A
2,780 articles · 321 under Ar · English index · Indice italiano-
Ara
It is a limited space, at least ideally, on which sacrifice is offered to the deity, that is, on which the offerings destined for the deity are placed and… -
Ara
Greek personification of the curse (ἀρά), hence a goddess of vengeance, not unlike the Erinyes. A temple of A. in Athens is mentioned by Aristophanes. BIBL.… -
'Arabāh ('ARABĀH)
A biblical geographical name (with the article: ha-'arābhāh, or in the plural: 'arēhāth). It designates (in opposition to the "mountain" har, the "low plain"… -
Arabesque (ARABESCO)
This name is given to ornamental motifs that are based on the pure expressive value of line, and this because Arab and generally Muslim art, on account of its… -
Arabia
The largest peninsula on earth (2.8-3 million sq. km.), comprising more than 1/4 of Europe. 1. GEOGRAPHY. - Arabia consists of a massive plateau of roughly… -
Arabici
A heretical sect of the 2nd century, which developed in Arabia, especially in the region of Damascus. The name was given to its followers by St. Augustine (De… -
Arabic Numerals (ARABICHE, CIFRE)
ARABICHE, CIFRE: v. CIFRE ARABICHE. -
Arabic Numerals (CIFRE ARABICHE)
The system in use today for indicating numbers, known by the name of Arabic numerals, actually comes from the Indians, and consists, according to the most… -
Arab-Norman, Art (ARABO-NORMANNA, ARTE)
ARABO-NORMANNA, ARTE: v. SICULO-NORMANNA, ARTE. -
Arab-Spanish, Ascetic-Mystic Writers (ARABO-SPAGNOLI, SCRITTORI ASCETICO-MISTICI)
The long period of Islamic domination in Spain (more than 7 centuries: 711-1492), with the consequent establishment of mutual relations between the Saracens… -
Arabs, Philosophy of the (ARABI, FILOSOFIA DEGLI)
The Arabs regarded as faylasūf, that is, philosopher in the exact sense of the term, not every thinker, but only those who occupied themselves with Greek… -
Aracaju, Diocese of (ARACAJU, DIOCESI DI)
Capital of the state of Sergipe (Brazil), situated on the Atlantic about 300 km. to the northeast of Bahia, A. is the seat of a diocese, erected on 15 Dec.… -
Aracoeli
In the oldest recension of the Mirabilia urbis Romae (about the middle of the 12th century) the name of A. occurs for the first time, designating the church… -
Aracri, Gregorio
Capuchin, b. at Staletti (Squillace) in 1749, d. at Catanzaro on 23 June 1813. Under the name of Father Fedele he soon became well known for his philosophical… -
Arad
City in western Romania, capital of the province of the same name in Transylvania. It enters history as early as the 11th century, and at the end of the 12th… -
Arago, Jean François Dominique
French physicist and astronomer, b. at Estagel, near Perpignan, in the Pyrenees, on 27 February 1786, d. in Paris on 2 October 1853. He made notable… -
Aragon (ARAGONA)
Region of north-eastern Spain. It is among the most mountainous regions of Spain because, bounded to the north by the Pyrenees (from the peak of Anie to that… -
Aragona, Giovanni D'
Cardinal, b. in Naples around 1460, d. in Rome on 17 Oct. 1485. Son of Ferdinand, king of Naples, he became, in 1471, abbot of Cava and Montecassino and was… -
Aragona, Luigi D'
Cardinal, b. in Naples in 1474, d. in Rome on 11 Jan. 1519. Grandson of Ferdinand I of Aragon and great-grandson of Alfonso I, king of Naples, having been left… -
Aragón, Martín de (ARAGÓN, MARTIN DE)
Franciscan missionary in the Holy Land. Toward the end of the 14th century he was living in the convent of Famagusta, on the island of Cyprus. He was private… -
Aragón, Pedro de
Augustinian religious, b. in Salamanca, d. between 30 Sept. and 9 Oct. 1592. He made his profession in 1561, and completed his early studies in his native… -
Arallu
Among the Mesopotamians it was equivalent to the Sheol of the Hebrews and the Hades of the Greeks; an infernal dwelling, called irsìt la tari, "the land from… -
Aram
A region of western Asia, mentioned in the Bible, which with A. also designates the people (v. ARAMEI). Aram Nahārajim (Gen. 24:10 and Deut. 23:5; Judg. 3:8; I… -
Aramaic, Language (ARAMAICA, LINGUA)
Aramaic belongs to the Semitic stock. It is not possible to determine what territory was the original home of spoken Aramaic. Its history can, however, be… -
Arameans (ARAMEI)
A people that resided in Aram. In a letter from el-Amarna (14th century B.C.) the term aḫlamē occurs, which was understood as designating the Arameans. But… -
