The wicked and unhappy reign of Achaz.
For his great wickednes Achaz is taken in battel, his countrie spoyled, and manie •••yne by the kinges of Syria, and Israel. 9. yet God suffereth not the kingdom to be subdued. 16. Then requiring helpe of the Assyrians. 17 is spoyled by the Idumeans, Philisthians, and Assyrians. 22. After al which pl••nes he committeth more idolatrie. 26. dieth, and his sonne Ezechias reigneth.
1Achaz was twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem: he did not that which was right in the sight of the Lord as David his father had done,Achaz avea venti anni quando cominciò a regnare; e regnò sedici anni in Gerusalemme: egli non operò con rettitudine dinanzi al Signore, come David suo padre:TWENTIE yeares old was Achaz when he began to reigne, & he reigned sixtene yeares in Ierusalem: he did not right in the sight of our Lord as Dauid his father.Viginti annorum erat Achaz cum regnare cœpisset, et sedecim annis regnavit in Jerusalem. Non fecit rectum in conspectu Domini sicut David pater ejus, 2But walked in the ways of the kings of Israel; moreover also he cast statues for Baalim.Ma battè la via dei re d'Israele: e di più fece di getto statue a Baalim.but walked in the wayes of the kinges of Israel, moreouer also he did cast statues to Baalim.sed ambulavit in viis regum Israël, insuper et statuas fudit Baalim. 3It was he that burnt incense in the valley of Benennom, and consecrated his sons in the fire according to the manner of the nations, which the Lord slew at the coming of the children of Israel.Egli fu, che abbruciò incenso nella valle di Benennom, e fece passare pel fuoco i suoi figliuoli, secondo il rito delle nazioni sterminate dal Signore all'arrivo de' figliuoli d'Israele.He it is that burnt incense to the Valebenennom, and he consecrated his sonnes in fire according to the rite of the nations, which our Lord slewe in the coming of the children of Israel.Ipse est qui adolevit incensum in valle Benennom, et lustravit filios suos in igne juxta ritum gentium quas interfecit Dominus in adventu filiorum Israël. 4He sacrificed also, and burnt incense in the high places, and on the hills, and under every green tree.Egli parimente sacrificava, e bruciava timiami ne' luoghi eccelsi, e sui colli, e sotto ogni pianta ombrosa.He sacrified also, & burnt incense in the excelses, & on hilles, and vnder euerie tree ful of grene leaues.Sacrificabat quoque, et thymiama succendebat in excelsis, et in collibus, et sub omni ligno frondoso. 5And the Lord his God delivered him into the hands of the king of Syria, who defeated him, and took a great booty out of his kingdom, and carried it to Damascus: he was also delivered into the hands of the king of Israel, who overthrew him with a great slaughter.E il Signore Dio suo lo diede in potere del re di Siria, il quale lo sconfisse, e preda grande porto via dal suo reame a Damasco. Fu anche dato in potere del re d'Israele, il quale gli diede una gran rotta.And our Lord his God deliuered him into the handes of the king of Syria, who stroke him, and tooke a great praye out of his kingdom, & brought into Damascus: to the handes also of the king of Israel was he deliuered, and striken with a great plague.Tradiditque eum Dominus Deus ejus in manu regis Syriæ, qui percussit eum, magnamque prædam cepit de ejus imperio, et adduxit in Damascum: manibus quoque regis Israël traditus est, et percussus plaga grandi.
