Expositions on the Book of Psalms 48
48.1 Psalm XLVIII PL 36, 543
1. The title of this Psalm is, “A song of praise, to the sons of Korah, on the second day of the week.” Concerning this what the Lord deigneth to grant receive ye like sons of the firmament. For on the second day of the week, that is, the day after the first which we call the Lord’s day, which also is called the second week-day, was made the firmament of Heaven.…The second day of the week then we ought not to understand but of the Church of Christ: but the Church of Christ in the Saints, the Church of Christ in those who are written in Heaven, the Church of Christ in those who to this world’s temptations yield not. For they are worthy of the name of “firmament.” The Church of Christ, then, in those who are strong, of whom saith the Apostle, “We that are strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak,” is called the firmament. Of this it is sung in this Psalm. Let us hear, acknowledge, associate, glory, reign. For Her called firmament, hear also in the Apostolic Epistles, “the pillar and firmament of the truth.”…
Omnia divina eloquia salubria sunt bene intelligentibus; periculosa vero his qui ea volunt ad sui cordis perversitatem detorquere, potius quam suum cor ad eorum rectitudinem corrigere. Haec est enim in hominibus magna et usitata perversitas; quia cum debeant vivere ipsi secundum voluntatem Dei, Deum volunt vivere secundum voluntatem suam: et cum ipsi nolunt corrigi, illum volunt depravari; rectum non arbitrantes quod ille vult, sed quod ipsi volunt. Solemus autem audire homines murmurantes adversus Deum, quod malis in hac vita bene sit et laborent boni: quasi ille perversus sit, et nesciat quid agat, aut omnino averterit oculos a rebus humanis; vel securitatem suam perturbari nolit, ut haec non attendat, quia cum labore ista Deus aut videat aut corrigat. Murmurant ergo homines, qui propterea volunt Deum colere ut hic illis bene sit, quando viderint eos qui Deum non colunt pollere atque florere felicitate terrena; se autem colentes Deum laborare in angustiis, in necessitatibus, in aerumna, caeterisque difficultatibus mortalitatis humanae. Contra istam vocem et contra has blasphemias murmurantium, incantat semper sermo divinus, curans a morsu serpentis. Venenati enim cordis est ista sanies, eructans in Deum putorem blasphemiae, et quod pejus est manus curantis repellens, morsum serpentis non repellens. Hoc dixi, repellit a se cor hominis verbi Dei severitatem, et admittit ad se male suadentis serpentis blanditias. Contra hos ergo cantat sermo divinus, et jam in isto psalmo loquitur nobis. Ad quem psalmum intentam ego facerem Sanctitatem Vestram, nisi ipse nos faceret omnes intentos; nec nos solos, sed totum orbem terrarum. Audite enim quemadmodum coepit.
48.2 PL 36, 543
2. “Great is the Lord, and greatly to be praised” (ver. 1).…That is, “in the city of our God, in His holy mountain.” This is the city set upon an hill, which cannot be hid: this is the candle which is not hidden under a bushel, to all known, to all proclaimed. Yet are not all men citizens thereof, but they in whom “great is the Lord, and greatly to be praised.” What then is that city: let us see whether perhaps, since it is said, “In the city of our God, in His holy mountain,” we ought not to enquire for this mountain where also we may be heard.…What then is that mountain, brethren? One is it with great care to be enquired for, with great solicitude investigated, with labour also to be occupied and ascended. But if in any part of the earth it is, what shall we do? Shall we go abroad out of our own country, that to that mountain we may arrive? Nay, then we are abroad, when in it we are not. For that is our city, if we are members of the King, who is the head of the same city.…For there was a certain corner-stone contemptible, whereat the Jews stumbled, cut out of a certain mountain without hands, that is, coming of the kingdom of the Jews without hands, because human operation went not with Mary of whom was born Christ. But if that stone, when the Jews stumbled thereat, had remained there, thou hadst not had whither to ascend. But what was done? What saith the prophecy of Daniel? What but that the stone grew, and became a great mountain? How great? So that it filled the whole face of the earth. By growing, then, and by filling the whole face of the earth, that mountain came to us. Why then seek we the mountain as though absent, and not as being present ascend to it; that in us the Lord may be “great, and greatly to be praised”?
