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Ad Beneplacitum NostrumVol. I, p. 194 AD BENEPLACITUM NOSTRUM. – This is a clause sometimes used in rescripts or other ecclesiastical decrees, with a value equivalent to the expressions: donee…
Ad BestiasVol. I, p. 194 AD BESTIAS. - Among the Romans, damnatio or datio ad b. was the penalty inflicted on parricides, murderers, seditionists, arsonists, and sometimes prisoners of…
Ad CatacumbasVol. I, p. 197 AD CATACUMBAS: see CATACUMBAS, cemetery in.
Ad Catholici SacerdotiiVol. I, p. 197 « AD CATHOLICI SACERDOTII ». — The opening words of the encyclical with which Pius XI (20 Dec. 1935: AAS, 28 [1936], pp. 5–53), on the occasion of his priestly…
Ad Corpus, BasilicaVol. I, p. 197 AD CORPUS, BASILICA. — This is the technical term used by archaeologists to designate a basilica built near or over the body of a saint, in his honor or in…
Ad Duas LaurosVol. I, p. 199 AD DUAS LAUROS : v. INTER DUAS LAUROS.
Ad Hominem, Argument(AD HOMINEM, ARGOMENTO)Vol. I, p. 205 AD HOMINEM, ARGUMENT. — A form of indirect argument by which one reaches a conclusion against an opponent by starting from his own assertions and principles…
Ad LibitumVol. I, p. 207 AD LIBITUM. – This is an expression that has various uses in the liturgy. With regard to the “Rubrics,” it refers to the free use of certain “Collects” (v.).…
Ad Lucem (Association of Catholic and Missionary Lay University Students)(AD LUCEM (ASSOCIATION DES LAÏQUES UNIVERSITAIRE CATHOLÈQUES ET MISSIONNAIRES))Vol. I, p. 207 AD LUCEM (ASSOCIATION DES LAÏQUES UNIVERSITAIRE CATHOLÈQUES ET MISSIONNAIRES). — It was founded in Lille in 1931 among the students of the Catholic university…
Ad Mentem (Iuxta Mentem, Iuxta Modum)Vol. I, p. 207 AD MENTEM (iuxta mentem, iuxta modum). – This is one of the formulas frequently used in the customary replies issued by the dicasteries of the Roman Curia,…
Ad MetallaVol. I, p. 207 AD METALLA. — The sentence to forced labor in the mines a. m. was, after the death penalty, the most severe punishment, and was therefore called proxima morti…
Ad Multos AnnosVol. I, p. 208 AD MULTOS ANNOS. — A greeting and wish for long life that the consecrated bishop addresses to his consecrator at the end of the consecration ceremony,…
Ad NovatianumVol. I, p. 208 AD NOVATIANUM. - È un opuscolo pervenutoci, mutilo in fine, sotto il nome di s. Cipriano (v.). Prende posizione contro il rigorismo di Novaziano (v.) già…
Ad NutumVol. I, p. 208 AD NUTUM. – In current canon law, ecclesiastical offices are called a. n. when their holder may be removed at the superior’s discretion, without canonically…
Ad Regias Agni DapesVol. I, p. 218 «AD REGIAS AGNI DAPES». - A hymn for Vespers in Eastertide, by an unknown author, but already found in manuscripts of the sixth century. It may be called “the…
Ad SanctosVol. I, p. 228 AD SANCTOS. - This Latin expression (“near the saints”) designates the practice among ancient Christians of being buried, where possible, beside the tombs of…
Adalard, Saint(ADALARDO, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 181 ADALARDO, saint. - Cousin of Carlomagno, b. in Artois, probably at Huise near Audenarde in 733. After living at court, whose vices disgusted him, he withdrew…
Adalbero (Adalbert), Bishop of Würzburg(ADALBERONE (ADALBERTO), VESCOVO DI WÜRZBURG)Vol. I, p. 181 ADALBERONE (ADALBERTO), bishop of WÜRZBURG. — Born around 1010, died at Lambach on 6 October 1090. He studied in Paris, and on 30 June 1045 succeeded his uncle…
Adalbero I, Bishop of Metz(ADALBERONE I, VESCOVO DI METZ)Vol. I, p. 181 ADALBERONE I, bishop of METZ. — He was elected bishop of Metz in 929 and promoted and carried out the restoration of many abbeys, including those of Gorze…
Adalbero II, Bishop of Metz(ADALBERONE, II, VESCOVO DI METZ)Vol. I, p. 181 ADALBERONE, II, bishop of METZ. — Son of Federico, duke of Upper Lorraine, and of Beatrice, niece of Adalberone I. He was elected bishop of Metz on 16 October…
Adalbero, Archbishop of Reims(ADALBERONE, ARCIVESCOVÒ DI REIMS)Vol. I, p. 181 ADALBERONE, archbishop of REIMS. - Of the family of the counts of Ardenne, he was a Benedictine and abbot of Gorze and then canon of Metz, until, in 969,…
Adalbero, Bishop of Laon(ADALBERONE, VESCOVO DI LAON)Vol. I, p. 181 ADALBERONE, bishop of LAON. — Born around the middle of the 10th century, died in 1030. He was a disciple of Gerberto, the future Silvester II. On account of…
Adalbert (Aldebert)(ADALBERTO (ALDEBERTO))Vol. I, p. 181 ADALBERTO (ALDEBERTO). - Frankish heretical bishop, who lived in the eighth century. Although he had himself ordained by ignorant bishops, he boasted of…
Adalbert III, Archbishop of Salzburg(ADALBERTO III, ARCIVESCOVO DI SALISBURGO)Vol. I, p. 183 ADALBERTO III, archbishop of SALISBURGO. — Son of Ladislao, duke of Bohemia, he died in 1200. When he was elected archbishop, he was still a deacon; he…
