Expositions on the Book of Psalms 34
34.0 Psalm XXXIV PL 36, 130
34.1 Psalm XXXIV PL 36, 322
1. Because there was there a sacrifice after the order of Aaron, and afterwards He of His Own Body and Blood appointed a sacrifice after the order of Melchizedek; He changed then His Countenance in the Priesthood, and sent away the kingdom of the Jews, and came to the Gentiles. What then is, “He affected”? He was full of affection. For what is so full of affection as the Mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ, who, seeing our infirmity, that He might deliver us from everlasting death, underwent temporal death with such great injury and contumely? “And He drummed:” because a drum is not made, except when a skin is extended on wood; and David drummed, to signify that Christ should be crucified. But, “He drummed upon the doors of the city:” what are “the doors of the city,” but our hearts which we had closed against Christ, who by the drum of His Cross hath opened the hearts of mortal men? “And was carried in His Own Hands:” how “carried in His Own Hands”? Because when He commended His Own Body and Blood, He took into His Hands that which the faithful know; and in a manner carried Himself, when He said, “This is My Body.” “And He fell down at the doors of the gate;” that is, He humbled Himself. For this it is, to fall down even at the very beginning of our faith. For the door of the gate is the beginning of faith; whence beginneth the Church, and arriveth at last even unto sight: that as it believeth those things which it seeth not, it may deserve to enjoy them, when it shall have begun to see face to face. So is the title of the Psalm; briefly we have heard it; let us now hear the very words of Him that affecteth, and drummeth upon the doors of the city.
[vers. 1, 2.] Psalmum istum nobis a jubentibus fratribus et coepiscopis meis impositum esse ad tractandum, noverit charitas vestra. Voluerunt ut hinc omnes aliquid audiamus. Ab illo enim omnes audimus, a quo pariter discimus, et in cujus schola condiscipuli sumus. Titulus ipsius moram nobis non facit; brevis est enim, et ad intelligendum, maxime nutritis in Ecclesia Dei, non difficilis. Habet enim, Ipsi David. Psalmus ergo ipsi David: David interpretatur Fortis manu, vel desiderabilis. Psalmus ergo manu forti et desiderabili, qui nostram mortem vicit, qui nobis vitam promisit: in hoc enim manu fortis, quia mortem nostram vicit; in hoc desiderabilis, quia vitam aeternam promisit. Quid enim fortius manu hac, quae tetigit loculum, et mortuus resurrexit ? quid fortius manu hac, quae mundum vicit, non ferro armata, sed ligno transfixa? quid autem desiderabilius eo, quem non videntes martyres, mori voluerunt, ut ad illum pervenire mererentur? Ergo Psalmus illi: illi cor nostrum, illi lingua nostra digna cantet: si tamen ipse dignabitur donare quod cantet. Nemo illi cantat digna, nisi qui ab illo acceperit quod cantare possit. Denique hoc quod modo cantamus, Spiritu ejus dictum est per Prophetam ejus, et in eis verbis ubi nos agnoscimus et ipsum. Nec injuriam facimus, quia dicimus nos et ipsum: quoniam cum esset in coelo, sic clamavit, Quid me persequeris ? cum eum nemo tangeret, et nos in terra laboraremus. Ergo vocem ejus audiamus, nunc corporis, nunc capitis. Est enim psalmus iste invocans Deum contra inimicos in tribulationibus hujus saeculi: et utique ipse est Christus, tribulato tunc capite, tribulato nunc corpore: tamen per tribulationes omnibus membris suis dans vitam aeternam, quam promittendo desiderabilis factus est.
34.2 PL 36, 323
2. “I will bless the Lord at all times; His praise shall be ever in my mouth” (ver. 1). So speaketh Christ, so also let a Christian speak; for a Christian is in the Body of Christ; and therefore was Christ made Man, that that Christian might be enabled to be an Angel, who saith, “I will bless the Lord at all times.” When shall I “bless the Lord”? When He blesseth thee? When the goods of this world abound? When thou hast great abundance of corn, oil, and wine, of gold and silver, of servants and cattle; when this mortal health remaineth unwounded and sound; when all that are born to thee grow up, nothing is withdrawn by immature death, happiness wholly reigneth in thy house, and all things overflow around thee; then shalt thou bless the Lord? No; but “at all times.” Therefore both then, and when according to the time, or according to the scourges of our Lord God, these things are troubled, are taken away, are seldom born to thee, and born pass away. For these things come to pass, and thence followeth penury, need, labour, pain, and temptation. But thou, who hast sung, “I will bless the Lord at all times: His praise shall be ever in my mouth,” both when He giveth them, bless; and when He taketh them away, bless. For it is He that giveth, it is He that taketh away: but Himself from him that blesseth Him He taketh not away.
Judica, inquit, Domine, nocentes me, expugna impugnantes me. Si Deus pro nobis, quis contra nos ? Et unde hoc nobis praestat Deus? Apprehende, inquit, arma et scutum, et exsurge in adjutorium mihi. Magnum spectaculum est, videre Deum armatum pro te. Et quod ejus scutum? quae arma? Domine, inquit alio loco homo iste qui et hic loquitur, ut scuto bonae voluntatis tuae coronasti nos . Arma autem ejus, quibus non solum nos muniat, sed etiam percutiat inimicos, si bene profecerimus, et nos erimus. Sicut enim nos, ut armemur, ab illo habemus, sic ipse armatur de nobis. Sed ipse de his armatur quos fecit, nos de his armamur quae ab ipso accepimus qui nos fecit. Dicit haec quodam loco arma nostra Apostolus, scutum fidei, et galeam salutis, et gladium spiritus, quod est verbum Dei . Armavit nos talibus armis, qualibus audistis, laudabilibus et invictis, insuperabilibus et splendidis; spiritualibus sane atque invisibilibus, quia et hostes invisibiles expugnamus. Si vides hostem tuum, videantur arma tua. Armamur earum rerum fide quas non videmus, et sternimus hostes quos non videmus. Verumtamen, carissimi, arma ista ne putetis sic esse, ut quasi quod scutum est, semper scutum sit; aut quod galea est, semper galea sit; aut quod lorica est, semper lorica sit. In istis enim armis corporalibus ita est, quanquam et de ferro quae fiunt mutari possint, ut ex gladio fiat securis: tamen ipsum Apostolum videmus dixisse quodam loco, loricam fidei , et alio loco dixisse scutum fidei. Ergo ipsa fides, et lorica potest esse et scutum: scutum est, quia tela inimicorum excipit et repellit; lorica est, quia interiora tua transfigi non sinit. Haec arma nostra: Dei autem quae? Legimus quodam in loco: Erue ab impiis animam meam, frameam tuam ab inimicis manus tuae . Quod superius dixit, ab impiis; hoc sequenti versu, ab inimicis manus tuae; et quod superius dixit, animam meam; hoc sequenti versu, frameam tuam, id est, gladium tuum. Ergo frameam Dei dixit animam suam: Erue, inquit, ab impiis animam meam; id est, ab inimicis manus tuae erue frameam tuam. Apprehendis enim animam meam, et debellas inimicos meos. Et quid est anima nostra, quamvis splendida, quamvis producta, quamvis acuta, quamvis uncta, quamvis luce sapientiae et coruscatione vibrata? Quid est ipsa anima nostra, aut quid potest, nisi Deus illam teneat et pugnet de illa? Nam quaelibet optime facta framea, si non habeat bellatorem, jacet. Dixeramus autem in armis nostris, non quasi aliquid fixum accipi debere, ut quod est res una, ipsa aliud esse non possit: sic et in armis Dei invenimus. Ecce animam justi dixit frameam Dei: iterum dicit animam justi esse sedem Dei; anima justi sedes sapientiae . Ergo quidquid vult, facit de anima nostra. Cum in manu ejus est, utatur ea quemadmodum vult.