[vers. 2.] Audite haec omnes gentes. Non ergo vos soli qui hic estis. Nam vox nostra quanta est, ut sic clamemus, ut audiant omnes gentes? Clamavit enim per Apostolos Dominus noster Jesus Christus, clamavit tot linguis quas misit; et videmus hunc psalmum qui ante non recitabatur nisi in una gente, in synagoga Judaeorum, recitari per totum orbem terrarum, per omnes Ecclesias, impletumque esse quod hic dictum est, Audite haec omnes gentes. Ad hoc solum volo intentos facere animos vestros, ne propter laborem corporalem non erigatis animum, terrente vos longitudine psalmi hujus. Si potuerit, finietur hodie: si non, restabit nobis aliquid in crastinum diem; tamen vos semper intenti estote. Tantum enim audietis, si Dominus voluerit, quantum vos non gravet, sed relevet. Audite haec, omnes gentes: unde estis et vos. Auribus percipite, omnes qui habitatis orbem. Hoc iterum videtur repetisse, quasi parum fuerit quod dixit, Audite. Quod dico, inquit, audite, auribus percipite, hoc est, nolite transeunter audire. Quid est, auribus percipite? Quod Dominus dicebat, Qui habet aures audiendi, audiat : cum omnes qui in conspectu ejus erant, utique haberent aures; quas ille aures quaerebat nisi cordis, cum diceret, Qui habet aures audiendi, audiat? Has et iste psalmus aures pulsat. Auribus percipite, omnes qui habitatis orbem. Forte et hic est aliqua distinctio. Non quidem nos coarctare debemus, sed nihil mali est etiam istam explicare sententiam. Forte aliquid distat inter id quod dixit, omnes gentes, et quod dixit, omnes qui habitatis orbem. Significantius enim fortasse voluit nos intelligere quod dixit, inhabitatis, ut gentes intelligamus omnes iniquos, habitatores autem orbis omnes, justos. Ille enim habitat qui non tenetur: nam qui tenetur, habitatur, non habitat. Quomodo ille possidet quaecumque habet, qui dominus est rerum suarum; dominus autem est, qui non est irretitus cupiditate: qui autem cupiditate tenetur, possessus est, non possessor. Habemus enim quoddam verbum habitatione signatum in Scriptura Dei, ubi ait, Elegi abjici in domo Domini, magis quam habitare in tabernaculis peccatorum . Quid enim, si abjiceris in domo Domini, non ibi habitas? Noluit significare habitationem, nisi in eis qui regunt, et tenent, et dominantur, et gubernant: qui autem contemnuntur, non quasi habitant, sed subjecti sunt. Ita autem dixit: Subditus volo esse in domo Dei, magis quam regnare in tabernaculis peccatorum. Itaque si est aliqua distinctio inter omnes gentes, et habitatores orbis, sicut est distinctio inter audite, et auribus percipite, hoc quidem videtur repetisse; sed tamen aliud est, quod sane voluit significare; quia ista eloquia audituri erant non solum peccatores et impii, sed et justi. Permixte modo audiunt omnes: sed cum ventum fuerit ad reddendam rationem, separabuntur qui sine causa audierunt, ab illis qui auribus perceperunt. Audiant ergo et peccatores: Audite haec, omnes gentes. Audiant et justi, qui non sine causa audierunt, et regunt potius terram, quam reguntur a terra: Auribus percipite, omnes qui habitatis orbem.