Adalbert of Prague, Saint, Martyr(ADALBERTO DI PRAGA, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. I, p. 182 ADALBERTO of PRAGUE, saint, martyr. — Of Czech nationality, he was called Voitèch; among the Slavic peoples he is known and venerated under this name. Educated…
Adalbert, Abbot of Heidenheim(ADALBERTO, ABATE DI HEIDENHEIM)Vol. I, p. 182 ADALBERTO, abbot of HEIDENHEIM. — He lived around 1150. The work Vita s. Wunni-baldi et vita s. Willibaldi was attributed to him; it was published by Gretser…
Adalbert, Abbot of São João de Tarouca(ADALBERTO, ABATE DI SAN GIOVANNI DI TAROUCA)Vol. I, p. 183 ADALBERTO, abbot of SAN GIOVANNI DI TAROUCA. — Sent to Portugal by St. Bernard, together with other monks, under the leadership of Abbot Bohemond, he founded…
Adalbert, Archbishop of Bremen-Hamburg(ADALBERTO, ARCIVESCOVO DI BREMA-AMBURGO)Vol. I, p. 182 ADALBERTO, archbishop of BREMA-AMBURGO. — Born at the beginning of the eleventh century in Goslar, he died on 16 March 1072. He studied at Halberstadt; in 1032…
Adalbert, Archbishop of Magdeburg(ADALBERTO, ARCIVESCOVO DI MAGDEBURGO)Vol. I, p. 182 ADALBERTO, archbishop of MAGDEBURGO. - A Benedictine, of Lorrainer origin. Sent in 961 by William, archbishop of Mainz and son of Otto I, as a missionary…
Adalbert, Archbishop of Mainz(ADALBERTO, ARCIVESCOVO DI MAGONZA)Vol. I, p. 182 ADALBERTO, archbishop of MAGONZA. — Son of Count Sigehard of Saarbrücken, he was chancellor of Henry V, king of Germany. He was elected archbishop in 1109 and…
Adalbert, Bishop of Pomerania(ADALBERTO, VESCOVO DI POMERANIA)Vol. I, p. 182 ADALBERTO, bishop of POMERANIA. — He was the first in this see, consecrated in Rome by Pope Innocent II and confirmed in the election on 14 October 1140. He…
Adalbert, Monk and Provost of Speyer(ADALBERTO, MONACO E PREVOSTO DI SPIRA)Vol. I, p. 183 ADALBERTO, monk and provost of SPIRA. — He lived around the middle of the 11th century. Two letters sent by him to Bernold of Constance have survived, in which…
Adalgar, Saint, Archbishop of Bremen-Hamburg(ADALGARO, SANTO, ARCIVESCOVO DI BREMA-AMBURGO)Vol. I, p. 183 ADALGARO, saint, archbishop of BREMEN-HAMBURG. — Initially a monk of the monastery of Korvey (Westphalia), he was chosen by St. Rimberto, archbishop of…
Adalger (Adalgerus or Algerus; according to B. Pez: Adelher)(ADALGERO (ADALGERUS O ALGERUS; SECONDO B. PEZ: ADELHER))Vol. I, p. 183 ADALGERO (Adalgerus or Algerus; according to B. Pez: Adelher). - A Benedictine of the monastery, apparently, of Augusta in Bavaria and, according to some, also…
Adalgis, Saint(ADALGISO, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 183 ADALGISO, saint. — Bishop of Novara. The diptychs of this church assign him nineteen years of episcopate, which must have extended from 830 or 831 to 849 or…
Adaloald, King of the Lombards(ADALOALDO, RE DEI LONGOBARDI)Vol. I, p. 183 ADALOALDO, king of the LONGOBARDS. – Son of Agilufo and Teodolinda, b. in 602 and baptized at Easter in 603. The following year, in Milan, he was proclaimed…
AdamVol. I, p. 183 ADAM. – French Jansenist writer who conceals himself under the pseudonym A. According to some (cf. Reusch, II, p. 890), he was the Capuchin Osmont du Sollier.…
Adam de la Halle(ADAMO DE LA HALLE)Vol. I, p. 191 ADAMO de la HALLE. - French trouvère, b. near Arras in 1220, d. at Naples in 1287, also called le boste d'Arras. Destined for the priesthood, he married, then…
Adam of Bremen(ADAMO DI BREMA)Vol. I, p. 190 ADAMO di BREMA. – Chronicler of the 11th century, called the “first German historiographer,” born in eastern Franconia or Thuringia at an unknown date, died at…
Adam of Clermont(ADAMO DI CLERMONT)Vol. I, p. 190 ADAMO di CLERMONT. — Chronicler, who lived during the thirteenth century. He is credited with two works: a still unpublished Chronicon, which recounts the…
Adam of Courland(ADAMO DA COURLANDON)Vol. I, p. 191 ADAMO da COURLANDON. – Liturgist, exegete, and moral theologian, born at Courlandon (Champagne), dean of the chapter of Laon from 1195, died at Laon in 1233 or…
Adam of Domerham(ADAMO DI DOMERSHAM)Vol. I, p. 191 ADAMO of DOMERSHAM. — An English monk of Glastonbury Abbey, who lived in the 13th century. He wrote the Historia de rebus gestis Glastoniembus, published by T.…
Adam of Fulda(ADAMO DI FULDA)Vol. I, p. 191 ADAMO of FULDA. — Music theorist and composer, b. in 1445, d. shortly after 1517. Around 1490 he was at the Benedictine abbey of Vormbach near Passavia; in…
Adam of Marsh (de Marisco)(ADAMO DI MARSH (DE MARISCO))Vol. I, p. 191 ADAMO di MARSH (de Marisco). — Born toward the end of the twelfth century in Somerset, he completed his studies at Oxford, where he obtained his degrees in the…
Adam of Montaldo(ADAMO DI MONTALDO)Vol. I, p. 191 ADAMO di MONTALDO. — Augustinian, writer, active in the second half of the 15th century. His work De laudibus familiae de Aura was published by Muratori in the…
Adam of Murimuth(ADAMO DI MURIMUTH)Vol. I, p. 191 ADAMO di MURIMUTH. – English historiographer, b. in 1274 or 1275, d. in 1347. He graduated in law at Oxford and around 1312 became one of the rectors of that…