Aranda
ARANDA: v. ANTONIO de ARANDA. -
Aranda, Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, Count of (ARANDA, PEDRO PABLO ABARCA DE BOLEA, CONTE D')
Minister of Charles III of Spain, b. in 1719 near Huesca (Aragon), d. at Epila (Aragon) in 1798. Having entered upon a military career, he traveled in Europe… -
Aranda Valdivia, Martín de
Jesuit missionary, b. at Villarica (Chile) in 1560 or 1561, a soldier and already "corregidor" of Riobamba before entering the novitiate in 1592. After his… -
Araneo, Clemente
Dominican preacher and controversialist of the 16th century, b. at Ragusa (Dalmatia). He appears in 1547 as a member of the province of Lombardy, with… -
Ararat
Mountainous region between the river Araxes and lakes Van and Urmia. This geographical name from the Old Testament (Gen. 8:4; 2 Kings 19:37; Isa. 37:38; Jer.… -
Ar of Moab (AR DI MOAB)
Capital of the Moabites (Num. 21:15, 28; Deut. 2:9, 18, 29). God forbade the Israelites to take it (Deut. 2:9). Its history merges with that of Moab (v.) or… -
Arason, Jón (ARASON, JOP)
Last Catholic bishop of Iceland, b. in 1484, d. on 7 Nov. 1550. He was consecrated bishop of Hólar in 1524. In 1538, when Christian III, king of Denmark… -
Arassuahy, Diocese of (ARASSUAHY, DIOCESI DI)
In the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil). The city, which stretches over the plateaus west of the Serra do Chifre, is the seat of the diocese, erected on 25 Aug.… -
Arator (ARATORE)
Christian poet born in Milan around the beginning of the 6th century. Having lost his father at a young age, he found an adoptive father in Lawrence, bishop of… -
Aratus (ARATO)
Greek poet, who lived between the end of the 4th century and the middle of the 3rd century B.C., born probably at Tarsus in Cilicia, but a citizen of Soli. He… -
Arauca, Apostolic Prefecture of (ARAUCA, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)
This prefecture, erected in Colombia (South America) by decree of the Sacred Congregation Consistorial of 26 May 1915, by dismemberment of the northern part of… -
Araucania, Apostolic Vicariate of (ARAUCANIA, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)
The civilizing work of the Araucanian mission (South America), begun at the time of the Spanish conquest, was strenuously carried on, even amid the vexations… -
Araújo, Francesco (ARAUJO FRANCESCO)
Dominican theologian, b. at Verin (Spain) in 1580, d. at Madrid in 1664. He was a lecturer at the University of Salamanca (1617-37), then bishop of Segovia. He… -
Arbanasich, Pietro
Sardinian apostate. In the culminating period of the Italian Risorgimento, he passed from Catholicism to Protestantism. He was first a pastor of the Italian… -
Arbela, Chronicle of (ARBELA, CRONACA DI)
A Syriac document published by A. Mingana (Sources Syriagues, I, Leipzig 1907) and then copiously exploited by all those who study the origins of Christianity… -
Arbela (Ἀρβήλα [τὰ]) of Galilee (ARBELA ("ΑΡΒΗΛΑ [ΤᾺ]) DI GALILEA)
A locality in northern Palestine stormed by the Syrian Bacchides (v.), who captured there many Jews who had taken refuge in it, at the beginning of the… -
Arbeo (Arbio, Aribo), Bishop of Freising (ARBEO (ARBIO, ARIBO), VESCOVO DI FRISINGA)
Born ca. 723 at Maia, near Merano, he studied at Freising (Bavaria), where he later became episcopal chancellor. In 763 he was elected abbot of Scharnitz and… -
Arbiol y Díez, Antonio (ARBIOL Y DIEZ, ANTONIO)
Spanish Franciscan, preacher and mystical writer, b. at Torrellas in 1651, d. at Saragossa on 31 January 1726. In his Order he taught philosophy and theology… -
Arbitration (ARBITRATO)
1. NOTION. - By a. is meant the procedure by which a legal dispute is resolved in a binding manner by one or more persons to whom the interested parties have… -
Arbogast (ARBOGASTE)
Frankish general who, having distinguished himself in the time of Gratian and Theodosius, became magister militum of Valentinian II; but his excessive… -
Arcadelt, Jakob
Musician, b. in Flanders (1514?) pupil of Josquin des Prés. After a brief stay in Florence, he came to Rome (1536) where he was appointed master of the… -
Arcadia, Accademia della
Literary academy, founded in Rome in 1690 by 14 men of letters and which rapidly attained great development and very wide diffusion. To the programmatic… -
Arcadius, Roman Emperor (ARCADIO, IMPERATORE ROMANO)