34.3 PL 36, 324
3. But who is it that blesseth the Lord at all times, except the humble in heart. For very humility taught our Lord in His Own Body and Blood: because when He commendeth His Own Body and Blood, He commendeth His Humility, in that which is written in this history, in that seeming madness of David, which we have passed by, “And his spittle ran down over his beard.” When the Apostle was read, Ye heard the same spittle, but running down over the beard. One saith perhaps, What spittle have we heard? Was it not read but now, where the Apostle saith, “The Jews require a sign, and the Greeks seek after wisdom?” But now it was read, “But we preach,” saith he, “Christ crucified” (for then He drummed), “unto the Jews a stumbling block, and unto the Greeks foolishness; but unto them which are called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the Power of God, and the Wisdom of God. Because the Foolishness of God is wiser than men, and the Weakness of God is stronger than men.” For spittle signifieth foolishness; spittle signifieth weakness. But if the Foolishness of God is wiser than men, and the Weakness of God is stronger than men; let not the spittle as it were offend thee, but observe that it runneth down over the beard: for as by the spittle, weakness; so by the beard, strength is signified. He covered then His Strength by the body of His Weakness, and that which without was weak, appeared as it were in spittle; but within His Divine Strength was covered as a beard. Therefore humility is commended unto us. Be humble if thou wouldest bless the Lord at all times, and that His praise should be ever in thy mouth.…
Exsurgat ergo (sic enim invocatus est), apprehendat arma, exsurgat in adjutorium nobis. Unde exsurgat, alio loco etiam dicitur illi ipsa voce: Exsurge, quare obdormis, Domine ? Et quando ille dicitur dormire, nos dormimus: et quando ille dicitur exsurgere, nos excitamur. Nam et Dominus dormiebat in navi; et ideo fluctuabat navis, quia dormiebat Jesus. Nam si illic vigilaret Jesus, non fluctuaret navis. Navis tua, cor tuum: Jesus in navi, fides in corde. Si meministi fidei tuae, non fluctuat cor tuum: si oblitus es fidem tuam, dormit Christus: observa naufragium. Verumtamen quod restat fac, ut si dormierit excitetur; dicas illi: Domine, exsurge, perimus: ut increpet ventos, et fiat tranquillitas in corde tuo . Recedent enim omnes tentationes, aut certe nihil valebunt, quando Christus, hoc est fides tua, vigilaverit in corde tuo. Exsurge ergo quid est? Innotesce, appare, sentire. Exsurge ergo in adjutorium mihi.
34.4 PL 36, 324
4. But wherefore doth man bless the Lord at all times? Because he is humble. What is it to be humble? To take not praise unto himself. Who would himself be praised, is proud: who is not proud, is humble. Wouldest thou not then be proud? That thou mayest be humble, say what is here written; “In the Lord shall my soul be praised: the humble shall hear thereof and be glad” (ver. 2). Those then who will not be praised in the Lord, are not humble, but fierce, rough, lifted up, proud. Gentle cattle would the Lord have; be thou the Lord’s jumentum; that is, be thou humble. He sitteth upon thee, He ruleth thee: fear not lest thou stumble, and fall headlong: that indeed is thy infirmity; but consider Who sitteth upon thee. Thou art an ass’s colt, but thou carriest Christ. For even He on an ass’s colt came into the city; and that beast was gentle.…“Be not ye as the horse or as the mule, which have no understanding.” For horse and mule sometimes lift up their neck, and by their own fierceness throw off their rider. They are tamed with the bit, with bridle, with stripes, until they learn to submit, and to carry their master. But thou, before thy jaws are bruised with the bridle, be humble, and carry thy Lord: wish not praise for thyself, but praised be He who sitteth upon thee, and say thou, “In the Lord shall my soul be praised; the humble shall hear thereof, and be glad.”…
[vers. 3.] Effunde frameam, et conclude adversus eos qui me persequuntur. Qui sunt qui te persequuntur? Forte vicinus tuus, aut ille quem laesisti, aut cui fecisti injuriam, aut qui vult auferre res tuas, aut contra quem praedicas veritatem, aut cujus peccatum objurgas, aut quem male viventem bene vivendo laedis. Sunt quidem et isti inimici nostri, et persequuntur nos: sed alios docemur inimicos nosse, contra quos invisibiliter dimicamus, de quibus nos admonet Apostolus dicens: Non est nobis colluctatio adversus carnem et sanguinem, id est adversus homines; non adversus eos quos videtis, sed adversus eos quos non videtis; adversus principes et potestates et rectores mundi tenebrarum harum . Cum diceret enim rectores mundi (dicebat quippe de diabolo et angelis ejus), cavendum erat ne male intelligerent homines, et putarent a diabolo et daemonibus ejus mundum regi. Sed quia mundus dicitur haec fabrica quam videmus, et in peccatoribus dicitur mundus, et in eis qui diligunt mundum, de quibus dictum est, Et mundus eum non cognovit ; et de quibus dictum est, Totus mundus in maligno positus est ; exposuit Apostolus cujus mundi essent rectores, tenebrarum, inquit, harum. Rectores mundi, dico, rectores tenebrarum harum. Rursus cogit nos intelligere quid dixerit, tenebrarum harum. Quarum tenebrarum rectores sunt diabolus et angeli ejus? Omnium infidelium, omnium iniquorum, de quibus dictum est: Lux lucet in tenebris, et tenebrae eam non comprehenderunt . Denique ex ipsorum numero credentibus multis, quid dicit idem apostolus? Fuistis enim aliquando tenebrae, nunc autem lux in Domino . Non vis regi a diabolo? Migra ad lucem. Et unde migrabis ad lucem, nisi effundat ille frameam, et eruat te ab inimicis tuis, et a persequentibus te? Quomodo effundit frameam? Abundent justi, et effunditur framea, et concluditur adversus inimicos. Nam de ipsa effusione frameae monens Apostolus ut juste vivamus, in consequenti ait: Ut adversarius revereatur, nihil habens de nobis dicere pravum . Conclusum est adversus eum, quia quod loquatur adversus sanctos, non potest invenire.
34.5 PL 36, 325
5. Now followeth, “O magnify the Lord with me” (ver. 3). Who is this that exhorteth us, that we should magnify the Lord with him? Whoever, Brethren, is in the body of Christ, ought for this to labour, that the Lord may be magnified with him. For he loveth the Lord, whoever he is. And how doth he love Him? So as not to envy his fellow-lover.…Let them blush who so love God as to envy others. Abandoned men love a charioteer, and whoever loveth a charioteer or hunter, wisheth the whole people to love with him, and exhorteth, saying, Love with me this pantomime, love with me this or that shame. He calleth among the people that shame may be loved with him; and doth not a Christian call in the Church, that the Truth of God may be loved with him? Stir up then love in yourselves, Brethren; and call to every one of yours, and say, “O magnify the Lord with me.” Let there be in you that fervour. Wherefore are these things recited and explained? If ye love God, bring quickly to the love of God all who are joined unto you, and all who are in your house; if the Body of Christ is loved by you, that is, if the unity of the Church, bring them quickly to enjoy, and say, “O magnify the Lord with me.”
