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AvaVol. II, p. 310 AVA. - She is the first German poetess whose name is known to us. Towards the end of the 11th century and at the beginning of the 12th, she composed a poetic…
AvallonVol. II, p. 310 AVALLON. - Chief town in the department of Yonne, 52 km. from Auxerre, on the right bank of the Cousin River. It is the ancient Aballo in the Itinerary of…
AvalokiteśvaraVol. II, p. 311 AVALOKITEŚVARA. - He is one of the great Bodhisattvas, that is, a Buddha in potency, who has renounced entering Nirvāṇa (v.) until all beings have been…
Avancini, NicolaVol. II, p. 311 AVANCINI, NICOLA. - Jesuit writer, born in Val di Non (Trento) in 1611, died in Rome on 6 Dec. 1686. Learned in various disciplines, he held chairs of letters…
Avanzini, PietroVol. II, p. 311 AVANZINI, PIETRO. — Priest, born in Rome in 1832 and died there on 7 April 1874. In 1865 he began publishing the Acta Sanctae Sedis (v.); and in 1871 he…
Avanà(ÀVANA)Vol. II, p. 311 ÀVANA : v. SAN CRISTOFORO DELL'ÀVANA.
Avarice(AVARIZIA)Vol. II, p. 312 AVARICE. – Avarice is an excessive love of riches, that is, a love that goes beyond the rule of reason, which requires that means be subordinated to the end…
AvatāraVol. II, p. 312 AVATĀRA. - Sanskrit term from the root tar with the prefix ava, “to descend”: literally, “descent,” used especially to indicate the descent, the incarnation of…
Ave Maris StellaVol. II, p. 318 « AVE MARIS STELLA ». — Inno alla Vergine, che si recita ai Vespri di quasi tutte le sue feste. La struttura, lasciata intatta nella riforma degli inni sotto…
Ave Regina CaelorumVol. II, p. 321 « AVE REGINA CAELORUM ». - It is the second of the four great Marian Antiphons, and is recited, after the Office, from 3 February until Holy Thursday. Its…
Ave Verum Corpus NatumVol. II, p. 328 « AVE VERUM CORPUS NATUM ». — One of the best-known medieval Eucharistic salutationes. It appears in manuscripts from the fourteenth century onward and has…
Avedikian, GabrielVol. II, p. 312 AVEDIKIAN, GABRIEL. - Mekhitarist of Venice, b. in Constantinople in 1750, d. 24 Dec. 1827, professor of theology and rhetoric at S. Lazzaro, master of novices…
Aveia VestinaVol. II, p. 313 AVEIA VESTINA. — Ancient city of Samnium, not far from Fossa. In the Roman Synod of 465, a Gaudentius, bishop aviciensis, appears; L. Duchesne rightly claims…
Aveiro, Diocese of(AVEIRO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 313 AVEIRO, diocese of. — In Portugal, suffragan of Braga. The city of A. (on the site of ancient Talabuzza) is situated on the estuary of the Vouga and is the…
Aveiro, Pantaleão deVol. II, p. 313 AVEIRO, PANTALEÃO de. — In the Portuguese prose of the sixteenth century, rich in curious and interesting accounts of journeys to foreign lands, a particular…
Avellana, Collection(AVELLANA, COLLEZIONE)Vol. II, p. 313 AVELLANA, COLLECTION. — This is a collection, compiled by an unknown author in Rome in 553 or shortly thereafter, containing various documents from the years…
Avellino, Diocese of(AVELLINO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 313 AVELLINO, diocese of In Irpinia, in the province of Avellino. Divided into 50 parishes, it has 124 diocesan priests and 27 regular priests; 120,000…
Avempace (Abū Bakr ibn al-Šāʾig, also known as Ibn Bājjah or Bājjah, Latinized as Avempace)(AVEMPACE (ABŪ BAKR IBN AY-ŠĀ'IG, DAL SOPRANNOME DI IBN BĀǦǦAH O BĀǦAH, CHE I LATINI VOLSERO IN AVEMPACE))Vol. II, p. 319 AVEMPACE (Abū Bakr ibn ay-Šā'ig, from the nickname ibn Bāǧǧah or Bāǧah, which the Latins rendered as Avempace). — Philosopher, mathematician, physician, and…
Avenarius (Latinization of Habermann)(AVENARIUS (LATINIZZAZIONE DI HABERMANN))Vol. II, p. 319 AVENARIUS (Latinization of HABERMANN).—Two authors of this name: I. JOHANN, Hebraist and ascetical writer, b. at Eger in 1516, d. at Zeitz in 1590. Having…
Avenarius, RichardVol. II, p. 319 AVENARIUS, RICHARD. — Philosopher and physicist, born in Paris in 1845, died in Zurich in 1896. He taught philosophy at the University of Zurich. His principal…
AvencebrolVol. II, p. 319 AVENCEBROL: V. AVICEBRON.
