The reign of Joakim, Joachin, and Sedecias.
Ioakim serueth the king of Babylon three yeares. 2. Manie rouers infest his countrie. 5. He dieth, and his sonne Ioachim reigneth 10. The king of Babylon carieth king Ioachim, and al the chief persones, and treasures into Babylon, 17. appointing Matthanias, whom he nameth Sedecias, king of Iuda. 20. VVho reuol•eth from the king of Babylon.
1In his days Nabuchodonosor, king of Babylon came up, and Joakim became his servant three years: then again he rebelled against him.A tempo di lui venne Nabuchodonosor re di Babilonia, e Joakim fu soggetto a lui per tre anni: e dipoi se gli ribellò.IN his daies came vp Nabuchodonosor the king of Babylon, and Ioakim was made his seruant three yeares: and he rebelled agaynst him againe.In diebus ejus ascendit Nabuchodonosor rex Babylonis, et factus est ei Joakim servus tribus annis: et rursum rebellavit contra eum. 2And the Lord sent against him the rovers of the Chaldees, and the rovers of Syria, and the rovers of Moab, and the rovers of the children of Ammon: and he sent them against Juda, to destroy it, according to the word of the Lord, which he had spoken by his servants, the prophets.E il Signore mandò contro di lui schiere di Caldei, e schiere di Siri, e schiere di Moabiti, e schiere di Ammoniti: le mandò contro di Giuda, per isterminarlo, secondo la parola del Signore intimata per mezzo de' profeti suoi servi.And our Lord senr in vpon him the rouers of the Chaldees, and the rouers of Syria, and the rouers of Moab, & the rouers of the children of Ammon: and he sent them into Iuda, to destroy it, according to the word of our Lord, which he had spoken by his seruantes the prophetes.Immisitque ei Dominus latrunculos Chaldæorum, et latrunculos Syriæ, et latrunculos Moab, et latrunculos filiorum Ammon: et immisit eos in Judam ut disperderent eum, juxta verbum Domini quod locutus fuerat per servos suos prophetas. 3And this came by the word of the Lord against Juda, to remove them from before him for all the sins of Manasses which he did;Or questo avvenne, perchè il Signore avea detto di togliersi dinanzi Giuda a causa di tutti i peccati commessi da Manasse,And this by the word of our Lord was done against Iuda, to take it away before him for al the sinnes of Manasses which he did,Factum est autem hoc per verbum Domini contra Judam, ut auferret eum coram se propter peccata Manasse universa quæ fecit, 4And for the innocent blood that he shed, filling Jerusalem with innocent blood: and therefore the Lord would not be appeased.E a causa del sangue innocente sparso da lui, che riempiè Gerusalemme di strage di uomini senza colpa: e per questo il Signore non volle placarsi.and for the innocent bloud, that he had shed, & filled Ierusalem with the bloud of innocentes: & for this thing God would not be made propitious.et propter sanguinem innoxium quem effudit, et implevit Jerusalem cruore innocentium: et ob hanc rem noluit Dominus propitiari.