Et unde erunt justi? Aut quid dicunt inimici qui nos persequuntur? invisibiles illi quid dicunt inimici? isti nihil? Maxime suggeritur humano cordi ab invisibiliter expugnantibus inimicis, quia Deus nobis non est adjutor: ut requirentes alia adjutoria, inveniamur invalidi, et ab inimicis ipsis capiamur. Hoc ergo suggeritur. Contra istas voces maxime vigilare debemus, quae in alio psalmo ostenduntur: Multi insurgunt adversum me, multi dicunt animae meae: Non est salus illi in Deo ejus . Contra istas voces quid hic dicitur? Dic animae meae, Salus tua ego sum. Cum dixeris animae meae, Salus tua ego sum, juste vivet, ut neminem in adjutorium praeter te quaeram.
34.6 PL 36, 325
6. “And let us exalt His Name together.” What is, “let us exalt His Name together”? That is, in one. For many copies so have it, “O magnify the Lord with me; and let us exalt His Name in one.” Whether it be said, “together,” or “in one,” it is the same thing. Therefore bring quickly whom ye can, by exhorting, by transporting, by beseeching, by disputing, by rendering a reason, with meekness, with gentleness. Bring them quickly unto love; that if they magnify the Lord, they may magnify Him in one.…
[vers. 4.] Et quid sequitur? Confundantur et revereantur requirentes animam meam: ad hoc enim illam requirunt, ut perdant. Nam utinam bene quaerant! In alio quippe psalmo hoc reprehendit in hominibus, quia non erat qui requireret animam ipsius: Periit fuga a me, et non est qui requirat animam meam . Quis est ille qui dicit: Non est qui requirat animam meam? Numquid forte ille est, de quo tanto ante praedictum est, Foderunt manus meas et pedes meos, dinumeraverunt omnia ossa mea; ipsi vero consideraverunt et conspexerunt me; diviserunt sibi vestimenta mea, et super vestem meam miserunt sortem ? Jam omnia ista ante oculos eorum fiebant, et nemo erat qui requireret animam ejus. Invocemus ergo, fratres, ut dicat animae nostrae: Salus tua ego sum; et aperiat aures ejus, ut audiat dicentem: Salus tua ego sum. Dicit enim, sed quidam obsurdescunt: unde audiunt potius persequentes inimicos in tribulatione constituti. Si aliquid deest, si in angusto est anima, in inopia temporalium, quaerit auxilium plerumque a daemonibus, arreptitios daemonum vult consulere, sortilegos quaerit: persecutores illam hostes invisibiles adierunt, intraverunt, expugnaverunt, captivaverunt, vicerunt dicendo: Non est salus illi in Deo ejus. Obsurduit contra vocem dicentem: Salus tua ego sum. Dic animae meae: Salus tua ego sum, ut confundantur et revereantur requirentes animam meam, cui dicis tu: Salus tua ego sum. Audiam dicentem mihi: Salus tua ego sum. Aliam salutem non requiram, praeter Dominum Deum meum. De creatura mihi salus suggeritur; ab ipso est: et si levo oculos meos in montes, unde veniat auxilium mihi; non tamen a montibus, sed auxilium meum a Domino qui fecit coelum et terram . In ipsis temporalibus angustiis per hominem subvenit Deus; salus tua ipse est. Per angelum subvenit Deus; salus tua ipse est. Omnia illi subjecta sunt, et ad istam quidem vitam temporalem subvenit, alii inde, alii inde: aeternam vitam non dat nisi de se. Ecce in angustiis constituto non subest quod quaeris, sed adest quem quaeris. Et illum quaere qui deesse nunquam potest. Subtrahantur quae dedit; numquid subtrahitur qui dedit? Reddantur quae dederat; numquid ipsae sunt divitiae cum reddita fuerint illa, et non ille qui subtraxerat probando, et reddidit consolando? Consolatur enim quando nobis ista non desunt. Consolatur tanquam in via, sed si nos intelligamus viam: quia tota ista vita, et omnia quibus uteris in hac vita, sic tibi debent esse tanquam stabulum viatori, non tanquam domus habitatori. Memento peregisse te aliquid, restare aliquid: divertisse te ad refectionem, non ad defectionem.
34.7 PL 36, 326
7. “I sought the Lord, and He heard me” (ver. 4). Where heard the Lord? Within. Where giveth He? Within. There thou prayest, there thou art heard, there thou art blessed. Thou hast prayed, thou art heard, thou art blessed; and he knoweth not who standeth by thee: it is all carried on in secret, as the Lord saith in the Gospel, “Enter into thy closet, and when thou hast shut thy door, pray to thy Father which is in secret; and thy Father which seeth in secret, shall reward thee openly.” When therefore thou enterest into thy chamber, thou enterest into thy heart. Blessed are they who rejoice when they enter into their heart, and find therein nought of evil.…
Sunt qui dicunt: Deus bonus, magnus, summus, invisibilis, aeternus, incorruptibilis, vitam aeternam nobis daturus est, et illam incorruptionem quam in resurrectione promisit; ista vero saecularia et temporalia ad daemones pertinent, et ad potestates illas harum tenebrarum. Dicendo haec, quando amore implicantur harum rerum, dimittunt Deum, quasi ad quem ista non pertineant; et quaerunt nefandis sacrificiis, ac nescio quibus remediis, aut nescio qua hominum illicita persuasione, providere sibi quod temporale est, veluti pecuniam, uxorem, filios, et si qua sunt quae humanam vitam aut consolantur transeuntem, aut impediunt ambulantem. Contra istam opinionem divina providentia vigilante, ut ostenderet Deus ad se pertinere ista omnia, et in sua esse potestate, non solum aeterna quae in futurum promisit, verum etiam temporalia quae in terra dat quibus voluerit, et quando voluerit opportune, sciens cui det, cui non det, tanquam medicus medicamenta, sciens melius morbum aegroti quam ipse aegrotus: ut ergo Deus hoc ostenderet, distribuit tempora Veteris et Novi Testamenti. In Veteri Testamento promissiones sunt rerum terrenarum; in Novo autem, regni coelorum. Pleraque praecepta Deum colendi et recte vivendi, ipsa sunt et ibi et hic: sed quia promissio ibi alia videtur, alia hic; jubentis imperium et obedientia servientis eadem est, sed merces quasi non est eadem. Etenim illis dictum est, ut accipiatis terram promissionis, ut in illa regnetis, ut inimicos vestros superetis, ut ab eis non subjugemini, ut omnia vobis abundent in hac terra, ut filios procreetis . Haec terrena promissa sunt, sed tamen figurata. Fac aliquos sic illa accipere quomodo promissa sunt: et vere multi sic acceperunt. Nam data est terra filiis Israel, datae sunt divitiae, dati sunt filii et sterilibus et aniculis rogantibus Deum, et de ipso solo praesumentibus, et alium sibi adjutorem nec ad ista quaerentibus. Vocem Domini in corde audierunt: Salus tua ego sum. Si ad aeterna, quare non ad temporalia? Ostendit hoc Deus in causa viri illius sancti Job: quia et ipse diabolus auferendi haec non habet potestatem, nisi cum acceperit a summa illa potestate. Invidere potuit sancto, nocere numquid potuit? Accusare potuit, damnare numquid potuit? Numquid valuit aliquid tollere, numquid vel unguem, numquid vel capillum laedere, nisi Deo diceret, Mitte manum tuam ? Quid est, Mitte manum tuam? Da potestatem. Accepit. Ille tentavit, ille tentatus est. Tentatus tamen vicit, tentator victus est. Deus enim qui diabolo permiserat ut illa tolleret, illum servum suum interius non deseruerat, et ad ipsum diabolum superandum animam servi sui frameam sibi fecerat. Quantum valet hoc? De homine dico. Victus in paradiso , victor in stercore. Ibi victus est a diabolo per mulierem, hic vicit diabolum et mulierem. Locuta es, inquit, tanquam una ex insipientibus mulieribus. Si bona percepimus de manu Domini, mala quare non sustineamus ? Quam bene audierat: Salus tua ego sum!