Adam of Perseigne(ADAMO DI PERSEIGNE)Vol. I, p. 191 ADAMO of PERSEIGNE. - First a regular canon, then a Benedictine and librarian at Marmoutier, and finally a Cistercian at the abbey of Pontigny, where he was…
Adam of Petit Pont(ADAMO di PETIT PONT)Vol. I, p. 192 ADAMO di PETIT PONT. — A native of the county of Cambridge, but so called from the Parisian quarter in which, after studying at the school of Matteo di Angers…
Adam of Saint Victor(ADAMO DI SAN VITTORE)Vol. I, p. 192 ADAMO di SAN VITTORE. — Regular canon, one of the most renowned authors of liturgical sequences. Biographical information is scarce. According to the Victorine…
Adam of Usk(ADAMO DI USK)Vol. I, p. 193 ADAMO di USK. – English chronicler, born in Usk (Montmouthshire) around 1360 or 1365, died after 1430. He was in Rome, at the court of Boniface IX, in 1402.…
Adam Scotus (or Anglicus, or Magister Adam, or Adam of Dryburgh)(ADAMO SCOTO (O ANGLICUS, O MAGISTER ADAM, O ADAMO DI DRYBURGH))Vol. I, p. 192 ADAMO SCOTO (or Anglicus, or Magister Adam, or ADAMO of DRYBURGH). — Ascetical writer, first a Premonstratensian, then a Carthusian. He is to be distinguished…
Adam Wodeham (Godham, Goddham)(ADAMO WODEHAM (GODHAM, GODDAM))Vol. I, p. 193 ADAMO WODEHAM (GODHAM, GODDAM). — English Friar Minor, an ardent proponent of the «via moderna» or nominalist school. He taught in Norwich, London, and Oxford…
Adam, Germanus(ADAM, GERMANO)Vol. I, p. 184 ADAM, GERMANO. - Born in Aleppo, died 10 October 1809. Bishop from 1774, after having been patriarchal vicar of Acre, in 1777 he was elected archbishop of…
Adam, JeanVol. I, p. 184 ADAM, JEAN. - French Jesuit theologian, born at Limoges on 28 Sept. 1608, entered religious life in 1622, died at Bordeaux on 12 May 1684. His activity as…
Adam, JulietteVol. I, p. 184 ADAM, JULIETTE. — French writer, b. at Verberie (Oise) on 4 October 1836, d. near Callian (Var) on 24 August 1936. She published several novels of little merit…
Adam, LucienVol. I, p. 184 ADAM, LUCIEN. — Born in Nancy in 1833, died in Brittany in 1918; magistrate in French Guiana and later in France. Editor of several “arts” (grammars) by early…
Adam, MelchiorVol. I, p. 184 ADAM, MELCHIOR. - Calvinist scholar, born at Grottkau (Silesia) and died in 1622 at Heidelberg, where he had taught since 1601. In 4 volumes (1615–20), later…
Adamah (Hebrew 'Adamah)(ADAMA (EBR. 'ADMDH))Vol. I, p. 184 ADAMA (Heb. ‘Admdh). – City of the Pentapolis (v.), mentioned alongside Seboim, on the border of Canaan (Gen. 10:19). Its king Sennaab, in coalition with the…
Adamantius(ADAMANZIO)Vol. I, p. 184 ADAMANZIO: v. ORIGENE.
Adami, AdamVol. I, p. 184 ADAMI, ADAM. — Benedictine bishop, born in Mülheim in 1610, died in Hildesheim in 1663. He pursued philosophical studies at the University of Cologne and in…
Adami, AnnibaleVol. I, p. 184 ADAMI, ANNIBALE. – Jesuit, b. in Fermo on 13 February 1626, d. in Rome on 16 July 1706 or 1707. A devoted professor of humanities and rhetoric, he left several…
Adami, Giovanni MatteoVol. I, p. 184 ADAMI, GIOVANNI MATTEO. – Jesuit missionary and martyr, born in Mazara, Sicily, in 1574, died on 12 October 1633. Of noble family, brought to Rome for his…
Adamites(ADAMITI)Vol. I, p. 185 ADAMITI. — This name is generally used to designate the adherents of certain doctrines that, beginning in the second century, gradually emerged in various…
Adamnus(ADAMANNO)Vol. I, p. 184 ADAMANNO: v. ADAMANO.
AdamoVol. I, p. 185 ADAMO. — The first man created by God and father of the human race. SUMMARY: 1. Holy Scripture. — 2. Rabbinic Literature. — 3. Christian Archaeology. — 4.…
Adamo of Arogno(ADAMO DI AROGNO)Vol. I, p. 190 ADAMO di AROGNO. — An architect active in the first decades of the 13th century. Documents mention him as superintendent of the construction of Trento…
Adams, ThomasVol. I, p. 193 ADAMS, THOMAS. - English Protestant preacher, b. c. 1590, d. c. 1653. In 1612 he was an Anglican minister at Willington; in 1614 he obtained the pastorate at…
AdanaVol. I, p. 193 ADANA. - A city of Cilicia, situated on the Saihun River, an ancient Greek episcopal see dependent on the see of Tauro. When the Armenian kingdom was…
AdapaVol. I, p. 193 ADAPA. - In Assyro-Babylonian mythology A. is the son of the god Ea and is “the seed of humanity,” that is, the first man. From his father he obtained wisdom,…
AdarVol. I, p. 193 ADAR. - The twelfth month, of 29 days (from mid-February to about mid-March), of the Jewish calendar. The name is Babylonian (addaru, in Babylonia the month…
Adar- ezer(ADARÉZER)Vol. I, p. 194 ADARÉZER. - Aramean king of Soba. The Hebrew name is Hadad'ezer and Hadar'ezer: the latter form, found in Paralipomeni and the Septuagint (Ἀδραχάς), the…
Adars(ADARSA)Vol. I, p. 194 ADARSA. — Thus the Vulgate, I Mach. 7:40, which has Adazer in I Mach. 7:45 (Adas in the Greek text and in Flavius Josephus; Dessau [Gr. Δασακού] in II Mach.…
Adautto, Saint, Martyr(ADAUTTO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. I, p. 194 ADAUTTO, saint, martyr: v. FELICE e ADAUTTO, santi, martiri.