6For Phacee the son of Romelia slew of Juda a hundred and twenty thousand in one day, all valiant men, because they had forsaken the Lord the God of their fathers.E Phacea, figliuolo di Romelia, uccise in un giorno cento venti mila uomini di Giuda, tutta gente di valore: perchè eglino aveano abbandonato il Signore Dio de' padri loro.And Phacee the sonne of Romelia slewe of Iuda an hundred twentie thousand in one day, al men of warre: for that they had forsaken our Lord the God of their fathers.Occiditque Phacee filius Romeliæ, de Juda centum viginti millia in die uno, omnes viros bellatores: eo quod reliquissent Dominum Deum patrum suorum. 7At the same time Zechri a powerful man of Ephraim, slew Maasias the king’s son, and Ezricam the governor of his house, and Elcana who was next to the king.Nel tempo stesso Zechri, uomo potente in Ephraim, uccise Maasia figliuolo del re, ed Ezrica suo maggiordomo, e anche Elcana, che teneva il secondo posto dopo il re.At that time Zechri a mightie man of Ephraim, slewe Maasias the kinges sonne, and Ezricam the gouernour of his house, Elcana also second from the king.Eodem tempore occidit Zechri, vir potens ex Ephraim, Maasiam filium regis, et Ezricam ducem domus ejus, Elcanam quoque secundum a rege. 8And the children of Israel carried away of their brethren two hundred thousand women, boys, and girls, and an immense booty: and they brought it to Samaria.E i figliuoli d'Israele fecero prigionieri dugento mila dei loro fratelli, donne, fanciulli, e fanciulle; e fecero preda infinita, e la portarono in Samaria.And the children of Israel tooke of their brethren two hundred thousand of wemen, of boyes, and of wenches, and an infinite praye: and they brought it into Samaria.Ceperuntque filii Israël de fratribus suis ducenta millia mulierum, puerorum, et puellarum, et infinitam prædam: pertuleruntque eam in Samariam. 9At that time there was a prophet of the Lord there, whose name was Oded: and he went out to meet the army that came to Samaria, and said to them: Behold the Lord the God of your fathers being angry with Juda, hath delivered them into your hands, and you have butchered them cruelly, so that your cruelty hath reached up to heaven.In quel tempo era colà un profeta del Signore di nome Obed: il quale essendo andato incontro all'esercito, che veniva a Samaria, disse loro: Ecco che il Signore Dio de' padri vostri sdegnato contro Giuda, gli ha dati in poter vostro; e voi gli avete trucidati senza misericordia, talmente che la vostra crudeltà è giunta sino al cielo.At that time there was a Prophete of our Lord, named Oded: who going forth to meete the armie coming into Samaria, sayd to them: Behold our Lord the God of your fathers being angrie against Iuda, hath deliuered them into your handes, and you haue slayne them cruelly, so that your crueltie did reach to heauen.Ea tempestate erat ibi propheta Domini, nomine Oded: qui egressus obviam exercitui venienti in Samariam, dixit eis: Ecce iratus Dominus Deus patrum vestrorum contra Juda, tradidit eos in manibus vestris, et occidistis eos atrociter, ita ut ad cælum pertingeret vestra crudelitas.
10Moreover you have a mind to keep under the children of Juda and Jerusalem for your bondmen and bondwomen, which ought not to be done: for you have sinned in this against the Lord your God.E di più voi pretendete di soggettare a voi come schiavi, e come schiave i figliuoli, e le figlie di Giuda, e di Gerusalemme: ma questo non è da comportarsi: e voi in questo peccate contro il Signore Dio vostro.Moreouer the children of Iuda and Ierusalem you wil subdue vnto you for bondmen and bondwemen, which nedeth not to be done: for you haue sinned hereupon to our Lord your God.Insuper filios Juda et Jerusalem vultis vobis subjicere in servos et ancillas: quod nequaquam facto opus est: peccastis enim super hoc Domino Deo vestro. 11But hear ye my counsel, and release the captives that you have brought of your brethren, because a great indignation of the Lord hangeth over you.Ma fate a modo mio, e riconducete alle case loro questi prigionieri fratelli vostri, che avete condotti qua: perocché il furor grande del Signore sta pendente sopra di voi.But heare ye my counsel, and carie backe the captiues, that you haue brought of your brethren, because the great furie of our Lord hangeth ouer you.Sed audite consilium meum, et reducite captivos quos adduxistis de fratribus vestris, quia magnus furor Domini imminet vobis. 