34.8 PL 36, 327
8. “I sought the Lord, and He heard me.” Who then are not heard, seek not the Lord. Attend, Holy Brethren; he said not, I sought gold from the Lord, and He heard me; I sought from the Lord long life, and He heard me; I sought from the Lord this or that, and He heard me. It is one thing to seek anything from the Lord, another to seek the Lord Himself. “I sought” (saith he) “the Lord, and He heard me.” But thou, when thou prayest, saying, Kill that my enemy, seekest not the Lord, but, as it were, makest thyself a judge over thy enemy, and makest thy God an executioner. How knowest thou that he is not better than thou, whose death thou seekest? In that very thing haply he is, that he seeketh not thine. Therefore seek not from the Lord anything without, but seek the Lord Himself, and He will hear thee, and while thou yet speakest, He will say, “Lo, here I am.”…
Confundantur et revereantur requirentes animam meam. Respice ad homines. Orate, inquit, pro inimicis vestris . Sed hic prophetia est. Et quae figura optandi dicuntur, animo prophetandi explicantur. Illud fiat et illud fiat, nihil est aliud quam hoc et hoc futurum est. Sic ergo audite prophetiam: Confundantur et revereantur requirentes animam meam. Quid est, confundantur et revereantur? Confundentur et reverebuntur. Factum est enim: multi salubriter confusi sunt, multi reveriti a persecutione Christi ad societatem membrorum ejus devota pietate transierunt: et non fieret hoc, nisi confunderentur et revererentur. Ergo bene illis optavit. Sed quia duo sunt genera eorum qui vincuntur: duobus enim modis vincuntur; aut ad hoc vincuntur ut convertantur ad Christum; aut ad hoc vincuntur ut damnentur a Christo: explicata sunt et hic duo ipsa genera, obscure quidem, sed intellectorem desiderant. De his qui convertuntur, accipe quod dictum est, Confundantur et revereantur requirentes animam meam. Avertantur retrorsum. Non praecedant, sed sequantur; non dent consilium, sed accipiant. Nam Petrus praecedere voluit Dominum, quando Dominus de passione sua futura diceret: consilium illi quasi salutis voluit dare, consilium salutis aeger salvatori. Et quid ait Domino de illa futura sua passione confirmanti? Absit a te, Domine, propitius tibi esto, non fiet istud. Praecedere volebat, ut Dominus sequeretur. Et ille quid? Redi retro, satanas . Praecedendo satanas es, sequendo discipulus eris. Hoc ergo et istis, Avertantur retrorsum, et confundantur, qui cogitant mihi mala. Cum enim coeperint retrorsum sequi, jam non cogitabunt mala, sed desiderabunt bona.
34.9 PL 36, 328
9. I have said who was the exhorter, namely, that lover who would not alone embrace what he loveth, and saith, “Approach unto Him, and be ye lightened” (ver. 5). For he saith what he himself proved. For some spiritual person in the Body of Christ, or even our Lord Jesus Christ Himself according to the flesh, the Head exhorting His Own Members, saith; what? “Approach unto Him, and be ye lightened.” Or rather some spiritual Christian inviteth us to approach to our Lord Jesus Christ Himself. But let us approach to Him and be lightened; not as the Jews approached to Him, that they might be darkened; for they approached to Him that they might crucify Him: let us approach to Him that we may receive His Body and Blood. They by Him crucified were darkened; we by eating and drinking The Crucified are lightened. “Approach unto Him, and be ye lightened.” Lo, this is said to the Gentiles. Christ was crucified amid the Jews raging and seeing; the Gentiles were absent; lo, they have approached who were in darkness, and they who saw not are lightened. Whereby approach the Gentiles? By following with faith, by longing with the heart, by running with charity. Thy feet are thy charity. Have two feet, be not lame. What are thy two feet? The two commandments of love, of thy God, and of thy Neighbour. With these feet run thou unto God, approach unto Him, for He hath both exhorted thee to run, and hath Himself shed His Own Light, as he hath magnificently and divinely continued. “And your faces shall not be ashamed.” “Approach” (saith he) “unto Him, and be ye lightened; and your faces shall not be ashamed.” No face shall be ashamed but of the proud. Wherefore? Because he would be lifted up, and when he hath suffered insult, or ignominy, or mischance in this world, or any affliction, he is ashamed. But fear not thou, approach unto Him, and thou shalt not be ashamed.…
[vers. 5, 6.] Quid alii? Non enim omnes sic vincuntur, ut convertantur et credant: multi in pertinacia remanent, multi spiritus praecedendi servant in corde; et si non exserunt, tamen parturiunt, et ubi locum invenerint, pariunt. De talibus quid sequitur? Fiant tanquam pulvis ante faciem venti. Non sic impii, non sic, sed tanquam pulvis quem projicit ventus a facie terrae . Ventus tentatio est, pulvis iniquus. Quando venerit tentatio, tollitur pulvis; nec stat, nec resistit. Fiant tanquam pulvis ante faciem venti: et angelus Domini tribulans eos. Fiat via eorum tenebrae et lubricum. Horrenda via. Tenebras solas quis non horreat? Lubricum solum quis non caveat? In tenebris et lubrico qua is? ubi pedem figis? Sunt ista duo mala magnae poenae hominum: tenebrae, ignorantia; lubricum, luxuria. Fiat via eorum tenebrae et lubricum: et angelus Domini persequens eos: ut non possint stare. Nam unusquisque in tenebris et lubrico cum viderit quia si pedem moverit, labitur, et lux illi ante pedes non est; vel hoc forte facit, ut exspectet donec luceat: sed ibi est angelus Domini persequens eos. Haec eis futura praedixit, non quasi ut evenirent optavit. Quanquam et Propheta in spiritu Dei sic ea dicat, quomodo illa Deus facit, certo judicio, bono, justo, sancto, tranquillo, non perturbatus ira, non amaro zelo, non animo inimicitiarum exercendarum, sed justitia vitiorum puniendorum; verumtamen prophetia est.
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10. As the Prophet testifieth, “The poor man cried, and the Lord heard him” (ver. 6). He teacheth thee how thou mayest be heard. Therefore art thou not heard, because thou art rich. Lest haply thou say, thou criedst and wast not heard, hear wherefore; “The poor man cried, and the Lord heard him.” As poor cry thou, and the Lord heareth. And how shall I cry as poor? By not, if thou hast aught, presuming therefrom upon thy own strength: by understanding that thou art needy; by understanding that so long art thou poor, as thou hast not Him who maketh thee rich. But how did the Lord hear him? “And saved him out of all his troubles.” And how saveth He men out of all their troubles? “The Angel of the Lord shall send round about them that fear Him, and shall deliver them” (ver. 7). So it is written, brethren, not as some bad copies have it, “The Lord shall send His Angel round about them that fear Him, and He shall deliver them:” but thus, “The Angel of the Lord shall send round about them that fear Him, and shall deliver them.” Whom called He here the Angel of the Lord, who shall send round about them that fear Him, and shall deliver them? Our Lord Jesus Christ Himself is called in Prophecy, the Angel of the great Counsel, the Messenger of the great Counsel; so the Prophets called Him. Even He then, the Angel of the great Counsel, that is, the Messenger, shall send unto them that fear the Lord, and shall deliver them. Fear not then lest thou be hid: wheresoever thou hast feared the Lord, there doth that Angel know thee, who shall send to succour thee, and shall deliver thee.
