The Israelites are beaten in batle by the Philisthijms. 3. VVho for their better protection and comfort, fetch the Arke of God into the campe: 10. but are beaten againe, the Arke taken, and with manie others the two sonnes of Heli are slaine. 13. Al which Heli vnderstanding falleth from his seate, and breaketh his neck: 19. also his daughter in law presently traueling of childe is deliuered of a sonne.
1And it came to pass in those days, that the Philistines gathered themselves together to fight: and Israel went out to war against the Philistines, and camped by the Stone of help. And the Philistines came to Aphec,Or avvenne in quel tempo che si raunarono i Filistei per far guerra: e Israele uscì in campo per andar incontro a' Filistei, e combattergli, e pose gli alloggiamenti vicino alla Pietra del soccorso. E i Filistei giunsero ad Aphec,AND it came to passe in those daies, the Philisthijms assembled together to fight: and Israel went forth to meete the Philisthims into battle, & camped beside the Stone of helpe. Moreouer the Philisthijms came into Aphec,Et factum est in diebus illis, convenerunt Philisthiim in pugnam: et egressus est Israël obviam Philisthiim in prælium, et castrametatus est juxta lapidem Adjutorii. Porro Philisthiim venerunt in Aphec, 2And put their army in array against Israel. And when they had joined battle, Israel turned their backs to the Philistines: and there were slain in that fight, here and there in the fields, about four thousand men.E ordinaron l'esercito in faccia ad Israele. E venuti che furono a battaglia, Israele voltò le spalle a' Filistei, e furono trucidati in conflitto qua e là per i campi circa quattro mila uomini.and put their armie in aray against Israel. And after they had ioyned battle, Israel turned their backes to the Philisthims: and there were slaine in the fight here and there through the fieldes, as it were foure thousand men.et instruxerunt aciem contra Israël. Inito autem certamine, terga vertit Israël Philisthæis: et cæsa sunt in illo certamine passim per agros, quasi quatuor millia virorum. 3And the people returned to the camp: and the ancients of Israel said: Why hath the Lord defeated us to day before the Philistines? Let us fetch unto us the ark of the covenant of the Lord from Silo, and let it come in the midst of us, that it may save us from the hand of our enemies.E tornato il popolo negli alloggiamenti, dissero i seniori d'Israele: Per qual motivo il Signore ci ha egli oggi malmenati in faccia ai Filistei? Meniamo tra noi da Silo l'arca del testamento del Signore, ed ella venga in mezzo a noi, affinchè ci salvi dalle mani de' nostri nemici.And the people returned to the campe: and the ancientes of Israel said: Why hath our Lord stricken vs to day before the Philisthijms? Let vs fetch vnto vs the arke of the couenant of our Lord from Silo, and let it come into the middes of vs, that it may saue vs from the hand of our enemies.Et reversus est populus ad castra: dixeruntque majores natu de Israël: Quare percussit nos Dominus hodie coram Philisthiim ? afferamus ad nos de Silo arcam fœderis Domini, et veniat in medium nostri, ut salvet nos de manu inimicorum nostrorum. 4So the people sent to Silo, and they brought from thence the ark of the covenant of the Lord of hosts, sitting upon the cherubims: and the two sons of Heli, Ophni and Phinees, were with the ark of the covenant of God.Il popolo adunque spedì gente a Silo, e di là portarono l'arca del testamento del Signore degli eserciti, il quale siede sopra i Cherubini: e i due figliuoli di Heli, Ophni, e Phinees, seguivano l'arca del testamento di Dio.The people therefore sent into Silo, and they tooke from thence the arke of the couenant of the Lord of hostes sitting vpon the Cherubims: and the two sonnes of Heli were with the arke of the couenant of God, Ophni and Phinees.Misit ergo populus in Silo, et tulerunt inde arcam fœderis Domini exercituum sedentis super cherubim: erantque duo filii Heli cum arca fœderis Dei, Ophni et Phinees.
