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A Priori and A Posteriori(A PRIORI E A POSTERIORI)Vol. I, p. 1015 A PRIORI and A POSTERIORI. — Technical expressions of philosophical language, with varied meanings. Their origin goes back to Aristotle, who in the Analyt.…
Apathy (Ἀπάθεια)(APATIA (ἈΠΌΘΕΤΑ))Vol. I, p. 953 APATHY (ἀπόθετα). – Etymologically, it is equivalent to the “absence of passions” and to imperturbability of the soul. 1. EASTERN ASCETICISM. – The term a. is…
Apaturia (Ἀπατούρια)(APATURIE (ἈΠΑΤΣΎΡΙΑ))Vol. I, p. 954 APATURIAE (ἀπατσύρια). — The etymology is certainly from the copulative à and πάτορες, that is, the festival of those who have common ancestors. It was in fact…
Apelles(APELLE)Vol. I, p. 954 APELLE. - A disciple of Marcione, from whom he separated, going for some time to Alessandria and then returning to Roma. He wrote a large volume of Syllogisms…
Apennines (Apennis, Adpennes)(APPENNES (APENNIS, ADPENNES))Vol. I, p. 1013 APPENNES (apennis, adpennes). — This designation is customarily used to distinguish a particular type of document that feudal authorities, both lay and…
Aperi DomineVol. I, p. 954 «APERI DOMINE».—Prayer with which the divine office begins. According to the admonition of Eccl. (18:23), the soul must prepare itself for prayer; for this…
Apertio Aurium(APERITIO AURIUM)Vol. I, p. 954 APERITIO AURIUM. - In the Western liturgies, before Baptism, following the example of Our Lord (Mc. 7:34), the priest moistens the ears and nostrils of the…
Apertio Oris(APERITIO ORIS)Vol. I, p. 955 APERITIO ORIS. - An expression in use in the Roman Curia, with a twofold meaning. It denotes first of all the procedure required in order that a measure issued…
Apharsachei (Apharsachei, Apharsatachei, Apharsei)(AFARSACHEI (APHARSACHEI, APHARSATACHEI, APHARSEI))Vol. I, p. 236 AFARSACHEI (Apharsachei, Apharsatachei, Apharsei). - Tribes brought by the Assyrians into Samaria at the time of the second colonization carried out by…
Aphasia(AFASIA)Vol. I, p. 236 AFASIA. – Difficulty or impossibility of speaking caused by alteration of particular areas of the cerebral cortex (language centres), on the left in…
Aphec (Hebrew 'Āphīq or 'Āphēq, "Fortress" or "Watercourse")(APHEC (EBR. 'ĀPHĪQ E 'ĀPHĒQ « FORTEZZA » O « CORSO D'ACQUA »))Vol. I, p. 955 APHEC (Heb. ’Āphīq and ’Āphēq, “fortress” or “watercourse”). — Name of five localities in Palestine. 1. Canaanite city in the hill country of Judah, whose king…
Aphorism(AFORISMA)Vol. I, p. 242 AFORISMA. – More correctly aforisma, Greek ἀφωρισμός, “definition,” “maxim.” In medicine, the name Aphorisms refers above all to the homonymous little work by…
Aphraates (Syriac Aphrahat)(AFRAATE (SIRIACO APHRAHAT))Vol. I, p. 243 AFRAATE (Syriac Aphrahat). — He is the earliest great Syriac writer whose works we possess. Until 1835 his writings, known only in Armenian translation, were…
Aphrodite(AFRODITE)Vol. I, p. 269 AFRODITE. — Greek goddess of love. Various scholars derive her name from the Indo-Germanic languages and see in A. a Thessalian goddess who later spread to…
ApiVol. I, p. 955 API. – The bull A. (in Egyptian h'p'j, meaning “the runner”) was the most popular sacred animal of the Egyptians. It was honored especially at Memphis, where a…
Apiary(APIARIO)Vol. I, p. 956 APIARIO. - An unworthy priest of Sicca Veneria (Africa), known for two appeals to Rome. Excommunicated by his bishop, Urbano, he came to Rome and appealed to…
Apion(APIONE)Vol. I, p. 956 APIONE. - Alexandrian grammarian of the first half of the 1st century A.D., called Pleistonikès, “rich in victory,” because of his successes as an orator. He…
Apocalypse(APOCALISSE)Vol. I, p. 956 APOCALYPSE. - Prophetic book that concludes the New Testament. The title is taken from the first Greek word of the text (Ἀποκάλυψις Ἱησοῦ Χριστοῦ), which does…
Apocalypse of Abraham(APOCALISSE DI ABRAMO)Vol. I, p. 964 APOCALISSE di ABRAMO: v. ABRAMO.