[vers. 7, 8.] Unde autem tanta mala ista? Quo merito? Audi, quo merito: Quoniam gratis absconderunt mihi muscipulae suae corruptionem. In ipso capite nostro attendite, hoc fecerunt Judaei, absconderunt muscipulae suae corruptionem. Cui absconderunt muscipulam? Qui videbat corda abscondentium. Sed tamen erat inter illos ignoranti similis quasi falleretur, cum illi in eo deciperentur, in quo cum falli arbitrabantur. Ideo enim ille tanquam fallebatur inter illos vivens, quia nos inter tales sic victuri eramus, ut sine dubio falleremur. Ille videbat traditorem suum, et elegit illum magis ad opus necessarium. Illius malo magnum bonum operatus est: et tamen inter duodecim electus est, ne ipse duodenarius tam exiguus numerus esset sine malo. Hoc ad exemplum nostrae patientiae, quoniam necesse erat ut inter malos viveremus; necesse erat ut malos, sive scientes, sive nescientes, toleraremus: exemplum patientiae praebuit ne deficias, cum coeperis inter malos vivere. Et quia illa schola Christi in duodecim non defecit, quanto magis nos firmi esse debemus, cum implentur in Ecclesia magna, quae de malorum permixtione praedicta sunt? Neque enim videbat ipsa schola redditum semini Abrahae quod erat promissum, et ipsam aream unde massa quae implebit horreum, processura est. Quare igitur non, cum trituratur, in ea digne palea toleratur, donec ultima ventilatione purgetur? Hoc enim futurum est malis quod audistis.
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11. Now will He speak openly of the same Sacrament, whereby He was carried in His Own Hands. “O taste and see that the Lord is good” (ver. 8). Doth not the Psalm now open itself, and show thee that seeming insanity and constant madness, the same insanity and sober inebriety of that David, who in a figure showed I know not what, when in the person of king Achis they said to him, How is it? When the Lord said, “Except a man eat My Flesh and drink My Blood, he shall have no life in him”? And they in whom reigned Achis, that is, error and ignorance, said; what said they? “How can this man give us his flesh to eat?” If thou art ignorant, “Taste and see that the Lord is good:” but if thou understandest not, thou art king Achis: David shall change His Countenance and shall depart from thee, and shall quit thee, and shall depart.
Sed tamen quid faciendum est? Gratis absconderunt mihi corruptionem muscipulae suae. Quid est, gratis? Quibus nihil mali feci, quibus nihil nocui. Vane exprobraverunt animam meam. Quid est, vane? Falsa dicentes, nihil probantes. Veniat illis muscipula, quam ignorant. Magnifica retributio, nihil justius. Illi absconderunt muscipulam, ut ego ignorarem: illis veniat muscipula, quam ignorant. Nam ego scio muscipulam ipsorum. Quae autem muscipula illis ventura est? Illa quam ignorant. Audiamus ne forte dicat illam: Veniat illis muscipula, quam ignorant. Forte aliam illi absconderunt, alia illis ventura est? Non: sed quid? Criniculis peccatorum suorum unusquisque constringitur . Inde decipiuntur, unde decipere voluerunt. Inde illis nocebitur, unde nocere conati sunt. Sequitur enim: Et captio quam occultaverunt, comprehendat illos. Tanquam si quisquam veneni calicem praeparet alicui, et oblitus ebibat: et tanquam si foveam fodiat quisquam, in quam quisque inimicus ejus in tenebris incidat; et ille oblitus quod foderat, ambulans ea via prior illuc cadat. Prorsus, fratres mei, ita credite, ita certi estote: ita si est in vobis excellentior prudentiae ratio, videte atque perspicite: Nemo malus non sibi prius nocet. Sic enim esse putate malitiam, quomodo ignem. Incendere vis aliquid: illud quod admoves, prius ardet, nisi ardeat, non incendit. Facula est, hanc faculam apponis ut aliquid incendat: numquid non ipsa facula quam apponis, prior ardet, ut aliquid possit incendere? Malitia ergo procedit ex te, et quem prius vastat nisi te? Quo profunditur ramum laedit, ubi radicem habet non laedit? Et quidem dico, quod malitia tua ut alteri non noceat fieri potest: ut autem tibi non noceat, fieri non potest. Nam quid nocitum est sancto viro Job, de quo praelocuti sumus? Quomodo in alio psalmo dicitur, Sicut novacula acuta fecisti dolum . Quid fit de acuta novacula? Capilli, res superfluae deciduntur. Quid ergo facis ei quem vis nocere? Si nequam tibi ad malum consentiat cui vis nocere, non malitia tua ei nocitura est, sed sua: si autem intus ipse malitia careat, et cor mundum subdat illi voci dicenti, Salus tua ego sum, forinsecus oppugnas, interiorem hominem non expugnas: malitia tamen tua ab interiore tuo procedit, te prius inanem reddit. Tu putris es intus, unde iste vermis processit; intus nihil integrum dereliquit. Et captio quam occultaverunt, comprehendat eos: et in muscipula incidant in ipsa. Non quod putabas forte paulo ante cum audires, Veniat illis muscipula, quam ignorant, id est, quasi aliquid aliud ex occulto inevitabile. In qua ergo? In ipsa iniquitate, quam mihi absconderunt. Nonne hoc factum est Judaeis? Dominus eorum iniquitatem vicit, illi iniquitate sua victi sunt. Ille surrexit pro nobis, illi mortui sunt in se.
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12. “Blessed is the man that trusteth in Him.” Why needeth this to be explained at length? Whoever trusteth not in the Lord, is miserable. Who is there that trusteth not in the Lord? He that trusteth in himself.…
[vers. 9.] Haec ergo malis nocere mihi volentibus: mihi quid? Anima autem mea exsultabit in Domino: tanquam in eo a quo audierit, Salus tua ego sum: tanquam non quaerens alias extrinsecus divitias, tanquam non quaerens circumfluere voluptatibus bonisque terrenis; sed conjugem verum gratis amans, non ab illo volens accipere quod delectet, sed ipsum solum sibi proponens a quo delectetur. Quid enim melius Deo dabitur mihi? Amat me Deus: amat te Deus. Ecce proposuit, pete quod vis . Si tibi Imperator diceret, Pete quod vis, quos tribunatus comitivasque ructares! Quanta tibi proponeres et accipienda et aliis largienda! Deo tibi dicente, Pete quod vis, quid petiturus es? Excute mentem tuam, exsere avaritiam tuam, protende quantum potes, et dilata cupiditatem tuam: non quicumque, sed omnipotens Deus dixit, Pete quod vis. Si possessionum es amator, desideraturus es totam terram, ut omnes qui nascuntur, coloni tui aut servi tui sint. Et quid cum totam terram possederis? Mare petiturus es, in quo vivere tamen non poteris. In hac avaritia te pisces superabunt. Sed forte insulas possidebis. Transcende et haec, pete et aerem quamvis volare non possis: porrige cupiditatem tuam usque ad coelum, dic tuum esse solem, lunam, stellas, quia ille qui fecit omnia dixit, Pete quod vis: tamen nihil invenies carius, nihil invenies melius, quam ipsum qui fecit omnia. Ipsum pete qui fecit, et in illo et ab illo habebis omnia quae fecit. Omnia cara sunt, quia omnia pulchra sunt: sed quid illo pulchrius? Fortia sunt: sed quid illo fortius? Et nihil magis vult dare quam se. Si aliquid inveneris melius, pete. Si aliud petieris, injuriam facies illi, et damnum tibi, praeponendo illi quod fecit, cum velit seipsum tibi dare qui fecit. In hoc amore dixit illi anima quaedam: Numquid ipse es pars mea, Domine ? id est, tu es pars mea. Eligant sibi qui volunt quid possideant, faciant sibi partes de rebus: Pars mea tu es, te mihi elegi. Et iterum: Dominus pars haereditatis meae. Possideat te, ut possideas illum: eris praedium ipsius, eris domus ipsius. Possidet ut prosit, possidetur ut prosit. Numquid ut aliquid ei tu prosis? Nam dixi Domino: Deus meus es tu, quoniam bonorum meorum non eges . Anima autem mea exsultabit in Domino. Delectabitur super salutare ejus. Salutare Dei Christus est. Quoniam viderunt oculi mei salutare tuum .