5And when the ark of the covenant of the Lord was come into the camp, all Israel shouted with a great shout, and the earth rang again.E allorché arrivò l'arca del testamento del Signore negli alloggiamenti, sclamò tutto Israele con alte grida, e ne rimbombò la terra.And when the arke of the couenant of our Lord was come into the campe, al Israel made a shoute with a great crie, and the earth sounded.Cumque venisset arca fœderis Domini in castra, vociferatus est omnis Israël clamore grandi, et personuit terra. 6And the Philistines heard the noise of the shout, and they said: What is this noise of a great shout in the camp of the Hebrews? And they understood that the ark of the Lord was come into the camp.E i Filistei udirono le alte grida, e dissero: Qual rumore, e schiamazzo grande è quel che si sente nel campo degli Ebrei? E intesero, com'era arrivata l'arca del Signore negli alloggiamenti.And the Philisthims heard the voice of the crie, and said: What is this voice of a great crie in the campe of the Hebrewes? And they knewe that the arke of our Lord was come into the campe.Et audierunt Philisthiim vocem clamoris, dixeruntque: Quænam est hæc vox clamoris magni in castris Hebræorum ? Et cognoverunt quod arca Domini venisset in castra. 7And the Philistines were afraid, saying: God is come into the camp. And sighing, they said:E i Filistei s'impaurirono, e dicevano: È venuto Dio ne' loro alloggiamenti. E sospiravano, dicendo:And the Philisthijms were afrayd, saing: God is come into the campe. And they mourned, saing:Timueruntque Philisthiim, dicentes: Venit Deus in castra. Et ingemuerunt, dicentes: 8Woe to us: for there was no such great joy yesterday, and the day before: Woe to us. Who shall deliver us from the hand of these high Gods? these are the Gods that struck Egypt with all the plagues in the desert.Guai a noi: perocché coloro non erano tanto allegri ieri, nè ieri l'altro: guai a noi. Chi ci salverà dalle mani di questi dei eccelsi? questi sono gli dei che fiaccaron l'Egitto con ogni sorta di sciagure presso al deserto.Woe to vs: for there was not so great reioysing yesterday and the day before: woe to vs. Who shal keepe vs from the hand of these high Goddes? these be the Goddes, that stricke Aegypt with al plague, in the desert.Væ nobis: non enim fuit tanta exultatio heri et nudiustertius: væ nobis. Quis nos salvabit de manu deorum sublimium istorum ? hi sunt dii, qui percusserunt Ægyptum omni plaga in deserto. 9Take courage, and behave like men, ye Philistines: lest you come to be servants to the Hebrews, as they have served you: take courage and fight.Fatevi cuore, o Filistei, e siate uomini per non essere servi degli Ebrei, come questi sono stati servi vostri: fatevi cuore, e pugnate.Take courage, and be men, ye Philisthijms: lest you be seruantes to the Hebrewes, as they also haue ferued you: take courage and fight.Confortamini, et estote viri, Philisthiim, ne serviatis Hebræis, sicut et illi servierunt vobis: confortamini, et bellate.