12Then some of the chief men of the sons of Ephraim, Azarias the son of Johanan, Barachias the son of Mosollamoth, Ezechias the son of Sellum, and Amasa the son of Adali, stood up against them that came from the war.Si fermarono adunque alcuni dei principi de' figliuoli di Ephraim, Azaria figliuolo di Jonanan, Barachia figliuolo di Mosollamoth, Ezechia figliuolo di Sellum, e Amasti figliuolo di Adali in faccia a quelli, che tornavano dalla battaglia.There stood therfore princes of the children of Ephraim, Azarias the sonne of Iohanan, Barachias the sonne of Mosollomoth, Ezechias the sonne of Sellum, and Amasa the sonne of Hadali, against them that came out of the battel,Steterunt itaque viri de principibus filiorum Ephraim, Azarias filius Johanan, Barachias filius Mosollamoth, Ezechias filius Sellum, et Amasa filius Adali, contra eos qui veniebant de prælio, 13And they said to them: You shall not bring in the captives hither, lest we sin against the Lord. Why will you add to our sins, and heap up upon our former offences? for the sin is great, and the fierce anger of the Lord hangeth over Israel.E disser loro: Voi non condurrete qua dentro questi prigionieri, perchè noi peccheremmo contro il Signore. Perchè volete aggiunger questo ai nostri peccati, e colmar la misura delle antiche colpe? perocché questo è un gran peccato, e l'ira furibonda del Signore sta sopra Israele.and they sayd to them: You shal not bring in the captiues hither, lest we sinne to our Lord. Why wil you adde vpon our sinnes, and heape vp old offences? for it is a great sinne, and the anger of the furie of our Lord hangeth ouer Israel.et dixerunt eis: Non introducetis huc captivos, ne peccemus Domino. Quare vultis adjicere super peccata nostra, et vetera cumulare delicta ? grande quippe peccatum est, et ira furoris Domini imminet super Israël.
14So the soldiers left the spoils, and all that they had taken, before the princes and all the multitude.Or quegli uomini guerrieri lasciarono la preda, e tutto quello, che aveano acquistato, dinanzi a que' principi, e a tutta la moltitudine.And the men of warre dismist the pray, & al the thinges that they had taken, before the princes and al the multitude.Dimiseruntque viri bellatores prædam, et universa quæ ceperant, coram principibus, et omni multitudine. 15And the men, whom we mentioned above, rose up and took the captives, and with the spoils clothed all them that were naked: and when they had clothed and shod them, and refreshed them with meat and drink, and anointed them because of their labour, and had taken care of them, they set such of them as could not walk, and were feeble, upon beasts, and brought them to Jericho the city of palm trees to their brethren, and they returned to Samaria.E quelli, che abbiam nominati di sopra, presero i prigionieri, e quei, che erano ignudi, e li rivestirono delle spoglie: e vestiti, e calzati, e ristorati di cibo, e di bevanda, gli unsero per sollevarli dalla stanchezza, e ne ebbero gran cura: e quelli, che non potevano camminare, ed erano deboli di corpo, li posero sopra degli asini, e li condussero a Gerico, città delle palme, ai loro fratelli, ed eglino se ne tornarono a SamariaAnd the men, whom we mentioned aboue, stood and taking the captiues, and al that were naked they clothed and shod them, with the spoyles: and when they had clothed and refreshed them with meate and drinke, and annoynted them because of their labour, and had looked carefully to them: as manie as could not walke, and were of a weake bodie, they set on beastes, and brought them to Iericho the Citie of palme trees to their brethren, and themselues returned into Samaria.Steteruntque viri quos supra memoravimus, et apprehendentes captivos, omnesque qui nudi erant, vestierunt de spoliis: cumque vestissent eos, et calceassent, et refecissent cibo ac potu, unxissentque propter laborem, et adhibuissent eis curam: quicumque ambulare non poterant, et erant imbecillo corpore, imposuerunt eos jumentis, et adduxerunt Jericho civitatem palmarum ad fratres eorum, ipsique reversi sunt in Samariam. 16At that time king Achaz sent to the king of the Assyrians asking help.In quel tempo il re Achaz mandò a chiedere aiuto al re degli Assiri.At that time king Achaz sent to the king of the Assyrians asking helpe.Tempore illo misit rex Achaz ad regem Assyriorum, postulans auxilium. 17And the Edomites came and slew many of Juda, and took a great booty.E gl'Idumei entrarono nel paese di Giuda, e uccisero molta gente, e fecero gran preda.And the Idumeans came and stroke manie of Iuda, and tooke a great praye.Veneruntque Idumæi, et percusserunt multos ex Juda, et ceperunt prædam magnam.
