Other attempts of Saul upon David’s life. He cometh to Samuel. Saul’s messengers, and Saul himself prophesy.
Saul intending to kil Dauid is pacified by Ionathas. 9. Neuertheles attempteth agayn to kil him, and missing his purpose, 11. sendeth souldiars to take and bring him backe that he may be slaine, but Michol his wife helpeth him away, and excuseth her self to her father, as if she had done it for feare. 18. Dauid and Samuel flee into Naioth. 20. Againe Saul sendeth souldiars after them three times, and they al doe prophecie. 22. then himself pursueth Dauid, and also prophecieth.
1And Saul spoke to Jonathan, his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David. But Jonathan, the son of Saul, loved David exceedingly.E Saul parlò a Gionata suo figliuolo, e a tutti i suoi servi perchè uccidessero Davidde. Ma Gionata figliuolo di Saul amava grandemente Davidde.AND Saul spake to Ionathas his sonne, and to al his seruantes, that they should kil Dauid. Moreouer Ionathas the sonne of Saul, loued Dauid excedingly.Locutus est autem Saul ad Jonathan filium suum, et ad omnes servos suos, ut occiderent David. Porro Jonathas filius Saul diligebat David valde: 2And Jonathan told David, saying: Saul, my father, seeketh to kill thee: wherefore look to thyself, I beseech thee, in the morning and thou shalt abide in a secret place, and shalt be hid.E Gionata ne diede avviso a Davidde, dicendo: Saul padre mio cerca di farti morire: per la qualcosa ti prego, sta sulle tue per domane, e va in luogo segreto, e nasconditiAnd Ionathas told Dauid, saying: Saul my father seeketh to kil thee: wherefore looke to thy self I besech thee in the morning, and thou shalt abide secretly, and shalt be hid.et indicavit Jonathas David, dicens: Quærit Saul pater meus occidere te: quapropter observa te, quæso, mane: et manebis clam, et absconderis. 3And I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where thou art: and I will speak of thee to my father, and whatsoever I shall see, I will tell thee.Alla campagna dovunque vorrai, mentre io anderò a trovare mio padre; e parlerò di te al padre mio, e ti farò sapere tutto quello che avrò osservato.But I going forth wil stand beside my father, in the field wheresoeuer he shal be: and I wil speake of thee to my father, and whatsoeuer I shal see, I wil tel thee.Ego autem egrediens stabo juxta patrem meum in agro, ubicumque fueris: et ego loquar de te ad patrem meum, et quodcumque videro, nuntiabo tibi. 4And Jonathan spoke good things of David to Saul, his father: and said to him: Sin not, O king, against thy servant, David, because he hath not sinned against thee, and his works are very good towards thee.Gionata adunque parlò a Saulle suo padre in favor di Davidde, e gli disse: Non far male, o re, a Davidde tuo servo, perocché egli non ha fatto male a te, e le sue operazioni sono state a te molto utili.Ionathas therefore spake good wordes of Dauid to Saul his father: and sayd to him: Sinne not, o King against thy seruant Dauid, because he hath not sinned toward thee, and his workes are very good for thee.Locutus est ergo Jonathas de David bona ad Saul patrem suum: dixitque ad eum: Ne pecces rex in servum tuum David, quia non peccavit tibi, et opera ejus bona sunt tibi valde.