5But the rest of the acts of Joakim, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the words of the days of the kings of Juda? And Joakim slept with his fathers:Il rimanente poi delle azioni di Joakim, e tutto quello, ch'ei fece, non è egli scritto nel diario de' fatti dei re di Giuda? E Joakim si addormentò co' padri suoi:But the rest of the wordes of Ioakim, and al that he did, are not these thinges writen in the Booke of the wordes of the daies of the kinges of Iuda? And Ioakim slept with his fathers:Reliqua autem sermonum Joakim, et universa quæ fecit, nonne hæc scripta sunt in libro sermonum dierum regum Juda ? Et dormivit Joakim cum patribus suis: 6And Joachin, his son, reigned in his stead.E Joachin suo figliuolo gli succedette nel regno.and Ioachin his sonne reigned for him.et regnavit Joachin filius ejus pro eo. 7And the king of Egypt came not again any more out of his own country: for the king of Babylon had taken all that had belonged to the king of Egypt, from the river of Egypt, unto the river Euphrates.E il re d'Egitto più non tentò di muoversi dal suo paese: perocché il re di Babilonia avea fatto conquista di tutto quello, che era stato del re d'Egitto dal torrente d'Egitto sino al fiume Eufrate.And the king of Aegypt added no more to come out of his countrie: for the king of Babylon had taken al that had beene the kinges of Aegypt, from the riuer of Aegypt, vnto the riuer Euphrates.Et ultra non addidit rex Ægypti ut egrederetur de terra sua: tulerat enim rex Babylonis, a rivo Ægypti usque ad fluvium Euphraten, omnia quæ fuerant regis Ægypti. 8Joachin was eighteen years old when he began to reign, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem: the name of his mother was Nohesta, the daughter of Elnathan, of Jerusalem.Diciotto anni avea Joachin, quando cominciò a regnare, e regno tre mesi in Gerusalemme: sua madre ebbe nome Nohesta figliuola di Elnathan di Gerusalemme.Eightene yeares old was Ioachin when he began to reigne, and he reigned three monethes in Ierusalem: the name of his mother was Nohesta the daughter of Elnathan of Ierusalem.Decem et octo annorum erat Joachin cum regnare cœpisset, et tribus mensibus regnavit in Jerusalem: nomen matris ejus Nohesta filia Elnathan de Jerusalem. 9And he did evil before the Lord, according to all that his father had done.Ed egli fece il male nel cospetto del Signore, imitando in tutto suo padre.And he did euil before our Lord, according to al thinges which his father had done.Et fecit malum coram Domino, juxta omnia quæ fecerat pater ejus.
10At that time the servants of Nabuchodonosor, king of Babylon, came up against Jerusalem, and the city was surrounded with their forts.In quel tempo i capitani di Nabuchodonosor re di Babilonia vennero contro Gerusalemme, e fecero la circonvallazione della città.At that time came vp the seruantes of Nabuchodonosor the king of Babylon into Ierusalem, and the citie was compassed with fortes.In tempore illo ascenderunt servi Nabuchodonosor regis Babylonis in Jerusalem, et circumdata est urbs munitionibus. 11And Nabuchodonosor, king of Babylon, came to the city, with his servants, to assault it.E venne Nabuchodonosor re di Babilonia sotto la città colla sua gente, per espugnarla.And Nabuchodonosor the king of Babylon came to the citie with his seruantes to assault it.Venitque Nabuchodonosor rex Babylonis ad civitatem cum servis suis ut oppugnarent eam. 12And Joachin, king of Juda, went out to the king of Babylon, he, and his mother, and his servants, and his nobles, and his eunuchs: and the king of Babylon received him in the eighth year of his reign.E Joachin re di Giuda andò a trovare il re di Babilonia colla sua madre, e co' suoi servi, o co' suoi principi, e co' suoi eunuchi: e il re di Babilonia lo accolse l'anno ottavo del suo regno.And Ioachin the king of Iuda went forth to the king of Babylon, he and his mother, and his seruantes, and his nobles, and his eunuches: and the king of Babylon receiued him the eight yeare of his reigne.Egressusque est Joachin rex Juda ad regem Babylonis, ipse et mater ejus, et servi ejus, et principes ejus, et eunuchi ejus: et suscepit eum rex Babylonis anno octavo regni sui. 13And he brought out from thence all the treasures of the house of the Lord, and the treasures of the king’s house: and he cut in pieces all the vessels of gold which Solomon, king of Israel, had made in the temple of the Lord, according to the word of the Lord.E portò via di là tutti i tesori della casa del Signore, e i tesori della casa reale: e fece in pezzi tutti i vasi d'oro fatti da Salomone re d'Israele pel tempio del Signore, come il Signore avea predetto.And he brought forth from thence al the treasures of the house of our Lord, and the treasures of the kinges house: and he cut in peces al the golden vessel, which Salomon the king of Israel had made in the temple of our Lord, according to the word of our Lord.Et protulit inde omnes thesauros domus Domini, et thesauros domus regiæ: et concidit universa vasa aurea quæ fecerat Salomon rex Israël in templo Domini juxta verbum Domini.