Son of the emperor Theodosius (Int. Murel e Quisera Pontippes) ARCADIA - Seat of the A. in Rome, after a design by Canevari (18th century). the Great, b. in… -
Arcaf, Giovanni
Bishop of Memphis and leader of the Melitians of Egypt (4th century). A singular figure of a troublemaker, known for his intrigues against St. Athanasius.… -
Arcamone (Archemone), Ignazio
Jesuit missionary, b. in Bari around 1615, d. in Rachol on 30 April 1683. Having entered the novitiate of Naples in 1631, he left for the East Indies in 1644… -
Arcangeli, Giuseppe
Born at S. Marcello Pistoiese on 13 Dec. 1807, died at Florence on 17 Sept. 1855; he studied at the Seminary of Pistoia and was ordained a priest in 1831. He… -
Arcangelo di Cola da Camerino
Marchigian painter of the first half of the 15th century, a follower of Gentile da Fabriano, not without Florentine influences. In 1416 he was in Città di… -
Arcangelo of Lyon (Michel Degranges or Desgrange) (ARCANGELO DI LIONE (MICHEL DEGRANGES O DESGRANGE))
Capuchin friar, born in Lyon in 1736, died in 1822. At the age of fifteen he embraced the religious state. In 1789, for having dared to inveigh from the pulpit… -
Arcangelo Ripaut
ARCANGELO RIPAUT: v. RIPAUT. -
Arcano, Discipline of the (ARCANO, DISCIPLINA DELL')
With the expression disciplina arcani, used for the first time by the Protestant theologian Jean Daillé (Dallaeus, in the work De scriptis... Dionysii… -
Arcanum Divinae Sapientiae Consilium
Opening words of the encyclical with which Leo XIII (18 Feb. 1880: Acta Leonis XIII, II, Rome 1880, pp. 10-40) deals with the question of marriage and defends… -
Archangel (ARCANGELO)
The term occurs only twice (I Thess. 4:16; with the article: Jude 9) in the New Testament, in the singular, and designates Michael (v.), called haš-šar… -
Archbishop (ARCIVESCOVO)
ARCIVESCOVO: v. METROPOLITA; VESCOVO. -
Archbishop of Mainz, Hatto (ATTONE, ARCIVESCOVO DI MAGONZA)
A monk of the abbey of Fulda, in 885 he was at the court of Charles III the Fat and became a friend of King Arnulf of Germany, whose companion he was on the… -
Archconfraternity (ARCICONFRATERNITA)
ARCICONFRATERNITA: v. CONFRATERNITA. -
Archdeacon (ACHIDIACONUS)
ACHIDIACONUS: v. GUIDO DE BAISIO. -
Archdeacon (ARCIDIACONO)
ARCIDIACONO: v. GUIDO DE BAISIO. ARCIDIACONO: v. DIACONO. -
Archdiocese (ARCIDIOCESI)
ARCIDIOCESI: v. DIOCESI -
Archdiocese of Diamantina (DIAMANTINA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
In Brazil, it is the metropolis of the ecclesiastical province of the same name, which occupies the entire northern part of the State of Minas Gerais, with the… -
Archdiocese of Modena (MODENA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
It is situated on the consular Via Emilia, in a fertile region, between the Secchia and Panaro rivers. It is a provincial capital, metropolitan since 22 Aug.… -
Archdiocese of Sorrento (SORRENTO, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
City and archdiocese in the province of Naples. It has an area of 133 sq km with a population of 72,320 inhabitants, all Catholic, distributed in 39 parishes… -
Archelaus (ARCHELÀO)
ARCHELÀO: v. ACTA ARCHELAI. -
Archelaus, Herod (ARCHELÀO, ERODE)
The eldest surviving son of Herod the Great (and of Malthace) and his principal successor (4 B.C. - A.D. 6). Like his two co-heir brothers Philip and Antipas… -
Archeo
A., qui post discipulos domini episcopus fuit Leptitanae urbis (present-day Homs-Lebda east of Tripoli), is said to be the author, in a Vatican codex (codex… -
Archetti, Giovanni Andrea
Apostolic nuncio in Russia, b. at Brescia in 1731, d. at Ascoli in 1805. Having obtained a degree in utroque, he was appointed vice-legate at Bologna by… -
Archetypal Idea (IDEA ARCHETIPA)
This designation refers to the supreme and primordial logical form of all things. Philosophers and theologians speak of it in order to clarify the relationship… -
Archidamus (ARCHIDAMO)
Roman priest of the 4th century. Together with the priest Philoxenus and the deacon Leo, he represented Pope Julius I (337-52) at the Council of Sardica… -
Archieraticon (Ἀρχιερατινόν)
In the Churches of the Byzantine rite it is the liturgical book that contains the religious functions proper to a bishop. It corresponds in the main to the… -
Archigallus (ARCIGALLO)
Priest of Cybele, of a rank superior to the simple galli. From the rather abundant epigraphic material that has come down to us, it appears that, in the… -
Archimandrite (ARCHIMANDRITA)