5And he put his life in his hand, and slew the Philistine, and the Lord wrought great salvation for all Israel. Thou sawest it and didst rejoice. Why therefore wilt thou sin against innocent blood, by killing David, who is without fault?Ed egli pose a repentaglio la propria vita, e uccise il Filisteo, lo che fu una grazia grande fatta dal Signore a tutto Israele: tu lo vedesti, e ne provasti allegrezza. Perchè adunque peccherai tu contro un sangue innocente, uccidendo Davidde che non ha colpa?And he put his life in his hand, and stroke the Philistian, and our Lord made great saluation to al Israel. Thou hast seene & didst reioice, why therefore sinnest thou in innocent blood killing Dauid, who is without fault?Et posuit animam suam in manu sua, et percussit Philisthæum, et fecit Dominus salutem magnam universo Israëli: vidisti, et lætatus es. Quare ergo peccas in sanguine innoxio, interficiens David, qui est absque culpa ? 6And when Saul heard this, he was appeased with the words of Jonathan, and swore: As the Lord liveth, he shall not be slain.Ciò avendo udito Saul placato alle parole di Gionata, giurò: Viva il Signore, egli non morrà.Which when Saul had heard, being pacified with the voice of Ionathas, he sware: Our Lord liueth, he shal not be slaine.Quod cum audisset Saul, placatus voce Jonathæ, juravit: Vivit Dominus, quia non occidetur. 7Then Jonathan called David, and told him all these words: and Jonathan brought in David to Saul, and he was before him, as he had been yesterday and the day before.Gionata allora chiamò Davidde, e gli raccontò tutte queste cose: e Gionata introdusse Davidde a Saul, e (Davidde) si stette presso di lui, come pell'avanti.Ionathas therefore called Dauid and shewed him al these wordes, and Ionathas brought in Dauid to Saul, and he was before him, as he had bene yesterday and the day before.Vocavit itaque Jonathas David, et indicavit ei omnia verba hæc: et introduxit Jonathas David ad Saul, et fuit ante eum sicut fuerat heri et nudiustertius. 8And the war began again, and David went out, and fought against the Philistines, and defeated them with a great slaughter, and they fled from his face.E cominciò di nuovo la guerra: e David andò a combattere contro i Filistei, e ne fece gran macello, e fuggiron dal cospetto di lui.And there was battel raysed againe, and Dauid going forth, fought against the Philistijms, and stroke them with a great slaughter, and they fled from his face.Motum est autem rursum bellum: et egressus David, pugnavit adversum Philisthiim: percussitque eos plaga magna, et fugerunt a facie ejus.
9And the evil spirit from the Lord came upon Saul; and he sat in his house, and held a spear in his hand: and David played with his hand.E lo spirito malo (permettendolo il Signore) entrò in Saul. Or ei sedeva in casa sua avendo in mano una lancia, e David colla sua mano toccava il suo strumento.And the euil spirit of our Lord came vpon Saul, and he sate in his house, and held a speare: moreouer Dauid played with his hand.Et factus est spiritus Domini malus in Saul: sedebat autem in domo sua, et tenebat lanceam: porro David psallebat manu sua. 10And Saul endeavoured to nail David to the wall with his spear. And David slipt away out of the presence of Saul: and the spear missed him, and was fastened in the wall, and David fled, and escaped that night.E Saul tentò di conficcar Davidde nel muro colla sua lancia, ma David schivò il colpo di Saul, e la lancia senza fargli male andò a percuotere il muro, e David si fuggì, e si salvò per quella notte.And Saul endeuoured to naile Dauid to the wal with his speare. And Dauid declined from the face of Saul and the speare without making wound, pearced the wal, and Dauid fled, and was saued that night.Nisusque est Saul configere David lancea in pariete, et declinavit David a facie Saul: lancea autem casso vulnere perlata est in parietem, et David fugit, et salvatus est nocte illa. 11Saul therefore sent his guards to David’s house to watch him, that he might be killed in the morning. And when Michol, David’s wife, had told him this, saying: Unless thou save thyself this night, to morrow thou wilt die:Ma Saul mandò le sue guardie alla casa di David per assicurarsi di sua persona, e farlo morir la mattina. Ma Michol sua moglie avendogli di ciò dato parte, e avendogli detto: Se tu non ti metti in sicuro stanotte, domani sarai morto:Saul therefore sent of his guarde into Dauids house, that they should keepe him, & that he might be killed in the morning: Which when Michol his wife had told Dauid, saying Vnles thou saue thy self this night, to morowe thou shalt die:Misit ergo Saul satellites suos in domum David, ut custodirent eum, et interficeretur mane. Quod cum annuntiasset David Michol uxor sua, dicens: Nisi salvaveris te nocte hac, cras morieris: 12She let him down through a window. And he went and fled away, and escaped.Lo calò per una finestra: ed egli andò via, e si fuggì, e si salvò.she let him downe through a windowe, moreouer he went and fled away, and was saued.deposuit eum per fenestram. Porro ille abiit et aufugit, atque salvatus est. 13And Michol took an image, and laid it on the bed, and put a goat’s skin, with the hair at the head of it, and covered it with clothes.Ma Michol prese una statua, e la pose sul letto, e le mise attorno al capo una pelle di capra col pelo, e sopra le mise le coperte.And Michol tooke a statua, and put it vpon the bed, and a hearie skinne of goates she layd at the head thereof, and couered it with garmentes.Tulit autem Michol statuam, et posuit eam super lectum, et pellem pilosam caprarum posuit ad caput ejus, et operuit eam vestimentis.