14And he carried away all Jerusalem, and all the princes, and all the valiant men of the army, to the number of ten thousand, into captivity: and every artificer and smith: and none were left, but the poor sort of the people of the land.E menò via in ischiavitù tutta Gerusalemme, tutti i suoi principi, e tutto il nerbo dell'esercito in numero di diecimila, e tutti gli artefici, e orefici: e non vi rimase nulla, eccettuata la plebe più meschina.And he transported al Ierusalem, and al the princes, and al the strong men of the armie, ten thousand into captiuitie: and euerie artificer and incloser: and nothing was left, sauing the poore sorte of the people of the land.Et transtulit omnem Jerusalem, et universos principes, et omnes fortes exercitus, decem millia, in captivitatem, et omnem artificem et clusorem: nihilque relictum est, exceptis pauperibus populi terræ. 15And he carried away Joachin into Babylon, and the king’s mother, and the king’s wives, and his eunuchs: and the judges of the land he carried into captivity, from Jerusalem, into Babylon.Egli trasportò parimente a Babilonia Joachin, e la sua madre, e le moglie del re, e gli eunuchi: e i giudici del paese li condusse in ischiavitù da Gerusalemme a Babilonia.He transported also Ioachin into Babylon, and the kinges mother, and the kinges wiues, and his eunuches: and the iudges of the land he led into captiuitie from Ierusalem into Babylon.Transtulit quoque Joachin in Babylonem, et matrem regis, et uxores regis, et eunuchos ejus: et judices terræ duxit in captivitatem de Jerusalem in Babylonem. 16And all the strong men, seven thousand, and the artificers, and the smiths, a thousand, all that were valiant men, and fit for war: and the king of Babylon led them captives into Babylon.E tutti gli uomini robusti in numero di settemila, e gli artefici, e orefici in numero di mille, e tutti gli uomini di valore atti alla guerra li menò il re di Babilonia prigionieri a Babilonia,And al the strong men, seuen thousand, and the artificers, and inclosers a thousand, al valiant men and warries: and the king of Babylon led them captiues into Babylon.Et omnes viros robustos, septem millia, et artifices, et clusores mille, omnes viros fortes et bellatores: duxitque eos rex Babylonis captivos in Babylonem. 17And he appointed Matthanias, his uncle, in his stead: and called his name Sedecias.E pose in luogo di Joachin Matthania suo zio paterno, e gli pose nome Sedecia.And he appointed Matthanias his vncle for him: and called his name Sedecias.Et constituit Matthaniam patruum ejus pro eo: imposuitque nomen ei Sedeciam.
18Sedecias was one and twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem: the name of his mother was Amital, the daughter of Jeremias, of Lobna.Ventun anno avea Sedecia quando cominciò a regnare, e undici anni regno a Gerusalemme: sua madre ebbe nome Amital, figliuola di Geremia di Lobna.One and twentie yeares old was Sedecias when he began to reigne, and he reigned eleuen yeares in Ierusalem: the name of his mother was Amital, the daughter of Ieremie of Lobna,Vigesimum et primum annum ætatis habebat Sedecias cum regnare cœpisset, et undecim annis regnavit in Jerusalem: nomen matris ejus erat Amital filia Jeremiæ de Lobna. 19And he did evil before the Lord, according to all that Joakim had done.Ed egli fece il male nel cospetto del Signore, imitando in tutto Joakim.And he did euil before our Lord, according to al thinges which Ioakim had done.Et fecit malum coram Domino, juxta omnia quæ fecerat Joakim. 20For the Lord was angry against Jerusalem and against Juda, till he cast them out from his face: and Sedecias revolted from the king of Babylon.Perocché si andava irritando il Signore contro Gerusalemme, e contro Giuda, sino a tanto che se li togliesse dinanzi. Or Sedecia si ribellò dal re di Babilonia.For our Lord was wrath against Ierusalem and against Iuda, til he cast them away from his sace: and Sedecias reuolted from the king of Babylon.Irascebatur enim Dominus contra Jerusalem et contra Judam, donec projiceret eos a facie sua: recessitque Sedecias a rege Babylonis.
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Year of the World 3398, Year before Christ 606.