Title of the superior of a monastery in the Eastern Church from the 4th century. In the 6th century it is reserved for the provost of a federation of… -
Archimedes (ARCHIMEDE)
Supreme mathematician, b. at Syracuse in 287 B.C., d. in the siege of that city in 212 B.C. The writings of A., in which have been preserved the conceptions… -
Archinto, Alberico
Cardinal, b. in Milan on 8 Nov. 1698, d. in Rome on 30 Sept. 1758. He obtained his law degree at the University of Pavia in 1722 and then entered the College… -
Archinto, Filippo
Archbishop. Born in Milan on July 5, 1495, died in Bergamo on June 21, 1558. Numerous and important embassies to Charles V, both in Spain and in Italy, were… -
Archinto, Giuseppe
Cardinal, b. in Milan on 16 April 1631, d. there on 9 April 1712. In 1675 he took his degree in law at Pavia and then entered the College of Jurists of Milan.… -
Archippus, Saint (ARCHIPPO, SANTO)
Collaborator of St. Paul ("fellow soldier"), of Colossae. He was probably the son of Philemon and Apphia, with whom he is associated in the address of Philem.… -
Archisynagogue (ARCHISINAGOGO)
He who presided over the synagogues, or religious assemblies, of the Jews. Chosen from among the elders of the community, he had high oversight of everything… -
Architectural Orders (ORDINI ARCHITETTONICI)
The system of load-bearing architectural elements (column and capital) and carried elements (entablature), which already appears in Assyrian, Egyptian, and… -
Architectural Rationalism (RAZIONALISMO ARCHITETTONICO)
Ever since the times of ancient classicism, first in Greece and then in Rome, certain "laws" or "rules" were established to which the forms and proportions of… -
Architrave
ARCHITRAVE: V. ORDINI ARCHITETTONICI. -
Archive (ARCHIVIO)
Etymologically it derives from ἀρχεῖον, the magistrate's palace where the records of the magistracy were kept. Among the Greeks, however, it was called… -
Archives de Philosophie
A series of philosophical studies published at irregular intervals, but generally quarterly, beginning in Jan. 1925, by the publisher Beauchesne of Paris. Its… -
Archivistics (ARCHIVISTICA)
It is the discipline that studies the ordering, administration, and preservation of archives, while at the same time teaching how to understand their history… -
Archivist of the Holy Roman Church (ARCHIVISTA DI SANTA ROMANA CHIESA)
The high direction of the Vatican Secret Archives, of which the Supreme Pontiff "retains, together with ownership, the governance and supreme administration,"… -
Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum
Annual review of historical studies, published by the Dominican Historical Institute of St. Sabina in Rome. The establishment of this institute, for the… -
Archontics (ARCONTICI)
A Gnostic sect of the 3rd and 4th centuries, which takes its name from the strange doctrine its followers professed concerning the ἄργοντες or princes of the… -
Archpriest (ARCIPRETE)
This term is commonly used to designate the priest who has the ordinary care of souls; technically it means the parish priest who holds as his title a parish… -
Arcimboldi, Giovanangelo (ARCIMBOLDI, GIOVANNANGELO)
Papal legate, b. in Milan around 1485, d. in the same city on 6 April 1555. A nephew of Cardinal Giovanni Arcimboldi, he took a degree in law and for some time… -
Arcimboldi, Giovanni
Cardinal, born in Milan and died there on 2 October 1488. He held important offices and undertook numerous missions, including on behalf of Duke Galeazzo Maria… -
Arcimboldi, Guidantonio
Archbishop, b. in Milan and d. there on 18 Oct. 1497. After completing his legal studies, he held important offices in his native city, among them that of… -
Arciprete de Hita (ARCIPRESTE DE HITA)
ARCIPRESTE de HITA: v. RUIZ JUAN. -
Arconati Visconti, Giuseppe
Politician, b. in Milan on 9 April 1797, d. there on 11 March 1873. From a noble family, a scholar of philosophical and religious questions, he married his… -
Arcosolium (ARCOSOLIO)
Solium in Latin means, besides throne, seat, also basin, and like other analogous terms it came later to designate the tomb. Thus an a. was called a tomb… -
Arcudio, Pietro
Catholic theologian and controversialist, b. in Corfu around 1562, d. in Rome in 1633. He was one of the first pupils of the Greek College of St. Athanasius in… -
Arculf (ARCULFO)
Bishop in Gaul (see unknown). He made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 670 and recounted his journey to St. Adamnan (v.), abbot of Hy or Iona (Hebrides… -