Apocalypse of Baruch(APOCALISSE DI BARUCH)Vol. I, p. 964 APOCALISSE di BARUCH: v. BARUCH.
Apocalypse of John(APOCALISSE DI GIOVANNI)Vol. I, p. 964 APOCALISSE di GIOVANNI: v. GIOVANNI.
Apocalypse of Moses(APOCALISSE DI MOSÈ)Vol. I, p. 964 APOCALISSE di MOSÈ: v. MOSÈ.
Apocalypse of Paul(APOCALISSE DI PAOLO)Vol. I, p. 964 APOCALISSE di PAOLO: v. PAOLO.
Apocalypse of Peter(APOCALISSE DI PIETRO)Vol. I, p. 964 APOCALISSE di PIETRO: v. PIETRO.
Apocalypse of Stephen(APOCALISSE DI STEFANO)Vol. I, p. 964 APOCALISSE di STEFANO: v. STEFANO.
Apocalypse of Thomas(APOCALISSE DI TOMMASO)Vol. I, p. 964 APOCALISSE di TOMMASO: v. TOMMASO.
Apocalyptic Letters(APOCALITTICHE, LETTERE)Vol. I, p. 969 APOCALITTICHE, LETTERE: V. ALFA E OMEGA
Apocalyptic, Literature(APOCALITTICA, LETTERATURA)Vol. I, p. 964 APOCALYPTIC LITERATURE. - A body of pseudonymous Jewish writings that emerged between the 2nd century B.C. and the 2nd century A.D., which scholars have…
Apocatastasis(APOCATÄSTASI)Vol. I, p. 969 APOCATÄSTASI. – A Greek word (ἀποκατάστασις) which etymologically means “to restore something to its primitive place.” It is used only once in Sacred…
Apocauco, GiovanniVol. I, p. 970 APOCAUCO, GIOVANNI. – Metropolitan of Naupaktos (12th–13th centuries). Educated in Constantinople, he was a deacon (ca. 1175–87) under his uncle Manasse,…
Apocrisiary(APOCRISARIO)Vol. I, p. 973 APOCRISARY. - From the Greek ἀποκρίνο, “I answer,” Latin responsalix, but also apocrisarius and apocrisarius, in the late Empire this was an official entrusted…
Apocrypha, Books(APOCRIFI, LIBRI)Vol. I, p. 970 APOCRIFI, LIBRI. — Jewish and Christian writings presenting themselves as biblical books, composed between the 2nd century B.C. and the 4th–6th centuries A.D.…
Apocryphal Epistles to the Corinthians(CORINTI, EPISTOLE APOCRIFE AI)Vol. IV, p. 326 CORINTHIANS, APOCRYPHAL EPISTLES ai. — Brief letter of the C. and a somewhat longer reply from Paul (III C.), apparently suggested, respectively, by I Cor. 7:1…
Apodeipnon (Ἀπόδειπνον)(APODIPNON (ἈΠΌΔΕΙΠΝΟΝ))Vol. I, p. 973 APODIPNON (ἀπόδειπνον). - In churches of the Byzantine rite, it is a divine office intended to implore blessing during sleep, originating in the monasteries of…
Apodosis (Ἀπόδοσις)(APODOSI (ἈΠΌΔΟΣΙΣ))Vol. I, p. 973 APODOSI (ἀπόδοσις). – It is the deposition, or conclusion, of a feast that has continued for several days. In the Byzantine rite, in fact, the principal feasts…
Apodyterium (Ἀποδυτήριον)Vol. I, p. 973 APODYTERIUM (ἀποδυτήριον). — It was the changing room near the bathing area. In Eastern churches it corresponds to the sacristy.