48.3 PL 36, 544
3. Further,…when he had said, “in the city of our God, in His holy mountain,” what added he? “Spreading abroad the joys of the whole earth, the mountains of Sion” (ver. 2). Sion is one mountain, why then “mountains”? Is it that to Sion belonged also those which came from the other side, so as to meet together on the Corner Stone, and become two walls, as it were two mountains, one of the circumcision, the other of the uncircumcision; one of the Jews, the other of the Gentiles: no longer adverse, although diverse, because from different sides, now in the corner not even diverse. “For He is our peace, who hath made both one.” The same Corner Stone “which the builders rejected, is become the Head Stone of the corner.” The mountain hath joined in itself two mountains; one house there is, and two houses; two, because coming from different sides; one, because of the Corner Stone, wherein both are joined together. Hear also this, “the mountains of Sion: the sides of the North are the city of the great King.”…See the Gentiles; “the sides of the North:” the sides of the North are joined to the city of the great King. The North is wont to be contrary to Sion: Sion forsooth is in the South, the North over against the South. Who is the North, but He who said, “I will sit in the sides of the North, I will be like the Most High”? The devil had held dominion over the ungodly, and possessed the nations serving images, adoring demons; and all whatsoever there was of human kind anywhere throughout the world, by cleaving to Him, had become North. But since He who binds the strong man, taketh away his goods, and maketh them His own goods; men delivered from infidelity and superstition of devils, believing in Christ, are fitted on to that city, have met in the corner that wall that cometh from the circumcision, and that was made the city of the great King, which had been the sides of the North. Therefore also in another Scripture is it said, “Out of the North come clouds of golden colour: great is the glory and honour of the Almighty.” For great is the glory of the physician, when from being despaired of the sick recovers. “Out of the North come clouds,” and not black clouds, not dark clouds, not lowering, but “of golden colour.” Whence but by grace illumined through Christ? See, “the sides of the North are the city of the great King.”…
[vers. 3.] Et iterum dicit: Quique terrigenae et filii hominum. Quod ait, terrigenae, ad peccatores retulit; quod ait, filii hominum, ad fideles et justos. Videtis ergo, quia servatur ista distinctio. Qui sunt ergo terrigenae? Filii terrae. Qui sunt filii terrae? Qui haereditates terrenas requirunt. Qui sunt filii hominum? Qui pertinent ad filium hominis. Aliquando jam ista distinximus Sanctitati Vestrae, et invenimus quia Adam homo erat, filius hominis non erat; Christus autem filius hominis erat, et Deus erat. Quicumque enim pertinent ad Adam, terrigenae: quicumque pertinent ad Christum, filii hominum. Omnes tamen audiant, ego nulli subtraho sermonem meum. Terrigena est, audiat propter judicium; filius hominis est, audiat propter regnum. Simul in unum dives et pauper. Iterum ipsa sunt repetita. Quod ait dives, ad terrigenas pertinet; quod ait, pauper, ad filios hominum. Divites intellige superbos, pauperes humiles. Habeat multas facultates pecuniarum; si in eis non extollitur, pauper est: non habeat aliquid, et cupiat et infletur; inter divites et reprobos eum deputat Deus. Et divites et pauperes in corde interrogat Deus, non in arca et domo. Nonne pauperes sunt qui accipiunt mandatum Apostoli dicentis Timotheo: Praecipe divitibus hujus saeculi non superbe sapere? Quomodo eos qui divites erant fecit pauperes? Tulit illis quare quaeruntur divitiae. Nemo enim vult esse dives, nisi ut infletur inter eos inter quos vivit, et superior illis videatur. Cum autem dixit, non superbe sapere, aequales eos fecit non habentibus; ut fortassis pauculis nummis mendicus plus extollatur, quam ille dives qui audit Apostolum dicentem: Praecipe divititibus hujus saeculi non superbe sapere. Unde non superbe sapere? Si faciant quod sequitur, Neque sperare in incerto divitiarum, sed in Deo vivo, qui praestat nobis omnia abundanter ad fruendum . Non dixit, qui praestat illis; sed, qui praestat nobis. Numquid ipse Paulus non habebat divitias? Habebat plane. Quas divitias? De quibus dicit alio loco Scriptura: Fideli homini mundus totus divitiarum est . Audi et ipsum confitentem: Quasi nihil habentes, et omnia possidentes . Qui vult ergo esse dives, non haereat parti, et totum possidebit: illi inhaereat qui totum creavit. Simul in unum dives et pauper. Dicit in alio psalmo; Edent pauperes, et saturabuntur. Quomodo commendavit pauperes? Edent pauperes, et saturabuntur. Quid edunt? Quod sciunt fideles. Quomodo saturabuntur? Imitando passionem Domini sui, et non sine causa accipiendo pretium suum. Edent pauperes, et saturabuntur, et laudabunt Dominum, qui requirunt eum. Divites quid? Etiam ipsi edunt. Sed quomodo edunt? Manducaverunt et adoraverunt omnes divites terrae . Non dixit, Manducaverunt, et saturati sunt; sed, Manducaverunt, et adoraverunt. Adorant quidem Deum, sed humanitatem nolunt exhibere fraternam. Manducant illi, et adorant; manducant isti, et saturantur: tamen omnes manducant. Exigitur de manducante quod manducat; non prohibeatur manducare a dispensatore, sed moneatur timere exactorem. Audiant ergo ista peccatores et justi, gentes et qui habitant orbem, terrigenae et filii hominum, simul in unum dives et pauper: non divisi, non separati. Tempus messis hoc faciet, manus ventilatoris hoc poterit . Nunc simul in unum audiant dives et pauper, simul in unum pascantur haedi et agni, donec veniat qui segreget alios ad dexteram, alios ad sinistram . Simul in unum audiant docentem, ne segregati ab invicem audiant judicantem.