Tirinus
Days. At the end of the third year, Daniel 1:1., and Jeremias 25:1. Nabuchadonosor, in the first year of his reign, (Jeremias 25:1.) being associated in the empire by his aged father Nabopolassar, came up to attack Carchemis, (Jeremias 46:1.) and the other dominions of Egypt, (ver. 7.) and their ally or vassal Joakim. He took the city of Jerusalem, and carried off many of the sacred vessels and captives, (Daniel i.; Calmet) conducting the king himself to prison, for a short time, when he set him at liberty, on condition that he should pay tribute, 2 Paralipomenon 36:6. (Tirinus)
Joakim obeyed for 3 years.
Tirinus
Then again. Hebrew, "he turned and rebelled." This was the first time, as he had before been subject to Egypt, and was attacked on that account. He probably took advantage of the absence of Nabuchodonosor, who was gone with haste to secure all the dominions of his deceased father. In the 7th year of his reign, he sent rovers to punish Joakim. When the latter had reigned near 11 years, they reduced the kingdom, and treated the king's corpse with the utmost indignity, Jeremias 22:19. (Tirinus)
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The rovers. Latrunculos. Bands or parties of men, who pillaged and plundered wherever they came. (Challoner) See 4 Kings 5:2., and Judges 11:3.
Nabuchodonosor could not come in person.
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Menochius
Did. Paralipomenon, and his abominations which he wrought, and the things which were found in him. This St. Jerome, (Trad.) explains of certain diabolical marks on his body, shewing him to be devoted to the fiend Codonasar. Such are often found on magicians. (Menochius)
Haydock
Thus the priests of Baal cut themselves, 3 Kings 18:28. (Haydock)
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Calmet
Egypt, at least from the eastern mouth of the Nile, at Damietta, to the Euphrates. Nechao had conquered all those countries: but now he was driven into his ancient territories. After some time he attempted to relieve Sedecias, but war repulsed by Nabuchodonosor, who soon after took Jerusalem, Jeremias 37:6. (Calmet)
Du Hamel
Again, during the reign of Joachin. (Du Hamel)
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Year of the World 3405, Year before Christ 599.
Kennicott
Eighteen. One Hebrew manuscript reads "thirteen," (Haydock) or 3 instead of 8. (Kennicott)
Calmet
The number seems also (Haydock) to be incorrect in Paralipomenon, where we find that Joachin was only eight years old, as the Syriac and Arabic have 18 in both places, and it could not well be said, that he did evil, etc., (ver. 9.) at the age of 8, much less that he had wives so soon, ver. 15. (Calmet)
Hardouin
Some attempt to reconcile both places, by saying that the eight years refer to the commencement of his father's reign; (Junius) which is very unusual: (Calmet) or to the servitude of Babylon, when Jerusalem was taken under Joakim. (Hardouin.)
Du Hamel
Sanctius conjectures that Joachin was associated with his father when he was 10 years old, and after 8 years became sole king. (Kimchi, etc.) (Du Hamel)
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Calmet
Done. Ezechiel 19:5., and Jeremias 22:24., speak of this king under the name of (Haydock) Jechonias. (Calmet)
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Haydock
Came. Hebrew, "servants....he came." But several manuscripts are more accurate and grammatical, "they came." (Kennicott) (Haydock)
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Went out. Josephus (Jewish Wars 6:8.) insinuates, to save the vessels of the temple.
Tirinus
Jeremias had persuaded him to desist from making resistance. (Tirinus)
Tirinus
Nabuchodonosor did not comply with his promise, (Menochius) but took the king and all the artificers (ver. 14.) to Babylon, that the former might not attempt to revenge the injuries done to his father, nor the latter contribute to fortify the towns. The Philistines had deprived the Israelites of blacksmiths, with the same design, 1 Kings vii., and xiii. (Angelomus.) (Tirinus)
Du Hamel
Eighth; commencing, or at the end of the seventh, Jeremias lii. (Du Hamel)
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All, or a great part; for some were still left, 1 Esdras 1.