10So the Philistines fought, and Israel was overthrown, and every man fled to his own dwelling: and there was an exceeding great slaughter; for there fell of Israel thirty thousand footmen.Combatteron pertanto i Filistei, e Israele fu sconfitto, e se ne fuggì ciascuno alla sua tenda, e la rotta fu grande formisura: e perirono degl'Israeliti trenta mila pedoni.The Philisthijms therfore fought, and Israel was slaine, and euerie man fled into his tabernacle: and there was made an exeeding great plague: and there fel of Israel thirtie thousand footemen.Pugnaverunt ergo Philisthiim, et cæsus est Israël, et fugit unusquisque in tabernaculum suum: et facta est plaga magna nimis, et ceciderunt de Israël triginta millia peditum. 11And the ark of God was taken: and the two sons of Heli, Ophni and Phinees, were slain.E fu presa l'arca di Dio: e anche i due figliuoli di Heli, Ophni, e Phinees, furono uccisi.And the arke of God was taken: the two sonnes also of Heli died, Ophni and Phinees.Et arca Dei capta est: duo quoque filii Heli mortui sunt, Ophni et Phinees. 12And there ran a man of Benjamin out of the army, and came to Silo the same day, with his clothes rent, and his head strewed with dust.E un uomo di Beniamin fuggito dalla battaglia arrivò a Silo lo stesso giorno colla veste stracciata, e la testa coperta di polvere.And a man of Beniamin running out of the battle aray, came into Silo that day, his garment rent, and sprinkled on his head with dust.Currens autem vir de Benjamin ex acie, venit in Silo in die illa, scissa veste, et conspersus pulvere caput. 13And when he was come, Heli sat upon a stool over against the way, watching. For his heart was fearful for the ark of God. And when the man was come into the city, he told it: and all the city cried out.E all'arrivo di lui Heli era assiso sopra una seggiola guardando verso la strada. Perocché il suo cuore era pien di timore per l'arca di Dio. E giunto quell'uomo portò la nuova nella città: e tutta la città si diede ad urlare.And when he was come, Heli sate vpon a stoole ouer against the way looking. For his hart was fearful for the arke of God. And that man after he was entred in, told it to the citie: and al the citie howled.Cumque ille venisset, Heli sedebat super sellam contra viam spectans. Erat enim cor ejus pavens pro arca Dei. Vir autem ille postquam ingressus est, nuntiavit urbi: et ululavit omnis civitas. 14And Heli heard the noise of the cry, and he said: What meaneth the noise of this uproar? But he made haste, and came, and told Heli.Ed Heli udì lo strepito delle grida, e disse: Che significa questo romore, e turbamento? Ma quegli in fretta arrivò, e diede ad Heli la nuova.And Heli heard the sound of the crie, and said: What is this sound of this same tumult? But he hastened, and came, and told Heli.Et audivit Heli sonitum clamoris, dixitque: Quis est hic sonitus tumultus hujus ? At ille festinavit, et venit, et nuntiavit Heli.
15Now Heli was ninety and eight years old, and his eyes were dim, and he could not see.Or Heli avea novant'otto anni, e gli occhi di lui erano ottenebrati, e non potea più vedere.And Heli was nintie and eight yeares old, and his eyes were dimme, and he could not see.Heli autem erat nonaginta et octo annorum, et oculi ejus caligaverant, et videre non poterat. 16And he said to Heli: I am he that came from the battle, and have fled out of the field this day. And he said to him: What is there done, my son?E quegli disse ad Heli: Son io che vengo dalla battaglia, e io che oggi sono fuggito dal conflitto. Ed Heli gli disse: Che è avvenuto, figliuol mio?And he said to Heli: I am he that came from the battle, and I he that fled out of the field this day. To whom he said: What is done my sonne?Et dixit ad Heli: Ego sum qui veni de prælio, et ego qui de acie fugi hodie. Cui ille ait: Quid actum est, fili mi ? 17And he that brought the news answered, and said: Israel is fled before the Philistines, and there has been a great slaughter of the people: moreover thy two sons, Ophni and Phinees, are dead: and the ark of God is taken.Rispose l'uomo che portava la nuova: Israele ha volte le spalle a' Filistei, e grande è stata la strage del popolo: e oltre a questo sono morti anche i due tuoi figliuoli, Ophni, e Phinees, ed è stata presa l'arca di Dio.And he brought the newes answering: Israel, quoth he, is fled before the Philisthijms, and a great ruine is made in the people: moreouer also thy two sonnes are dead, Ophni and Phinees: and the arke of God is taken.Respondens autem ille qui nuntiabat: Fugit, inquit, Israël coram Philisthiim, et ruina magna facta est in populo: insuper et duo filii tui mortui sunt, Ophni et Phinees, et arca Dei capta est. 18And when he had named