48.4 PL 36, 546
4. Let the Psalm then follow, and say, “God shall be known in her houses.” Now in her “houses,” because of the mountains, because of the two walls, because of the two sons. “God shall be known in her houses,” but he commendeth grace, therefore he added, “when He shall take her up.” For what would that city have been, unless He had taken her up? Would it not immediately have fallen, unless it had such foundation? For “other foundation can no man lay than that is laid, which is Jesus Christ.” Let none then glory in his own merits; but “he that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord.”…The Lord then hath taken up this city, and is known therein, that is, His grace is known in that city: for whatever that city hath, which glorieth in the Lord, it hath not of itself. For because of this it is said, “What hast thou that thou didst not receive?”
[vers. 4.] Et quid est quod nunc audituri sunt? Os meum loquetur sapientiam, et meditatio cordis mei, intelligentiam. Et haec repetita potius, ne forte cum dixisset, os meum, intelligeres eum tibi loqui, qui in labiis haberet sapientiam. Multi enim habent in labiis et non habent in corde, de quibus dicit Scriptura: Populus iste labiis me honorat, cor autem eorum longe est a me . Quid ergo ait ille qui tibi loquitur? qui cum dixerit, Os meum loquetur sapientiam; ut intelligas quia illud quod ex ore funditur, de vena cordis emanat, intulit, Et meditatio cordis mei intelligentiam.
48.5 PL 36, 546
5. “For, lo, the kings of the earth are gathered together” (ver. 3). Behold now those sides of the North, see how they come, see how they say, “Come ye, and let us go up to the mountain of the Lord: and He will teach us His way, and we will walk in it.” “And have come together in one.” In what one, but that “corner-stone”? “They saw it, and so they marvelled” (ver. 4). After their marvelling at the miracles and glory of Christ, what followed? “They were troubled, they were moved” (ver. 5), “trembling took hold upon them.” Whence took trembling hold upon them, but from the consciousness of sins? Let them run then, king after a king; kings, let them acknowledge the King. Therefore saith He elsewhere, “Yet have I been set by Him a King upon His holy hill of Sion.”…A King then was heard of, set up in Sion, to Him were delivered possessions even to the uttermost parts of the earth. Kings behoved to fear lest they should lose the kingdom, lest the kingdom be taken from them. As wretched Herod feared, and for the Child slew the children. But fearing to lose his kingdom, he deserved not to know the King. Would that he too had adored the King with the Magi: not by ill-seeking the kingdom, slain the Innocents, and perished guilty. For as concerning him, he destroyed the Innocents: but as for Christ, even a Child, the children dying for Him did He crown. Therefore behoved kings to fear when it was said, “Yet have I been set a King by Him upon His holy hill of Sion,” and inheritance to the uttermost parts of the earth shall He give Him, who set Him up King.…Thence also this is said to them, “Understand now therefore, O ye kings; be instructed, ye judges of the earth. Serve the Lord with fear, and rejoice unto Him with trembling.” And what did they? “There pains as of a woman in travail.” What are the pains “as of a woman in travail,” but the pangs of a penitent? See the same conception of pain and travail: “Of Thy fear” (saith Isaiah) “we have conceived, we have travailed of the Spirit of salvation.” So then the kings conceived from the fear of Christ, that by travailing they brought forth salvation by believing on Him whom they had feared. “There pains as of a woman in travail:” when of travail thou hearest, expect a birth. The old man travaileth, but the new man is born.