Ardagh, Diocese of (ARDAGH, DIOCESI DI)
In central Ireland (Eire). The name derives from the Gaelic Ardachadh, "high field". In 454 St. Patrick founded a church and a monastery at Ardachadh… -
Ardica
The expression is used particularly in Ravenna to indicate the portico of a church, which is a reduced form of the atrium, as, for example, the a. in front of… -
Ardigò, Roberto
Philosopher, b. at Casteldidone (Cremona) in 1828 to a modest family, d., by suicide, at Mantua in 1920. He completed, through financial help, the studies that… -
Ardmaine
ARDMAINE: v. DROMORE. -
Arduin of Ivrea, King of Italy (ARDUINO D'IVREA, RE D'ITALIA)
Of the strong Arduinic lineage, of Germanic origin and later a family of feudatories of the Kingdom of Italy, A. was born in 955 to Dadone, count of Pombia.… -
Arduino, Giovanni
Geologist, b. at Caprino Veronese in 1714 and d. at Venice in 1795. When paleontology was not yet a science in its own right, A. asserted the full importance… -
Area
AREA: V. CIMITERI. -
Aregazzi (Aregatius or de Regatiis), Francesco (AREGAZZI (AREGATIUS O DE REGATIIS), FRANCESCO)
Theologian and canonist of the Conventual Friars Minor, b. at Cremona in 1375, d. at Bergamo on 6 Aug. 1437. On account of his rare learning and piety, at the… -
Areka, Abba
AREKA, ABBA: V. ABBA AREKA. -
Arena, Filippo
Sicilian Jesuit, b. at Piazza Armerina on 1 May 1708, d. at Rome in 1789; having entered the religious order in 1723, he taught mathematics in various… -
Arenario
Shortly after the discovery of the Christian cemetery galleries on the via Salaria in the spring of 1578, the Sanctorum Martyrum Abundii presbyteri, Abundantii… -
Arendt, Wilhelm
Jesuit, moralist, b. in Louvain on 31 March 1852, d. in Rome on 23 Feb. 1937. He was rector of the Belgian College in Rome, where in 1889 he entered the… -
Arendt, Wilhelm Amadeus August
German historian, b. of a Protestant family on 25 May 1808 in Berlin, later converted to the Catholic Church in Apr. 1832, and d. at Speyer on 22 Aug. 1865. In… -
Arenskiy, Anton Stepanovich (ARENSKIJ, ANTON ŠTEPANOVIC)
Composer, b. at Nizhny Novgorod on 11 Aug. 1861, d. at Tarioki on 25 Feb. 1906. Master of the Imperial Chapel in St. Petersburg, he contributed valuable pages… -
Areopagite, Dionysius (AREOPAGITA, DIONIGI)
AREOPAGITA, DIONIGI: v. DIONIGI AREOPAGITA. -
Areopagus (Ὁ Ὄρειος Πέλαγος 'Hill of Mars') (AREOPAGO (Ὁ ὌΡΕΙΟΣ ΠΈΓΑΣ «COLLE DI MARTE»))
A rocky hill in Athens, southwest of the Acropolis, where, according to mythology, Mars was acquitted of the murder of Halirrhothius, son of Neptune. A Council… -
Arequipa, Archdiocese of (AREQUIPA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
The city of Arequipa is located in southern Peru, at 2,320 meters above sea level, at the foot of the Misti volcano and only 90 km. in a straight line from the… -
Ares
"Αρς, Greek god of war. For some the name would mean "the destroyer," but the etymology is disputed. For the ancients he was Thracian and therefore foreign… -
Aresi, Paolo
Of Milanese origin, b. at Cremona in 1574, d. at Tortona on June 20, 1644, in the odor of sanctity. His baptismal name, Cesare, was changed to Paolo when he… -
Aretalogy (ARETALOGIA)
The meaning of this word is manifold, as a consequence of the imprecise sense of ἀρετή, commonly translated in dictionaries as virtue, courage and the like… -
Areta, Saint (ARETA, SANTO)
An Arab of Nağrān, whose name al-Hārit was altered to Hirut in the Ethiopian Synaxarium (G. Sapeto, Viaggio e missione cattolica fra i Mensa, i Bogos ecc.… -
Aretas (Hāriṭah) (ARETA (HĀRIṬAH))
King of the Nabataeans, who from their capital Petra (v.) dominated Arabia from the Gulf of Elanitis as far as Damascus. A. I is remembered by Flavius Josephus… -
Aretino, Paolo
Born in Arezzo in 1508, he was choirmaster at the cathedral of his native city from 1538 to 1544; then at the collegiate church of the Pieve from 1544 until… -
Aretino, Pietro
Man of letters, b. at Arezzo in 1492, d. at Venice on 21 Oct. 1556. He spent his early youth at Perugia. From there, or perhaps from Siena, he went to Rome… -
Areuna
AREUNA: v. ORNAN. -
Arévalo, Faustino
Spanish Jesuit and patrologist, b. at Campanario (Estremadura) in 1747, a Jesuit in 1761, he was one of the most notable of that group of learned religious who… -
Arévalo, Rodrigo de