the ark of God, he fell from his stool backwards by the door, and broke his neck and died. For he was an old man, and far advanced in years: And he judged Israel forty years.Appena quegli ebbe nominata l'arca di Dio, che (Heli) cadde dalla sua sedia all'indietro vicino alla porta, e rottosi il collo morì. Perocché egli era vecchio, e di età decrepita: ed ei fu giudice d'Israele per quarant'anni.And when he had named the arke of God, he fel from his stoole backward beside the doore, & his necke being broken he died. For he was an old man, and of a great age: and he iudged Israel fourtie yeares.Cumque ille nominasset arcam Dei, cecidit de sella retrorsum juxta ostium, et fractis cervicibus mortuus est. Senex enim erat vir et grandævus: et ipse judicavit Israël quadraginta annis. 19And his daughter in law, the wife of Phinees, was big with child, and near her time: and hearing the news that the ark of God was taken, and her father in law, and her husband, were dead, she bowed herself and fell in labour: for her pains came upon her on a sudden.E la nuora di lui moglie di Phinees, era gravida e prossima al parto: e udita la nuova dell'arca di Dio presa, e della morte del suo suocero, e del suo marito, si chinò, e partorì: perocché era stata subitamente sorpresa da' dolori.And his daughter in law, the wife of Phinees was great with childe, and nigh to be deliuered: and hearing the reporte that the arke of God was taken, and her father in law was dead, and her husband, she bowed her self and was deliuered: for sudden paynes were fallen vpon her.Nurus autem ejus, uxor Phinees, prægnans erat, vicinaque partui: et audito nuntio quod capta esset arca Dei, et mortuus esset socer suus et vir suus, incurvavit se et peperit: irruerant enim in eam dolores subiti.
20And when she was upon the point of death, they that stood about her said to her: Fear not, for thou hast borne a son. She answered them not, nor gave heed to them.E nel punto stesso, in cui ella moriva, le dissero quelle che le stavan d'intorno: Fatti animo; tu hai partorito un figliuolo. Ma ella non diede loro risposta, nè vi fece attenzione.And in the very moment of her death, they said to her that stoode about her: Feare not because thou hast borne a sonne. Who answered them not, nor gaue heede to it.In ipso autem momento mortis ejus, dixerunt ei quæ stabant circa eam: Ne timeas, quia filium peperisti. Quæ non respondit eis, neque animadvertit. 21And she called the child Ichabod, saying: The glory is gone from Israel, because the ark of God was taken, and for her father in law, and for her husband:E al bambino diede il nome d'Ichabod, dicendo: È passata la gloria d'Israele: a motivo dell'essere stata presa l'arca di Dio, e per riflesso al suo suocero e al suo marito.And she called the childe Ichabod, saing: The glorie is translated from Israel, because the arke of God is taken, and for her father in law, and for her husband;Et vocabit puerum Ichabod, dicens: Translata est gloria de Israël, quia capta est arca Dei, et pro socero suo et pro viro suo; 22And she said: The glory is departed from Israel, because the ark of God was taken.Ma ella disse: È passata la gloria d'Israele: per essere stata presa l'arca di Dio.and she said: The glorie is translated from Israel, for that the arke of God was taken.et ait: Translata est gloria ab Israël, eo quod capta esset arca Dei.
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Year of the World 2888, Year before Christ 1116.
And. Hebrew inserts here the conclusion of the last verse, whence some would infer that Samuel told the Israelites to make war upon the Philistines. But as it turned out so ill, this would have tended to discredit him; and we find that the Philistines were the aggressors.
Calmet
Days. This war took place immediately after the threats denounced to Heli; (Sararius) or according to Usher, and the best chronologists, about 27 years after that event. (Calmet)
Haydock
The addition of the Septuagint seems to insinuate, that the sons of Heli persevered for a long time in their wicked course, 1 Kings 3:20. (Haydock)
Josephus says that Phinees was his father's coadjutor.
Haydock
Salien observes that this must be considered as a fresh blot in the character of the latter, since he ought to have delivered the delinquents up to execution, Deuteronomy 21:21. Tirin[Tirinus], on the contrary, adduces the power of his sons, and the debilitated state of Heli, to excuse his neglect. (Haydock)
Help. In Hebrew Eben-ezer; so called, from the help which the Lord was pleased afterwards to give to his people, Israel, in that place, by the prayers of Samuel, 1 Kings 7:12., (Challoner) about 21 years afterwards.
Aphec, in the tribe of Juda, not far from Maspha.