Adda, Ferdinando D'Vol. I, p. 197 ADDA, FERDINANDO d'. — Cardinal, born in Milan in 1649, died in Rome in 1719. As nuncio, he worked diligently with King James II of England to bring about the…
Addai, Doctrine Of(ADDAI, DOTTRINA DI)Vol. I, p. 197 ADDAI, DOCTRINE of. – A narrative apocryphon, from the end of the 4th century or the beginning of the 5th, concerning the introduction of Christianity into…
Addeo, Doctrine Of(ADDEO, DOTTRINA DI)Vol. I, p. 198 ADDEO, DOTTRINA DI: v. ADDAI, DOTTRINA di.
Addison, JosephVol. I, p. 198 ADDISON, JOSEPH. - English man of letters and essayist, b. at Milston (Wiltshire) in 1672, d. at Kensington in 1719. He came from classical studies and in his…
AddolorataVol. I, p. 198 ADDOLORATA - Taranto, Good Friday. The A. that follows the bier in the procession of the Mysteries. sebio: courier) of the king, would have painted a portrait…
Adelaide (Adelheid), Empress, Saint(ADELAIDE (ADELHEID), IMPERATRICE, SANTA)Vol. I, p. 200 ADELAIDE (Adelheid), EMPRESS, saint. — Born c. 931, died at Selz, in Alsace, on 18 December 999. Daughter of Rodolfo II of Burgundy, she married (947) Lotario…
Adelaide Of Turin(ADELAIDE DI TORINO)Vol. I, p. 200 ADELAIDE di TORINO. – Daughter of Olderico Manfredi, marquis of Turin, and of Berta of the Obertenghi family, b. ca. 1020, d. in 1091. Since Olderico…
Adelaide, Archdiocese Of(ADELAIDE, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 199 ADELAIDE, ARCHDIOCESE of. - Its centre is at A., capital of the province of the same name in southern Australia, and it now has two suffragan dioceses: Darwin…
Adelard II, Cattaneo(ADELARDO II, CATTANEO)Vol. I, p. 201 ADELARDO II, CATTANEO. – Cardinal, born at Lendinara at the end of the 12th century. He was a canon of Verona and in 1183 or 1184 was created cardinal by…
Adelard of Bath(ADELARDO DI BATH)Vol. I, p. 200 ADELARDO di BATH. — English by birth, he completed his studies at Tours and taught at Laon. Dissatisfied with the « gallica studia », he undertook long…
Adelasius, Gholamo(ADELASIO, GHOLAMO)Vol. I, p. 201 ADELASIO, GHOLAMO. – Politician and priest, born in Bergamo on 16 March 1763, died there on 7 April 1828. Having completed his studies in Rome at the Nazareno…
Adelchis, King Of The Lombards(ADELCHI, RE DEI LONGOBARDI)Vol. I, p. 201 ADELCHI, king of the LONGOBARDS. – Son of Desiderio (v.), he was associated by his father in the government in 759. Ten years later, when, in order to…
Adelchis, Prince Of Benevento(ADELCHI, PRINCIPE DI BENEVENTO)Vol. I, p. 201 ADELCHI, prince of BENEVENTO. — He succeeded his brother Radelgaiso in 853, at a particularly turbulent moment. He was defeated several times by the Saracens,…
AdelfiaVol. I, p. 202 ADELFIA. - In the catacomb of S. Giovanni at Siracusa, a splendid sarcophagus was discovered which, in a panel of its lid, bears the inscription (h)ic Adelfia…
AdelhausenVol. I, p. 202 ADELHAUSEN. - A Dominican convent and mystical centre near Freiburg im Breisgau. The community of Beguines existing there since 1232 was declared, on 12 Dec.…
Adelmann, Bernhard von Adelmannspeiden(ADELMANN, BERNHARD VON ADELMANNSPELDEN)Vol. I, p. 202 ADELMANN, BERNHARD VON ADELMANNSPELDEN. - Humanist, canon of Eichstätt, b. c. 1457, perhaps at Schechingen, d. 16 Dec. 1523. He studied at Heidelberg, Basel,…
Adelmann, Bishop Of Brescia(ADELMANNO, VESCOVO DI BRESCIA)Vol. I, p. 203 ADELMANNO, bishop of BRESCIA. - We know neither the place nor the date of his birth. The favourite disciple of Fulberto (v.) at the famous school of Chartres,…
Adelophagi(ADELÔFAGI)Vol. I, p. 203 ADELÔFAGI. — From the Greek ἀθήλως-φαγεῖν, “to eat secretly”: followers of a Christian sect about which only scant information remains. The a. had reached the…
Adelphi, Society Of The(ADELFI, SOCIETÀ DEGLI)Vol. I, p. 201 ADELFI, SOCIETÀ degli. — Secret society, established in France, according to some in 1804 through the efforts of Col. Oudet, Gen. Lafayette, and the Frusinate…
Ademar Of Chabannes(ADEMARO DI CHABANNES)Vol. I, p. 203 ADEMARO di CHABANNES. — Benedictine and French chronicler, born at Chabannes, near Angoulême, around 988, died in Jerusalem in 1034. He became a monk at the…
Ademollo, Luigi and Carlo(ADEMOLLO, LUIGI E CARLO)Vol. I, p. 203 ADEMOLLO, LUIGI and CARLO. - LUIGI, painter, b. in Milan on 30 April 1764, d. in Florence on 11 February 1839. Having begun his artistic studies at the Academy…
AdenVol. I, p. 203 ADEN. — Since 1937, a British Crown colony. It consists of the actual peninsula (194 sq km, with 50,000 inhabitants) and the eponymous protectorate, on the…