34.13 PL 36, 331
13. “O fear the Lord, all ye His saints, for there is no want to them that fear Him” (ver. 9). For many therefore will not fear God the Lord, lest they suffer hunger. It is said to them, Defraud not; and they say, Whence can I feed myself? No art can be without imposture; no business can be without fraud. But fraud God punisheth: fear God. But if I should fear God, I shall not have whence to live. “O fear the Lord, all ye His saints, for there is no want to them that fear Him.” He promiseth plenty to him that trembleth, and doubteth, lest haply if he should fear God, he should lose things superfluous. The Lord fed thee despising Him, and will He desert thee fearing Him? Attend, and say not, Such an one is rich, and I am poor. I fear the Lord, he by not fearing how much has he gained, and I by fearing am bare! See what follows; “The rich do lack and suffer hunger, but they that seek the Lord shall not want any good thing” (ver. 10). If thou receive it according to the letter, He seemeth to deceive thee, for thou seest that many rich men that are wicked die in their riches, and are not made poor while they live; thou seest them grow old, and come even to the end of life amid great abundance and riches. Thou seest their funeral pomp celebrated with great profusion, the man himself brought rich even to the sepulchre, having expired in beds of ivory, his family weeping around; and thou sayest in thy mind, if haply thou knowest some both sins and crimes done by him: I know what things that man hath done; lo, he hath grown old, he hath died in his bed, his friends follow him to the grave, his funeral is celebrated with all this pomp; I know what he hath done; the Scripture has deceived me, and has spoken falsely, where I hear and sing; “The rich do lack and suffer hunger.” When was this man in need? when did he suffer hunger? “But they that seek the Lord shall not want any good thing.” Daily I rise up to Church, daily I bend the knee, daily I seek the Lord, and have nothing good: this man sought not the Lord, and he hath died in the midst of all these good things! Thus thinking, the snare of offence choketh him; for he seeketh mortal food on the earth, and seeketh not a true reward in heaven, and so he putteth his head into the devil’s noose, his jaws are tied close, and the devil holdeth him fast unto evil doing, that so he may imitate the evil men, whom he seeth to die in such plenty.
[vers. 10.] Omnia ossa mea dicent: Domine, quis similis tibi? Quis digne de his verbis aliquid dicat? Ego puto tantum pronuntianda esse, non exponenda. Quid quaeris illud aut illud? Quid simile Domino tuo? Ipsum habes ante te. Omnia ossa mea dicent: Domine, quis similis tibi? Narraverunt mihi injusti delectationes, sed non sicut lex tua, Domine . Fuerunt persecutores qui dicerent: Adora Saturnum, adora Mercurium. Non colo, inquit, idola. Domine, quis similis tibi? Illi oculos habent, et non vident; aures habent, et non audiunt . Domine, quis similis tibi, qui fecisti oculum ad videndum, aurem ad audiendum? Sed non colo, inquit, idola, quia faber fecit. Cole arborem et montem: et hoc numquid faber fecit? Et hic: Domine, quis similis tibi? Terrena mihi ostenduntur, tu terrae creator es. Et hinc forte advertunt ad superiorem creaturam, et dicunt mihi: Cole lunam, cole istum solem, qui luce sua, tanquam magna lucerna, de coelo efficit diem. Et hic plane dico: Domine, quis similis tibi? Lunam et stellas tu fecisti, solem dici tu accendisti, coelum tu composuisti. Sunt multa invisibilia meliora. Sed forte et hic dicitur mihi: Angelos cole, Angelos adora. Et hic dicam: Domine, quis similis tibi? Et ipsos Angelos tu creasti. Nihil sunt Angeli, nisi videndo te. Melius est cum ipsis possidere te, quam ipsos adorando cadere a te.
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14. Therefore understand it not so.…When thou art filled with spiritual riches, canst thou be poor? And was he therefore rich, because he had a bed of ivory; and art thou poor who hast the chamber of thy heart filled with such jewelry of virtues, justice, truth, charity, faith, endurance? Unfold thy riches, if thou hast them, and compare them with the riches of the rich. But such an one has found in the market mules of great value, and has bought them. If thou couldest find faith to be sold, how much wouldest thou give for that, which God willeth that thou shouldest have gratis, and thou art ungrateful? Those rich then lack, they lack, and what is heavier, they lack bread.…For He hath said, “I am the Living Bread which came down from Heaven.” And again, “Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness: for they shall be filled.” “But they that seek the Lord shall not want any good thing:” but what manner of good, I have already said.
Omnia ossa mea dicent: Domine, quis similis tibi? O corpus Christi sancta Ecclesia, omnia ossa tua dicant: Domine, quis similis tibi? Et si carnes persecutioni cesserunt, ossa dicant: Domine, quis similis tibi? De justis enim dictum est: Diligit Dominus omnia ossa eorum, unum ex illis non confringetur (Psal. XXXIII, 21). Quam multis justis in persecutione ossa confracta sunt? Postremo, justus ex fide vivit , et Christus justificat impium . Quomodo autem justificat, nisi credentem et confitentem? Quia corde creditur ad justitiam, ore autem confessio fit ad salutem . Ergo et ille latro, quamvis ex latrocinio ductus ad judicem, et a judice in crucem, tamen in ipsa cruce justificatus est: corde credidit, ore confessus est. Neque enim injusto et non jam justificato diceret Dominus: Hodie mecum eris in paradiso : et tamen ossa ejus confracta sunt. Nam quando ventum est ut corpora deponerentur causa imminentis sabbati, inventus est Dominus jam exanimis, et non sunt ossa ejus comminuta . Illi autem qui vivebant, ut deponerentur, confracta eis sunt crura, ut hoc dolore mortui possent sepeliri. Numquid unius latronis qui perseveravit impius in cruce, confracta sunt ossa, et non etiam illius qui corde credidit ad justitiam, ore confessus est ad salutem? Ubi est ergo hoc quod dictum est, Custodit Dominus omnia ossa eorum, unum ex his non conteretur ; nisi quia ossa dicuntur in corpore Domini omnes justi, firmi corde, fortes, nullis persecutionibus et tentationibus cedentes ad consentiendum malo? Et unde possent nullis tentationibus cedere, nisi cum persecutores dixerint, Ecce ille deus, ecce qualis ille deus: veniat ille, liget tibi: ecce est hic nescio quis in monte magnus sacerdos: forte ideo pauper es, quia non te adjuvat ille deus; supplica illi, et adjuvat: forte ideo aegrotas, quia illi non supplicas; supplica illi, et convalesces: forte ideo filios non habes; supplica illi, et habebis. Hic vero si in corpore Domini de ossibus est, repellit omnes istas voces, et dicit: Domine, quis similis tibi? Da, si vis dare, et in hac vita, quod quaero: si autem non vis, tu esto vita mea, quem semper quaero. Hinc ad te libera fronte exeam, si alium adoravero, et te offendero? Cras forte moriturus sum, qua fronte te videbo? Magna misericordia ipsius, et monuit ut bene vivamus, et diem nobis novissimum mortis nostrae abscondit, ne nobis de futuro aliquid promittamus. Facio hodie, et vivo: cras non facio. Quid si te non invenit eras? Dic ergo inter ossa Christi: Domine, quis similis tibi? Omnia ossa mea dicent: Domine, quis similis tibi?