Avendaño, Diego deVol. II, p. 319 AVENDAÑO, DIEGO de. – Jesuit theologian and canonist, born in Segovia (Spain) in 1594, died in Lima (Peru) on 31 August 1688. After studying philosophy in…
Aventinus, Johannes (Johann Turmair)Vol. II, p. 320 AVENTINUS, JOHANNES (JOHANN TURMAIR). — Born at Abensberg in 1477, died at Ratisbona in 1534. He is the author of the Annales Boiorum, for which he deserved…
Averescu, AlessandroVol. II, p. 321 AVERESCU, ALESSANDRO. – Romanian marshal and statesman, born in Ismail on the Danube on 22 April 1859, died in Bucharest on 3 October 1939. He brilliantly…
Averlino, AntonioVol. II, p. 321 AVERLINO, ANTONIO: V. FILARETE (IL).
Averroism(AVERROISMO)Vol. II, p. 322 AVERROISMO. — From the second half of the thirteenth century through the entire sixteenth century, those who, in the controversies surrounding Aristotle’s…
Averroës (Ibn Rushd, Abū al-Walīd Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad; Latin: Averroes)(AVERROË (IBN RUŠD, ABŪ 'L-WALĪD MUḤAMMAD B. AḤMAD B. MUḤAMMAD; LAT. AVERROES))Vol. II, p. 321 AVERROË (Ibn Rušd, Abū 'l-Walīd Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Muḥammad; lat. Averroes). — While in the East Arabic philosophy rapidly declined after Avicenna, in Spain,…
Aversa, Diocese of(AVERSA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 325 AVERSA, DIOCESE OF. — In the province of Naples, immediately subject to the Holy See. It comprises 63 parishes; 251 diocesan priests and 46 regular clergy. The…
AvestaVol. II, p. 326 AVESTA. – A. is the name given to the collection of the sacred and canonical books of the Mazdeans, that is, the followers of the religion of Ahuramazda. The…
Avetikh of Ezinghā (Jerznglatzī)(AVETIKH DI EZINGHĀ (JERZNGLATZĪ))Vol. II, p. 327 AVETIKH di EZINGHĀ (Jerznglatzī). - Called Kešis Oklū, dissident Armenian patriarch of Constantinople. Born in Tokat (vilayet of Sivas, in Asia Minor) in 1657;…
AvezzanoVol. II, p. 328 AVEZZANO: v. MARSI. AVIANO, MARCO d'. : v. MARCO D'AVIANO.
