Gog and Magog most tyrannically persecuting the Church, 17. as other prophetes haue also foretold, 20. shal be mightyly ouerthrowne.
1And the word of the Lord came to me, saying:Il Signore parlommi, dicendo:AND the word of our Lord was made to me, saying:Et factus est sermo Domini ad me, dicens: 2Son of man, set thy face against Gog, the land of Magog, the chief prince of Mosoch and Thubal: and prophesy of him,Figliuolo dell'uomo, volgi la tua faccia verso Gog, verso la terra di Magog, verso il principe, e capo di Mosoch, e di Thubal, e profetizza in torno ad essi,Sonne of man, set thy face against Gog. & the Land of Magog, the prince of the head of Mosoch, and Thubal: and prophecie of him and thou shalt say to him:Fili hominis, pone faciem tuam contra Gog, terram Magog, principem capitis Mosoch et Thubal, et vaticinare de eo. 3And say to him: Thus saith the Lord God: Behold, I come against thee, O Gog, the chief prince of Mosoch and Thubal.E dirai a lui: Queste cose dice il Signore Dio: Eccomi a te, o Gog principe, e capo di Mosoch, e di Thubal.Thus saith our Lord God: Behold I to thee Gog prince of the head of Mosoch and Thubal.Et dices ad eum: Hæc dicit Dominus Deus: / Ecce ego ad te, Gog, principem capitis Mosoch et Thubal. 4And I will turn thee about, and I will put a bit in thy jaws: and I will bring thee forth, and all thy army, horses and horsemen all clothed with coats of mail, a great multitude, armed with spears and shields and swords.Io ti aggirerò, e imbriglierò le tue mascelle, e menerò fuori te, e il tuo esercito, i cavalli, e i cavalieri coperti tutti di corazze, turba grande, che darà di piglio all'asta, allo scudo, e alla spada.And I wil turne thee about, and wil put a bitte in thy iawes: and wil bring forth thee, and al thyne armie, the horses and horsmen clothed with brigantines, a great multitude, of them that take speare and buckler and sword.Et circumagam te, et ponam frenum in maxillis tuis: / et educam te, et omnem exercitum tuum, / equos et equites vestitos loricis universos, / multitudinem magnam, hastam et clypeum arripientium et gladium. 5The Persians, Ethiopians, and Libyans with them, all with shields and helmets.Con essi saranno i Persiani, e gli Etiopi, e que' della Libia, tutti provveduti di scudo, e di cimiero.The Persians, Aethiopians, and Lybians with them, al with shildes and helmets.Persæ, Æthiopes, et Libyes cum eis, / omnes scutati et galeati. 6Gomer, and all his bands, the house of Thogorma, the northern parts and all his strength, and many peoples with thee.Gomer, e tutte le sue schiere, la casa di Thogorma, e le genti settentrionali, e tutte le loro forze, e molti altri popoli teco.Gomer, and al her troupes, the houses of Thogorma the sides of the North, & al his strength, and manie peoples with them.Gomer et universa agmina ejus, / domus Thogorma, latera aquilonis, / et totum robur ejus, populique multi tecum.
7Prepare and make thyself ready, and all thy multitude that is assembled about thee, and be thou commander over them.Preparati, e mettiti in ordine con tutta la tua moltitudine affollata intorno a te, e dà loro i tuoi ordini.Prepare and make readie thy selfe, and al thy multitude, that is gathered to thee in heapes: and be thou as a precept to them.Præpara et instrue te, / et omnem multitudinem tuam quæ coacervata est ad te: / et esto eis in præceptum. 8After many days thou shalt be visited: at the end of years thou shalt come to the land that is returned from the sword, and is gathered out of many nations, to the mountains of Israel which have been continually waste: but it hath been brought forth out of the nations, and they shall all of them dwell securely in it.Dopo molti giorni tu sarai visitato: nel fine degli anni tu anderai in una terra, che fu liberata dalla spada, ed è stata radunata da molte genti ai monti d'Israele, che furon sempre deserti: ella fu tratta da molti popoli, e vi si abita tranquillamente.After manie dayes thou shalt be visited: in the later end of yeares thou shalt come to the land, that is returned from the sword, and is gathered together out of manie peoples, to the mountaines of Israel, that were desert continually: this same is brought forth out of the peoples, and they shal al dwel in it confidently.Post dies multos visitaberis: / in novissimo annorum venies ad terram quæ reversa est a gladio, / et congregata est de populis multis ad montes Israël, / qui fuerunt deserti jugiter: / hæc de populis educta est, / et habitabunt in ea confidenter universi. 9And thou shalt go up and come like a storm, and like a cloud to cover the land, thou and all thy bands and many people with thee.Tu vi anderai, e vi entrerai come una tempesta, e come una nube per ingombrare la terra, tu, e tutte le tue schiere, e i molti popoli, che son teco.And going vp as a tempest thou shalt come, and as it were a clowde that thou maist couer the land, thou & thy troupes, and manie peoples with thee.Ascendens autem quasi tempestas venies, / et quasi nubes, ut operias terram: / tu et omnia agmina tua, / et populi multi tecum. 10Thus saith the Lord God: In that day projects shall enter into thy heart, and thou shalt conceive a mischievous design.Queste cose dice il Signore Dio: In quel giorno tu la discorrerai in cuor tuo, e coverai pessimi consigli;Thus sayth our Lord God: In that day shal wordes ascend vpon thy hart, & thou shalt thinke a most wicked thought.Hæc dicit Dominus Deus: / In die illa, ascendent sermones super cor tuum, / et cogitabis cogitationem pessimam:
11And thou shalt say: I will go up to the land which is without a wall, I will come to them that are at rest, and dwell securely: all these dwell without a wall, they have no bars nor gates:E dirai: Io m'incamminerò verso una terra smantellata: anderò contro gente, che dorme, e vive senza sospetto: tutti costoro abitano in luoghi non murati, non hanno serrature, né porte:And shalt say: I wil goe vp to the land without wal: I wil come to them that rest, and dwel securely: al these dwel without wal, there are no barres nor gates to them:et dices: Ascendam ad terram absque muro: / veniam ad quiescentes habitantesque secure: / hi omnes habitant sine muro; / vectes et portæ non sunt eis: 12To take spoils, and lay hold on the prey, to lay thy hand upon them that had been wasted, and afterwards restored, and upon the people that is gathered together out of the nations, which hath begun to possess and to dwell in the midst of the earth.Così tu rapirai le spoglie, e t'impadronirai della preda, e metterai le mani addosso a coloro, i quali erano stati dispersi, e poi furono richiamati, e ad un popolo raunato di mezzo alle genti, il quale cominciò a possedere, e ad abitare l'umbilico della terra.That thou mayst take the spoiles, and inuade the praye, that thou maist lay thy hand vpon them, that had bene desert, and afterward restored, and vpon the people that is gathered together out of the Gentils, which hath begune to possesse, and to be inhabitant of the nauel of the earth.ut diripias spolia, et invadas prædam; / ut inferas manum tuam super eos qui deserti fuerant, et postea restituti, / et super populum qui est congregatus ex gentibus, / qui possidere cœpit et esse habitator umbilici terræ. 13Saba, and Dedan, and the merchants of Tharsis, and all the lions thereof shall say to thee: Art thou come to take spoils? behold, thou hast gathered thy multitude to take a prey, to take silver, and gold, and to carry away goods and substance, and to take rich spoils.Saba, e Dedan, e i mercatanti di Tarso, e tutti i suoi principi ti diranno: Vieni tu a far acquisto di spoglie? Certo che tu la tua molta gente hai radunata, per far gran preda, per portar via l'argento, e l'oro, e le suppellettili, e le cose preziose, e portar via ricchezze infinite.Saba, and Dedan, and the merchants of Tharsis, and al the lions therof shal say to thee: What comest thou to take spoiles? behold thou hast gathered thy multitude to take the praye, that thou maist take siluer, and gold, and maist take away stuffe and substance, & spoile infinite booties.Saba, et Dedan, et negotiatores Tharsis, / et omnes leones ejus, dicent tibi: / Numquid ad sumenda spolia tu venis ? / ecce ad diripiendam prædam congregasti multitudinem tuam, / ut tollas argentum et aurum, / et auferas supellectilem atque substantiam, / et diripias manubias infinitas. 14Therefore, thou son of man, prophesy and say to Gog: Thus saith the Lord God: Shalt thou not know, in that day, when my people of Israel shall dwell securely?Per questo profetizza, o figliuolo dell'uomo, e dirai a Gog: Queste cose dice il Signore Dio: In quel giorno, quando il popolo mio d'Israele se ne starà quieto, e sicuro, non te ne avvedrai tu allora?Therfore prophecie thou sonne of man, and thou shalt say to Gog: Thus saith our Lord God: Why shalt thou not know in that day, when my people of Israel shal dwel confidently?Propterea vaticinare, fili hominis, et dices ad Gog: / Hæc dicit Dominus Deus: / Numquid non in die illo, / cum habitaverit populus meus Israël confidenter, / scies ?
15And thou shalt come out of thy place from the northern parts, thou and many people with thee, all of them riding upon horses, a great company and a mighty army.E ti partirai dal tuo paese dalle parti settentrionali, tu, e molti popoli teco, tutti i soldati a cavallo turba grande, esercito possente.And thou shalt come out of thy place from the sides of the North, thou and manie peoples with thee, al riders of horses, a great companie, and a vehement armie.Et venies de loco tuo a lateribus aquilonis, / tu et populi multi tecum, / ascensores equorum universi: / cœtus magnus, et exercitus vehemens. 16And thou shalt come upon my people of Israel like a cloud, to cover the earth. Thou shalt be in the latter days, and I will bring thee upon my land: that the nations may know me, when I shall be sanctified in thee, O Gog, before their eyes.E anderai contro al mio popolo Israele come nuvola, che ingombri la terra: Tu sarai alla fine dei giorni, e io ti condurrò nella mia terra, affinchè mi conoscano le genti, quand'io farò spiccar in te la mia gloria sugli occhi di esse, o Gog.And thou shalt ascend vpon my people of Israel as a clowde, that thou couer the earth. In the later dayes shalt thou be, and I wil bring thee vpon my land: that the Gentils may know me, when I shal be sanctified in thee before their eyes ô Gog.Et ascendes super populum meum Israël / quasi nubes, ut operias terram. / In novissimis diebus erit, / et adducam te super terram meam: / ut sciant gentes me / cum sanctificatus fuero in te in oculis eorum, o Gog ! 17Thus saith the Lord God: Thou then art he, of whom I have spoken in the days of old, by my servants the prophets of Israel, who prophesied in the days of those times that I would bring thee upon them.Queste cose dice il Signore Dio: Tu se' adunque colui, di cui io ho parlato ne' giorni antichi per mezzo de' servi miei, i profeti d'Israele, i quali in que' tempi profetizzarono, com' io ti avrei fatto venir contro di loro.Thus sayth our Lord God: Thou then art he, of whom I spake in the dayes of old, in the hand of my seruants the prophets of Israel, which prophecied in the dayes of those times, that I would bring in thee vpon them.Hæc dicit Dominus Deus: / Tu ergo ille es, de quo locutus sum in diebus antiquis / in manu servorum meorum prophetarum Israël, / qui prophetaverunt in diebus illorum temporum, / ut adducerem te super eos. 18And it shall come to pass in that day, in the day of the coming of Gog upon the land of Israel, saith the Lord God, that my indignation shall come up in my wrath.E in quel giorno, nel di dell'arrivo di Gog nella terra d'Israele, dice il Signore Dio, scoppierà l'indegnazione mia, e il mio furore.And it shal be in that day, in the day of the coming of Gog vpon the land of Israel, saith our Lord God, myne indignation shal ascend in my furie. And in my zele, and in the fire of my wrath I haue spoken:Et erit in die illa, / in die adventus Gog super terram Israël, / ait Dominus Deus, / ascendet indignatio mea in furore meo.