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15. “Come, ye children, hearken unto me: I will teach you the fear of the Lord” (ver. 11). Ye think, brethren, that I say this: think that David saith it; think that an Apostle saith it; nay think that our Lord Jesus Christ Himself saith it; “Come, ye children, hearken unto Me.” Let us hearken unto Him together: hearken ye unto Him through us. For He would teach us; He the Humble, He that drummeth, He that affecteth, would teach us.…
Eruens inopem de manu fortiorum ejus, egenum et pauperem a diripientibus eum. Huc usque Psalmus lectus est hodie, huc usque tractandus est; ne in fastidium veniant quae dicta sunt, dum volumus et alia dicere. Sufficiant ergo hodie haec: Eruens inopem de manu fortiorum ejus. Quis eruens, nisi qui manu fortis est? Ille David cruet inopem de manu fortiorum ejus. Fortior enim fuerat diabolus ad tenendum te, quia ipse vicit cui consensisti. Sed quid fecit manu fortis? Nemo intrat in domum fortis ut vasa ejus diripiat, nisi prius alligaverit fortem . Potestate sua sacratissima, magnificentissima, alligavit diabolum, effundendo frameam ad concludendum eum, ut eruat inopem et egenum, cui non erat adjutor . Quis enim adjutor tibi, nisi Dominus cui dicis: Domine, adjutor meus et redemptor meus ? Si de tuis viribus praesumere volueris, inde cades unde praesumpseris: si de alterius, dominari vult, non subvenire. Ille ergo unus quaerendus est, qui et redemit, et liberos fecit, et sanguinem suum ut eos emeret dedit, et servos suos fratres fecit.
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16. “What man is he that desireth life, and loveth to see good days?” (ver. 12). He asketh a question. Doth not every one among you answer, I? Is there any man among you that loveth not life, that is, that desireth not life, and loveth not to see good days? Do ye not daily thus murmur, and thus speak; How long shall we suffer these things? Daily are they worse and worse: in our fathers’ time were days more joyful, were days better. O if thou couldest ask those same, thy fathers, in like manner would they murmur to thee of their own days. Our fathers were happy, miserable are we, evil days have we: such an one ruled over us, we thought that after his death might some refreshing be given to us; worse things have come: O God, show unto us good days! “What man is he that desireth life, and loveth to see good days?” Let him not seek here good days. A good thing he seeketh, but not in its right place doth he seek it. As, if thou shouldest seek some righteous man in a country, wherein he lived not, it would be said to thee, A good man thou seekest, a great man thou seekest, seek him still, but not here; in vain thou seekest him here, thou wilt never find him. Good days thou seekest, together let us seek them, seek not here.…Read the Scriptures.…
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17. Let not a Christian then murmur, let him see whose steps he followeth: but if he loveth good days, let him hearken unto Him teaching and saying, “Come, ye children, hearken unto Me; I will teach you the fear of the Lord.” What wouldest thou? Life and good days. Hear, and do. “Keep thy tongue from evil” (ver. 13). This do. I will not, saith a miserable man, I will not keep my tongue from evil, and yet I desire life and good days. If a workman of thine should say to thee, I indeed lay waste this vineyard, yet I require of thee my reward; thou broughtest me to the vineyard to lop and prune it, I cut away all the useful wood, I will cut short also the very trunks of the vines, that thou have thereon nothing to gather, and when I have done this, thou shalt repay to me my labour. Wouldest thou not call him mad? Wouldest thou not drive him from thy house or ever he put his hand to the knife? Such are those men who would both do evil, and swear falsely, and speak blasphemy against God, and murmur, and defraud, and be drunken, and dispute, and commit adultery, and use charms, and consult diviners, and withal see good days. To such it is said, thou canst not doing ill seek a good reward. If thou art unjust, shall God also be unjust? What shall I do, then? What desirest thou? Life I desire, good days I desire. “Keep thy tongue from evil, and thy lips that they speak no guile,” that is, defraud not any, lie not to any.
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18. But what is, “Depart from evil”? (ver. 14). It is little that thou injure none, murder none, steal not, commit not adultery, do no wrong, speak no false witness; “Depart from evil.” When thou hast departed, thou sayest, Now I am safe, I have done all, I shall have life, I shall see good days. Not only saith he, “Depart from evil,” but also, “and do good.” It is nothing that thou spoil not: clothe the naked. If thou hast not spoiled, thou hast declined from evil; but thou wilt not do good, except thou receive the stranger into thine house. So then depart from evil, as to do good. “Seek peace, and ensue it.” He hath not said, Thou shalt have peace here; seek it, and ensue it. Whither shall I ensue it? Whither it hath gone before. For the Lord is our peace, hath risen again, and hath ascended into Heaven. “Seek peace, and ensue it;” because when thou also hast risen, this mortal shall be changed, and thou shalt embrace peace there where no man shall trouble thee. For there is perfect peace, where thou wilt not hunger.…
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19. “The Eyes of the Lord are upon the righteous:” fear not then; labour; the eyes of the Lord are upon thee. “And His Ears are open unto their prayers” (ver. 15). What wouldest thou more? If an householder in a great house should not hearken to a servant murmuring, he would complain, and say, What hardship do we here suffer, and none heareth us. Canst thou say this of God, What hardships I suffer, and none heareth me? If He heard me, haply, sayest thou, He would take away my tribulation: I cry unto Him, and yet have tribulation. Only do thou hold fast His ways, and when thou art in tribulation, He heareth thee. But He is a Physician, and still hast thou something of putrefaction; thou criest out, but still He cutteth, and taketh not away His Hand, until He hath cut as much as pleaseth Him. For that Physician is cruel who heareth a man, and spareth his wound and putrefaction. How do mothers rub their children in the baths for their health. Do not the little ones cry out in their hands? Are they then cruel because they spare not, nor hearken unto their tears? Are they not full of affection? And yet the children cry out, and are not spared. So our God also is full of charity, but therefore seemeth He not to hear, that He may spare and heal us for everlasting.
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20. Haply say the wicked, I securely do evil, because the Eyes of the Lord are not upon me: God attendeth to the righteous, me He seeth not, and whatever I do, I do securely. Immediately added the Holy Spirit, seeing the thoughts of men, and said, “But the Face of the Lord is against them that do evil; to cut off the remembrance of them from the earth” (ver. 16).