Adenulf (Adinolf)(ADENULFO (ADINOLFO))Vol. I, p. 203 ADENULFO (ADINOLFO). – Abbot of San Paolo in Rome, died 8 September 1322. He was a counselor to King Robert of Naples and also enjoyed great esteem from the…
Adenulf (Atenulf)(ADENULFO (ATENULFO))Vol. I, p. 203 ADENULFO (ATENULFO). — Archbishop of Capua, died before 1059. He held the archiepiscopal see from 1008 to 1058. During this time he had to endure the…
Adeodatus I(ADEODATO I)Vol. I, p. 204 ADEODATO I – Seal of A. I. ni XXII, to King Roberto and to various cardinals concerning matters relating to his monastery. BIBL.: N. M. Nicolai, Della Basilica…
Adeodatus I (Deusdedit), Pope, Saint(ADEODATO I (DEUSDEDIT), PAPA, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 204 ADEODATO I (Deusdedit), POPE, saint. – A Roman, son of the subdeacon Stefano, he had been part of the Roman clergy for forty years when he succeeded Boniface…
Adeodatus II (or I), Pope(ADEODATO II (O I), PAPA)Vol. I, p. 204 ADEODATO II (or I), POPE. - A Roman, he received the tiara in 672 and died in 676. Son of Gioviniano, he succeeded St. Vitaliano. Elected, perhaps, shortly…
Adeodatus Of Fano(ADEODATO DA FANO)Vol. I, p. 204 ADEODATO da FANO. – Capuchin Friar Minor of the province of the Marches; he took the habit on 5 October 1805 and later went as an apostolic missionary to the…
Adeste Fideles(ADESTE, FIDELES)Vol. I, p. 204 «ADESTE, FIDELES». - A delightful rhymed hymn, recounting the visit of the shepherds to the newborn Saviour and inviting the faithful to hasten to Bethlehem to…
Adhemar (Ademar) Of Le Puy, Family(ADHÉMAR (ADEMARO) DE MONTEIL, FAMIGLIA)Vol. I, p. 205 ADHÉMAR (ADEMARO) DE MONTEIL, FAMIGLIA. – Originating in the Delfinato and traceable back to the 8th century, it was rendered illustrious by many…
Adhemar Of Le Puy(ADEMARO DI MONTEIL)Vol. I, p. 203 ADEMARO di MONTEIL. — Bishop of Le Puy, born in the first half of the 11th century. He was first a knight, then entered the clergy and, around 1061, became…
Adi GranthVol. I, p. 206 ADI GRANTH. — “The fundamental book,” also simply called Granth, “Book” (par excellence, in the religious sense: Bible), or Granth Sahib, “The fundamental holy…
Adiabene (Hadyab, native name; Greek Ἀδιαβήνη)(ADIABÈNE (HADYAB, NOME INDIGENO; GR. ἈΔΙΖΒΉΝΗ))Vol. I, p. 205 ADIABÈNE (Hadyab, indigenous name; Gr. Ἀδιζβήνη). — Region situated on the left bank of the Tigris, with Arbela as its ecclesiastical capital, inhabited by a…
Adiafori(ADIAFORTI)Vol. I, p. 205 ADIAFORTI : v. CONGREGAZIONALISTI.
Adiaphora(ADIAFORA)Vol. I, p. 205 ADIAFORA. — This name denotes a celebrated controversy in the Protestant field. Adiaphora (from ἀδιάφορα, “indifferent things and acts”) are defined by…
Adimantus ('Adimantos ho Adēmantos)(ADIMANTO ('ΑΔΕΊΜΑΝΤΟΣ Ο 'ΑΔΉΜΑΝΤΟΣ))Vol. I, p. 206 ADIMANTO ('Αδείμαντος ο 'Αδήμαντος). — Manichaean preacher of the 3rd century. According to Augustine, he was also called Addas; he had been one of Mani’s…
Adimari, AlemannoVol. I, p. 206 ADIMARI, ALEMANNO. - Cardinal, born in Firenze, perhaps in 1362, died in Roma between 17 and 27 Sept. 1422. He held a canonry and then a parish in his native…
Adimari, Ubaldo, Blessed(ADIMARI, UBALDO, BEATO)Vol. I, p. 206 ADIMARI, UBALDO, blessed. — Born ca. 1247 in Florence, he took part from his youth onward in the partisan struggles that were so heated at that time. Of…
Adinolfi, PasqualeVol. I, p. 206 ADINOLFI, PASQUALE. - Priest and writer, b. in Rome on 5 Nov. 1816, d. on 20 Jan. 1882. Ordained in 1839, he devoted himself, by exploring archives and…
Adler, GuidoVol. I, p. 206 ADLER, GUIDO. — Musicologist, born in Eibenschütz on 1 November 1855, died in Vienna on 15 February 1941. He studied law at the University of that city, but…
Adler, Jakob Georg ChristianVol. I, p. 207 ADLER, JAKOB GEORG CHRISTIAN. - Danish orientalist (1756–1834), from 1792 general superintendent of the duchy of Schleswig. In his youth (1780–82) he consulted…
Adlung, JakobVol. I, p. 207 ADLUNG, JAKOB. – Musician, born in Bindersleben, near Erfurt, on 14 January 1699, died in Erfurt on 5 July 1762. He was an organist (1727), and subsequently a…
Administration of the Goods of the Holy See(AMMINISTRAZIONE DEI BENI DELLA S)Vol. I, p. 666 ADMINISTRATION OF THE PROPERTY OF THE HOLY SEE. – After 20 September 1870, the property of the Holy See was reduced almost exclusively to the offerings by…