[vers. 5.] Inclinabo in parabolam aurem meam, aperiam in psalterio propositionem meam. Quis est hic cujus meditatio cordis loquitur intelligentiam, ut non sit in sola superficie labiorum, sed hominis interiora possideat? Quis est iste qui audit, et sic loquitur? Multi enim loquuntur quod non audiunt? Qui sunt qui loquuntur quod non audiunt? Qui non faciunt quae dicunt: quales dicit Dominus Pharisaeos sedere super cathedram Moysi. Voluit tibi loqui in cathedra Moysi, per eos qui ea loquuntur, et non faciunt; et tibi securitatem Dominus voluit dare. Nolite timere, Quae dicunt, inquit, facite, quae autem faciunt nolite facere; dicunt enim, et non faciunt . Non audiunt quod dicunt. Qui vero faciunt, et sic dicunt, audiunt quod dicunt: et ideo fructuose dicunt, quia audiunt. Qui ergo dictor et non auditor est, alteri prodest, sibi non prodest. Iste ergo qui et auditor volebat esse et dictor, qui tibi loquitur, antequam diceret, Aperiam in psalterio propositionem meam, quod est jam loqui per corpus, sic enim utitur anima corpore, quomodo utitur citharista psalterio, dixit, Inclinabo in parabolam aurem meam. Antequam loquar tibi, inquit, per corpus, antequam psalterium sonet, primo ego inclinabo in parabolam aurem meam, id est, audiam quid tibi dicam. Et quare, in parabolam? Quia videmus nunc per speculum in aenigmate , sicut dicit Apostolus. Quamdiu sumus in hoc corpore, peregrinamur a Domino . Quia nondum est illa visio nostra facie ad faciem, ubi jam non sint parabolae, ubi jam non sint aenigmata et similitudines. Quidquid modo intelligimus, per aenigmata conspicimus. Aenigma est obscura parabola quae difficile intelligitur. Quantumvis excolat homo cor suum, et ad interiora intelligenda refugiat, quamdiu per corruptibilitatem carnis hujus videmus, ex parte videmus. Assumpta autem incorruptione in resurrectione mortuorum, cum apparuerit Filius hominis judicaturus vivos et mortuos, tunc videbitur Filius hominis, qui primo judicatus est, judicans, discernens malos a bonis, ponens malos a sinistris, bonos a dextris. Videbunt illum et boni et mali, sed malis dicet. Ite in ignem aeternum: bonis autem dicet, Venite benedicti Patris mei, percipite regnum. Abibunt mali in ambustionem aeternam, justi autem in vitam aeternam ; et ibi erit illa visio facie ad faciem, qua illi non sunt digni. Attendite quid dicam. Filium enim hominis sicut hic cum esset adhuc judicandus, et mali viderunt, et boni; viderunt enim Apostoli qui secuti sunt, viderunt Judaei qui crucifixerunt; sic cum venerit judicaturus, et boni illum videbunt et mali: boni, ut percipiant mercedem, quia secuti sunt; mali, ut percipiant poenam, quia crucifixerunt. Soli ergo illi damnabuntur, qui crucifixerunt? Audeo dicere, soli. Ergo nos, inquiunt peccatores hujus temporis, securi sumus. Si non animum interrogat Deus, securi estis. Quid est quod dixi? Intelligat Charitas Vestra, ne hoc dicant in judicio Dei, quia non intellexerunt. Judaei quia viderunt Christum, crucifixerunt; tu quia non vides Christum, verbo ipsius resistis. Qui verbo resistis, carnem non crucifigeres si videres? Contempsit Judaeus in ligno pendentem, contemnis tu in coelo sedentem. Ergo viderunt eum ambo genera, dum hic esset: ambo genera videbunt, et cum venerit. Filius enim hominis veniet ut judicet; quia Filius hominis venit ut judicaretur. Ideo quia Pater non est incarnatus, Pater non est passus, et per Filium hominis judicat, sicut ipse dixit in Evangelio, Pater non judicat quemquam, sed omne judicium dedit filio: secutus paulo post ait, Et dedit ei potestatem judicii faciendi, quoniam Filius hominis est . Secundum enim quod Filius Dei est, Verbum semper cum Patre; et quia semper cum Patre, cum Patre semper judicat: secundum autem quod Filius hominis est, et judicatus est, et judicaturus est. Quomodo autem visus est ab eis qui crediderunt, et ab eis qui crucifixerunt, quando judicatus est; sic videbitur, cum coeperit esse judex, et ab eis quos damnabit, et ab eis quos coronabit. Visionem autem illam divinitatis, quam promisit dilectoribus suis, quando ait, Qui diligit me, diligetur a Patre meo: et qui diligit me, mandata mea custodit, et ego diligam eum, et ostendam meipsum illi , jam impii non videbunt. Ista demonstratio quodammodo familiaris est, suis illam servat, non illam ostendit impiis. Qualis est ista visio? Qualis Christus? Aequalis Patri. Qualis est Christus? In principio erat Verbum, et Verbum erat apud Deum, et Deus erat Verbum . Huic visioni suspiramus modo, et gemimus quamdiu peregrini sumus; huic visioni in fine reddemur, hanc visionem modo in aenigmate videmus, si ergo in aenigmate videmus, inclinemus in parabolam aurem nostram, et sic aperiamus in psalterio propositionem nostram: audiamus quod dicimus, faciamus quod praecipimus.