Apolitikion (Ἀπολυτίκιον)Vol. I, p. 973 APOLITIKION (ἀπολυτίκιον). – It is a troparion, that is, a brief hymnographic stanza, which in the Greek liturgy is generally sung at the end of an office. It…
Apollinare Della Concezione (Da Conceição)Vol. I, p. 973 APOLLINARE della CONCEZIONE (da Conceição). - Portuguese Franciscan, historian, and ascetical writer. B. in Lisbon on 23 July 1692; d. there in the earthquake…
Apollinare, Bishop of Hierapolis(APOLLINARE, VESCOVO DI GERAPOLI)Vol. I, p. 974 APOLLINARE, bishop of GERAPOLI. – Presiding over the see of Gerapoli in the second half of the 2nd century, he was an authoritative opponent of emerging…
Apollinare, Bishop of Laodicea(APOLLINARE, VESCOVO DI LAODICEA)Vol. I, p. 974 APOLLINARE, bishop of LAODICEA. – Son of the Alexandrian grammarian of the same name, he was born at Laodicea in Syria around 310. He had already been ordained…
Apollinare, Bishop of Ravenna, Saint(APOLLINARE, VESCOVO DI RAVENNA, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 975 APOLLINARE, bishop of RAVENNA, saint. – He was the first to occupy the episcopal see of Ravenna; the presence of his eleventh successor at the Council of…
Apollinare, Bishop of Valence, Saint(APOLLINARE, VESCOVO DI VALENCE, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 976 APOLLINARE, bishop of VALENCE, saint. - Son of the senator Isicius and brother of the poet s. Avito, both bishops of Vienne. Born about 453; apparently a…
ApollinarisVol. I, p. 977 APOLLINARIS. — A quarterly legal journal (predominantly devoted to canon law), published under the auspices of the Pontificium Institutum Utriusque Iuris…
Apollinaris Sidonius(APOLLINARE SIDONIO)Vol. I, p. 977 APOLLINARE SIDONIO. — Gaius Sollius Modestus A. S. was born at Lugdunum between 430 and 433. After the customary course of studies, in which he cultivated…
ApolloVol. I, p. 977 APOLLO. — God of Greece, one of the most popular deities of the Hellenic religion. His origin is uncertain, and his name has resisted the efforts of…
Apolloni, GibolamoVol. I, p. 979 APOLLONI, GIBOLAMO. - Josephite missionary, b. at Carrè (Vicenza) in 1865, d. 20 Nov. 1932 at Rome. Among the best disciples of the theologian Murialdo,…
Apollonia of Macedonia(APOLLONIA DI MACEDONIA)Vol. I, p. 980 APOLLONIA di MACEDONIA. – A city of Mygdonia, later of eastern or “first” Macedonia: today Pollina, situated south of Lake Bolbe (today Besik). Dedicated to…
Apollonia, Saint, Martyr(APOLLONIA, SANTA, MARTIRE)Vol. I, p. 979 APOLLONIA, Saint, Martyr. — A virgin of Alexandria, martyred in Alexandria of Egypt during a local uprising against Christians shortly before the outbreak of…
Apollonius(APOLLONIO)Vol. I, p. 980 APOLLONIO. - Four (or three) officials of the Seleucid kings, mentioned in I and II Mach. 1. A., son of Mnesteo, military governor of Coelesyria and Phoenicia…
Apollonius of Tyana(APOLLONIO DI TIANA)Vol. I, p. 981 APOLLONIO di TIANA. — Everything concerning this figure is the product of the reaction that Eastern-Hellenistic religious syncretism opposed to the advent and…
Apollonius the Senator, Saint, Martyr(APOLLONIO IL SENATORE, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. I, p. 980 APOLLONIO il SENATORE, saint, martyr. — Put to death around 185, a Roman senator according to s. Girolamo, whereas Eusebius makes him a man known among the…