Administrative Unions(UNIONI AMMINISTRATIVE)Vol. XII, p. 533 ADMINISTRATIVE UNIONS. — This designation comprises those unions of States for specific purposes of international cooperation, which are regulated by union…
Admission(AMMISSIONE)Vol. I, p. 667 ADMISSION. - In itself, the term means nothing other than the act or effect of admitting. Since, however, such an act or effect may have repercussions in…
Admonition (Latin: Monitio)(AMMONIZIONE (LAT. MONITIO))Vol. I, p. 671 AMMONIZIONE (Latin monitio). — A term used in canon law to designate the more or less solemn act by which an ecclesiastical superior calls someone to the…
Adolescence(ADOLESCENZA)Vol. I, p. 208 ADOLESCENZA. – One of the most important among the ages of life (v.); an age of profound crisis affecting the individual as a whole, organically,…
Adolfo da DenderwindekeVol. I, p. 210 ADOLFO da DENDERWINDEKE. — Capuchin ascetical author, b. at Denderwindeke (Belgium) on 1 May 1863, d. on 7 Dec. 1925. In the Order he was for many years novice…
Adolph I, Archbishop of Mainz(ADOLFO I, ARCIVESCOVO DI MAGONZA)Vol. I, p. 210 ADOLFO I, archbishop of MAGONZA. — Count of Nassau, great-grandnephew of King Adolfo of Nassau, b. ca. 1353, d. 6 February 1390. By his uncle Gerlach,…
Adolph II, Archbishop of Mainz(ADOLFO II, ARCIVESCOVO DI MAGONZA)Vol. I, p. 210 ADOLFO II, archbishop of MAGONZA. — Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden and great-nephew of his predecessor, he died on 6 September 1475 at Eltville. Appointed…
Adolph III, Archbishop of Cologne(ADOLFO III, ARCIVESCOVO DI COLONIA)Vol. I, p. 210 ADOLFO III, archbishop of COLONIA. — Born in 1511, he died at the Schauenburg castle, from which family he descended, at Brühl in 1556. First a canon of…
Adolph of Anhalt(ADOLFO D'ANHALT)Vol. I, p. 210 ADOLFO d’ANHALT. – Bishop of Merseburg, born on 16 October 1458, died there on 24 March 1526. A member of the princes of Anhalt, he was directed toward an…
Adolph of Essen(ADOLFO DI ESSEN)Vol. I, p. 210 ADOLFO di ESSEN. - Carthusian ascetical writer, born in the second half of the fourteenth century. After studying philosophy, law, and theology with…
Adolph, Saint(ADOLFO, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 210 ADOLFO, saint. — Twenty-eighth bishop of Osnabrück (1216–24), born ca. 1185 to the counts of Tecklenburg in Westphalia, died there on 28 or 30 June 1224.…
Adommim (Hebrew Ma'aleh-Adummim «Ascent of the Reds», i.e., «Red Ascent»)(ADOMMIM (EBR. MA'ALEH-ADUMMIM «SALITA DEI ROSSI», CIOÈ «SALITA ROSSA»))Vol. I, p. 210 ADOMMIM (Hebr. Ma'aleh-Adummim “ascent of the red ones,” that is, “red ascent”). — A locality that marked the northern boundary of the tribe of Judah with that…
Adon, Saint(ADONE, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 211 ADONE, saint. — Archbishop of Vienne, in the Dauphiné. Of noble family, born at the beginning of the ninth century, apparently in the diocese of Sens. The…
AdoneVol. I, p. 211 ADONIS. — A mythical hero, lover of Aphrodite, whose legend, despite various divergences, may be summarized in the following cycle: 1) his death while hunting,…
Adoni-Bezek (Heb. "Lord of Bezek"; dynastic title rather than proper name)(ADONIBÉZEC (EBR. « SIGNORE DI BEZEQ »: TITOLO DINASTICO PIUTTOSTO CHE NOME PROPRIO))Vol. I, p. 212 ADONIBÉZEC (Hebr. “lord of Bezeq”: a dynastic title rather than a proper name). — Canaanite king of Bezeq, a city identified by some with present-day Bezhab…
Adoniah (Hebrew 'Adonijah[ā], «My Lord is Yahweh»)(ADONĪA (EBR. 'ADONIJĀH[Ā], « MIO SIGNORE È JAHWEH »))Vol. I, p. 212 ADONĪA (Hebr. 'adonijāh[ā], “my Lord is Jahweh”). - Fourth son of David (and of Haggith), born at Hebron after David had been proclaimed king of Judah (II Sam.…
Adonizedek (Hebrew «My Lord is Justice»; Septuagint: Adonibezec)(ADONISÉDEC (EBR. « IL MIO SIGNORE È GIUSTIZIA »; SETTANTA: ADONIBEZEC))Vol. I, p. 212 ADONISÉDEC (Heb. “my Lord is justice”; Septuagint: Adonibezec). — Amorite king of Jerusalem at the time when Israel, led by Joshua, entered Palestine. When the…
Adoption(ADOZIONE)Vol. I, p. 217 ADOPTION. - This term designates the institution whose purpose is the transfer of an individual from one kinship group to another, through the creation of a…
Adoration(ADORAZIONE)Vol. I, p. 212 ADORATION. — Etymologically, a. (from Lat. ad os) is the gesture of bringing the hands to the lips and then turning them toward an image or any sacred object…
Adoration of the Cross(ADORAZIONE DELLA CROCE)Vol. I, p. 214 ADORAZIONE della CROCE: v. CROCE.