48.6 PL 36, 547
6. “With a strong wind Thou shalt break the ships of Tarshish” (ver. 6). Briefly understood, this is, Thou shalt overthrow the pride of the nations. But where in this history is mentioned the overthrowing of the pride of the nations? Because of “the ships of Tarshish.” Learned men have enquired for Tarshish a city, that is, what city was signified by this name: and to some it has seemed that Cilicia is called Tarshish, because its metropolis is called Tarsus. Of which city was the Apostle Paul, being born in Tarsus of Cilicia. But some have understood by it Carthage, being haply sometimes so named, or in some language so signified. For in the Prophet Isaiah it is thus found: “Howl, ye ships of Carthage.” But in Ezekiel by some interpreters the word is translated Carthage, by some Tarshish: and from this diversity it can be understood that the same which was called Carthage, is called Tharsus. But it is manifest, that in the beginning of its reign Carthage flourished with ships, and so flourished, that among other nations they excelled in trafficking and navigation. For when Dido, flying from her brother, escaped to the parts of Africa, where she built Carthage, the ships which had been prepared for commerce in his country she had taken with her for her flight, the princes of the country consenting to it; and the same ships also when Carthage was built failed not in traffic. And hence that city became too proud, so that justly by its ships may be understood the pride of the nations, presuming on things uncertain, as on the breath of the winds. Now let none presume on full sails, and on the seeming fair state of this life, as of the sea. Be our foundation in Sion: there ought we to be stablished, not to be “carried about with every wind of doctrine.” Whoso then by the uncertain things of this life had been puffed up, let them be overthrown, and be all the pride of the nations subjected to Christ, who shall “with a strong wind break all the ships of Tarshish:” not of any city, but of “Tarshish.” How “with a strong wind”? With very strong fear. For so all pride feared Him that shall judge, as on Him humble to believe, lest Him exalted it should fear.
[vers. 6.] Et quid dixit? Utquid timebo in die mala? Iniquitas calcanei mei circumdabit me. Coepit obscurius, Utquid timebo, inquit, in die mala? Iniquitas calcanei mei circumdabit me. Magis ergo debet timere, si iniquitas calcanei ejus circumdabit eum. Non enim timeat, inquit, homo quod non habet in potestate devitare. Verbi gratia: qui timet mortem, quid facturus est ut non moriatur? Dicat mihi qua evadat quod debet Adam, qui natus est ex Adam. Sed cogitet quia natus est ex Adam, et secutus est Christum, et oportet eum solvere quod debet Adam, et consequi quod promisit Christus. Qui ergo timet mortem, non est qua evadat: qui autem timet damnationem quam audient impii, Ite in ignem aeternum, est qua evadat. Non ergo timeat? Utquid enim timeat? Iniquitas calcanei ipsius illum circumdatura est? Si ergo vitet iniquitatem calcanei sui, et ambulet per vias Dei, non perveniet ad diem malam: dies mala, dies novissima, non erit illi mala. Etenim dies novissima mala erit quibusdam, bona erit quibusdam. Numquid mala erit illis quibus dicetur: Venite, benedicti Patris mei, percipite regnum? Sed mala erit illis quibus dicetur: Ite in ignem aeternum . Quod si iniquitas calcanei sui circumdabit eum, utquid ergo timet in die mala? Modo cum vivunt provideant sibi, tollant iniquitatem a calcaneo suo: ambulent illam viam, ambulent per viam de qua ipse dixit, Ego sum via, et veritas, et vita : et non timeant in die mala, quia dat illis securitatem, qui factus est via. Utquid timebo in die mala? Iniquitas calcanei mei circumdabit me. Ergo vitent iniquitatem calcanei sui. In calcaneo quisque labitur. Intendat Charitas Vestra. A Deo quid dictum est serpenti? Ipsa tuum observabit caput, et tu ejus observabis calcaneum . Diabolus calcaneum tuum observat, quando labaris, ut dejiciat te. Ille observat calcaneum tuum, tu observa caput illius. Quod est caput illius? Initium malae suggestionis. Quando incipit mala suggerere, tunc repelle antequam surgat delectatio, et sequatur consensio; et tunc vitabis caput ejus, et non apprehendet ille calcaneum tuum. Quare autem Evae hoc dixit? Quia per carnem labitur homo. Eva nobis interior caro nostra est. Qui diligit, inquit, uxorem suam, seipsum diligit. Quid est, seipsum? Sequitur, et dicit: Nemo enim unquam carnem suam odio habuit . Quia ergo quomodo illum hominem Adam per Evam supplantavit , sic diabolus per carnem vult nos supplantare; praeceptum est Evae ut observet caput diaboli, quia diabolus calcaneum ipsius observat. Si ergo iniquitas calcanei circumdabit nos, utquid timemus in die mala, cum conversi ad Christum habeamus in potestate ut non faciamus iniquitatem; et non erit quod nos circumdet, et gaudebimus in die novissima, non plangemus?