19And I have spoken in my zeal, and in the fire of my anger, that in that day there shall be a great commotion upon the land of Israel:E nel mio zelo, nel calor del mio sdegno io parlerò: Grande sarà in quel dì la commozione nella terra d'Israele:That in that day shal be a great commotion vpon the land of Israel: and at my presenceEt in zelo meo, in igne iræ meæ locutus sum, / quia in die illa erit commotio magna super terram Israël: 20So that the fishes of the sea, and the birds of the air, and the beasts of the field, and every creeping thing that creepeth upon the ground, and all men that are upon the face of the earth, shall be moved at my presence: and the mountains shall be thrown down, and the hedges shall fall, and every wall shall fall to the ground.E dinanzi a me saranno in agitazione i pesci del mare, e gli uccelli dell'aria, e le bestie de' campi, e tutti i rettili, che si muovono sulla terra, e tutti gli uomini, che abitano la superficie della terra: e i monti saran rovesciati, e caderanno i baluardi, e tutte le mura precipiteranno per terra.shal the fishes of the sea be moued, and the foules of heauen, and the beastes of the fild, and enerie creeping thing, that moueth vpon the ground & al men that are vpon the face of the earth: and the mountaines shal be ouerthrowen, and the hedges shal fal, and euerie wal shal fal on the ground.et commovebuntur a facie mea pisces maris, / et volucres cæli, et bestiæ agri, / et omne reptile quod movetur super humum, / cunctique homines qui sunt super faciem terræ: / et subvertentur montes, et cadent sepes, / et omnis murus corruet in terram. 21And I will call in the sword against him in all my mountains, saith the Lord God: every man’s sword shall be pointed against his brother.E chiamerò contro di lui su tutti i miei monti la spada, dice il Signore Dio: dirizzerà ognuno la spada contro il proprio fratello.And I wil cal in against him in al my moūtaines the sword, saith our Lord God: euerie mans sword shal be directed against his brother.Et convocabo adversus eum in cunctis montibus meis gladium, / ait Dominus Deus: / gladius uniuscujusque in fratrem suum dirigetur. 22And I will judge him with pestilence, and with blood, and with violent rain, and vast hailstones: I will rain fire and brimstone upon him, and upon his army, and upon the many nations that are with him.E lo punirò colla pestilenza, e colla strage, e con pioggia furiosa, e con pietre sterminate: pioverò sopra di lui, e sopra del suo esercito, e sopra i molti popoli, che son con lui fuoco, e zolfo.And I wil iudge him with pestilence, and bloud, and vehement showre, & mightie great stones: fire, and brimstone wil I raine vpon him, and vpon his armie, and vpon the manie peoples that ar• with him.Et judicabo eum peste, et sanguine, / et imbre vehementi, et lapidibus immensis: / ignem et sulphur pluam super eum, / et super exercitum ejus, / et super populos multos qui sunt cum eo.
23And I will be magnified, and I will be sanctified: and I will be known in the eyes of many nations and they shall know that I am the Lord.E farò conoscere la mia grandezza, e la mia santità: e mi farò conoscere da molte nazioni, e sapranno, ch'io son il Signore.And I wil be magnified, and I wil be sanctified: and I wil be knowen in the eyes of manie nations: and they shal know that I am the Lord.Et magnificabor, et sanctificabor, / et notus ero in oculis multarum gentium: / et scient quia ego Dominus.
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Gog. This name, which signifies hidden, or covered, is taken in this place either for the persecutors of the Church of God in general, or some arch persecutor in particular; such as Antichrist shall be in the latter days. See Apocalypse 20:8. And what is said of the punishment of Gog, is verified by the unhappy end of persecutors.
Challoner
Magog. Scythia or Tartary, whence the Turks and other enemies of the Church of Christ originally sprung. (Challoner)
St. Jerome
These are supposed to be the princes of some northern and barbarous country, (Worthington) peopled by the son of Japhet. (St. Jerome)
Worthington
St. Augustine (City of God 20:11.) observes, that as the Church is spread everywhere, so also are persecutors. But Christ will overcome them all. (Worthington)
Calmet
This prophecy is very difficult. It seems literally to refer to Cambyses, who invaded Judea about seventy years after the temple had been destroyed, and perished by the hand of God, at Ecbatana, upon Mount Carmel. It is very usual with the prophets to give fictitious names; as the king of Tyre is called a cherub, and Jerusalem Ooliba. Cambyses ruled over Scythia, in Iberia; styled Gogarene, by Strabo (xi.). (Calmet)
Haydock
The proper Scythia withstood all the attempts of his successors, and defeated Darius. (Haydock)
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Jaws. Thus Cambyses treated the son of Psammenites. God has the most absolute dominion over all monarchs, ver. 7.