Spanish ecclesiastical diplomat and writer, b. at S. Maria de Nueva (Segovia) in 1404, d. in Rome on 4 Oct. 1470. At the courts of the kings of Castile John II… -
Arezzo, Diocese of (AREZZO, DIOCESI DI)
It is still today the most extensive in Tuscany, extending over 3,250 sq km of territory, which includes the upper Arno valley (Casentino), the upper Valdarno… -
Arezzo, Tommaso
Cardinal, suburbicarian bishop of Sabina and chancellor of Holy Roman Church, b. at Orbetello on 16 Dec. 1756, d. at Rome on 3 February 1833. In 1773, at the… -
Argei
In Roman worship this name denoted two different things: 1) shrines, 27 (or 24) in number, distributed throughout the Rome "of the four regions" and which… -
Argensola (Arjensola), Bartolomé Leonardo de
Spanish poet, narrator and historian, of a family originally Italian, the Leonardo of Ravenna, b. at Barbastro on 26 Aug. 1562, d. at Saragossa on 14 Feb.… -
Argenson, René de Voyer de Paulmy, Count of (ARGENSON, RENÉ DE VOYER DE PAULMY, CONTE DI)
Magistrate, b. at Blois on 13 Dec. 1623, d. in his castle of Argenson (Touraine) on 10 May 1700. On the death of his father (1651) he succeeded him as… -
Argentan, Louis François d'
ARGENTAN, LOUIS FRANÇOIS d' : v. LUDOVICO FRANCESCO d'ARGENTAN. -
Argentina
Federal Republic of South America. SUMMARY: I. Geography. - II. History of Christianity. - III. History of relations between Church and State. - IV. School… -
Argento
ARGENTO: v. OREFICERIA. -
Argentré, Charles du Plessis d' (ARGENTRE, CHARLES DU PLESSIS D')
French theologian, b. at the castle of Plessis, near Vitré, on 16 May 1673, d. at Tulle on 27 Oct. 1740. He studied at the Sorbonne and obtained his doctorate… -
Argiolas, Antonio
Priest, educator: b. at Pirri (Cagliari) on 14 Oct. 1834, d. at Cagliari on 27 June 1914. Having obtained a doctorate in theology, he devoted his entire life… -
Argob
1. A warrior or official of the court of Facce, king of Israel, with whom he was killed in Samaria by Facce (II Kings 15:25). 2. A region of Bashan, belonging… -
Argyll and the Isles, Diocese of (ARGYLL E ISOLE, DIOCESI DI)
In Scotland, a suffragan diocese of St. Andrews and Edinburgh. Created around 1200, separating it from Dunkeld, it remained vacant in 1579 and was… -
Argyropoulos, John (ARGIROPULO, GIOVANNI)
Byzantine humanist, b. in Constantinople around 1415, d. in Rome on June 26, 1487; he was one of the principal architects of the Italian Renaissance of the… -
Aria
This name was given to various forms of composition that were continually renewed both in the field of sacred and religious music and in that of secular music.… -
Ariadne, Saint, Martyr (ARIANNA, SANTA, MARTIRE)
Called Maria in the Latin (BHL, 5422) and Syriac (BHO, 682) versions of the Greek Passio (BHG, 165), she was the slave of a certain Tertullus, a wealthy lord… -
Ariald, Saint (ARIALDO, SANTO)
Leader of the reform movement in Milan, under the episcopate of Archbishop Guido da Velate (1045-71), the man elected by Henry III in opposition to the reform… -
Arianism (ARIANESIMO)
It is the great heresy of the 4th century. Its doctrine and history are very complex; therefore the treatment will be divided into two parts: doctrinal… -
Ariano, Diocese of (ARIANO, DIOCESI DI)
In the Irpinian region, province of Avellino, suffragan of Benevento, it has 24 parishes, 44 diocesan priests and 9 regulars. Area of the diocese: 463 sq km… -
Arias de Armenta, Alvaro
Jesuit ascetical writer, b. in Seville in 1577, d. in Rome on 29 January 1643. Having entered the Society in 1593, he was rector of the novitiates of Montilla… -
Arias, Francisco
Ascetical writer, b. in Seville in 1533, entered the Society of Jesus in 1561, being already a priest and a graduate of the University of Alcalá, d. in Seville… -
Arias Montano, Benito
Spanish Orientalist, exegete and humanist, b. in 1527 at Fregenal de la Sierra, d. at Seville on 6 July 1598. A priest around 1555, he made his religious… -
Aribert (Eribert) d'Antimiano (ARIBERTO (ERIBERTO) D'ANTIMIANO)
Archbishop of Milan (1018-45), a descendant of a knightly Lombard lineage, he was a prince of the Church more political than religious, implicated in all the… -
Aribert (Haribet, commonly Heribert), Saint (ARIBERTO (HARIBERT, COMUNEMENTE HERIBERT), SANTO)
Son of Count Hugh of Worms, b. c. 970, d. 16 March 1021. Educated at Gorze and a counsellor of Otto III, in 999 he was elected archbishop of Cologne. Present… -
Aribo (ARIBONE)