Aviat, François de SalesVol. II, p. 328 AVIAT, FRANÇOIS DE SALES. — Born in Sézanne on 16 September 1844, died in Perugia on 10 January 1914. Educated by the Sisters of the Visitation of Troyes under…
AvicebronVol. II, p. 328 AVICEBRON. – Jewish poet and philosopher of the 11th century. It is only a century ago (1846) that, thanks to S. Munk, it became possible to identify the…
AvicennaVol. II, p. 329 AVICENNA (Abū 'Alī al-Ḥusajīn ibn 'Abd Allāh ibn Sīnā, called Avicenna by Latin Scholasticism):—One of the greatest Arab philosophers, a celebrated physician,…
AvidyāVol. II, p. 330 AVIDYĀ - A-vidyā is non-knowing, ignorance, but not in the sense commonly given to this word; rather, in the philosophical-religious sense of ignorance of the…
Avignon Exile(ESILIO D'AVIGNONE)Vol. V, p. 365 EXILE OF AVIGNON. — The sojourn in Avignon (1305–76) of the popes Clement V, Giovanni XXII, Benedetto XII, Clement VI, Innocenzo VI, Urbano V, and Gregorio XI…
Avignon, Archdiocese of(AVIGNONE, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 331 AVIGNON, ARCHDIOCESE OF. - A city in southern France, on the Rhône, at the intersection of important natural routes and in an easily defensible position.…
Avis, Order of Saint Benedict of(AVIS, ORDINE DI SAN BENEDETTO DI)Vol. II, p. 336 AVIS, ORDER OF SAN BENEDETTO. — Military association of Portuguese knights who had returned from the Crusades. Founded around 1146, it received as a gift from…
Avitabile, PietroVol. II, p. 336 AVITABILE, PIETRO. – Theatine, missionary, born on 18 October 1590 in Naples; he entered religious life in 1608 and was initially in Georgia (1626–38), then,…
Avitrani, VincenzoVol. II, p. 337 AVITRANI, VINCENZO. — According to Mazzuchelli and Villarosa, the name is Avinatri. An ascetical writer, born in Bergamo in 1612. He spent almost his entire…
Avitus, Alcimus Ecdicius, Saint(AVITO, ALCIMO ECDICIO, SANTO)Vol. II, p. 336 AVITO, ALCIMO ECDICIO, saint. — Bishop of Vienne in the Dauphiné, born around 450, died shortly after 517. He belonged to a family of senatorial bishops, and…
Avogadro della Motta, EmilianoVol. II, p. 337 AVOGADRO DELLA MOTTA, EMILIANO. - Writer and politician, born at Vercelli on 8 Oct. 1798, died on 9 Feb. 1865. Doctor of law, reformer of schools, promoter of…
AvranchesVol. II, p. 338 AVRANCHES. - Situated between Brittany and Normandy, near the mouth of the river See, in the department of Manche. In the Roman age Abricantes formed part of…
Avrillon, Jean-Baptiste-Élie(AVRILLON, JEAN-BAPTISTE-ELIE)Vol. II, p. 339 AVRILLON, JEAN-BAPTISTE-ELIE. – Ascetical theologian, born on 1 January 1652 in Paris, where he died on 16 May 1729. There he professed the rule of the Minims…
Avvakum, Petrovich(AVVAKUM, PETROVIC)Vol. II, p. 339 AVVAKUM, PETROVIC. — Russian protopope; one of the first and most important leaders of the internal schism of the Russian Church (raskol); born in 1620–21 at…
AvvertenzaVol. II, p. 341 AVVERTENZA. – In general, it is the act of the mind that gives attention to something; in moral matters, it is the act of the mind that considers the goodness…
Avvocati (Avogadro), VincenzoVol. II, p. 342 AVVOCATI (AVOGADRO), VINCENZO. - Dominican theologian, b. 12 Sept. 1702, d. 18 Sept. 1767. Of precocious intellect, at the age of nineteen he left the legal…
ÀvariVol. II, p. 311 ÀVARI. – Of Mongolian stock, originating from the Asian plateau and displaying a marked affinity with the Huns, the A. turned, shortly after the middle of the…
Ávalos, Ferdinando Francesco d', Marquis of Pescara(ÁVALOS, FERDINANDO FRANCESCO D', MARCHESE DI PESCARA)Vol. II, p. 311 ÁVALOS, FERDINANDO FRANCESCO d', marchese di PESCARA. - Born in 1490 and died at Milan, as a result of a war wound, in 1525. As a vassal of Spain, he served…
Ávila, Diocese of(ÁVILA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 335 ÁVILA, DIOCESE OF In Spain, a suffragan of Valladolid (1851), with its see at Ávila (Abila, Abela, Abula), a city of Old Castile, situated at a high elevation…
Ávila, Juan de, Blessed(ÁVILA, JUAN DE, BEATO)Vol. II, p. 335 ÁVILA, JUAN de, blessed. — Born at Almodóvar del Campo (Spain) in 1499 or 1500 and died at Montilla (province of Córdova) on 10 May 1659. He was a spiritual…