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Grotius
Visited, or rather "shall visit" Judea. (Chaldean) (Grotius)
Cambyses invaded Egypt twelve years after the Jews had returned, and came upon them two years later, designing to plunder them, at the instigation of their malevolent neighbours. He had sustained great losses in Egypt, and was arrived at Carmel when news was brought that the false Smerdis had declared himself king. See Herodotus 3:61.
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Calmet
Midst. Literally, "navel." Hebrew, "Thabor," intimating a mountain rising in a plain, Judges 9:7. (Calmet)
Worthington
Alluding to this intended blunder of the Jews lately returned, he speaks of Antichrist and of all heretics, who seek to pervert or suppress Catholics rescued from the power of the devil, by the sacraments of Christ. (Worthington)
38:13
Calmet
Tharsis. Septuagint, "Carthage, and all their villages." The merchants or naval forces of Cambyses spurred him forward, (see Psalm 77:6.) as well as the Arabs, Cuthites, etc., 1 Esdras 4:8. (Calmet)
38:16
Worthington
Latter. Antichrist shall persecute the Church at the end of the world. (Worthington)
After Cambyses had punished Egypt, his turn came, and all his designs were baffled.
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38:19
Haydock
Israel. The Jews shall be full of dismay, (ver. 20.) as the tyrant will vent some threats; (Calmet) or this commotion was in his own army. (Haydock)
38:21
Calmet
Sword. The Jews were not in a condition to make resistance. (Calmet)
Cambyses had his brother Smerdis slain. But another was set on the throne; whereupon, mounting his horse in a fury, he wounded himself with his sword in the thigh, which mortifying, caused his death after twenty days. (Herodotus 3:21., etc.)
Calmet
The historian does not mention what became of his army; but it seems to have perished by discord, as was very common among such a collection of nations. See Judges 7:22., and Judith 15:1., and 1 Kings 14:20., and 4 Kings 2:21. (Calmet)
Haydock
They were now without a head. (Haydock)
Worthington
In the whole universe, God will at last destroy Antichrist and all his adherents. (Worthington)
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Pestilence. His wound might be thus described.
Calmet
Blood. Thus was he punished for shedding that of innocent people. (Calmet)
38:2
Gog.... This name, which signifies hidden or covered, is taken in this place, either for the persecutors of the church of God in general, or some arch-persecutor in particular: such as Antichrist shall be in the latter days. See Apoc. 20.8. And what is said of the punishment of Gog, is verified by the unhappy ends of persecutors.—Ibid. Magog.... Scythia or Tartary, from whence the Turks, and other enemies of the church of Christ, originally sprung.
38:2
2. Against Gog, and the Land of Magog.] Gog and Magog, according to Gog and Magog, the king and kingdom of Scithia. the most common opinion, were the king, and people of Scithia, in the North part of the vvorld, a barbarous, sauage, and cruel nation, the ofspring of Magog G••. 10. sonne of Iapheth, wherto the prophet alluding describeth here, as S. Ierom in this place, S. Augustin. li. 20. c. 11. de ciuit. and other Fathers expound it, al persecuters of the Church; most especially Antichrist, and his complices. Signifying al persecuters of the Church, especially Antichrist. Of whom likewise, by the same mystical names, S. Iohn prophecieth. Apoc. 20 v. 7. that Satan shal be loosed out of his prison, and shal goe forth, and seduce the nations, that are vpon the foure corners of the earth, Gog, and Magog, and shal gather them into battel, whose number is as the sa•d of the sea. For the Church being spred on al the earth (as S. Augustin noteth in the same Psal. •. Isa 11. Dan. 1•. place) her enimies also spred euerie where, shal most vehemently persecute her. VVho shal be destroyed. But the holie Prophetes, namely Ezechiel here. v. 21. &c. and S. Iohn. v. 11. foreshew, that Christ our Lord wil destroy them al.
Gog, signifying hid or couered, was the common surname of the Scithian kinges.
Magog, out of the hid, were the people and adherents of Gog persecuting the faithful.
38:12
Alluding to those that endeuoured to spoyle and oppresse the Iewes after their relaxation from captiuitie, he prophecieth of Antichrist, and al heretikes, that seeke to peruert, or to suppresse Catholique Christians, who are deliuered rom the bondage of the diuel, by Baptisme and other Sacraments of Christ.
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Antichrist signified by Gog shal persecute the Church nere the end of the vvorld.
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In euerie part of the vniuersal Church God wil at last destroy Antichrists powre confounding him, and al his adherentes.
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Socrate Scolastico † 440 d.C. The Ecclesiastical History of Socrates Scholasticus 7.43
… On this occasion, Proclus the bishop preached a sermon in the church in which he applied a prophecy out of Ezekiel to the deliverance effected by God in the late emergency, and was in consequence much admired. This is the language of the prophecy:
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sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. Expositions on the Book of Psalms 48.6
… Of which city was the Apostle Paul, being born in Tarsus of Cilicia. But some have understood by it Carthage, being haply sometimes so named, or in some language so signified. For in the Prophet Isaiah it is thus found: “Howl, ye ships of Carthage.” But in Ezekiel
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sant'Ambrogio † 397 d.C. Exposition of the Christian Faith 2.16
… Yea, go up against my people Israel, as clouds to cover the land, in the last days.”
38:2
Quia in die illa erit commotio magna super terram Israel: 20. et commovebuntur a facie mea pisces maris, et volucres cœli, et bestiæ agri, et omne reptile, quod movetur super humum, cunctique homines, qui sunt super faciem terræ: et subvertentur montes, et cadent sepes, et omnis murus corruet in terram. 21. Et convocabo adversus eum in cunctis montibus meis gladium, ait Dominus Deus: gladius uniuscujusque in fratrem suum dirigetur. 22. Et judicabo eum peste, et sanguine, et imbre vehementi, et lapidibus immensis: ignem et sulphur pluam super eum, et super exercitum ejus, et super populos multos, qui sunt cum eo. 23. Et magnificabor, et sanctificabor: et notus ero in oculis multarum gentium, et scient quia ego Dominus.