14And Saul sent officers to seize David; and it was answered that he was sick.E Saul mandò guardie a prendere David, e fu risposto che era ammalato.And Saul sent serieantes, that should take away Dauid by force, and it was answered that he was sicke.Misit autem Saul apparitores, qui raperent David: et responsum est quod ægrotaret. 15And again Saul sent to see David, saying: Bring him to me in the bed, that he may be slain.E spedì Saul di nuovo de' messi a vedere David, dicendo: Portatemelo nel suo letto, affinchè io lo faccia morire.And againe Saul sent messengers to see Dauid, saying: Bring him to me in the bed, that he may be slaine.Rursumque misit Saul nuntios ut viderent David, dicens: Afferte eum ad me in lecto, ut occidatur. 16And when the messengers were come in, they found an image upon the bed, and a goat skin at his head.E questi essendo venuti trovaron nel letto la statua, e la pelle di capra messale attorno al capo.And when the messengers were come, there was found a statua vpon the bed, and skinnes of goates at the head thereof.Cumque venissent nuntii, inventum est simulacrum super lectum, et pellis caprarum ad caput ejus. 17And Saul said to Michol: Why hast thou deceived me so, and let my enemy go and flee away? And Michol answered Saul: Because he said to me: Let me go, or else I will kill thee.E Saul disse a Michol: Perchè mi hai tu burlato così, e hai dato campo al nimico mio di fuggire? E Michol disse a Saul: Perchè egli mi disse: Lasciami andare, altrimenti io ti ammazzerò.And Saul sayd to Michol: Why hast thou mocked me, and let goe myn enemie that he might flee? And Michol answered Saul: Because he sayd to me: Let me goe, otherwise I wil kil thee.Dixitque Saul ad Michol: Quare sic illusisti mihi, et dimisisti inimicum meum ut fugeret ? Et respondit Michol ad Saul: Quia ipse locutus est mihi: Dimitte me, alioquin interficiam te. 18But David fled and escaped, and came to Samuel in Ramatha, and told him all that Saul had done to him: and he and Samuel went and dwelt in Najoth.Ma David si fuggì, e si pose in sicuro, e andò a trovare Samuele a Ramatha, e gli raccontò tutte le cose fatte a lui da Saul: e partirono egli e Samuele, e si fermarono a Najoth.But Dauid fleing was saued, and came to Samuel in Ramatha, and told him al thinges that Saul had done to him: and he & Samuel went & abode in Naioth.David autem fugiens salvatus est, et venit ad Samuel in Ramatha, et nuntiavit ei omnia quæ fecerat sibi Saul: et abierunt ipse et Samuel, et morati sunt in Najoth. 19And it was told Saul by some, saying: Behold David is in Najoth, in Ramatha.E vi fu chi riferì a Saul, e gli disse: Si sa che David è in Najoth di Ramatha.And it was told Saul by some saying: Behold Dauid is in Naioth in Ramatha.Nuntiatum est autem Sauli a dicentibus: Ecce David in Najoth in Ramatha.
