sesak (I Reg. 14, 26), da Ioas d'Israele (798-783), da Athalia; profanato da Achaz, Manasse, Amon, Sedecia (II Par. 36, 14); Achaz (736-721) sostituì l'altare degli olocausti con un altro riproducente un modello di Damasco (II Reg. 16, 10-14). Fu restaurato o purificato da Iosaphat (II Par. 20, 5), …
36:20
… Alcuni moderni preferiscono il periodo ellenistico (dopo il 330 a. C.) perché: a) la genealogia di Zorobabel è protratta fino alla sesta generazione nel testo masoretico, e nei Settanta, Volgata, Siriaca fino all'undicesima (I Par. 3, 19 sgg.); b) l'espressione « re dei Persiani » (II Par. 36, 20) farebbe supporre già tramontata la dominazione persiana. …
36:21
… Lo specifica espressamente Dan. 9. La restaurazione vaticinata da Ier. 25, 11 sg.; 29, 10 (cf. II Par. 36, 21) avrà inizio dopo 70 anni dal 605 a. C., ma avverrà lentamente. …
… Come le genealogie (1-9) provano l'autenticità dell'Israele post-esilico, così da II Par. 36, 21-23 si scorge che i suoi destini messianici sussistono ancora e tendono all'adempimento, nonostante l'esilio.
36:22
CIRO IL GRANDE (ISCRIZIONI CUNEIFORMI KURUŠ; EBR. KÔREŠ)
… Questi dati dei documenti cuneiformi ci aiutano a ben comprendere l'atteggiamento di C. nei riguardi degli Ebrei: difatti nel primo anno del suo regno a Babilonia (538) egli permise loro di rimpatriare e riedificare a Gerusalemme il tempio a Jahweh (II Par. 36, 22-23; Eid. 1, 1-11; 3, 7; 4, 3; 5, 13-17; 6, 2-5.14); quest'avvenimento era già stato preannunziato da Isaia (44, 28; 45, 1-4; cf. 41, 1-4; 46, 11; Fl. Giuseppe, Antiq. …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.