38:3
Quæres, qui sint Gog et Magog? Judæi fabulantur esse gentes Scythicas innumerabiles, quæ latent inter montes Caspios, et venient cum Antichristo contra Messiam, sed ab eo cædentur in Palæstina. Unde consequenter inferunt Messiam necdum venisse, quia necdum venit Gog, qui ab eo sit cæsus. Secundo, Lactantius, lib. VII, cap. xxiv, putat prælium Gog et Magog futurum mille annis post resurrectionem et mortem Antichristi. Idem censuit Tertullianus, Papias, Justinus et alii Chiliastæ.
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Tertio, Eusebius, lib. IX Demonstr. cap. III, docet Gog esse Romanum Imperatorem, Magog Romanum Imperium. Quarto, alii volunt Gog et Magog esse prælia angelorum et diaboli. Quinto, Theodoretus asserit Gog et Magog esse Alexandrum magnum, et reges Syriæ ac Ægypti, Alexandri successores, qui Judæos afflixerunt, et tandem a Judæis superati sunt. Sed hoc falsum est: licet enim contra eos illustres victorias habuerint Judæi, tamen nunquam eos plane superarunt, quin semper ab eis vexati sint. Huc pertinet expositio Pererii, lib. XV in Genes. num. 12, et Alcazar, Apoc. xx, 7, qui per Gog accipiunt Antiochum Epiphanem, qui valde afflixit Judæos (postquam illi e captivitate Babylonica in patriam a Cyro restituti sunt, de quo egit Ezechiel cap. præcedenti), et tandem a Deo morbo putido percussus, misere interiit, ut patet ex libris Machab. Addit Alcazar S. Joannem, Apoc. xx, 7, de alio Gog loqui, de alio loqui Ezechielem; S. Joannem enim loqui de Gog futuro in fine mundi, ac per Gog significare milites Antichristi: Ezechielem vero Gog vocare Antiochum, qui proxime successit Nabuchodonosori in persecutione Judæorum; sed sub Antiocho potius respicere ad Romanos imperatores qui bellum Christianis et Ecclesiæ intulerunt, ac ab ea tandem superati et conversi sunt. Verum de eodem Gog loqui Joannem et Ezechielem docent communiter interpretes, et conferenti utriusque verba clarum est. Porro Alcazar in Apoc. xx, num. 7, not. 7, per Magog accipit urbem Syriæ ita dictam syriace, quæ græce dicta est Hierapolis. Fuit enim Magog, inquit, idololatriæ metropolis in toto Antiochi imperio. Unde a templorum multitudine vocata est Hierapolis, uti Ptolemæus in quarta Asiæ tabula annotavit, ubi septem solum expressit insignes Asiæ civitates, et secunda earum est «Hierapolis, a multitudine templorum sic appellata a Græcis, cum proprium ipsius nomen sit Magog;» et Plinius, lib. V, cap. xxiii: «Cœlesyria, ait, urbes habet, Bambycen, quæ alio nomine Hierapolis vocatur, Syris vero Magog. Ibi prodigiosa Atergatis, Græcis Derceto dicta colitur.» Constat autem Derceto idolum fuisse humana facie, cætera piscem. Et forte idem erat, quod in lib. Regum vocatur Dagon. Dag enim hebraice significat piscem: quare et idolum illud inferne habuisse figuram piscis traditur. Compulit ergo Antiochus omnes Judæos ad idololatriam, cujus caput erat urbs Magog; hinc eum vocat Gog principem Magog, quæ est Hierapolis. Hucusque Alcazar.
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Sane verisimile est, sicut Antiochus typus fuit Antichristi, ut patet Daniel. xi, 36, ita alludi hic ad urbem gentemque ejus impiam et idololatram, nuncupatam Magog. Sicut enim illa tempore Antiochi persecuta est fideles, puta Judæos: ita similiter impii et idololatræ tempore Antichristi persequentur christianos, ideoque vocantur Magog, quasi posteri et æmuli impietatis gentis Magog, quæ fuit sub Antiocho. Rursum Togorma, Mosoch et Thubal, quos hic cum Magog sociat Ezechiel, fuerunt gentes Asiaticæ subditæ Antiocho. Verum huc tantum alludit, eamque obiter quasi perstringit Ezechiel. Nam directe ad litteram loquitur de Magog, qui erit in novissimo tempore et in fine mundi, ut ait ipse æque ac S. Joannes. Adde, de Antiochi exercitu non potest dici, quod ita prostratus sit a Machabæis, ut hastæ et tela cæsorum suffecerint Judæis ad focum et ignem per septem annos. Tertio, de eodem dici nequit, quod Deus eum e cœlo perdiderit lapidibus grandinis, igne, sulphure, imbre, etc., quod de Magog asserit Ezechiel hoc cap. xxxviii, 22. Quarto, nec Antiochus vocatus fuit Gog, nec tota ejus regio Magog, sed una tantum urbs. Nec rursum ejus exercitum sepultum legimus in valle multitudinis Gog, juxta civitatem Amona; quod tamen de Magog fore affirmat Ezechiel xxxix, 15. Denique Judæis sub Antiocho non convenit, quod ait ibidem vers. ultimo: «Et non abscondam ultra faciem meam ab eis, eo quod effuderim spiritum meum super omnem domum Israel, ait Dominus Deus.» Constat enim Judæos a successoribus Antiochi, et rursum a Romanis graviter fuisse afflictos, imo excisos.