18The Philistines also spread themselves among the cities of the plains, and to the south of Juda: and they took Bethsames, and Aialon, and Gaderoth, and Socho, and Thamnan, and Gamzo, with their villages, and they dwelt in them.E i Filistei parimente inondarono le città della pianura, e la parte meridionale di Giuda: e presero Bethsames, e Aialon, e Gaderoth, e anche Socho, e Thamnan, e Gamzo co' loro castelli, e vi si annidarono.The Philisthijms also were spred abroad by the cities of the champayne, and toward the South of Iuda: and they tooke Bethsames, & Aialon, and Gaderoth, Socho also, & Thamnan, and Gamzo, with their villages, and dwelt in them.Philisthiim quoque diffusi sunt per urbes campestres, et ad meridiem Juda: ceperuntque Bethsames, et Ajalon, et Gaderoth, Socho quoque, et Thamnan, et Gamzo, cum viculis suis, et habitaverunt in eis. 19For the Lord had humbled Juda because of Achaz the king of Juda, for he had stripped it of help, and had contemned the Lord.Perocché il Signore aveva umiliato Giuda a causa di Achaz re di Giuda, il quale lo avea spogliato di ogni soccorso, avendo disprezzato il Signore.For our Lord had humbled Iuda because of Achaz the king of Iuda, for that he had made it naked of helpe, and had contemned our Lord.Humiliaverat enim Dominus Judam propter Achaz regem Juda, eo quod nudasset eum auxilio, et contemptui habuisset Dominum. 20And he brought against him Thelgathphalnasar king of the Assyrians, who also afflicted him, and plundered him without any resistance.Il quale fece muovere contro dì lui Thelgathphalnasar re degli Assiri; e questi lo ridusse alle strette, e senza trovar resistenza devastò il paese.And he brought agaynst him Theglathphalnasar the king of the Assyrians, who also afflicted him, and spoyled him no man resisting.Adduxitque contra eum Thelgathphalnasar regem Assyriorum, qui et afflixit eum, et nullo resistente vastavit. 21And Achaz stripped the house of the Lord, and the house of the kings, and of the princes, and gave gifts to the king of the Assyrians, and yet it availed him nothing.Achaz pertanto, spogliata la casa del Signore, e la casa reale, e quelle de' principi, diede doni al re degli Assiri, ma inutilmente.Therfore Achaz spoyling the house of our Lord, and the house of the kinges, and of the princes gaue giftes to the king of the Assyrians, and yet it did nothing profite him.Igitur Achaz, spoliata domo Domini, et domo regum ac principum, dedit regi Assyriorum munera, et tamen nihil ei profuit.
22Moreover also in the time of his distress he increased contempt against the Lord: king Achaz himself by himself,E di più nel tempo di sue angustie disprezzò sempre più il Signore.Moreouer also in the time of his distresse he increased contempte agaynst our Lord, king Achaz himself by himself,Insuper et tempore angustiæ suæ auxit contemptum in Dominum, ipse per se rex Achaz, 23Sacrificed victims to the gods of Damascus that struck him, and he said: The gods of the kings of Syria help them, and I will appease them with victims, and they will help me; whereas on the contrary they were the ruin of him, and of all Israel.Egli stesso il re Achaz immolò di sua mano vittime agli dei di Damasco, che gli davano addosso, e disse: Gli dei de' re di Siria danno aiuto a questi, e io li placherò colle vittime, e aiuteranno me: quando pel contrario furon la rovina di lui, e di tutto Israele.immolated victimes to the goddes of Damascus that stroke him, and sayd: The goddes of the kinges of Syria doe helpe them, whom I wil pacifie with hostes, and they wil ayde me, wheras on the contrarie part they were his ruine, and al Israels.immolavit diis Damasci victimas percussoribus suis, et dixit: Dii regum Syriæ auxiliantur eis, quos ego placabo hostiis, et aderunt mihi: cum e contrario ipsi fuerint ruinæ ei, et universo Israël. 24Then Achaz having taken away all the vessels of the house of God, and broken them, shut up the doors of the temple of God, and made himself altars in all the corners of Jerusalem.Achaz pertanto, portati via, e fatti in pezzi tutti i vasi della casa di Dio, chiuse le porte del tempio, ed eresse i suoi altari a tutte le cantonate di Gerusalemme.Achaz therfore hauing spoyled al the vessels of the house of God, and broken them shut the gates of the temple of God, and made him altars in al the corners of Ierusalem.Direptis itaque Achaz omnibus vasis domus Dei, atque confractis, clausit januas templi Dei, et fecit sibi altaria in universis angulis Jerusalem. 25And in all the cities of Juda he built altars to burn frankincense, and he provoked the Lord the God of his fathers to wrath.E anche in tutte le città di Giuda eresse altari per abbruciarvi incenso; e provocò ad ira il Signore Dio de' padri suoi.In al the cities also of Iuda he built altars to burne frankincense, and he prouoked to wrath our Lord the God of his fathers.In omnibus quoque urbibus Juda exstruxit aras ad cremandum thus, atque ad iracundiam provocavit Dominum Deum patrum suorum.