Apollonius, Antimontanist(APOLLONIO, ANTIMONTANISTA)Vol. I, p. 980 APOLLONIUS, ANTI-MONTANIST. — Information about him is preserved by Eusebius (Hist. eccl., V, 18), from whose quotations we learn that he wrote about 40 years…
Apologetics(APOLOGETICA)Vol. I, p. 981 APOLOGETICS. — Apologetics is the science that demonstrates the rational credibility of the Catholic faith. In this definition, the word “science” is not…
Apologetics, Literature(APOLOGETICA, LETTERATURA)Vol. I, p. 986 APOLOGETICS, LITERATURE. – If apologetics, considered as an autonomous science, is of recent origin, the apologies that prepared the way for it go back to the…
Apologia in the Mass(APOLOGIA NELLA MESSA)Vol. I, p. 991 APOLOGIA IN THE MASS. — This name designated in the ancient liturgy certain prayers that the priest recited to implore forgiveness for his own sins. They were…
Apolysis (Ἀπόλοισις)(APOLISI (ἈΠΌΛΟΙΣ))Vol. I, p. 973 APOLISI (ἀπόλοις). – In the Byzantine rite, this denotes the dismissal of the faithful at the end of the sacred liturgy and of the other divine services. In…
Apomirism (τὸ Ἀπομίρισμα)(APOMIRISMO (ΤῸ ἈΠΟΜΎΡΙΣΜΑ))Vol. I, p. 991 APOMIRISMO (τὸ ἀπομύρισμα). — It was the practice of anointing the body or some diseased part with ointment that issued from the relics or tomb of certain…
Aponius(APONIO)Vol. I, p. 991 APONIO. - Biographical data concerning this writer are lacking; it can only be said that he was probably of Eastern origin and that he seems to have written in…
Apophthegmata PatrumVol. I, p. 991 APOPHTHEGMATA PATRUM. – Apophthegm means a witty and sententious saying or reply, uttered by an oracle or an illustrious personage. Among the Greeks there are…
Apophthegms(APOFTEGMI)Vol. I, p. 973 APOFTEGMI: v. APOPHTEGMATA PATRUM.
Apoplexy (Stroke Or Apoplectic Fit)(APOPLESSIA (ICTUS O COLPO APOPLETTICO))Vol. I, p. 992 APOPLESSIA (ictus or apoplectic stroke). — Sudden abolition of the individual’s sensitivity, motility, and external consciousness (v. COMA) due to destructive…
Aporti, FerranteVol. I, p. 992 APORTI, FERRANTE. — The name of A., born at S. Martino dell’Argine in the Mantuan region on 20 November 1791 and deceased at Turin on 29 November 1858, is…
Apostasy(ABIURA)Vol. I, p. 81 ABIURA. — Retraction of an error in matters of faith. In classical Latin and in Late Latin (cf. Du Cange, Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis, Paris…
Apostasy(APOSTASIA)Vol. I, p. 993 APOSTASIA. — It is the complete abandonment of the faith by one who has received Baptism, and it is distinguished from heresy, which consists in the conscious…
Apostles(APOSTOLI)Vol. I, p. 996 APOSTOLI. — In medieval canonical procedural law, this was the name given to the letters that the lower judge had to transmit, within a निर्धारित period, to…
Apostles (Gr. Ἀπόστολος "Sent One", from ἀποστέλλω)(APOSTOLI (GR. ἈΠΌΣΤΟΛΟΣ «INVIATO», DA ἈΠΟΣΤΈΛΛΩ))Vol. I, p. 996 APOSTOLI (Gr. ἀπόστολος “one sent,” from ἀποστέλλω). — Title of the twelve collaborators chosen by Jesus, to whom he entrusted the continuation and completion…
Apostles' Creed(APOSTOLI, SIMBOLO DEGLI)Vol. I, p. 1002 APOSTOLI, SIMBOLO DEGLI: V. SIMBOLO DEGLI APOSTOLI.