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veluti in domo et abysso diabolus est inclusus; Magog est diabolus, qui de illis gentibus quodammodo se effert et procedit: vel Gog sunt gentes, in quibus nunc includitur et tegitur diabolus; et eædem gentes erunt Magog, id est de tecto, quando in apertum odium, de operto erupturæ sunt. Ita Augustinus. Verum Gog non fore diabolum, patet ex Apoc. xx, ubi S. Joannes dicit quod diabolus suscitabit Gog; non ergo Gog est diabolus. Sexto, Theodorus Bibliander, quem sequitur Chytræus in cap. xx Apocal., Gog et Magog volunt esse Gregorium VII, Godefridum Bullonium, et christianos principes, qui terram sanctam recuperaverunt. Sed hoc est impium: Gog enim pugnabit contra castra Sanctorum, et sanctam civitatem, id est veram Dei Ecclesiam; cum ergo Bullonius et socii in bello sacro pugnaverint contra Turcas et Saracenos, sequitur ex sententia Bibliandri, Turcas et Saracenos esse castra Sanctorum, et sanctam civitatem. Huc accedunt Calvinistæ, qui Gog et Magog aiunt esse Papam et Papistas: Gog enim esse Antichristum, quem non alium esse censent quam Papam. Quam virulentam æque ac stolidam calumniam fuse refutavi II Thessal. II, 11, Quæst. I.
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Septimo, Magdeburgenses opinantur Gog et Magog esse Turcas et Saracenos, sed errant: Gog enim et Magog tantum erunt in fine mundi cum Antichristo, ut patet Apoc. cap. xx, 7 et 11. Octavo, S. Ambrosius, lib. II De Fide, cap. ultimo, putat Gog esse Gothos, qui Romanorum provincias vastarunt; ideoque Gratianum Imperatorem ibidem hortatur, ut pergat contra Gothos, certamque illi de eis promittit victoriam, utpote prædictam et promissam hic ab Ezechiele. Audi eum: «Gog, ait, iste Gothus est, quem jam videmus exisse, de quo nobis promittitur futura victoria, dicente Domino: Et deprædabuntur eos, qui deprædati eos fuerant, etc. Nec ambiguum, sancte Imperator, quod qui perfidiæ alienæ pugnam excepimus, fidei Catholicæ in te vigentis habituri simus auxilium. Evidens enim ante hæc divinæ indignationis causa præcessit, ut ibi primum fides Romano Imperio frangeretur, ubi fracta est Deo.» S. Ambrosium sequitur Aretas in cap. xx Apoc. Qua de re S. Hieronymus Ambrosium in proœmio lib. XI Comment. in Ezech., tacito nomine reprehendit. Alii Gog et Magog Getas et Massagetas esse volunt, uti refert S. Augustinus, lib. XX De Civit. cap. XI. Nono, S. Hieronymus sentit Gog esse hæresiarches, Magog esse illos, qui eis credunt. Decimo, S. Augustinus, lib. XX De Civit. XI, per Gog et Magog non certas gentes, sed generaliter omnes Ecclesiæ persecutores accipit. Nam Gog, ait, hebraice idem est quod tectum, sive domus: Magog idem est quod de tecto, sive ille qui de domo. Gog ergo sunt gentes, in quibus
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Pro responsione, nota ex S. Augustino, Areta, Primasio, Ruperto, Anselmo et aliis passim, Gog et Magog futuros tempore Antichristi: unde Ezechiel ait eos fore tempore novissimo, et patet Apoc. xx, 7 et 11.
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Dic ergo prælium Gog esse prælium Antichristi contra Ecclesiam, esseque novissimam persecutionem. Ita S. Augustinus et alii.
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Secundo, Gog videtur esse ipse Antichristus, ut volunt Lyranus, Vatablus et Paulus Burgensis: vel potius primarius ejus rex, et belli dux: Magog erit exercitus ejus, quia Ezechiel semper Gog vocat principem, Magog vero vocat terram, vel gentem. Ita Cardinalis Bellarminus, lib. III De Pontif. cap. xvii, Gregorius de Valentia et alii. Gog enim sepelietur in terra Israel ad orientem maris, cum Antichristus vivus sit rapiendus ad inferos, ut ait S. Joannes Apoc. xix, in fine. Rursum Gog hic vocatur princeps Mosoch et Thubal: Antichristus autem multo plurium nationum erit princeps. Tertio, Gog dicitur a Magog, quia princeps erit gentis Magog. Hoc licet non sit certum, probabile tamen est, videturque id innuere Ezechiel hoc cap. xxxviii, 2. Huic sententiæ favet, quod etiamnum Tartari suos principes vocent Gog, ut Gog Chan, Gog Elp; pro Gog Turcæ dicunt Kiec, vel Gioc, Mogores Gio. Unde modernus Mogorum princeps, Echari filius, qui a Tamberlane directa generationis linea septimus descendit, vocatur Sciegio, q. d. Scieci Gog. Ita epistolæ Mogoricæ, et Leunclavius in Turcica Pandecte, cap. 1, ac ex iis noster Nicolaus Serarius, in Tobiæ cap. XIV, Quæst. IV. Quarto, exercitus Antichristi dicitur Magog quia constabit Scythis, Turcis, Tartaris; vel quia barbarus erit et crudelis instar Scytharum; nam Magog esse Scythas colligitur ex Genes. x, ubi filius Japhet vocatur Magog, a quo inhabitatam nominatamque Scythiam docent Josephus, lib. I Antiq. xi, et Hieronymus in Quæstionibus hebraicis in Genes. Unde et socii Gog, quos hic nominat Ezechiel, scilicet Gomer, Thogorma, Mosoch, Thubal, filii sunt vel nepotes Japhet, a quibus aliæ gentes nomen sunt sortitæ, ut Thubal sint Iberi, Thogorma Phryges, Mosoch Cappadoces. Hujus sententiæ sunt Theodorus, Dorotheus in Synopsi, Eucherius, lib. II in Gen. cap. x, et multi recentiores, qui Josephum, lib. I Antiq. cap. vi, duce sequuntur. Hi enim censent Gog et Magog Scythas esse, qui trans Caucasum montem et Mœotidem paludem, prope mare Caspium, ad Indiam usque tenduntur. Hos enim dici Magog, a Magog filio Japhet, qui eas terras primitus habitavit.