26But the rest of his acts, and all his works first and last are written in the book of the kings of Juda and Israel.Il rimanente poi delle sue azioni, e delle opere sue, le prime, e le ultime stanno scritte nel libro dei re di Giuda, e d'Israele.But the rest of his wordes, al his workes the first and the last are writen in the Booke of the kinges of Iuda and Israel.Reliqua autem sermonum ejus, et omnium operum suorum priorum et novissimorum, scripta sunt in libro regum Juda et Israël. 27And Achaz slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city of Jerusalem: for they received him not into the sepulchres of the kings of Israel. And Ezechias his son reigned in his stead.E Achaz si addormentò co' padri suoi, e fu sepolto nella città di Gerusalemme: perocché non vollero metterlo nei sepolcri dei re d'Israele. E gli succedette nel regno Ezechia suo figliuolo.And Achaz slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the Citie of Ierusalem: for they receiued him not into the sepulchres of the kinges of Israel. And Ezechias his sonne reigned for him.Dormivitque Achaz cum patribus suis, et sepelierunt eum in civitate Jerusalem: neque enim receperunt eum in sepulchra regum Israël. Regnavitque Ezechias filius ejus pro eo.
28:1
Year of the World 3262, Year before Christ 742.; 4 Kings xvi.
28:3
Benennom, "the son of Ennom," 4 Kings xvi.
Haydock
Consecrated. Hebrew, "burnt." (Haydock)
28:4
28:5
Haydock
Booty. Hebrew, "number of captives." (Haydock)
Menochius
The two kings had besieged Jerusalem without success: (4 Kings) but now their forces were divided. (Menochius)
The motives of this war were unjust, (Micheas 2:8.)
28:7
Haydock
At the same time, is not in Hebrew (Calmet) or Septuagint. (Haydock)
28:9
Haydock
Heaven, and cries for vengeance against you. Though God designed to punish his people, your cruelty will not be excused. (Haydock)
Haydock
The effect of this remonstrance, shews that all the kingdom of Israel was not devoid (Calmet) of feeling and religion. (Haydock)
Du Hamel
They set a noble example for Christian princes to follow after a victory. (Du Hamel)
28:10
God, who forbids this, Leviticus 25:43., and Micheas 2:8, 9. Hebrew, "are there not with you, yea, with you, sins against?" etc. If Juda have deserved punishment, reflect if you also be not guilty, ver. 13. Septuagint, "Behold, am I not here with you to bear witness to the Lord?"
28:13
Haydock
Our, is expressed in Hebrew and Septuagint. These people justly confess that they stand in need of pardon, without adding fresh crimes. (Haydock)
Calmet
The cruel treatment of the people of Juda, and the design to make them slaves, were grievous sins. (Calmet)
28:15
Haydock
Above. Hebrew, "by name." They deserved to be immortalized. (Haydock)
Anointed. This was very common, (Menochius) and refreshing. (Celsus 1:3.)
28:16
Kings. Hebrew, "kings." But Septuagint have the singular, 4 Kings 16:7.
28:17
Year of the World 3264, Year before Christ 740.
Haydock
And. Septuagint, "Because the Edomites had come,...and taken many prisoners." Protestants, "for again," etc. (Haydock)
28:18
Menochius
Gamzo. Syriac, "Garam," perhaps Gaza, (Calmet) or a city south of Juda. (Menochius)
28:19
Haydock
Of Juda. Hebrew, "Israel." But the Septuagint have "Juda." (Haydock)
Calmet
The names are often used promiscuously. (Calmet)
For he. Septuagint, "because he or it had apostatised from the Lord."