Adoration of the Magi(ADORAZIONE DEI MAGI)Vol. I, p. 214 ADORAZIONE dei MAGI: v. EPIFANIA.
Adoration of the Pope(ADORAZIONE DEL PAPA)Vol. I, p. 214 ADORATION OF THE POPE: v. SUPREME PONTIFF.
Adoratrices of the Most Precious Blood(ADORATRICI DEL PREZIOSISSIMO SANGUE)Vol. I, p. 212 ADORATRICI del PREZIOSISSIMO SANGUE. – Female religious congregation founded at Acuto in 1834 by the ven. Maria De Mattias for the instruction and education of…
Adoratrices of the Sacred Heart(ADORATRICI DEL S)Vol. I, p. 212 ADORATRICI del S. CUORE DI GESÙ DI MONTMARTRE. — They were founded by Adele Garnier near the Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Montmartre in Paris, on the site…
Adoratrices Perpetual of the Sacred Heart of Jesus(ADORATRICI PERPETUE DI S)Vol. I, p. 212 ADORATRICI PERPETUE di S. MARIA DI GUADALUPE. — They arose in Mexico in 1881 through the work of Sister Maddalena dell'Incarnazione, and took their name and…
Adorers Of The Cross Of Jesus Sacramented(CROCIFISSE ADORATRICI DI GESÙ SACRAMENTATO)Vol. IV, p. 593 ADORING CRUCIFIED SISTERS OF JESUS SACRAMENTED. — Congregation of nuns founded in S. Giorgio al Cremano (Naples) in 1885 by Sister Maria Pia della Croce…
Adorni, Anna MariaVol. I, p. 215 ADORNI, ANNA MARIA. – Born in Fivizzano on 15 June 1805, died in Parma on 7 February 1893. The widow of Domenico Botti, attached to the ducal court of Parma,…
Adorno Hinojosa, GonzaloVol. I, p. 215 ADORNO HINOJOSA, GONZALO. – Spanish Jesuit theologian, born in Jerez de la Frontera on 7 September 1751, died on 17 February 1812 at Viterbo, where he had been…
Adorno, Francis(ADORNO, FRANCESCO)Vol. I, p. 215 ADORNO, FRANCESCO. – Jesuit preacher, born in Genoa on 13 September 1533, died there on 13 January 1586. He encountered the Society of Jesus in Portugal and…
Adorno, Giovanni AgostinoVol. I, p. 215 ADORNO, GIOVANNI AGOSTINO. - Co-founder of the Clerics Regular Minor (v.), born in Genoa in 1551, died in Naples on 29 Sept. 1591. Following the traditions of…
Adoro Te DevoteVol. I, p. 215 « ADORO TE DEVOTE ». — A rhythm said to be by s. Tommaso d'Aquino, proposed by the Roman Missal as a prayer after Mass. The A. consists of seven stanzas, each…
Adozianism(ADOZIANISMO)Vol. I, p. 216 ADOZIANISMO. — I. GENERAL NOTION. — In the broad sense, it is the error of those who deny the divinity of Jesus Christ, either in reality or through the…
Adragna, Antonio MariaVol. I, p. 218 ADRAGNA, ANTONIO MARIA. - B. at Trapani on 1 Oct. 1818, professed religious (2 Oct. 1839) of the Conventual Minors, priest in 1841, doctor of the college of S.…
Adraldo (Arraldo, Ayraldo)Vol. I, p. 218 ADRALDO (ARRALDO, AYRALDO). — Bishop, originally from Vendôme, died at Chartres on 1 February 1075. In 1033 he became a monk of the Trinity of Vendôme and…
Adrammelech (Hebrew 'Adrammelek)(ADRAMELECH (EBR. 'ADRAMMÈLEK'))Vol. I, p. 218 ADRAMELECH (Hebrew 'adrammèlek'). — A deity probably of Syrian origin (Adad-malik) of the inhabitants of Sepharvaim (perhaps Sabara'in) transplanted by Sargon…
Adrenaline(ADRENALINA)Vol. I, p. 219 ADRENALINA: v. ORMONI.