Apostleship of Prayer(APOSTOLATO DELLA PREGHIERA)Vol. I, p. 994 APOSTOLATO DELLA PREGHIERA. – An association of a religious character, in which the faithful participate in the establishment of the reign of the Sacred Heart…
Apostleship of the Sea(APOSTOLATO DEL MARE)Vol. I, p. 995 APOSTOLATE OF THE SEA. — A complex of Catholic initiatives for the religious, moral, and social assistance of seafarers throughout the world. The nature,…
Apostolate(APOSTOLATO)Vol. I, p. 994 APOSTOLATE. — 1) In its proper and literal sense, it generally means the work of one who devotes himself entirely to the dissemination of religious, moral, and…
Apostolic Administrator(AMMINISTRATORE APOSTOLICO)Vol. I, p. 665 APOSTOLIC ADMINISTRATOR. - This is the name given to the ecclesiastic appointed by the Holy See to govern, in an extraordinary capacity, a diocese or a part of…
Apostolic Almonry(ELEMOSINERIA APOSTOLICA)Vol. V, p. 148 APOSTOLIC ALMONRY. — This is the palatine office that regulates the distribution of papal subsidies and rescripts of Apostolic Blessings. Its establishment as…
Apostolic Brethren(APOSTOLICI)Vol. I, p. 1002 APOSTOLICI. — 1. Followers of a heretical movement that sought to restore a rigorous ascetic life after the example of the apostles. The earliest information…
Apostolic Brothers(FRATELLI APOSTOLICI)Vol. V, p. 1013 FRATELLI APOSTOLICI: V. APOSTOLICI.
Apostolic Camera(CAMERA APOSTOLICA)Vol. III, p. 269 CAMERA APOSTOLICA. – The term C. A., which from the beginning of the 11th century prevailed over the other analogous terms fiscus, palatium, arca, and saccus,…
Apostolic Canons(CANONI APOSTOLICI)Vol. III, p. 343 CANONI APOSTOLICI. - To the eighth book of the Apostolic Constitutions are appended 85 apostolic canons (Didascalia et Constitutiones apostolorum, ed. F. X.…
Apostolic Constitutions(COSTITUZIONI APOSTOLICHE)Vol. IV, p. 461 COSTITUZIONI APOSTOLICHE. — A pseudo-apostolic writing. It is stated therein (VI, 18, 11) that it was sent to the Church by the Apostles through Clement and…
Apostolic Dataria(DATARIA APOSTOLICA)Vol. IV, p. 727 DATARIA APOSTOLICA. – It is one of the offices of the Roman Curia. The name derives from datare (datum apud S. Petrum), since its special function was to affix…
Apostolic Fathers(APOSTOLICI, PADRI)Vol. I, p. 1003 APOSTOLICI, PADRI: v. PADRI APOSTOLICI.
Apostolic Fathers(PADRI APOSTOLICI)Vol. IX, p. 332 APOSTOLIC FATHERS. - Since J.-B. Cotelier (d. 1686) brought together in one collection the works of Barnaba, Clemente di Roma, Ignazio, Policarpo, and Erma as…
Apostolic Internuncio(INTERNUNZIO APOSTOLICO)Vol. VII, p. 82 APOSTOLIC INTERNUNCIO. — The term internuntius is used in the briefs of Leo X to designate an envoy who exercises the office of ambassador until the sovereign…
Apostolic Nunciature(NUNZIATURA APOSTOLICA)Vol. VIII, p. 1181 APOSTOLIC NUNCIATURE. — The active and passive right of legation (v.), that is, of sending and receiving diplomatic representatives, derives to the Holy See…
Apostolic Nuncio(NUNZIO APOSTOLICO)Vol. VIII, p. 1182 NUNZIO APOSTOLICO. – According to the modern concept, he is a titular archbishop sent by the Supreme Pontiff as his representative, with a permanent commission…
Apostolic Penitentiary(PENITENZIERIA APOSTOLICA)Vol. IX, p. 692 PENITENZIERIA APOSTOLICA: v. TRIBUNALI DELLA S. SEDE.