Haydock
Stript. Protestants, "he made Judah naked, and transgressed sore," etc. Thus were the idolatrous Israelites exposed to shame and misery, after they had adored the golden calf, Exodus 32:25. (Haydock)
Tirinus
In the Bacchanalian riots, the pagans threw off their garments, to shew that they trusted entirely in their false gods. (Tirinus)
Calmet
Achaz had plunged his country in distress, (Calmet) both of soul and body, (Haydock) by his scandalous deportment. (Calmet)
Haydock
Of all help, is added by way of explanation; (Tirinus) as God would no longer rescue his rebellious people from the hands of the enemy. (Haydock)
28:20
And. Hebrew and Septuagint, "And....the king....came against him, and smote him." Hebrew continues, "but strengthened him not" in the end; though he had been invited, (ver. 16.; Haydock) and had actually made a diversion in favour of Achaz. But not being satisfied, he afterwards returned, and made cruel havoc in the country, imposing tribute upon the king, ver. 21., 4 Kings 16:7., and 18:7. It is therefore unnecessary to correct the Hebrew, with Grotius, to make it agree with 4 Kings 16:7. Thus---he "came to his aid, and relieved him from his distress, (ver. 21,) and granted him assistance."
28:21
Calmet
Gifts. Tribute. (Calmet)
Haydock
Hebrew, "and gave it to, etc.: but he did not help him." (Haydock)
28:22
Moreover. Septuagint, "but to distress him."
Worthington
Wicked policy availeth nothing, but entails much evil. (Worthington)
Haydock
King. Hebrew, "that king Achaz." The sacred writer thus stigmatizes the impious king, who grew worse the more he was scourged. (Haydock)
Amama
This was the monster, which could not be tamed. (Amama)
Kimchi
Eva. "ille," is five times used as a reproach, and often to signify applause. (Kimchi)
Amama
By himself, is an addition. (Amama)
Calmet
It gives us to understand (Haydock) that Achaz acted thus of his own accord. (Calmet)
Haydock
Septuagint, "And king Achaz said, (23) I will studiously seek the gods of Damascus, who have buffetted me," etc. (Haydock)
Calmet
This resolution he took while the arms of Rasin were formidable to him: but he put it in execution after the king of Assyria had delivered him, when he went to Damascus to return him thanks, 4 Kings 16:10. This stupid blindness and impiety irritated God so much, that he abandoned Juda to the arms of the king, who had been called in as a protector. How could he expect aid from gods who had suffered their own country and people of Damascus to fall a prey to the invader! (Calmet)
28:24
Calmet
God: first through fear of the Assyrian, (4 Kings) but afterwards he permitted it to continue in the same state of irreligion. (Calmet)
Haydock
So easily do people fall into this abyss, who begin to neglect instruction! (Haydock)
Calmet
Ezechias took care to open the temple again, 2 Paralipomenon 29:3. (Calmet)
Tirinus
None of the former kings had dared (Haydock) to prohibit the worship of the true God. (Tirinus)
28:27
Calmet
Israel is put as comprising Juda. (Haydock) (Chap. 20:34., and 24:16., etc.) (Calmet)
28:19
For he had stripped it of help.... That is, Achaz stripped the kingdom of Juda of the divine assistance by his wickedness, and by his introducing idolatry.
28:1
Concordance 4. Reg. 16.
28:23
VVicked policie auaileth nothing, but hurteth much.
28:2
St Gregory of Nyssa † AD 395 On the Holy Spirit 1
… still when one shall have reached the highest limit of human faculties, the utmost height and magnificence of idea to which the mind can ever attain, even then one must believe it is far below the glory that belongs to
28:5
5. KING OF SYRIA. — This was Rasin, who was created by God to be king, so that he might be a scourge of the kingdom of Judah, and might punish its idols and crimes.