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Calmet
Here, etc. Hebrew, "in the field" of battle. (Calmet)
Haydock
Septuagint, "in the ranks, in the field." (Haydock)
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Ancients; the commanders of the respective tribes. Heli was not able to lead on the people to battle, on account of his blindness and great age.
Herodotus vii
Enemies. All nations attribute much to the exterior marks of religion. The Israelites had witnessed the victories which had been obtained while the ark was present, Josue 6:4. See Numbers 14:45. But they ought to have considered, that their infidelity rendered them unworthy of the divine protection; and that God was more displeased at their profanations, than at the indignity to which the sacred vessels would be exposed. He would know how to vindicate his own honour and glory. The symbols of religion were thus carried in the army, by the Persians, etc. (Herodotus vii.)
Calmet
The Romans regarded their standards as so many deities. (Halicar. vi.) See 2 Kings 6:21., and 2 Paralipomenon 13:8. (Calmet)
The confidence which the Israelites placed in the ark was commendable, but their sins deserved to be punished. (Worthington) (Numbers 10:35.)
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Abulensis
Ark. On this extraordinary emergency they thought it lawful. (Abulensis, q. 6.)
Calmet
They easily obtained the consent of Heli; and his sons went to take it down, and to attend it to the army, as he was incapable of doing duty. We know not what ceremonies were used, nor whether the brothers acted as high priests alternately. (Calmet)
Calmet
Cherubim. The Scripture often represents God in this manner, Exodus 25:22., Psalm 17:10., and Ezechiel 10:1. The commonality of the Jews attributed bodies to the angels, but to denote that they were not like those with which we are acquainted, they called them cherubim, or complex and unusual figures. (Calmet)
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Calmet
God: "Elohim." Septuagint, "these gods." They speak of the true God according to their false ideas. (Calmet)
Sighing. Septuagint, "deliver us, O Lord, this day."
4:8
Haydock
Joy. A few days ago the Hebrews were dismayed, now they shout for joy, as they did at the taking of Jericho. Hebrew and Septuagint, "it was not so heretofore." (Haydock)
Calmet
Gods. Hebrew may be rendered in the singular, with the Chaldean and Arabic. But the Septuagint and most commentators, explain it in the sense of the Vulgate. The title of high, (adirim) or magnificent, was given by the Philistines to Dagon, whom they styled Atergatis. (Calmet)
Haydock
Septuagint stereon, means, "stable, perfect," etc. (Haydock)
Calmet
Plagues, till they were overwhelmed in the Red Sea, which is surrounded with deserts. Some supply, "and (his people) in the desert." (Septuagint, Syriac, etc.) (Calmet)
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Salien
Fight. To serve those whom they had lately oppressed, would be doubly afflicting. (Salien)
If these people had seriously attended to the instructions, which they might have derived from the fall of others, they would surely never have exposed themselves to fight against the high God. But they looked upon him in no other light than their own contemptible idols. Homer often represents them as wounded, and conquered by mortal men.
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Haydock
Footmen. They had no cavalry, (Calmet) as God seemed to discourage any. (Haydock)
Calmet
Even after Solomon's time, they had not many horsemen. (Calmet)
Haydock
The Israelites had before lost 4,000: now when they were full of confidence, and fought with valour, they behold 30,000 fall. The ark proved thus fatal to them. (Haydock)
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Calmet
Slain. Abulensis (q. 17,) thinks they were fighting in defence of the ark, when they might have saved themselves by flight; so that he does not despair of their salvation. God permitted them to lose their lives in the exercise of a holy ministry, which they had so scandalously profaned. (Calmet)
4:12
Haydock
Man. The Jews say that Saul carried these melancholy tidings, and that Goliah slew the sons of Heli. (Haydock)
4:13
Calmet
Stool. Hebrew cisse; "a throne or tribunal," where Heli sat to decide any controversies, and where he had blessed the mother of Samuel. (Calmet)
Haydock
God. He had great reason to fear that this was the day when his sons would perish, and he apprehended that the ark would be in danger. (Haydock)
4:17
Haydock
Taken. Every sentence expresses something more distressing to the aged judge and father; the flight and slaughter of his people, the ruin of his children, and the loss of the ark, which must have filled all Israel with a mortal gloom and terror, lest God should have abandoned them. So many dismal circumstances oppressing the heart of Heli, he fainted away, and falling backwards, expired. (Haydock)
Salien
The Scripture takes notice of his great age, that we might not think that he killed himself in despair. (Salien)
4:18
Challoner
Named the ark, etc. There is great reason, by all these circumstances, to hope that Heli died in the state of grace; and by his temporal punishments, escaped the eternal. (Challoner)
Calmet
But many of the Fathers condemn him, and the Scripture says nothing of his conversion, or of that of his children, so that the matter is doubtful. (Calmet)
Years. Hebrew, "and heavy."