Apostolic Penitentiary Signatura(SEGNATURA DELLA PENITENZIERIA APOSTOLICA)Vol. XI, p. 163 Apostolic Penitentiary Signature: v. TRIBUNALS OF THE HOLY SEE. (from P. S. Opere, Parma 1781, plate after p. 8) SEGNERI, PAOLO - Portrait. Engraving by A.…
Apostolic Preacher(PREDICATORE APOSTOLICO)Vol. IX, p. 1142 APOSTOLIC PREACHER. — He is the preacher chosen by the Supreme Pontiff to preach on appointed days before him, the cardinals, bishops, superiors and…
Apostolic Prefect(PREFETTO APOSTOLICO)Vol. IX, p. 1145 APOSTOLIC PREFECT. - The apostolic prefecture is governed by a prelate who bears the name of apostolic prefect; he, together with the apostolic vicar and the…
Apostolic Prefecture and Apostolic Prefect(PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA E PREFETTO APOSTOLICO)Vol. IX, p. 1145 APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE and APOSTOLIC PREFECT. — An apostolic prefecture is an ecclesiastical territory with defined boundaries, not erected as a diocese,…
Apostolic Prefecture of Fort Jameson(FORT JAMESON, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. V, p. 916 FORT JAMESON, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. - The territory of the apostolic prefecture of F. J. was detached from the apostolic vicariate of Nyassa and from that…
Apostolic Prefecture of Sokode(SOKODE, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. XI, p. 553 SOKODE, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. - It is situated in French Togo and was erected on 18 May 1937 from the northern territory of the apostolic vicariate of Togo,…
Apostolic Prefecture of Thakhek(THAKHEK, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. XII, p. 45 THAKHEK, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. – It is located in Laos—a country governed as a constitutional monarchy—and comprises four civil provinces, namely Cammon,…
Apostolic Protonotaries(PROTONOTARI APOSTOLICI)Vol. X, p. 132 PROTONOTARI APOSTOLICI. – The title of protonotary is first found in the fourteenth century (Ordo romanus XIV, chap. 70; cf. also P. Hinschius, Kirchenrecht…
Apostolic Signatura(SEGNATURA APOSTOLICA)Vol. XI, p. 163 SEGNATURA APOSTOLICA: v. TRIBUNALI DELLA S. SEDE.
Apostolic Union(UNIONE APOSTOLICA)Vol. XII, p. 505 APOSTOLIC UNION. - Priestly association, founded under the title “U. A. of the diocesan priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus” in France in 1862 by the honorary…
Apostolic Vicariate of Fort-Dauphin(FORT-DAUPHIN, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. V, p. 914 FORT-DAUPHIN, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. - The evangelization of the territory of the present apostolic vicariate of F.-D. (Madagascar) began in 1648, when St.…
Apostolic Vicariate of Thai-Binh(THAI-BINH, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. XII, p. 40 THAI-BINH, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. — Situated in eastern Tonkin (Vietnam), it comprises the province of the same name, the most densely populated in Indochina,…
Apostolic Vicariate of Thare(THARÉ, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. XII, p. 47 THARÉ, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. — It is located in Siam or Thailand, and comprises the entire northeastern part, namely Phak Isan, divided into fifteen…
Apostolic Vicariate of the Islands T(VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DELLE ISOLE T)Vol. XII, p. 210 VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DELLE ISOLE T. - Protestants established themselves there in 1827 and, taking advantage of the ambitious chief of Haapaii, Taoufa-Ahaou,…
Apostolic Vicariate of Thessaloniki(VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI SALONICCO)Vol. XII, p. 29 APOSTOLIC VICARIATE OF SALONICCO. - It was erected on 18 March 1926 and comprises, besides T. or Salonico and its surroundings, Greek Thrace, Greek Macedonia,…
Apostolic Vicariate of Toungoo(TOUNGOO, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. XII, p. 256 TOUNGOO, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO di. — Situated in south-eastern Burma, west of the Salween River, it comprises the State of the Karens, the southern federated…
Apostolic Work for the Missionary's Trousseau(OPERA APOSTOLICA PER IL CORREDO DEL MISSIONARIO)Vol. IX, p. 117 APOSTOLIC WORK FOR THE MISSIONARY’S OUTFIT. — It originated in France in 1838 on the initiative of Maria Zoé Du Chesne, to send missionaries articles of…
Apostolicae CuraeVol. I, p. 1002 APOSTOLICAE CURAE: V. ORDINAZIONI ANGLICANE.