20So Saul sent officers to take David: and when they saw a company of prophets prophesying, and Samuel presiding over them, the Spirit of the Lord came also upon them, and they likewise began to prophesy.Allora Saul mandò delle guardie a prendere David: ma queste avendo veduto un'adunanza di profeti che lodavano Dio, e Samuele che era loro capo, lo Spirito del Signore entrò anche in essi, e principiarono anch'eglino a lodare Dio.Saul therefore sent seriantes to take away Dauid: who when they had seene a troupe of prophetes prophecying, & Samuel standing ouer them, the spirit of our Lord came also on them, and they also began to prophecie.Misit ergo Saul lictores, ut raperent David: qui cum vidissent cuneum prophetarum vaticinantium, et Samuelem stantem super eos, factus est etiam spiritus Domini in illis, et prophetare cœperunt etiam ipsi. 21And when this was told Saul, he sent other messengers: but they also prophesied. And again Saul sent messengers the third time: and they prophesied also. And Saul being exceeding angry,Ed essendo stata riferita la cosa a Saul, spedì altri messi: ma questi ancora si diedero a lodar Dio. E mandonne altri per la terza volta, i quali parimente si misero a lodar Dio. E Saul ne concepì grandissimo sdegno.Which when it was told Saul, he sent other messengers: but they also did prophecie. And againe Saul sent the third messengers: who also prophecied And Saul being wrath for anger,Quod cum nuntiatum esset Sauli, misit et alios nuntios: prophetaverunt autem et illi. Et rursum misit Saul tertios nuntios: qui et ipsi prophetaverunt. Et iratus iracundia Saul, 22Went also himself to Ramatha, and came as far as the great cistern, which is in Socho, and he asked, and said: In what place are Samuel and David? And it was told him: Behold they are in Najoth, in Ramatha.Andò ancor egli a Ramatha, e si avanzò sino alla gran cisterna, che è in Socho, e domandò, e disse: Dove sono Samuele, e Davidde? E fugli risposto: Sono là in Najoth di Ramatha.went also him selfe into Ramatha, and came as farre as the great cesterne, which is in Socho, and asked, and said: In what place are Samuel and Dauid? And it was told him: Loe they are in Naioth in Ramatha.abiit etiam ipse in Ramatha, et venit usque ad cisternam magnam quæ est in Socho, et interrogavit, et dixit: In quo loco sunt Samuel et David ? Dictumque est ei: Ecce in Najoth sunt in Ramatha. 23And he went to Najoth, in Ramatha, and the Spirit of the Lord came upon him also, and he went on, and prophesied till he came to Najoth, in Ramatha.Ed egli si portò a Najoth di Ramatha, e lo spirito del Signore entrò anche in lui, e per viaggio cantava le laudi di Dio, fino che arrivò a Najoth di Ramatha.And he went into Naioth in Ramatha, and the Spirit of our Lord came vpon him, and he walked going, and he prophecied til he came into Naioth in Ramatha.Et abiit in Najoth in Ramatha, et factus est etiam super eum spiritus Domini, et ambulabat ingrediens, et prophetabat usque dum veniret in Najoth in Ramatha.
24And he stripped himself also of his garments, and prophesied with the rest before Samuel, and lay down naked all that day and night. This gave occasion to a proverb: What! is Saul too among the prophets?E si spogliò di più da sé stesso delle sue vestimenta: e cantò le laudi del Signore con tutti gli altri dinanzi a Samuele, e stette nudo per terra tutto quel dì e la notte. Donde ne venne il proverbio: È egli tra' profeti anche Saul?And he stripped himselfe of his garments, and prophecied with the rest before Samuel, and sang naked al that day and night. Wherupon there went out also a prouerb: What is Saul also among the prophetes.Et expoliavit etiam ipse se vestimentis suis, et prophetavit cum ceteris coram Samuele, et cecidit nudus tota die illa et nocte. Unde et exivit proverbium: Num et Saul inter prophetas ?
19:1
19:2
Menochius
Morning. Septuagint add, "to-morrow." (Menochius)
19:3
Calmet
Field. Saul would come thither, or Jonathan would sound his father's disposition, and give David information in the place appointed. (Calmet)
Menochius
Hand, in danger. (Menochius)
19:6
Calmet
Slain. His inconstant temper might cause him to be moved with the expostulation of his son; but he presently relapsed, if he were ever sincere. (Calmet)
Menochius
The Scripture seems to insinuate that he was. (Menochius)
19:8
Year of the World 2944.
19:9
Calmet
Saul. His jealousy was again enkindled by the success of David. (Calmet)
Haydock
Hand, on music, to assuage the paroxysms of the king's fury. (Haydock)
19:11
Josephus
Morning, fearing lest they might miss him in the night, (Salien) and perhaps desiring to see his execution, after he had been tried. (Josephus)
Calmet
The Philistines would not attack Samson at night. See Judges 16:2., and Exodus 14:20. The Parthians and Mahometans will do nothing at that time; moved perhaps by some superstitious notion. (Calmet)
19:13
Mercer
Image. Hebrew Teraphim. Aquila, "figures." Symmachus, "idols." Some believe that David had idols in his house, as ornaments, or to treat them with ignominy. (Mercer.)