Menochius
Which: or like unto those which Solomon had made. The identical vessels had been perhaps (Du Hamel) plundered. (Menochius)
Nabuchodonosor took away the sacred vessels at three different times: 1. under Joakim. These he placed in the temple of his god; and they were afterwards profaned by Baltassar, and restored by Cyrus, Daniel 1:2., and 5:5., and 1 Esdras 1:7. 2. Many he now broke in pieces. 3. Under Sedecias, he took probably what that prince had made, 4 Kings 25:13., and Baruch 1:7
Lord, by Isaias (xxxix. 6.; supra 4 Kings 20:17.) and Jeremias, 15:13.
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All; the chief men, 4 Kings 25:18. Ezechiel and Mardocheus were in the number.
Tirinus
Engraver. The first term means a workman in wood, stone, etc.; the latter seems to designate a mason, smith, or garrison-soldier; (Calmet) or one expert in making camps; (Sa) an engineer. (Tirinus)
Menochius
St. Jerome explains it of one who enchases jewels in gold. (Menochius)
Du Hamel
Hecateus and Demetrius (ap. Jos.[Josephus?] and Clement of Alexandria) mention this transportation. (Du Hamel)
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Du Hamel
Judges. Hebrew, "the rams." Chaldean, "the grandees." These are not included in the 10,000, (ver. 14.) nor more than (Calmet) the 8,000 who were taken from the country (ver. 16.; Calmet) or 3,000 were taken from Jerusalem, and 7,000 from other places. (Du Hamel)
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Haydock
Uncle, the third son of Josias, who was placed on the throne. (Haydock)
Calmet
The eldest, (Menochius) called Johanan, seems to have died in his youth. (Calmet)
Tirinus
Sedecias means, "the justice of God," (Tirinus) as Nabuchodonosor had adjured him, or made him swear by God; (2 Paralipomenon 36:15.; Haydock) and thus insinuated, that, if he proved faithless, he should feel the effects of God's justice, as it happened. (Tirinus)
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Calmet
Done. He was not deterred by his punishment, nor by the admonition of Jeremias, 37:2., and 2 Paralipomenon 36:12. The prophet informs us, that the priests and people defiled the temple of God. See Ezechiel viii., etc. (Calmet)
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Calmet
Revolted. Literally, "departed;" (Haydock) "broke his covenant;" (Septuagint) acting contrary to his oath, (Paralipomenon) and to the dictates of prudence. God permitted this to take place, in the 8th year of Sedecias. (Calmet)
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The Lord sent against him the rovers.... Latrunculos. Bands or parties of men, who pillaged and plundered wherever they came.
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Not dying in peace, for he was slaine by Nabuchodonosor, Iosephus li. 10. c. 8. Ant. And his bodie was cast out of the citie, according as Ieremie prophecied c. 22. vvith the burial of an asse shal he be buried. &c.
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In this he greuosly offended hauing sworne to serue him And therfore Ezechiel c. 1•. fortelleth the miserie that wil fal vpon him. shal he that broke couenant escape? &c.
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Origen † AD 254 Origen's Commentary on Matthew 12.1
… And from these things I think you may go on by rational argument to consider, whether when forces join in opposition which are in disagreement with one another, as of Pharaoh with Nebuchadnezzar,
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St Hippolytus † AD 235 On Daniel 1
… And in his stead he sets up his brother Eliakim as king over the land, whose name also he changed to Jehoiakim, and who was then eleven years old. Against him came up Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon,
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St Cyprian of Carthage † AD 258 On the Lord's Prayer 25
… so that all our fear, and devotion, and obedience may be turned towards God, since in our temptations nothing is permitted to evil unless power is given from Him. This is proved by divine Scripture, which says, “Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came to Jerusalem, and besieged it; and the Lord delivered it into his hand.”
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St Cyril of Jerusalem † AD 386 The Catechetical Lectures of S. Cyril 2.17
… Hast thou not heard that he put out the eyes of the king, after he had already seen his children slain ? Hast thou not heard that he brake in pieces the Cherubim? I do not mean the invisible beings;—away with such a thought, O man ,—but the sculptured images, and the mercy-seat, in the midst of which God spake with His voice
St Ambrose of Milan † AD 397 On the Duties of the Clergy 2.28
… For He Who sent the apostles without gold also brought together the churches without gold. The Church has gold, not to store up, but to lay out, and to spend on those who need. What necessity is there to guard what is of no good? Do we not know how much gold and silver the Assyrians took out of the temple of the Lord?