28:15
15. AND WHEN THEY HAD CLOTHED THEM AND SHOD THEM AND REFRESHED THEM WITH FOOD. — See here the remarkable humanity and mercy of the Israelites toward the Judeans, even though they were their enemies, which should be set before all Christian princes and leaders as an example to imitate. For thus in turn they will provoke God's mercy upon themselves, if they are merciful toward enemies captured by them; namely, "mercy is more powerful than violence," as King Antigonus of Macedon said according to Plutarch in his Apophthegms, so much so that Darius wished for Alexander the Great's clemency, and that he, although an enemy, would succeed him in the kingdom. Thus toward enemies were merciful Julius Caesar, Augustus, Vespasian, Titus, and Aurelian.
28:23
23. HE SACRIFICED TO THE GODS OF DAMASCUS VICTIMS TO THOSE WHO SMOTE HIM, AND SAID: THE GODS OF THE KINGS OF SYRIA HELP THEM, WHOM I WILL APPEASE WITH SACRIFICES, AND THEY WILL BE WITH ME, WHEN ON THE CONTRARY THEY THEMSELVES WERE A RUIN TO HIM AND TO ALL ISRAEL. — For these gods were demons, who study nothing but to harm Israel, that is, the faithful people. Similar was the folly of the pagan Romans, who invoked the gods of their enemies, so that being called forth from the hostile land they might migrate to Rome, and give the Romans victory over their enemies, as St. Augustine relates in Book IV of the City of God.
28:24
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
28:1
Achaz (Heb. 'Aḥaz, 'He [God] Holds')
… II Reg. 16:1-30; II Par. 28:1-27.
28:5
… destroying Arpad their capital (743-740); cf. II Kings 18:34. In 738 he received the tribute of the kings of Syria, among them: Ra-lu-um mar Dimadqi and Me-ni-hi-im-me ali Sa-me-ri-na-a-a, "Rezin of Damascus and Menahem of Samaria" (ibid. 15:37; 16:5-9; II Chron. 28:5 ff.; Is. 7:1 ff.). …
… Amiaud and V. Scheil, Les inscriptions de Salmanassar II, Paris 1890, p. 6), Di-ma-af-qa or Di-maf-qa in the Amarna letters; in biblical Hebrew it is Dammééq, but the Aramaic form is Darmééq in I Chron. 18, 5 and II Chron. 16, 2; 24, 23; 28, 5, 23; the Talmudic Darmééq, Darmééq; the Greek Δαμασκός. …
Rasin (Heb. Rēṣīn; Septuagint Pāṇḍaṣ; Assyrian Rasūṇṇ)
… Ahaz, harshly defeated by R. and by Pekah (II Chron. 28:5-15), was besieged in the capital; the aim was to remove the Davidic dynasty and place on the throne a certain Tabeel, a supporter of the policy of Damascus (the Syro-Ephraimite war, 735-734; …
28:7
Elcana (Heb. 'Elqāhāh, "God Has Possessed")
warriors of David (ibid., 12:6); 6) one of the two gatekeepers for the ark (ibid., 15:23), perhaps identical with the preceding; 7) the chief minister of Ahaz killed by Zichri (2 Chron. 28:7). Gino Bresson
HOLOFERNES. - Commander-in-chief, the highest personage after the king (Jdt. 2:4; cf. I Chron. 16:5; II Chron. 28:7; Esth. 13:3; 16:11), to whom Nebuchadnezzar (= Artaxerxes III Ochus, 358-338 B.C.; v. JUDITH) entrusts the execution of the plan for the occupation and devastation of the rebellious …
… in dethroning Queen Athaliah and placing King Joash on the throne (II Chron. 23, 1); 3) a son, or, as others suppose, a servant of King Ahaz, killed by Zichri of the army of King Pekah (v.) during the Syro-Ephraimite invasion of the Kingdom of Judah (II Chron. 28, 7); 4) the governor of Jerusalem, who received from King Josiah (v.) the task of restoring the temple (II Chron. 34, 8); 5) one of the priests who expounded the Law to the people, on …
4. An Ephraimite of the time of Ahaz (v.), who during the victorious war of Pekah (v.) killed Maaseiah the king's son, Azrikam the governor of the palace, and Elkanah, who was the second authority in the land after the king (2 Chr. 28:7).