Calmet
But others cannot persuade themselves that he would keep such dangerous things. What Michol took, might therefore be some sacred representation, or a statue of some great man. (Genebrad.) (Kimchi; Maimonides) Or it might be some piece of wood, or clothes folded up, so as to make the guards believe that David was in bed. (Bochart, Anim. 1:2. 51.) See Genesis 31:19. (Calmet)
Haydock
They would not examine very narrowly. (Haydock)
Menochius
The Taraphim denote both idolatrous and sacred things, Osee 3:4. (Menochius)
Tirinus
Skin. Vatican and Alexandrian Septuagint, "liver," still warm and in motion. (Tirinus)
Calmet
But they have followed a false reading, as well as Josephus and Aquila. (Calmet)
Tirinus
Some have inferred that the hair of goats in that country is reddish, because it was designed to resemble David's hair, of the same colour. (Tirinus)
Calmet
This is, however, uncertain. The skin might form his pillow or coverlet. (Calmet)
19:14
Haydock
Sick. This is an officious lie. She tells another to excuse herself, ver. 17. The children of Saul strive to prevent their father's cruelty, by taking part with the innocent David. (Haydock)
Calmet
It is thought that David composed the 68th Psalm, Eripe, etc., on this occasion. (Calmet)
19:19
Challoner
Najoth. It was probably a school or college of prophets, in or near Ramatha, under the direction of Samuel. (Challoner)
Menochius
Chaldean, "in the house of doctrine." See 1 Kings 10:5. (Menochius)
19:20
Challoner
Prophesying. That is, singing praises to God by a divine impulse. God was pleased on this occasion that both Saul's messengers and himself should experience the like impulse, that he might understand, by this instance of the divine power, how vain are the designs of man against him whom God protects. (Challoner)
Menochius
The messengers did not return. (Menochius)
Calmet
They were seized by the spirit only when they arrived at Najoth. But Saul felt the impression even at Socho, threw aside his garments, and began to act and to speak as one inspired. (Calmet)
19:24
Naked. Divested of his regal ornaments, (Tirinus) though not in an indecent posture. People are said to be undressed, when they have not such clothes on as might be expected. Hesiod and Virgil say, Nudus ara, sere nudus; hiems ignava colono. "Plough and sow naked; choose a fine season for work, and rest in winter." (Haydock) See Micheas 1:8., and 2 Kings 6:20.
Haydock
Yet some assert (Calmet) that Saul was entirely undressed, as some pretended prophets and slaves go in the hot countries, Isaias 20:1. We are not to judge of the indecency of such behaviour from our own manners. Some copies read cecinit, (Calmet) and the Douay Bible has "and sang naked." (Haydock)
Worthington
Saul had not the gift of prophecy, like holy men, but only like Balaam's ass, for a time. (St. Augustine ad Simp. 2:1.) (Worthington)
Menochius
Prophets. This is something wonderful. (Menochius)
Calmet
The proverb was now confirmed, 1 Kings 10:11. (Calmet)
19:18
Najoth.... It was probably a school or college of prophets, in or near Ramath under the direction of Samuel.
19:20
Prophesying.... That is, singing praises to God by a divine impulse. God was pleased on this occasion that both Samuel’s messengers and himself should experience the like impulse, that he might understand, by this instance of the divine power, how vain are the designs of man against him whom God protects.
19:13
This statua, or image can not importe an idol, as the same word teraphim doth. Gen 31 for here no idolatrie at al was cōmitted, but a right office done by the wife towards her husband. The same word also signifieth religious thinges belonging to Gods seruice. ••ee. 3.
19:23
Saul and his messengers had not the gift of prophecie, as godlie prophetes had by an inherent habite, but transitorie, as Baalams asse had facultie to speake, at one time, but did not afterward speake anie more. S. Aug. l•. 2. q. 1. ad Simplician.
