ILLIRICO, TOMMASO, BEATO

ILLIRICO, TOMMASO, Blessed. – Franciscan preacher and theologian, born c. 1485 at Vrana (Dalmatia, whence his surname), died at Menton (Ventimiglia) in 1528. As a child he had gone with his family to Osimo, where he entered the Observant Friars Minor and was ordained priest. Animated by an apostolic spirit, he preached throughout his life in Liguria, Dalmatia, Piedmont, France, and Germany, especially against the Protestant heresy, which was then spreading.

Appointed by Clement VII as general inquisitor for the States of Savoy, he fought in particular against the Waldensians, who were then in great ferment.

Besides the *Sermones* (2 vols., Toulouse 1521), he wrote various polemical works against Protestantism, among which should be noted: *Libellus de potestate Summi Pontificis* (Turin 1523); *Conditiones veri pastoris animarum* (ibid. 1523); *In lutheranas haereses clypeus catholicae Ecclesiae* (ibid. 1524: refutation of the errors of *De captivitate babylonica* concerning Baptism and Penance). His doctrine on the pope is not without stain, since he admits the conciliar theory, i.e., the superiority of the ecumenical council over the Roman pontiff; but in T. I. this was a material error, due to the influence of the 15th century.

Bibl.: Hurter, II, col. 1272 (incomplete); B. Fontana, *Documenti vaticani contro l'eresia luterana in Italia* (Archivio della R. Società romana di storia patria, 15), Rome 1892, pp. 97-101; G. Gellich, *Fra T. I. detto da Osimo. Appunti biografico-critici*, Spalato 1903; B. Rode, *Documenti di Ragusa*, in *Miscellanea francescana*, 15 (1914), pp. 178-80; R. J. M. Mauriac, *Nomenclature et description sommaire des oeuvres de d. T. I.*, in *Archivum Franciscanum Historicum*, 18 (1925), pp. 374-85; id., *Une enquête en vue de la béatification de T. I.*, ibid., 24 (1931), pp. 513-522; id., *Un réformateur catholique: T. I.*, in *Etudes Franciscaines*, 46 (1934), pp. 329, 434, 584; 47 (1935), p. 58; J. Mercier, *Thomas Illyricus*, in *Dictionnaire de Théologie Catholique*, I, XV, cols. 777-78 (insert); G. Cantini, *I Francescani d'Italia di fronte alle dottrine luterane e calviniste durante il Cinquecento*, Rome 1948, pp. 50-69 (the most recent and most complete work on T. I.).