Apostolicae SedisVol. I, p. 1002 APOSTOLICAE SEDIS. - These are the opening words of the famous constitution promulgated by Pio IX on 12 October 1869 for the purpose of reorganizing, adapting…
Apostolicity(APOSTOLICITÀ)Vol. I, p. 1003 APOSTOLICITY. — It is the last of the four notes of the Church proclaimed in the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed (v. CHIESA). In saying that the Church is…
Apostolines (Apostolic Friars)(APOSTOLINI (FRATI APOSTOLICI))Vol. I, p. 1007 APOSTOLINI (APOSTOLIC FRIARS). — A religious congregation of the fifteenth century, so called by the people because its members, renouncing the vanities of the…
Apostolios, Aristobulus(APOSTOLIOS, ARISTOBULO)Vol. I, p. 1007 APOSTOLIOS, ARISTOBULO. — Greek ecclesiastic and scholar, archbishop of Monembasia, son of the famous scholar Michele, b. in 1465 at Candia (Crete), d. in 1535…
Apostolios, Michael(APOSTOLIOS, MICHELE)Vol. I, p. 1007 APOSTOLIOS, MICHELE. - Greek humanist, died about 1480 at the age of sixty. Taken prisoner by the Turks during the conquest of Constantinople, he was later…
Apostolos (Ὁ Ἀπόστολος)Vol. I, p. 1008 APOSTOLOS (ὁ ἀπόστολος). – In the Byzantine liturgy, this is the book containing the Epistles and the Acts of the Apostles, or portions thereof. It is…
ApostolusVol. I, p. 1008 APOSTOLUS: v. EPISTOLARIO.
Apotactics(APOTATTICI)Vol. I, p. 1008 APOTATTICI. - A sect (ἀποτακτικοί, from ἀποτάσσομαι, “I renounce”), with ascetic pretensions, which arose in the third century and was very widespread in Asia…
Apotheosis (Greek Ἀποθέωσις, Latin Consecratio)(APOTEOSI (GR. ἈΠΟΘΈΩΣΙΣ, LAT. CONSECRATIO))Vol. I, p. 1008 APOTEOSI (Gr. Ἀποθέωσις, Lat. consecratio). — In Rome, the deification of the emperor after death. The origin of the rite is to be sought in the Syrian East,…
Apothesis(APOTESI)Vol. I, p. 1008 APOTESI: v. DIACONICO.
Apotropaic Rites(APOTROPAICI, RITI)Vol. I, p. 1008 APOTROPAICI, RITI: v. RITO.
Apparition(APPARIZIONE)Vol. I, p. 1008 APPARITION. – A supernatural and sensible manifestation by which a spiritual or corporeal object becomes present to the external or internal senses. The…
Apparitor(APPARITORE)Vol. I, p. 1008 APPARITORE. – He is a kind of bailiff assigned to ecclesiastical tribunals, to whom the functions relating to the compulsory enforcement of judgments and other…
Appeal(APPELLO)Vol. I, p. 1010 APPELLO. — In its broadest meaning, this word may designate any complaint lodged against a measure of the authority by one who claims to have been harmed by…
Appeal(RICORSO)Vol. X, p. 522 RICORSO. – The term is used in the various branches of law with different meanings, which may nevertheless be summarized in a single one: as a means of appeal…
Appeal for Abuse(APPELLO PER ABUSO)Vol. I, p. 1012 APPELLO PER ABUSO. — This expression designates recourse to the civil authority—on grounds of incompetence, violation of the law, or excess of power—against a…
Appeal to the Ecumenical Council(APPELLO AL CONCILIO ECUMENICO)Vol. I, p. 1012 APPEAL TO THE ECUMENICAL COUNCIL: v. AUTORITÀ ECCLESIASTICHE, delitti contro le.
Appel, JohannesVol. I, p. 1009 APPEL, JOHANNES. — Born at Grünsfeld in 1645, died in Rome in 1700. Ordained a priest at Würzburg, from 1680 onward he resided in Rome as procurator of the…
Appellants(APPELLANTI)Vol. I, p. 1010 APPELLANTI: v. GIANSENISMO.