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21. “The righteous cried, and the Lord heard them, and delivered them out of all their troubles” (ver. 17). Righteous were the Three Children; out of the furnace cried they unto the Lord, and in His praises their flames cooled. The flame could not approach nor hurt the innocent and righteous Children praising God, and He delivered them out of the fire. Some one saith, Lo, truly righteous were those who were heard, as it is written, “The righteous cried, and the Lord heard them, and delivered them out of all their troubles:” but I have cried, and He delivereth me not; either I am not righteous, or I do not the things which He commandeth me, or haply He seeth me not. Fear not: only do what He commandeth; and if He deliver thee not bodily, He will deliver thee spiritually. For He who took out of the fire the Three Children, did He take out of the fire the Maccabees? Did not the first sing hymns in the flames, these last in the flames expire? The God of the Three Children, was not He the God also of the Maccabees? The one He delivered, the other He delivered not. Nay, He delivered both: but the Three Children He so delivered, that even the carnal were confounded; but the Maccabees therefore He delivered not so, that those who persecuted them should go into greater torments, while they thought that they had overcome God’s Martyrs. He delivered Peter, when the Angel came unto him being in prison, and said, “Arise, and go forth,” and suddenly his chains were loosed, and he followed the Angel, and He delivered him. Had Peter lost righteousness when He delivered him not from the cross? Did He not deliver him then? Even then He delivered him. Did his long life make him unrighteous? Haply He heard him more at last than at first, when truly He delivered him out of all his troubles. For when He first delivered him, how many things did he suffer afterwards! For thither He sent him at last, where he could have suffered no evil.
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22. “The Lord is nigh unto them that have broken their heart; and saveth such as be lowly in spirit” (ver. 18). God is High: let a Christian be lowly. If he would that the Most High God draw nigh unto him, let him be lowly. A great mystery, Brethren. God is above all: thou raisest thyself, and touchest not Him: thou humblest thyself, and He descendeth unto thee. “Many are the troubles of the righteous” (ver. 19): doth He say, “Therefore let Christians be righteous, therefore let them hear My Word, that they may suffer no tribulation? He promiseth not this; but saith, “Many are the troubles of the righteous.” Rather, if they be unrighteous they have fewer troubles, if righteous they have many. But after few tribulations, or none, these shall come to tribulation everlasting, whence they shall never be delivered: but the righteous after many tribulations shall come to peace everlasting, where they shall never suffer any evil. “Many are the tribulations of the righteous: but the Lord delivereth him out of all.”
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23. “The Lord keepeth all their bones: not one of them shall be broken” (ver. 20): this also, Brethren, let us not receive carnally. Bones are the firm supports of the faithful. For as in flesh our bones give firmness, so in the heart of a Christian it is faith that gives firmness. The patience then which is in faith, is as the bones of the inner man: this is that which cannot be broken. “The Lord keepeth all their bones: not one of them shall be broken.” If of our Lord God Jesus Christ he had said this, “The Lord keepeth all the bones of His Son; not one of them shall be broken;” as is prefigured of Him also in another place, when the lamb was spoken of that should be slain, and it was said of it, “Neither shall ye break a bone thereof:” then was it fulfilled in the Lord, because when He hung upon the Cross, He expired before they came to the Cross, and found His Body lifeless already, and would not break His legs, that it might be fulfilled which was written. But He gave this promise to other Christians also, “The Lord keepeth all their bones; not one of them shall be broken.” Therefore, Brethren, if we see any Saint suffer tribulation, and haply either by a Physician so cut, or by some persecutor so mangled, that his bones be broken; let us not say, This man was not righteous, for this hath the Lord promised to His righteous, of whom He said, “The Lord keepeth all their bones; not one of them shall be broken.” Wouldest thou see that He spoke of other bones, those which we called the firm supports of faith, that is, patience and endurance in all tribulations? For these are the bones which are not broken. Hear, and see ye in the very Passion of our Lord, what I say. The Lord was in the middle Crucified; near Him were two thieves: the one mocked, the other believed: the one was condemned, the other justified: the one had his punishment both in this world, and that which shall be, but unto the other said the Lord, “Verily I say unto thee, To-day shalt thou be with Me in Paradise;” and yet those who came brake not the bones of the Lord, but of the thieves they brake: as much were broken the bones of the thief who blasphemed, as of the thief who believed. Where then is that which is spoken, “The Lord keepeth all their bones; not one of them shall be broken”? Lo, unto whom He said, “To-day shalt thou be with Me in Paradise,” could He keep all his bones? The Lord answereth thee: Yea, I kept them: for the firm support of his faith could not be broken by those blows whereby his legs were broken.
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24. “The death of sinners is the worst” (ver. 21). Attend, Brethren, for the sake of those things which I said. Truly Great is the Lord, and His Mercy, truly Great is He who gave to us to eat His Body, wherein He suffered such great things, and His Blood to drink. How regardeth He them that think evil and say, “Such an one died ill, by beasts was he devoured: he was not a righteous man, therefore he perished ill; for else would he not have perished.” Is he then righteous who dieth in his own house and in his own bed? This then (sayest thou) it is whereat I wonder; because I know the sins and the crimes of this same man, and yet he died well; in his own house, within his own doors, with no injury of travel, with none even in mature age. Hearken, “The death of sinners is worst.” What seemeth to thee a good death, is worst if thou couldest see within. Thou seest him outwardly lying on his bed, dost thou see him inwardly carried to hell? Hearken, Brethren, and learn from the Gospel what is the “worst death” of sinners. Were there not two in that age, a rich man who was clothed in purple and fine linen, and fared sumptuously every day; another a poor man who lay at his door full of sores, and the dogs came and licked his sores, and he desired to be fed with the crumbs which fell from the rich man’s table? Now it came to pass that the poor man died (righteous was that poor man), and was carried by Angels into Abraham’s bosom. He who saw his body lying at the rich man’s door, and no man to bury it, what haply said he? So die he who is my enemy; and whoever persecutes me, so may I see him. His body is accursed with spitting, his wounds stink; and yet in Abraham’s bosom he resteth. If we are Christians, let us believe: if we believe not, Brethren, let none feign himself a Christian. Faith bringeth us to the end. As the Lord spake these things, so are they. Doth indeed an astrologer speak unto thee, and it is true, and doth Christ speak, and it is false? But by what sort of death died the rich man? What sort of death must it not be in purple and fine linen, how sumptuous, how pompous! What funeral ceremonies were there! In what spices was that body buried! And yet when he was in hell, being in torments, from the finger of that despised poor man he desired one drop of water to be poured upon his burning tongue, and obtained it not. Learn then what meaneth, “The death of sinners is worst;” and ask not beds covered with costly garments, and to have the flesh wrapped in many rich things, friends exhibiting a show of lamentation, a household beating their breasts, a crowd of attendants going before and following when the body is carried out, marble and gilded memorials. For if ye ask those things, they answer you what is false, that of many not light sinners, but altogether wicked, the death is best, who have deserved to be so lamented, so embalmed, so covered, so carried out, so entombed. But ask the Gospel, and it will show to your faith the soul of the rich man burning in torments, which was nothing profited by all those honours and obsequies, which to his dead body the vanity of the living did afford.
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25. But because there are many kinds of sinners, and not to be a sinner is difficult, or perhaps in this life impossible, he added immediately, of what kind of sinners the death is worst. “And they that hate the righteous one” (saith he) “shall perish.” What righteous one, but “Him that justifieth the ungodly”? Whom, but our Lord Jesus Christ, who is also “the propitiation for our sins”? Who then hate Him, have the worst death; because they die in their sins, who are not through Him reconciled to our God. “For the Lord redeemeth the souls of His servants.” But according to the soul is death to be understood either the worst or best, not according to bodily either dishonour, or honours which men see. “And none of them which trust in Him shall perish” (ver. 22); this is the manner of human righteousness, that mortal life, however advanced, because without sin it cannot be, in this perisheth not, while it trusteth in Him, in whom is remission of sins. Amen.