Eusebio † 339 d.C.
Forty. Septuagint, "twenty," in which they are followed by many Fathers. (Eusebius; Sulpit., etc.)
Calmet
Some reconcile the two texts by saying, that Heli and Samson judged together for twenty years. But the Septuagint is probably corrupted, as the other versions agree with the original. (Calmet)
4:19
Menochius
Sudden, through extreme affliction. (Menochius)
Josephus says the child was only in his seventh month, but alive. Abulensis thinks he did not long survive his mother.
4:21
Challoner
Ichabod. That is, Where is the glory? or, there is no glory. We see how much the Israelites lamented the loss of the ark, which was but the symbol of God's presence amongst them. How much more ought Christians lament the loss of God himself, when by sin they have drove him out of their souls? (Challoner)
Mendoza
The ark is often called the glory of Israel, Isaias 64:21., and Psalm 25:8. Ichabod might remind the people that the greatest loss had been sustained by them, as well as by his family. His mother had both in view the ark, Heli, and Phinees, her husband, (Haydock) when she exclaimed, icabod, "Woe! or, Alas! the glory." (Mendoza)
Haydock
The Scripture does not mention Ophni's posterity. But besides this posthumous son, Phinees had one elder, who now succeeded Heli in the pontificate, (Chap. 14:3.; Josephus; Salien, the year of the world 2940, the year before Christ 1113,) while Samuel took possession of the civil administration, and almost totally eclipsed the glory of Achitob. Many of the Fathers have even looked upon him as the high priest. But he was only a Levite, though, by dispensation, he acted sometimes as an extraordinary priest. (St. Jerome, contra Jov. I., and in 1 Cor.) He reduced the people to a sense of their duty, and taught them to trust in the true God alone, and they would be protected, though deprived of the ark. This was also presently restored to them. (Haydock)
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4:18
Named the ark, etc.... There is great reason, by all these circumstances, to hope that Heli died in a state of grace; and by his temporal punishments escaped the eternal.
4:21
Ichabod.... That is, Where is the glory? or, there is no glory. We see how much the Israelites lamented the loss of the ark, which was but the symbol of God’s presence among them. How much more ought Christians to lament the loss of God himself, when by sin they have driven him out of their souls.
4:3
Their confidence of helpe from God, by presence of the arke was good and commendable, but their sinnes deserued to be punished.
4:18
This zele of religion in Heli towards the arke, is a great signe that he died in good state though he was temporally punished for not correcting his sonnes.
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Afraate † 346 d.C. Aphrahat: Select Demonstrations 21.7
… They were made to serve in Egypt two hundred and twenty-five years. And the Midianites made Israel serve in the days of Barak and Deborah. The Moabites ruled over them in the days of Ehud; the Ammonites in the days of Jephthah; the Philistines in the days of Samson, and also in the days of Eli and of Samuel the Prophet;
sant'Ambrogio † 397 d.C. On the Duties of the Clergy 1.29
… This too we can say they adopted from our writings; for the Hebrews used to call their foes “allophyllos,” that is, when put into Latin, “alienigenas” (of another race). For so we read in the first book of Kings: “It came to pass in those days that they of another race put themselves in array against Israel.”
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sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. Expositions on the Book of Psalms 78.32
… “And unto nothing He brought Israel exceedingly” ( ver. 60 ). For when God despised, what were they who by God’s help were what they were? But doubtless he is commemorating the doing of that thing, when they were conquered by the Philistines in the time of Heli the priest, and the Ark of the Lord was taken, and with great slaughter they were laid low.