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St Augustine of Hippo † AD 430 Expositions on the Book of Psalms 65.1
… For the captive people Israel from the city of Jerusalem was led into slavery unto Babylon.
St Augustine of Hippo † AD 430 Expositions on the Book of Psalms 79.3
3. Furthermore herein we ought either to perceive those things which were done by other enemies, before Christ had come in the flesh: at that time when there were even the holy prophets, when the carrying away into Babylon took place,
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St John Chrysostom † AD 407 The Homilies on the Statues to the People of Antioch 19.9
… He placed it to be looked upon; and it grew, and became a weak vine, and of small stature, and it stretched out its branches towards him, and its roots were under him.” Here he calls the city of Jerusalem
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1. In those days Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up, and Joakim became his servant (subject and tributary) for three years, and then rebelled again—in the fourth year of his reign. Josephus relates this more fully, lib. X, cap. vii and following, where he recounts how the Egyptians and Babylonians, after the Assyrians were defeated, contended for empire. First the Egyptians, after slaying Josias, subjugated Syria; then returning to Judea, they removed Joachaz and made Joakim king, who, relying on Egyptian aid, refused in the fourth year to pay the tribute which he had given to the Babylonians for three years. Wherefore Nebuchadnezzar came against him in that same year and carried him off to Babylon, where he sent him back to Jerusalem after he promised tribute. Joakim remained faithful for seven years; but in the eighth year, which was the eleventh of his reign, he rebelled again. Wherefore Jerusalem was intercepted by the soldiers of Nebuchadnezzar and he was captured and slain in it, his son Joachin being put in his place. But since Nebuchadnezzar feared lest Joachin the son should imitate his father Joakim in rebellion and avenge his death, he took him and led him to Babylon, and in his stead placed Sedeciah his uncle in the kingdom, who also wavered in his faith and in his subjection promised to Nebuchadnezzar, trusting in the vain hope of Egyptian aid; for which reason he was often admonished and rebuked by Jeremiah, and finally, rebelling, was besieged by Nebuchadnezzar in Jerusalem; and when the Egyptians wished to come to his aid, they were prevented and put to flight by Nebuchadnezzar. Nebuchadnezzar therefore took Jerusalem, and Sedeciah in it, and blinded him and slew his sons, and in the fifth year after invaded Egypt and subdued it, and slew Pharao its king. See also Jeremiah, cap. xxii, 13 and seq. and the Author of On the Wonders of Holy Scripture, in St. Augustine, tom. III, lib. II, cap. IX. Furthermore, this fourth year of Joakim was the first year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar, in which he himself carried off Joakim with Daniel and other nobles to Babylon. Then after eight years, namely in the eleventh and last year of the reign of Joakim, he being slain, he carried off his son Joachin with all the princes, soldiers and citizens of Jerusalem, as is said cap. xxiv, 14, whence from this eleventh year of Joakim, which was the eighth of Nebuchadnezzar, the seventy years of the Babylonian captivity are to be reckoned; for Nebuchadnezzar reigned after Joachin was carried off for 36 years, then his son Evilmerodach, or Baltasar, for 34 years, which joined together make 70. Cyrus king of the Persians succeeded Baltasar, who, when the 70 years of captivity were now completed, taking Babylon and slaying Baltasar, freed the Jews from Babylon. See the words of Jeremiah xxix, 10.
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2. And the Lord sent against him the robbers of the Chaldeans.—"Robbers" are called soldiers who ravage and sally forth to plunder like robbers. These Nebuchadnezzar sent, so that joined with the Syrians, Moabites and Ammonites they might intercept Jerusalem and capture and slay the rebellious Joakim; which they did, as I have already said. And Joachin his son reigned in his stead.—Note: Joakim the father and Joachin the son, or Jeconias and Jechonias, differ, Matt. 1. For the father Joakim is written in Hebrew with the letter Coph and Mem; but the son Joachin is written with Caph and Nun. Joakim in Hebrew means God will strengthen; Joachin, however, means God will prepare or direct. Joachin or Jechonias is shortened by Jeremiah, cap. xxii, vers. 24, in the Hebrew, and called Conias, that is, prepared, namely for destruction.