28:12
Barachias (Heb. Berekhjāh[ā] = "blessed by Jahweh")
… (ibid. 6:39; 15:17), a Levite of the family of Elkanah (ibid. 9:16), one of the four Levites who guarded the ark (ibid. 15:23), one of the four chiefs of Ephraim who had the prisoners of Judah released by Pekah (v.) and accompanied them as far as Jericho (2 Chron. 28:12-15), the father of the builder Meshullam (Neh. 3:4, 30), the father of Zechariah taken as a witness by Isa. 8:2, the father of the prophet Zechariah (Zech. 1:7).
28:16
Rasin (Heb. Rēṣīn; Septuagint Pāṇḍaṣ; Assyrian Rasūṇṇ)
… Damascus became an Assyrian province (II Kings 16:9; II Chron. 28:16, 1940).
28:17
Rasin (Heb. Rēṣīn; Septuagint Pāṇḍaṣ; Assyrian Rasūṇṇ)
… Syro-Ephraimite war, 735-734; Isa. 7:1-9; 8:6; 9:11). The Edomites (II Kings 16:6 instead of 'Aram; Rēṣīn is considered a gloss) and the Philistines took advantage of this to attack Judah: the former retook Elath, the latter six cities of the Shephelah (II Chron. 28:17 ff.). …
28:18
Aijalon (Hebrew, from root 'Ajjāl "Deer", nearly "Place of Deer")
… First mentioned in connection with the miracle of the sun (Josh. 10:12), it was assigned first to the tribe of Dan (Josh. 19:42), then to the Levites (Josh. 21:24). Fortified by Rehoboam (2 Chron. 11:10), it was taken by the Philistines under Ahaz (ibid. 28:18); after that occupation there is no further record of this city. …
Shephelah (Heb. Haš-Šephēlāh "Lowland")
The Philistines move from their lands to occupy villages of the Shephelah (II Chron. 28:18; Zech. 7:7); the Syrian troops defeated by the Jews in the Shephelah take refuge in the cities of the coast and of Philistia (I Macc. 3:24; 4:45; 5:66, 68).
28:20
THEGLATHPHALASAR III. - King of Assyria from 745 to 727 B.C. (Assyrian Tuhulti-apil-Ešarra "My trust is the heir son of Ešarra," or the warrior god Ninurta, whose father is Enlil [v.] under the name Ešarra; Hebrew Tiglath-Pileser [2 Kings 16:7] or Tilgath-Pilneser [1 Chron. 5:6; 2 Chron. 28:20] or Tilgath-Pilneser [1 Chron. 5:26]). The true founder of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, he "might be considered the most remarkable figure in Assyrian history" (S. Smith).
28:22
Finally, entering into the play of political forces, relying on one's own arms and on powerful alliances, means no longer having unconditional faith in Yahweh, trust in his power (cf. II Chron. 28, 22-25).
28:23
Achaz (Heb. 'Aḥaz, 'He [God] Holds')
… A. first sought to win by sacrifices and prayers the help and benevolence of the enemy deities, sacrificing his own son to Moloch and offering victims to the gods of Damascus (II Par. 28:23), then had recourse to Tiglath-Pileser III (autumn of 735) through an embassy which, with the request for help, brought him all the gold and silver of the royal palace and of the Temple. …
28:24
Achaz (Heb. 'Aḥaz, 'He [God] Holds')
… Finally he dared to close the Temple, setting up altars "in every corner of Jerusalem" (II Par. 28:24). The impious king, at his death, was not buried in the royal tombs. …
28:25
Jericho (Hebrew Yērīkō, Arabic Eriha)
Assigned by Joshua to the tribe of Benjamin (Josh. 16, 17), the oasis was repopulated under the name of "city of palms" (Josh. 18, 21; Judg. 3, 19; II Chron. 28, 25). Eglon king of Moab made it his residence for 18 years (Judg. 3, 13); David's envoys stayed there until the affront done to them by the Ammonites had disappeared (II Sam. 10, …
28:34
… 36:14); Ahaz (736-721) replaced the altar of holocausts with another reproducing a model from Damascus (II Kings 16:10-14). It was restored or purified by Jehoshaphat (II Chron. 20:5), Joash of Judah (ibid. 24:4-14), Jotham (ibid. 27:3), Hezekiah (ibid. 28:34), Josiah (ibid. 34:3-7). With its treasures tribute was paid to invaders by Asa, Joash, Ahaz, and Hezekiah. …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.