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Tertulliano † 220 d.C. On Fasting 16
… He, at all events, is the God to whom neither a People incontinent of appetite, nor a priest, nor a prophet, was pleasing. To this day the “monuments of concupiscence” remain, where the People, greedy of “flesh,” till, by devouring without digesting the quails, they brought on cholera, were buried. Eli breaks his neck before the temple doors,
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Tertulliano † 220 d.C. On Fasting 16
… To this day the “monuments of concupiscence” remain, where the People, greedy of “flesh,” till, by devouring without digesting the quails, they brought on cholera, were buried. Eli breaks his neck before the temple doors, his sons fall in battle, his daughter-in-law expires in child-birth:
papa san Gregorio I Magno † 604 d.C. The Book of Pastoral Rule 2.6
… And yet sometimes there is more grievous delinquency, if among perverse persons equality is kept up more than discipline. For Eli, because, overcome by false affection, he would not punish his delinquent sons, smote himself along with his sons before the strict judge with a cruel doom (
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san Girolamo † 420 d.C. The Letters of St. Jerome 147.10
… And even Eli himself offended God by shewing too great leniency to his sons; therefore, so far from the righteousness of your bishop being able to deliver you, it is rather to be feared that your wickedness may hurl him from his seat and that falling on his back like Eli he may perish irretrievably.
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san Girolamo † 420 d.C. The Letters of St. Jerome 66.4
4. We read that the wife of Phinehas the priest, on hearing that the ark of the Lord had been taken, was seized suddenly with the pains of travail and that she brought forth a son Ichabod and died a mother in the hands of the women who nursed her.
sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. Expositions on the Book of Psalms 78.32
… “And their virgins mourned not” ( ver. 63 ). For not even for this was there leisure, in fear of the foe. “Their priests fell by the sword, and their widows were not lamented” ( ver. 64 ). For there fell by the sword the sons of Heli, of one of whom the wife being widowed, and presently dying in child-birth,
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san Giovanni Crisostomo † 407 d.C. Homilies on Philemon 2
… He has said, “son,” he has said, “I have begotten” him, so that it was probable he would love him much, because he begot him in his trials. For it is manifest that we are most inflamed with affection for those children, who have been born to us in dangers which we have escaped, as when the Scripture saith, “Woe, Barochabel!”
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1. Et factum est in diebus illis. — Ecce hic expletur prophetia Samuelis ac minae Dei, et clades ab eo intentatae Heli et filiis, totique Israeli. Quantum temporis intercessit a prophetia Samuelis, ad hanc ejus expletionem, incertum est. Serarius et Abulensis putant eodem anno expletam.
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3. Afferamus ad nos de Silo arcam foederis Domini. — Dei enim super arcam residentis, et ex propitiatorio responsa dantis praesentiam et opem crebro experti erant Hebraei, ut in transitu Jordanis, in expugnatione Jerichuntis, etc., multo majorem fiduciam habent Christiani in sacramento Eucharistiae et reliquiis Sanctorum, quas proinde in periculo belli, famis, pestis cum Litaniis in supplicationibus solemni pompa circumferunt, ac saepe miram exinde opem experiantur.
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7. Venit Deus in castra, — quia arca erat quasi solium Dei. Adde Philistiim, idolorum et simulacrorum adoratione et cultu assuetos, putasse arcam esse Deum, sive idolum Hebraeorum; vel certe sapientiores ex eis existimasse Dei virtutem, ac divinum quid arcae esse inclusum.
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11. Et arca Dei capta est. — Cur permisit id Deus? Procopius duas dat causas: Prior est, ut doceret Hebraeos recte viventes Dei providentiae confidere: peccantes vero neque arcae, nec ipsi Deo fidere. Posterior, ut Philistiim arcam capientes ejus vim et potestatem agnoscerent ex plagis ab ea immissis, quas audiemus capite sequenti, itaque Deum Hebraeorum timerent et colerent. Tertiam causam adde, ut Deus castigaret impietatem filiorum Heli, qui arca et altari ad suas rapinas et scelera abutebantur. Tropologice, arca ab alienigenis capta indicabat testamentum Dei transiturum ad gentes, ait Eucherius et S. Gregorius. Allegorice, arca foederis est humanitas Christi, praesertim in Eucharistia.