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8. Joachin was eighteen years old when he began to reign.—You will say: II Paralip. cap. ult., vers. 9, it is said he reigned in the eighth year. I answer: At eighteen years old he reigned alone after his father, but in the eighth year he began to reign with his father Joakim. For it appears that Joachin was declared King in the third or fourth year of his father Joakim, namely when Nebuchadnezzar took his father and carried him off to Babylon. Thus Abulensis. And he reigned three months.—How then is it said in II Paral. cap. ult., vers. 10, that he was carried off by Nebuchadnezzar after a year? Cajetan answers that some months of interregnum elapsed between Joakim and Joachin before Joachin assumed the kingdom. I shall bring another answer in II Paralip. cap. ult., vers. 10.
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12. And Joachin went out,—at the persuasion of Jeremiah, that he should surrender himself to Nebuchadnezzar, as is clear from Jerem. xxxviii, 2 and seq., and therefore he was indeed led to Babylon, but after the death of Nebuchadnezzar he was freed from prison by his son Evilmerodach and treated with the highest honor in the thirty-seventh year after this, as is found in the following cap., vers. 27.
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14. And he carried away all Jerusalem, — that is, all the citizens and inhabitants of Jerusalem. This was the second captivity. For the first indeed took place eight years before, in the fourth year of Joakim, when he himself, rebelling, was led away with the chief men into Babylon, as I said in verse 1; the second was this one, in which Joachin with his princes and soldiers, and with the Prophet Ezechiel was led away; the third and final one took place after eleven years, namely in the final year of Sede- And every craftsman and one who shuts, — that is, "one who shuts in," as Our translator rendered it, Jerem. xxiv, 1, by whom St. Jerome there understands him who sets precious gems in metals and binds them with golden rings. Others better understand those who are skilled in laying out camps, and know how to enclose them with their ramparts as with barriers, just as they wall and fortify cities. Thus Vatablus, Sanchez and others. Whence the Chaldean translator renders it as gatekeepers, that is, guardians of cities and closers of gates. For here we are dealing with soldiers and mighty men, whom the Chaldeans took from the Jews lest they rebel again, just as the Philistines did, 1 Kings cap. xiii, 19. Thus Angelomus. So by "craftsman" understand "smith" as Our translator rendered it, Jerem. cap. xxiv, vers. 1, namely him who forges swords and other weapons. The devil uses the same art, when he strives to remove zealous men from the Republic, so that he may destroy it deprived of protection.
24:17
17. And he appointed Matthanias his uncle (namely of Joachin, and therefore brother of Joakim), and imposed upon him the name Sedeciah, — so that namely he himself by his name might always be reminded of the faith and subjection which he had promised to Nabuchodonosor to keep; for "Sedeciah" in Hebrew is the same as "my God is justice." Thus Cajetan. Josias the pious king imposed pious names upon his sons, which might admonish them of piety toward God. Whence he called one "Joachaz," that is, God's apprehension or possession, so that whenever he heard himself named, he might think that he was apprehended and possessed by God; another he called "Eliakim," that is, God's firmness, so that he might think himself to be strengthened by God alone; a third he called "Matthanias," that is, gift of God, or according to the Syriac, expectation, so that in all adversities he might flee to the Lord as to a refuge; but all, forgetful of God equally as of their name, fled to idols, and therefore, God avenging, they perished.