Adret (perhaps Adrat; erroneous Addéret) Shelomoh ben Abraham(ADRET (FORSE ADRAT; ERRONEO ADDÉRET) SHÉLÔ-MÔH BEN ABRAHAM)Vol. I, p. 219 ADRET (perhaps Adrat; erroneously Addéret) SHÉLÔ-MÔH BEN ABRAHAM. — Jewish decisor, b. around 1235 in Barcelona, d. in 1310. He studied under distinguished…
Adrevald of Fleury(ADREVALDO DI FLEURY)Vol. I, p. 219 ADREVALDO di FLEURY. – French Benedictine monk, born between 814 and 820, died around 878–79. He wrote Miracula s. Benedicti, in which he recounts the miracles…
Adria, Diocese of(ADRIA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 219 ADRIA, DIOCESE of. — A., now 22 km from the open sea, had a very active port during the period of the Roman Republic; and until the 10th century it remained…
Adriaensens, AdriaenVol. I, p. 219 ADRIAENSENS, ADRIAEN. — Born at Antwerp; entered the Society of Jesus in 1546 and was superior of the community of Lovanio (1551–61), where he died on 18…
Adriaensz (Adrianssen), CorneliusVol. I, p. 219 ADRIAENSZ (ADRIANSSEN), CORNELIUS. - Distinguished theologian, born at Dordrecht in 1521, died at Bruges on 14 July 1581. He studied at Bruges under Cassander,…
Adrian I, Pope(ADRIANO I, PAPA)Vol. I, p. 221 ADRIANO I, PAPA. — Pontiff from 1 (6) February 772 to 26 (25) December 795. Born in Rome into an aristocratic family, he lost his father Teodoro at an early…
Adrian II, Pope(ADRIANO II, PAPA)Vol. I, p. 223 ADRIAN II, POPE. — Born in Rome in 792 into one of the finest families, which had already produced Popes Stephen IV (816–17) and Sergius II (844–47). Before…
Adrian III, Pope(ADRIANO III, PAPA)Vol. I, p. 225 deny permission to ecclesiastics who wished to appeal to Rome. From that moment the alliance between the Holy See and the Normans remained unchanged and…
Adrian III, Pope, Saint(ADRIANO III, PAPA, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 224 ADRIANO III, PAPA, saint. - A Roman, son of Benedetto, he was pope from 884 to 885, succeeding Marino. We have neither his biography in the Liber Pontificalis…
Adrian IV, Pope(ADRIANO IV, PAPA)Vol. I, p. 225 ADRIANO IV, POPE. — He is the only Englishman to have ascended the papal throne; his name was Nicola Breakspear, and he was the son of Roberto, a cleric of…
Adrian V, Pope(ADRIANO V, PAPA)Vol. I, p. 226 ADRIANO V, POPE. - Pontiff in 1276. Upon the death of Innocenzo V, a conclave was held in Rome under the supervision of Carlo d'Angiò in his capacity as…
Adrian VI, Pope(ADRIANO VI, PAPA)Vol. I, p. 226 ADRIANO VI, PAPA. - Pontiff from 1522 to 1523. Born in Utrecht on 2 March 1459, he was the son of Florenz Boeyens and Gertruda. The family was neither rich nor…
Adriani, FrancescoVol. I, p. 219 ADRIANI, FRANCESCO. – Friar Minor, who lived in the 14th century. He completed his higher studies in Paris, graduating from the Sorbonne. He distinguished…
Adriani, Giovanni BattistaVol. I, p. 220 ADRIANI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA. - Florentine historian (1513–79), son of the humanist Marcello da Virgilio. During the siege of Florence in 1530 he was among the…
Adrianists(ADRIANISTI)Vol. I, p. 220 ADRIANISTI. - A little-known Dutch Protestant sect of the 16th century. It took its name from Adriano Hamsted, born at Dordrecht in 1524 and died at Bruges in…
Adriano of Moscow(ADRIANO DI MOSCA)Vol. I, p. 221 ADRIANO di MOSCA. - Tenth and last patriarch of Moscow and Russia, b. 2 Oct. 1627, d. 15 Oct. 1700. Archimandrite of the monastery of Cudov, he was consecrated…
Adriano of Nicomedia, Saint, Martyr(ADRIANO DI NICOMEDIA, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. I, p. 221 ADRIANO di NICOMEDIA, saint, martyr. — According to the legendary Passio, A. is said to have converted as a result of the courageous attitude, during torture,…
Adriano of Nisida(ADRIANO DI NISIDA)Vol. I, p. 221 ADRIANO di NISIDA. — Benedictine, of African origin, abbot of Nisida near Naples, died in 709 (or 710?). Pope Vitaliano wished to make him archbishop of…
Adriano of Oudenbosch(ADRIANO DI OUDENBOSCH)Vol. I, p. 221 ADRIANO di OUDENBOSCH. – Belgian Benedictine, d. at Liège around 1482. He took the habit at the convent of S. Lorenzo in Liège and professed in 1441. Cantor,…
Adriano Van Den EeckhouteVol. I, p. 220 ADRIANO van den EECKHOUTE. – Belgian Carmelite, died at Ghent in 1498. Prior of the convent of Ghent in 1466, preacher and confessor at the court of Burgundy,…
Adricomius (Adrichomius, Latinized form of Adricitum), Christian Kruick van(ADRICOMIO (ADRICHOMIUS, FORMA LATINIZZATA DI ADRICITUM), CHRISTIAN KRUCK VAN)Vol. I, p. 227 ADRICOMIO (Adrichomius, Latinized form of ADRICITUM), CHRISTIAN KRUCK van. - Dutch Palestinologist, b. at Delft on 14 Feb. 1533, d. at Colonia on 20 June 1585.…
Adrumetum(ADRUMETO)Vol. I, p. 227 ADRUMETO. — An agricultural and commercial center in Byzacena, today Sussa (French Sousse) in Tunisia. For a time it was called Hunuricopolis and later…
Adson, Emeric(ADSONE, EMERICO)Vol. I, p. 228 ADSONE, EMERICO. — Benedictine, hagiographer, born into a noble family in the Jura around 920, died in 972. He became a monk at Luxeuil and taught at Toul, but…
Aduarte, DiegoVol. I, p. 228 ADUARTE, DIEGO. - Spanish Dominican, b. at Saragossa in 1566. Having completed his studies at Alcalá and entered the Order in 1585, ten years later he went as…
Adulation(ADULAZIONE)Vol. I, p. 228 ADULATION. - Exaggerated and unreasonable praise directed toward others for interested motives. A. always arises from and is nourished by some secret passion,…
Advent(AVVENTO)Vol. II, p. 340 AVVENTO. – It is the period marking the beginning of the liturgical year and preparation for Christmas (v.), just as Lent (v.) is for Easter. In the Roman rite…
Adventists (Second Adventists)(AVVENTISTI (ADVENTISTS, SECOND ADVENTISTS))Vol. II, p. 340 AVVENTISTI (ADVENTISTS, SECOND ADVENTISTS). — This name, which designates certain Protestant sects of America, derives from the belief of their faithful in the…
Advertising(PUBBLICITÀ)Vol. X, p. 177 PUBLICITY. — The word p. is used in two different senses: 1) as an instrument of public oversight of governmental activities or of the management of large…
Advocate(AVVOCATO)Vol. II, p. 342 ADVOCATE. – I. CANON LAW. – Assistance in litigation undertaken in Rome by patrons on behalf of their clients was initially an aristocratic and unpaid office…