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Hinc rursum Ezechiel hoc cap. xxxviii, 15, dicit Gog et Magog venturos ex Aquilone; in Aquilone autem habitant Scythæ et Tartari: et hi fuerunt milites Tamberlanis, qui quasi alter Antichristus, innumerabili suo exercitu omnia vastavit. Dices: Apoc. xx, 7, dicitur quod Satanas seducet gentes quæ sunt super quatuor angulos terræ, Gog et Magog: ergo Gog et Magog sunt gentes ex quavis mundi plaga. Ita S. Augustinus.
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Respondeo: Sensus S. Joannis est, Satanas seducet omnes gentes, qui etiam Gog et Magog, τὸν Γὼγ καὶ τὸν Μαγώγ, id est ipsum Gog et ipsum Magog. S. Joannes enim Magog non accipit ut terram, uti facit Ezechiel, sed ut populum, vel populi principem. A terra enim Magog incolæ ejus, æque ac princeps vocabuntur pariter Magog. Hæc enim terra proprium habebit principem, minorem tamen, et, ut videtur, subditum ipsi Gog. Gog enim ab Ezechiele hoc cap. xxxviii, 2, vocatur «princeps capitis Mosoch et Thubal,» ejusque ditio primaria vocatur «terra Magog.» Videntur ergo Gog et Magog fore reges et gentes maxime feræ et fortissimæ ex septem illis regibus, qui erunt in fine mundi, quique videntes stragem trium regum, sponte se subdent Antichristo, de quibus Apoc. xvii, 12 et seq. Ita Ribera in Apoc. xx, num. 60, aut certe, ut idem ait num. 63: Sensus est, q. d. Seducet gentes multas, quæ sunt in quatuor angulis terræ: Gog, inquam, regem, et Magog. Nam cum eis veniet multitudo magna hominum ex quatuor orbis partibus; ut Persæ ab Oriente, Æthiopes ab Occidente, Libyes a Meridie, Gomer et Togorma ab Aquilone.
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Quinto, exercitus Gog et Magog venient ad Antichristum in Jerusalem, ut in ea totaque Judæa fideles et christianos deleant. Confluent enim undequaque christiani et gentiles Hierosolymam, ut audiant Eliam et Enoch in ea concionantes. Et hoc significat S. Joannes, Apoc. cap. xx, cum ait vers. 8: «Et ascenderunt (Gog et Magog) super latitudinem terræ, et circuierunt castra Sanctorum, et civitatem dilectam,» Hierosolymam scilicet. «Castra Sanctorum,» vocat receptacula et latibula Sanctorum; non enim verisimile est oppressos christianos habituros militaria castra sub Antichristo potentissimo, quibus, collatis signis cum Antichristo, totoque ejus exercitu, confligant. Unde subdit S. Joannes, quod juxta Hierosolymam de cœlo pugnabit contra Antichristianos Christus, omnesque disperdet in loco, qui inde hebraice dicetur Armageddon, Apoc. xvi, 16, q. d. Anathema excidii, id est plenum excidium.
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Addo tamen fore aliqua eorum castra, qualia habuerunt Machabæi sub Antiocho, qui fuit præcursor Gog et Antichristi. Id patebit cap. seqq., vers. 4. De Gog et Magog plura dicam cap. xxxix, in fine capitis.
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2. Pone faciem tuam (converte te, et libere vaticinare) contra Gog, terram Magog. — Syrus vertit: Pone faciem super (contra) Gog, et super terram Magog, gubernatorem (ducem, principem), et caput Mosoch et Tubel. Arabicus Antiochenus: Festina, et evi super terram, et fac ducem (gubernatorem), quia non habet principem, et Thubal. Textus hic videtur corruptus. Arabicus Alexandrinus: Pone faciem tuam ad Agog, et terram Magog, judicem Mosoch et Tebal.
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3. Principem capitis Mosoch et Thubal, — q. d. Vaticinare contra Gog; qui erit princeps et imperator regis Cappadociæ et Hispaniæ. Caput enim est rex, Mosoch est Cappadocia, Thubal Hispania, uti ex Josepho dixi, cap. xxvii, 13. Unde Hector Pintus opinatur fore, ut rex Hispaniæ subjiciatur Antichristo, ejusque exercitus ex Hispanis, æque ac ex aliis gentibus confletur. Cardinalis vero Bellarminus, lib. III De Pontif. cap. xvii, et Pineda, lib. IV De Rebus Salomon. cap. vii, putant Hispanos Occidentales, eosque qui in Peru et Americam transmigrarunt, fore in exercitu Antichristi, idque ex eo quod Apoc. cap. xx, 7, dicatur, has gentes fore «super quatuor angulos terræ.» Quanquam alii per Thubal melius nec Hispanos, nec Italos, ut vult Vatablus, sed Iberos, quasi Ibelos, qui Scythis vicini sunt, intelligant, de quibus dixi Genes. x, 2. Est enim Iberia aquilonaris regio juxta Pontum, inter Colchidem et Armeniam, quæ Caucasiis montibus circumdatur, a quibus profecti dicuntur quidam, qui in Hispaniam venerunt: unde et ipsa paulatim Iberia dicta est. Iberia enim hic vocatur Aquilonaris, qualis non est Hispania. Ita Ribera, Apocal. cap. xx, num. 61, et Maldonatus hic.