Appelmans, GheraertVol. I, p. 1013 APPELMANS, GHERAERT. - Flemish hermit, who lived between about 1250 and 1325, known only as a mystical writer, for his original and profound commentary on the…
Appendini, FrancescoVol. I, p. 1013 APPENDINI, FRANCESCO. - Born at Poirino in Piedmont on 6 Nov. 1769. Piarist on 15 Apr. 1787. Sent while still very young to Ragusa, he made that city his…
Apperception(APPERCEZIONE)Vol. I, p. 1013 APPERCEPTION. - A term that came into use with Leibniz (v.), who, by distinguishing between perception and a., claimed to avoid the difficulties encountered by…
Appetite(APPETITO)Vol. I, p. 1014 APPETITO: v. INCLINAZIONE.
Appia, GiorgioVol. I, p. 1014 APPIA, GIORGIO. - Waldensian pastor, son of Paolo, b. 1827, d. 1910. At Torre Pellice, between 1854 and 1855, A. founded a hospice for boys, an orphanage for…
Appiani, AndreaVol. I, p. 1014 APPIANI, ANDREA. — Painter, born in Milan on 23 May 1754, died there on 8 November 1817. Under his teacher Carlo Maria Giudici, wholly absorbed in Mengs’s…
Appiani, Luigi AntonioVol. I, p. 1014 APPIANI, LUIGI ANTONIO. - Lazarist missionary, b. at Dogliani (Cuneo) in 1663, d. at Canton (photo Alinari) APPIANI, ANDREA - Self-portrait - Florence, Uffizi…
Appregation(APPREGAZIONE)Vol. I, p. 1014 APPREGAZIONE: v. DOCUMENTO.
Apprehension(APPRENSIONE)Vol. I, p. 1014 APPRENSIONE. - In philosophical, chiefly scholastic, language, a. (from ad-prehendere, to take, to grasp) denotes, in a broad sense, every perceptive act by…
Apprenticeship, Contract of(TIROCINIO, CONTRATTO DI)Vol. XII, p. 109 TIROCINIO, CONTRATTO di. — The contract of t. (or apprenticeship) is generally concluded for manual and technical work, but may also be concluded for clerical…
Appropriation(APPROPRIAZIONE)Vol. I, p. 1015 APPROPRIATION. - “Manifestation of the divine person through the attributes proper to the divine essence” (Sum. theol., 1ᵃ, q. 39, a. 1). This entry belongs to…
Apringius(APRINGIO)Vol. I, p. 1015 APRINGIO. - He was bishop of Pax Iulia (now Béja) in southern Lusitania (Portugal), in the time of Teude, king of the Visigoths (531-48). His writings cannot…
Apriorism(APRIORISMO)Vol. I, p. 1016 APRIORISM. — A philosophical term derived from the expression a priori. In its most common meaning today, it designates every method of study and research that…
Apsaras(APSÀRAS)Vol. I, p. 1016 APSÀRAS. - This name means “she who moves in the water” and denotes an Indian water divinity, akin to the Greek Nereid. Already in the Rgueda, X, 123, 5, the…
Apse(ABSIDE)Vol. I, p. 110 ABSIDE - 1. Manoppello, S. M. d'Arabona (13th century). (Gavini, St. dell'Arch. in Abruzzo). - 2. Chiusi, S. Vittore (11th century). (Toesca, St. dell'arte…
Apse (from Greek ἀφίς "Joint" and later also "Arch, Vault"), or Exedra(ABSIDE (DAL GR. ἈΦΊΣ « GIUNTURA » E POI ANCHE « ARCO, VOLTA »), OVVERO EXEDRA)Vol. I, p. 108 ABSIDE (from Greek ἀφίς “joint” and subsequently also “arch, vault”), or exedra. — This is a semicircular structure with a hemispherical vault, used in Roman…
ApsuVol. I, p. 1017 APSU. - It is a Semitized Sumerian word, which in Sumerian was written ZU-AB and read abzu, with the meaning “house of wisdom” (?). This etymology (ab “house,”…
AptVol. I, p. 1017 APT. - City in the department of Vaucluse, on the Coulon river (France). It was founded by the Celtic tribe of the Vulgientes, occupied by the Romans at the…
Apulia(PUGLIA)Vol. X, p. 191 PUGLIA. – I. GEOGRAPHY. – Historical region formed by the Adriatic slope of the Apennines SE of the Fortore and by the Salentine Peninsula. Four distinct…