19:4
St Ambrose of Milan † AD 397 Selections from the Letters of St. Ambrose 51.10
10. Holy Job, himself also powerful in this world, says: “I hid not my sin, but declared it before all the people.” His son Jonathan said to the fierce King Saul himself: “Do not sin against thy servant David;”
19:5
St Ambrose of Milan † AD 397 Selections from the Letters of St. Ambrose 51.10
10. Holy Job, himself also powerful in this world, says: “I hid not my sin, but declared it before all the people.” His son Jonathan said to the fierce King Saul himself: “Do not sin against thy servant David;” and: “Why dost thou sin against innocent blood, to slay David without a cause?”
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on Paul's Epistle to the Romans 29
… And David in this way came to be king, having been first seen to be affectionately-minded towards them; so much indeed, though yet young, did he grieve for the people, as to risk his life for them, when he killed that barbarian. But if he said, “What shall be done to the man that killeth this Philistine?” (
19:10
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on Paul's Epistle to the Romans 7
… For let no one tell me, that he has often endeavored and been unable: for it is from the spirit that the actions are judged. For Saul did kill David, even though he did not hit him. (
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on Paul's Epistle to the Romans 28
… For what if he doth not choke us as he did him, still he strangles us in some other way by wicked works. We have need then of the harp of David, that we may charm our souls with the divine songs, both these, and those from good actions. Since if we do the one only, and while we listen to the charm, war with the charmer by our actions, as he did of old (
19:11
St Augustine of Hippo † AD 430 Expositions on the Book of Psalms 59.1.3
… For Crucified was Christ, and dead, and buried. That sepulchre was therefore as it were the house: to guard which the government of the Jews sent, when guards were set to the sepulchre of Christ. There is indeed a story in the Scripture of the Reigns, of the occasion when Saul sent to guard the house in order that he might kill David.
19:12
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 Treatise Concerning the Christian Priesthood 1.8
… For the daughter of Saul would not have been able to rescue her husband out of Saul’s hands
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 20
… v. 19 ) that thou mayest learn the energetic ( ἀρετὴν ) character of the man, how he shines even without miracles. “Then the disciples took him by night,” that the affair might not be suspected, “and let him down by the wall in a basket.”
Socrates Scholasticus † AD 440 The Ecclesiastical History of Socrates Scholasticus 3.8
… But if they reproach those who succeed in secreting themselves from the malice of their blood-thirsty adversaries, and revile such as flee from their persecutors, what will they say to Jacob’s retreat from the rage of his brother Esau, and to Moses retiring into the land of Midian for fear of Pharaoh? And what apology will these babblers make for David’s
19:20
St Gregory of Nazianzus † AD 389 Select Orations of Saint Gregory Nazianzen 43.52
… The occurrence is not to be lightly passed over. Upon his entrance he was struck by the thundering roll of the Psalms, by the sea of heads of the congregation, and by the angelic rather than human order which pervaded the sanctuary and its precincts: while Basil presided over his people, standing erect, as the Scripture says of Samuel,
19:23
St Augustine of Hippo † AD 430 On Baptism, Against the Donatists 5.24
… And the first of these is common to good and bad alike; the second, peculiar to the good and pious. Wherefore, if "baptism cannot be without the Spirit," then heretics have the Spirit also,—but to destruction, not to salvation, just as was the case with Saul.
19:24
St Gregory of Nyssa † AD 395 Against Eunomius 3.4
… wrath against the prophets, he was overcome by grace, and was found as one of the inspired, (the Spirit of prophecy willing, as I suppose, to instruct the apostate by means of himself,) whence the surprising nature of the event became a proverb in his after life, as the history records such an expression by way of wonder, “Is Saul also among the prophets
St Ambrose of Milan † AD 397 On the Duties of the Clergy 1.43
… David changed his countenance before the king, whose name was Achish. If he had done this without any fear of being recognized, he would certainly not have escaped the charge of levity. Saul also, surrounded by the company of prophets, himself prophesied. Yet of him alone, as though he were unworthy, was it said: “Is Saul also among the prophets?”