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18. Cumque ille nominasset arcam Dei, cecidit de sella retrorsum juxta ostium, et fractis cervicibus mortuus est. — Hinc notant Abulensis, Cajetanus et alii virum pium fuisse Heli, utpote quem non filiorum, nec populi, ita tangeret cura, ut arcae et sacrorum religio. Quaeres, an Heli sit damnatus? Affirmat S. Gregorius. Contrarium censent Theodoretus, Lyranus, Dionysius, Abulensis, Cajetanus, Serarius, Sanchez, Mendoza. Idque probatur primo, quia Heli fuit vir probus et pius; secundo, quia licet peccarit nimia lenitate et indulgentia erga filios, tamen ex parte eum excusat, quod prae senio non ita poterat eos severe corrigere; tertio, quia esto demus eum lethaliter peccasse, tamen videtur poenituisse; quarto, quia Deus ideo tam dure eum punivit in hac vita, ut ei parceret in futura.
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21. Et vocavit puerum Ichabod, dicens: Translata est gloria de Israel. — Ichabod hebraice dicitur quasi אי כבוד e chabod, id est ubi gloria? scilicet evanuit. Josephus vertit ἀδοξία, id est ingloria, ignobilitas, vilitas.
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APHEC (EBR. 'ĀPHĪQ E 'ĀPHĒQ « FORTEZZA » O « CORSO D'ACQUA »)
3. Città presso Ebenezer nella pianura di Saron, ove i Filistei sconfissero gli Ebrei e presero l'Arca dell'Alleanza (I Sam. 4, 1 sgg.). È nella lista di Thutmose III (n. 66: I-pw-q-n = Efeqon), e nei « testi di proscrizione » egiziani (sec. …
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ARCA (DELL'ALLEANZA), ARCA DELLA TESTIMONIANZA
… Mosè avrebbe agito similmente nei riguardi di Dio. Jahweh era «assiso sui cherubi» (I Sam. 4, 4, ecc.) del propiziatorio, e più esattamente sullo spazio tra le loro ali, ove appariva «nella nube» (Lev. 16, 2), e parlava a Mosè (Ex. 25, 22) e ad altri. …
CHERUBINO (EBR. PLUR. HĒRUBHÎM)
… Di lì, dal luogo «tra i c.», Dio dava i suoi oracoli (Ex. 25, 18-22; 37, 7-9; Num. 7, 89) ed era perciò chiamato «Colui che siede sopra i c.» (I Sam. 4, 4; II Sam. 6, 2; Is. 37, 16; Ps. 80, 2; 99, 1). Quando si manifesta nella tempesta «viaggia sui c.» (Ps. 18, 11). Furono introdotti nel tempio di Salomone: due, in piedi alle …
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ARCA (DELL'ALLEANZA), ARCA DELLA TESTIMONIANZA
… (II Reg. 6, 12; I Reg. 8, 10, ecc.), alla presenza di questa si acclamasse Jahweh (Num. 10, 35 sg.; I Sam. 4, 7; 6, 20, ecc.). …
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… Gli Israeliti vengono sconfitti in una dura battaglia, dalla quale si riporta come preda anche l'Arcs sacra (I Sam. 4, 10 sg.); le vittorie riportate dagli Israeliti sotto Samuele (I Sam. 7, 13 sg.) non impedirono ai F. di spingersi man mano avanti fino a Machmas e Gabaa (I Sam. 13, 3.5.11 sg.), mentre il …
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ICHABOD (EBR. 'L'ĀBHŌDH «SENZA GLORIA»)
In uno scontro con i Filistei, quando fu catturata anche l'arca (v.) dell'alleanza (I Sam. 4,11), morirono i due fratelli Ophni e Phinees, e il vecchio padre Eli
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.