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
24:1
… King Jehoiakim, placed on the throne by the Pharaoh, according to II Kings 24, 1-7, submitted and became a vassal of N. for three years. …
24:2
… Therefore they rejoiced at the misfortunes of Israel (Zeph. 2:8) and at the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar (Jer. 9:24 ff.; Ezek. 21:33-37; 25:1-7), indeed they cooperated in it under Jehoiakim (2 Kings 24:2), and their king Baalis had Gedaliah (v.; ibid. 25:25 and Jer. 40:14-41:2) put to death; they realized their ancient dream by occupying the territory of Gad (Jer. 49:1). On the return …
… Nebuchadnezzar at first limited himself to sending against the rebellious king of Judah armed bands of Arameans, Moabites and Ammonites together with some detachments of Chaldeans (II Kings 24:2); a few months later he himself came to lay siege to Jerusalem. …
… Abel [op. cit. in bibl.], p. 280). After the rebellion of Jehoiakim (ca. 601 B.C.), bands of Moabites, Ammonites and Edomites joined the Chaldean forces and attacked Judah (II Kings 24:2; cf. Jer. 12:7-17). In 594 M., with Ammon, Edom, Tyre and Sidon, urged Judah to rebel against Nebuchadnezzar (Jer. 27:1-11). In 588 it rebelled against the Chaldeans together with Judah. …
24:5
1 and 2 (3 and 4) Book of Kings
The following sources are explicitly cited: the Book of the acts of Solomon (I Reg. 11, 41); the Annals of the Kings of Judah (15 times, the first for Rehoboam [I Reg. 14, 29], the last for Jehoiachin [II Reg. 24, 5]); the Annals of the Kings of Israel (18 times, the first for Jeroboam [I Reg. 14, 19], the last for Pekah [II Reg. 15, 31]). It is dis-
24:7
… victory, N. consecrated his armor to Apollo Didymaeus (Herodotus, II, 159). Then he was defeated at Carchemish by Nebuchadnezzar II in 605 (Jer. 46, 2-26) and was forced to cede Syria to him; after which he withdrew to Egypt and never left it again (II Kings 24, 7).
Torrent of Egypt (Heb. Naḥal Miṣráyim)
… Naḥal Miṣráyim). - The southern frontier of the land of Canaan (Num. 34:5), of the tribe of Judah (Josh. 15:4-7) and of Solomon's kingdom (I Kings 8:66; II Kings 24:7).
24:14
AM HÂ-ÂRES. - A Hebrew expression ("people of the land"), which in the earliest documents indicates simply the people of a particular region or the country folk (Gen. 42, 6; 2 Kings 24, 14), but already in Ezra (4, 4) and Neh. (10, 31) it designates the pagans who had intermarried with the Israelites. …
Ezechiel (Heb. Jēḥezqēl «God is strong» or «God strengthens»)
… Jerusalem, which had rebelled against him, to surrender; he deported to Babylon King Jehoiachin, the queen mother, the court, 7,000 of the most influential, 1,000 craftsmen, and several other persons; he stripped the temple of its most precious furnishings (2 Kings 24:14, 16). E. was among the deportees (Ez. 1:1-3).
With King I. many other people were deported, among them 7,000 warriors and notables and a thousand skilled workers to be employed in the construction works at Babylon: in Jerusalem "only the poorest of the land remained" (2 Kings 24:14 ff.). …
24:17
Sedecias (Heb. Sidhāyijāhā "Justice of Jahweh")
… His name was Mattaniah, changed to that of S. by Nebuchadnezzar himself (II Kings 24:17), who also imposed on him an oath of loyalty (II Chron. 36:13).
24:18
1 and 2 (3 and 4) Book of Kings
… others (cf. H. Höpfl - A. Miller - A. Metzinger [v. bibl.], p. 167 ff.); this can be explained by a certain analogy in the manner of conceiving and judging between the two books of R. and that of Jeremiah, but especially by the identity of content of II Reg. 24, 18-25, 21, 27-30 (25, 22-26 are a summary of the account in Ier. 40, 7-41, 18) and of Ier. 52. But it is more likely that a redactor of the oracles of Jeremiah borrowed from the book of …
Lebna (Heb. Libhná; Gr. Lechna, Lochna)
took on his return from Lachish (2 Kings 19:8; Isa. 37:8). It was the birthplace of the mother of Jehoahaz and of Zedekiah, kings of Judah (2 Kings 23:31; 24:18).
… There he is designated by the title amēlu rab nuhūmu (sic), "prefect of the bakers (and cooks)." More is known from the biblical pericopes Jer. 39:1-14; 52:1-30, of which II Kings 24:18-25:21 is an abbreviated reference. …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.