19:1
AND SAUL SPOKE TO JONATHAN HIS SON, AND TO ALL HIS SERVANTS, THAT THEY SHOULD KILL DAVID. — As the virtue and victories of David increased, so too did the envy and hatred of Saul toward him grow. For envy is the companion of virtue. Wherefore, since he could not overcome him by himself, he commanded, as Josephus says, that he be killed through his son Jonathan and his most faithful servants. But the providence of God, protecting David, overcame all things, and the invincible patience and prudence of David. For Jonathan loved David more than his father's impious command: indeed, he resisted Saul's command, and by his efficacious eloquence removing hatred from him, he converted it into love.
19:5
AND HE PUT HIS SOUL IN HIS HAND — that is, he exposed himself and his own life to evident danger of death for you and your kingdom, when he undertook so unequal and formidable a duel with the giant Goliath. WHY THEREFORE DOST THOU SIN AGAINST INNOCENT BLOOD? — as if to say, Why do you propose to sin? Why do you intend and decree to shed the innocent blood of David?
19:6
WHICH WHEN SAUL HEARD, BEING APPEASED BY THE VOICE OF JONATHAN, HE SWORE: THE LORD LIVETH, HE SHALL NOT BE SLAIN. — Behold here how efficacious was the speech of Jonathan, as also the patience, modesty, prayer and virtue of David. This is the illustrious victory of Christ and the Saints, by which, overcoming evil with good, they conquer their adversaries, not by killing them, but by making friends out of enemies; which is far more difficult, glorious and divine. Whence St. Chrysostom, in his homily On David and Saul, concludes: "Do you also therefore be a physician to him who has harmed you; seek only this one thing, how you might remove his disease from him."
19:8
AND HE SMOTE THEM WITH A GREAT SLAUGHTER. — Behold how God rewarded the patience of David with a new victory over the Philistines: but this stirred up new envy in Saul.
19:10
AND SAUL SOUGHT TO PIN DAVID TO THE WALL WITH HIS SPEAR. — Behold how various and inconstant is the heart of man, especially of the wicked and envious. For when it is thoroughly imbued with the gall of rancor and hatred, even if it be covered over for a time with the honey of love, as soon as that evaporates it returns forthwith to its accustomed bitter rages and harms.
19:11
SAUL THEREFORE SENT SATELLITES TO DAVID'S HOUSE TO WATCH HIM, THAT HE MIGHT BE KILLED IN THE MORNING — that is, so that in the morning they might seize David as he went out of the house and bring him to Saul to be killed. Moreover, David, being placed in these straits, composed Psalm LVIII: "Deliver me from my enemies, O my God, and defend me from them that rise up against me."
19:12
SHE LET HIM DOWN THROUGH A WINDOW. — Because Saul's satellites were guarding the doors, Michal let him down through the window. Thus St. Paul, besieged by Aretas at Damascus, escaped by being let down in a basket from the wall (II Corinthians XI). Note here the fidelity, prudence and love of Michal toward her husband David: she detected the snares, gave counsel, let him down through the window, and placed an image in the bed.
19:13
AND MICHAL TOOK AN IMAGE, AND LAID IT ON THE BED, AND PUT A GOAT'S HAIR PILLOW AT HIS HEAD, AND COVERED IT WITH CLOTHES. — Michal did this so that David might have time to flee. For she simulated that David was sick and lying in bed. The satellites, looking from afar into the dark chamber, thought it was not an image but David himself. For image, in Hebrew it is תרפים theraphim. Michal placed a hairy skin, so that by these reddish hairs she might represent David's reddish hair. Or certainly so that by this soft skin she might seem to be soothing the head of the sick David in the little bed. Hear St. Jerome: "Not a goat's liver, as our codices have it, but a pillow made of goat's skin sewn together which, with uncut hair, would feign the head of a man wrapped in a little bed."
19:18
BEHOLD DAVID IS IN NAIOTH IN RAMATHA. — "Naioth," says Adrichomius, is a place near the city of Ramatha, six miles distant from Jerusalem toward Bethel. The Chaldean translator renders Naioth as "house of doctrine." For here was the assembly and college of the Prophets, that is, of religious men devoted to God.