Archbishop of Mainz (1021-31), from the family of the Bavarian counts palatine and therefore a relative of Emperor Henry II (1002-24). He began as a deacon at… -
Aribo Scholasticus (Aribo) (ARIBONE SCOLASTICO (ARIBO SCHOLASTICUS))
Musician, who lived in the 11th century. Together with John of Liège, he was the well-known and authoritative popularizer of the theories of Guido d'Arezzo. He… -
Arichat
ARICHAT: v. ANTIGONISH. -
Arici, Cesare
Neoclassical poet, b. June 12, 1782 in Brescia, d. 1836. He was first enrolled in the criminal court, and then was professor of eloquence and history at the… -
Ariel (ARIEL)
A biblical Hebrew term which, because of its double etymology (from 'āri' "lion" and from 'ārah' "to burn"), means now "lion of God" and now "hearth of God,"… -
Ari Froði Þorgilsson (Ari, the Wise, Son of Þorgils) (ARI FRODHI THORGILSSON (ARIO, IL SAVIO, FIGLIO DI THORGILS))
Priest and first Icelandic historian, b. in 1067, d. in 1148. He wrote the history of Iceland from 874 up to 1120 in the Islandingābok or Historical Book of… -
Ariman
ARIMAN: v. AHRIMAN. -
Arimathea (ARIMATEA)
A city of Judea, the homeland of the Sanhedrist Joseph (v.) of A. (Mt. 27:57; Mk. 15:43; Lk. 23:51; Jn. 19:38). On the basis of the data of Eusebius and St.… -
Aringhi, Paolo
Oratorian, b. in Rome in 1600, d. there in 1676. He was very well known for the Latin translation of Bosio's Roma sotterranea (v.), which he published in 1651… -
Arinna, Goddess of (ARINNA, DEA DI)
A. was a great city of the kingdom of the Hittites, identified with the present-day Kara-Sehir-Hujuk, near the thermal springs of Ujuz Hamman. The city was… -
Arintero-Gonzales, Juan
Dominican theologian and writer, b. at Lugueros (province of León) in Spain on 24 June 1860, d. at Salamanca on 20 Feb. 1928. Having taken the Dominican habit… -
Arioch
Name of three biblical figures. 1. One of the four eastern kings who invaded Canaan as far as the Pentapolis (v.) and were driven back by Abraham (Gen. 14:1… -
Ariosto, Ludovico
1. LIFE. - Born September 18, 1474 in Reggio Emilia to Count Niccolò, captain of the citadel, and to Daria Malaguzzi Valeri. Having moved with his family to… -
Aristace (Rastakes)
Younger son of St. Gregory the Illuminator, educated in Caesarea of Cappadocia, he chose the eremitic life at a young age, until Tiridates, king of Armenia… -
Aristarchus of Samos (ARISTARCO DA SAMO)
Greek mathematician and astronomer, who lived between 310 and 230 B.C. He had the great merit of stating and defending the same hypotheses that underlie the… -
Aristarchus, Saint (ARISTARCO, SANTO)
A Christian of Thessalonica, converted from Judaism, companion and collaborator of St. Paul, with whom he appears at Ephesus on his third apostolic journey.… -
Aristea
Pseudonym of the author of the Letter to Philocrates, which narrates the origin of the Greek biblical version of the Septuagint (v.). Some, however, like B.… -
Aristeno, Alessio
Byzantine canonist of the 12th century, who wrote his Commentaries on the Synopsis of the Canons at the request of the Emperor John Comnenus (1118-43). His… -
Aristides, Marcianus (ARISTIDE, MARCIANO)
One of the first Christian apologists. According to Eusebius (Hist. eccl., IV, 3, 3, and Chron., ad a. 2140) he was an Athenian philosopher and left an Apology… -
Aristion of Pella (ARISTONE DI PELLA)
This author is mentioned twice by name in ancient Christian literature. The first time by Eusebius (Hist. ecl., IV, 6, 3), who attributes to A. of Pella the… -
Aristion, Saint (ARISTIONE, SANTO)
A disciple of the Lord. Papias, in the preface to his Exposition of the Oracles of the Lord, says that he wishes to hand down what he had heard and learned… -
Aristippus, Enrico (ARISTIPPO, ENRICO)
Archbishop of Catania, he lived in the 12th century; of his life, scarcely a few facts are historically certain. In all likelihood born between 1105 and 1110… -
Aristobulus (ARISTOBULO)
Name of various members of the Hasmonean dynasty, two of whom were kings and a third was a claimant to the throne of Judah. - A. I (his Jewish name was Judah)… -
Aristobulus of Alexandria (ARISTOBULO DI ALESSANDRIA)
Hellenistic Jewish philosopher, who lived, it seems, in Alexandria at the time of Ptolemy IV Philometor (181-145 B.C.), to whom he dedicated his work, which is… -
Aristocracy (ARISTOCRAZIA)
In Plato and Aristotle it means a form of government: one constituted by men who stand out for their intellectual and moral qualities. According to the two… -