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Nota: Gog proprie erit princeps terræ, et gentis Magog: Magog autem, Mosoch et Thubal erunt tria ampla regna, sicut eorum duces et primi incolæ Magog, Mosoch et Thubal fratres erant, Gen. x, 2. Hæc ergo regna singula suos habebunt reges; sed omnium princeps et imperator erit Gog, qui proinde vocatur princeps capitis, id est princeps summus, uti vertit Chaldæus. Hinc de tribus hisce quasi de uno tantum loquitur, eumque Gog appellat nomine communi. Ita Maldonatus. Sic ergo verba textus connectenda et exponenda sunt, q. d. Pone faciem tuam contra Gog, ejusque terram Magog, contra principem, inquam, capitis Mosoch et Thubal, q. d. Pone faciem contra Gog, qui erit proprie princeps terræ Magog; sed princeps capitalis, id est imperator, erit regionum Mosoch et Thubal. Sic enim se explicat Propheta cap. seq. vers. i, dicens: «Ecce ego super te Gog principem capitis Mosoch et Thubal.» Certum ergo est ipsum Gog, non alium, ut aliqui putant, fore summum principem Mosoch et Thubal.
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4. Circumagam te, — ita et Septuaginta, idque melius quam Chaldæus, qui vertit, decipiam te; et R. David, qui vertit, conteram te. Sensus est, q. d. Ego te, o Gog! quasi equum effrenem et indomitum frenabo, ut nil facias, nulli noceas, nisi cui voluero, vel permisero. Educam te — de terra tua, tanquam equum de stabulo injecto freno, et extra terram tuam perdam te. Cædetur enim Gog cum Antichristo juxta Jerusalem, ut patet Apoc. xx, 8 et 9.
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Vestitos loricis. — Vatablus, indutos panoplia, id est omni armorum genere a capite ad pedes; gallice, de pied en cap. 6. Gomer, — id est Galatæ. Ita Josephus, I Antiq. vi; Theodoretus, Vatablus et alii.
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Thogorma. — Chaldæus et Vatablus, Germania. Scholiastes Armenios accipit, aut Cappadocas et Galatas. Melius alii Phryges accipiunt. Ita Josephus et alii. Sic et Sibylla, lib. III Oracul., varias gentes cum Gog venturas et cædendas edicit: Væ, væ tibi, Gog, et omnibus deinceps cum Magog, Marsog atque Augun: quanta tibi mala fatum affert! Multa etiam filiis Lyciorum, Mysorumque, Phrygumque, Multæ etiam Pamphyliorum gentes, Lydorumque cadent, Maurorumque, Æthiopumque, et gentium barbaræ vocis, Cappadocumque Arabumque, etc.
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7. Præpara — ad bellum. Est sarcasmus, sive hostilis irrisio, q. d. Compara te ad prælium; sed scito te in illo cædendum et periturum. Esto eis in præceptum, — præcipe, et impera tuo exercitui, duc illos quasi dux et imperator. Hebræus, Chaldæus et Septuaginta habent: Esto eis in custodiam, q. d. Frustra duces, et custodies; Deus enim cædet eos.
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THUBAL (EBR. TÙBHAL; SETTANTA ΘΟΒΈΛ)
I tre nomi sono associati ancora in Ez. 27,13 come fornitori di schiavi ai Fenici; T. e Iavan sono ricordati in Is. 66,19 come tipici popoli lontani, oltremarini; ma più spesso T. è associato a Mosoch: ambedue fanno parte dell'esercito escatologico di Gog e Magog (Ez. 38, 2,3; 39,1); se ne predice la distruzione (ibid. 32,26).
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… In contesto messianico (Is. 2, 2; Mt. 4, 1 ecc.; cf. Ez. 38, 6, 16; Dan. 10, 14: in novissimis diebus o in novissimo diorum) indica la fine dell'èra o dei tempi del Vecchio Testamento (senso etimologico di 'aḥārith) e l'inizio dell'èra messianica …
Nella Bibbia, specialmente in Ez. 38, 6, il termine G., più che un popolo o una tribù dai caratteri etnici ben definiti, indica le genti che abitavano le regioni più lontane del nord rispetto alla Palestina.
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I D. sono nominati in Is. 21, 13; Ier. 25, 23; Ez. 38, 13; 25, 13 e Ier. 49, 8. Questi ultimi due testi considerano D. come posta a mezzogiorno di Edom (v.); si tratterebbe di un'oasi che corrisponde alla posizione di quella denominata el-'Olà. …
L'ebraico Tartīš è identificato con Ταρτήσσος, il Ταρσήβον di Polibio (III, 24, 2), in Spagna: Tartesso sul Baetis o Guadalquivir (Erodoto, I, 163; IV, 152). Era una ricca colonia di Tiro (Is. 23; Ez. 27, 12), celebre per il commercio (ibid. 38, 13); vi si estrateva l'argento (Ier. 10, 9). Spesso nel Vecchio Testamento si parla di «navi di T.», navi ampie adibite per lunghe navigazioni (I Reg. 10, 22; 22, 49; Is. 2, 16; Ez. …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.