19:20
WHEN THEY SAW THE COMPANY OF THE PROPHETS PROPHESYING — that is, praising God with their accustomed hymns and psalms. The Spirit of God here dictated to them the hymns which they sang, and at the same time inspired them with the affection of singing. God did this for the sake of David, so that he might have time to escape. Morally, learn here how much the society of the good avails, as also the virtue and merits of the Saints. For these ruffians or servants of Saul, being among the prophets, became prophets themselves, and praised God.
19:24
AND HE ALSO STRIPPED HIMSELF OF HIS GARMENTS, AND PROPHESIED BEFORE SAMUEL. — Angelomus, Lyra and Abulensis think that Saul stripped himself only of his outer royal garments, not of his inner ones, because the Spirit of God does not take away shame. AND HE FELL NAKED ALL THAT DAY AND NIGHT — so that David might have sufficient time to flee. IS SAUL ALSO AMONG THE PROPHETS? — We have heard the same thing said of Saul in chapter X, but there the novelty was the cause of the proverb; here, however, it is the contradiction. For all marveled that Saul, so hostile to David the prophet, was suddenly so changed that he prophesied among his companions. St. Augustine in Psalm CIX teaches that even to the wicked, in the very act and heat of wickedness, the spirit of prophecy can be given; for this is a grace freely given, not a grace that makes pleasing. "Saul, not when he had persecuted, but when he was actually persecuting David, prophesied. Let not those therefore boast who perhaps without charity have had this holy gift of God. If I have all prophecy, but have not charity, I am nothing. And Saul prophesied, but he wrought iniquity." Morally, behold and marvel here at God's power over the wicked, even the obstinate, as much as His clemency and beneficence. He did something similar and far greater in Saul: while he was still "breathing out threatenings and slaughter against the disciples of the Lord," striking him with heavenly light He immediately transformed him, making him an Apostle from a persecutor, a Doctor of the Gentiles from a Pharisee. This is the change wrought by the right hand of the Most High.
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
19:1
Saul (Heb. Šāʾūl "Obtained with Prayer")
… wage war at the head of a thousand men, hoping thus to rid himself of him, but David was victorious everywhere; while S. pursued him to kill him, twice David surprised him in his sleep, but magnanimously spared him; finally S. was reconciled with him (ibid. 19, 1-27, 12). As a decisive attack by the Philistines in the plain of Jezreel was imminent, having been unable to obtain a response from God, S. consulted a necromancer at Endor, who evoked …
19:9
appears distinct, to the "evil spirit" (opposed to the "spirit of Yahweh" which abandons Saul when the latter breaks [with him]: 1 Sam. 16:14-16; 18:10-12; 19:9; 26:19; 28:15-16), referred to divine causality by virtue of an absolute theocentrism; the "evil spirit" works as a spirit of discord (Judg. 9:23), is a "lying spirit" that impels …
19:11
Michal (Hebrew Mikhāl: « Who is powerful? » [?]; « The Almighty » [?]; « Who like God? » [?])
M. loved David ardently, and rescued him from her father's deadly searches by lowering him from a window; moreover, to delay the pursuit, she made him be believed, by a clever stratagem, to be sick in bed (ibid. 19:11-17). Then M. was given by her father, out of vengeance, as wife to a certain Phaltiel (ibid. 25:44). She later returned, when requested, to David as king in Hebron (ibid. 3:12-16), but, …
19:13
… In 1 Sam. 19:13, 16, a t. is placed in a bed, with a goat's skin on its head, to simulate a sick man: the context well supports the translation "dummy" (A. Vaccari), which at least must have had a life-sized …
19:18
… the country (ibid. 7). He resided, however, in his native city, where people gathered from everywhere to consult him (ibid. 9:6-13), and from where he gave impetus to associations of "prophets" (v.), whom he used in his work of reform (ibid. 10:5, 10; 19:18-20). In his last years he was assisted in the "judgeship" by two sons, who were, however, too unlike their father, which, together with grave historical reasons (e.g., the impending Philistine …
19:20
… Perhaps the phenomenon was similar to the glossolalia of which Acts 2:1-21; 10:44 f.; 19:6; I Cor. 14. The exaltation was sometimes communicated to bystanders, through some predisposition or through a particular divine intervention (cf. I Sam. 19:20-24): from these manifestations, attributed to the action of Yahweh, perhaps no supernatural character is to be excluded. …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.