Aristotelianism (ARISTOTELISMO)
1. MEDIEVAL A. - An event of primary importance in the development of medieval thought, destined to produce first-rate consequences in intellectual life, was… -
Aristotle (ARISTOTELF)
Encomia prefixed to the editio princeps, edited by Aldo Manuzio, Venice 1495. in its simplicity admitting no change, "possesses itself" in the indivisible… -
Aristotle ('Αριστοτέλης) (ARISTOTELE ('ἈΡΙΣΤΟΤΈΛΗΣ))
The greatest Greek philosopher and one of the greatest of all time. SUMMARY: I. 1. LIFE. - 2. WORKS. - 3. Historical development of his thought. - 4. Division… -
Arius (ARIO)
Heresiarch, father of Arianism (v.), b. in 256 in Libya, d. in 336 at Constantinople. A disciple, it seems, of Lucian of Antioch, nothing is known of his life… -
Arizzara, Giacinto
Dominican of the 18th century, professor of Sacred Scripture and of Oriental languages at the University of Modena. As a Hebraist, not unworthy of his… -
Arjona, Manuel María de
Spanish poet b. in Osuna, near Seville, on 12 June 1771, d. in Madrid on 25 July 1820. His sources of inspiration can be reduced to three: Latin literature… -
Ark (ARCA)
Latin name used as a synonym for sarcophagus (v.) located above ground in ancient Christian cemeteries (v.). It is used, from the end of the 4th century to the… -
Ark (of Noah) (ARCA (DI NOÈ))
A large floating wooden receptacle, which Noah before the flood (v.) built by God's command, as a refuge for himself, his family and all the animal species… -
Ark of the Covenant (ALLEANZA, ARCA DELLA)
ALLEANZA, ARCA della: v. ARCA DELL'ALLEANZA. -
Ark (of the Covenant), Ark of the Testimony (ARCA (DELL'ALLEANZA), ARCA DELLA TESTIMONIANZA)
Thus the Pentateuch designates the most important and ancient object of Israelite worship from Moses to the exile; the other sacred books also call it the "Ark… -
Arles
City of south-eastern France, in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône, with a population of about 29,000 inhabitants, A. was an archiepiscopal see, suppressed by… -
Arlincourt, Charles-Victor Prévost D' (ARLINCOURT, CHARLES-VICTOR PRÉVOT D')
ARLINCOURT, CHARLES-VICTOR PRÉVOT d': v. PRÉVOT, CHARLES-VICTOR. -
Arlotto da Prato
Franciscan theologian, b. at Prato, d. at Paris in 1286. He studied at Paris and, having become a « magister », taught theology at least from 1281. From 1282… -
Arlotto, Pievano
ARLOTTO, PIEVANO: v. MAINARDI, ARLOTTO. -
Arma Christi
ARMA CHRISTI: v. PASSIONE, STRUMENTI della. -
Armadio
In the mosaics of the mausoleum of Galla Placidia in Ravenna and in a miniature of the Codex Amiatinus (Florence, Laurentian Library) we have the oldest… -
Armagedon (ARMAGEDON)
Hebrew name ("mount of Megiddo") of the place where, after the Angel has poured out the sixth bowl, the "kings of all the earth," allies of the… -
Armagh, Archdiocese of (ARMAGH, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
With its seat at Armagh, a city of northern Ireland about 120 km north of Dublin, the capital of a county. The name derives from the Gaelic Ard Macha, height… -
Armagnac, Georges D'
Cardinal, b. probably in 1507, d. June 5, 1585. He received a fine education, especially at the court of the King of Navarre. He was protected by Margaret of… -
Armaiti
ARMAITI: v. AMEŠA SPENTA. -
Armand, Ernest
French diplomat b. in Paris on 6 March 1828, d. there on 28 Nov. 1898. First secretary of embassy in Rome, he served there as chargé d'affaires while awaiting… -
Armando de Bellovisu (Armand de Belvezer)
Dominican philosopher and theologian, b. in Provence in the second half of the 13th century: the date of his death is likewise uncertain. The surviving notices… -
Armania y Font, Francisco
Spanish Augustinian, b. June 3, 1718 at Villanueva y Geltrú (Barcelona), d. at Tarragona on May 4, 1803. He was master of novices for 25 years, bishop of Lugo… -
Armannino da Bologna
Born in Bologna, he was a notary at Fabriano in 1320. His fame is linked to the Fiorita d'Italia, a history of the human race from the creation of the world to… -
Armellini, Carlo
Lawyer, triumvir of the Roman Republic, b. in Rome in 1777, d. at Saint-Josse-ten-Noode (Belgium) in 1863. During the Jacobin invasion of Rome (1798), A., a… -
Armellini de' Medici, Francesco
Cardinal, b. at Perugia or at Fossato (diocese of Nocera) in 1469, d. at Rome in 1527. The son of merchants, he changed his surname Pantalassi for that of a…