48.7 PL 36, 548
7. “As we have heard, so have we seen” (ver. 7). Blessed Church! at one time thou hast heard, at another time thou hast seen. She heard in promises, seeth in performance: heard in Prophecy, seeth in the Gospel. For all things which are now fulfilled were before prophesied. Lift up thine eyes then, and stretch them over the world; see now His “inheritance even to the uttermost parts of the earth:” see now is fulfilled what was said, “All kings shall fall down before Him: all nations shall serve Him:” see fulfilled what was said, “Be Thou exalted, O God, above the heavens, and Thy glory above all the earth.” See Him whose feet and hands were pierced with nails, whose bones hanging on the tree were counted, upon whose vesture lots were cast: see reigning whom they saw hanging; see sitting in Heaven whom they despised walking on earth: see thus fulfilled, “All the ends of the earth shall remember, and turn to the Lord, and all the kindreds of the nations shall worship before Him.” Seeing all this, exclaim with joy, “As we have heard, so have we seen.” Justly the Church herself is so called out of the Gentiles.…They to whom the Prophets were not sent, first heard and understood the Prophets: they who first heard not, afterwards hearing marvelled. They remained behind to whom they were sent, carrying the books, understanding not the truth: having the tables of the Testament, and not holding the inheritance. But we,…“As we have heard, so have we seen.” And where hearest thou? where seest thou? “In the city of the Lord of Hosts, in the city of our God. God hath founded it for ever.” Let not heretics insult, divided into parties, let them not exalt themselves who say, “Lo, here is Christ, or lo, there.” Whoso saith, “Lo, here is Christ, or lo, there,” inviteth to parties. Unity God promised. The kings are gathered together in one, not dissipated through schisms. But haply that city which hath held the world, shall sometime be overthrown? Far be the thought! “God hath founded it for ever.” If then God hath founded it for ever, why fearest thou lest the firmament should fall?
[vers. 7.] Qui sunt autem quos circumdabit iniquitas calcanei? Qui confidunt in virtute sua, et in abundantia divitiarum suarum gloriantur. Ergo vitabo ista, et non iniquitas calcanei mei circumdabit me. Quid est vitare ista? Non confidamus in virtute nostra, non gloriemur in abundantia divitiarum nostrarum; sed gloriemur in eo qui nobis promisit humilibus altitudinem, et minatus est elatis damnationem; et non nos iniquitas calcanei circumdabit. Qui confidunt in virtute sua, et in abundantia divitiarum suarum gloriantur.
48.8 PL 36, 548
8. “We have received Thy mercy, O God, in the midst of Thy people” (ver. 8). Who have received, and where received? Hath not the same Thy people received Thy mercy. If Thy people hath received Thy mercy, how then, “in the midst of Thy people”? As if they who received were one party, they in the midst of whom they received another. A great mystery, but yet well known. When hence also, that is, out of these verses, hath been extracted and brought forth what ye know; it will be not ruder, but sweeter. Now forsooth all are reckoned the people of God, who carry His Sacraments, but not all belong to His Mercy. All forsooth receiving the Sacrament of the Baptism of Christ, are called Christians, but not all live worthily of that Sacrament. There are some of whom saith the Apostle, “Having a form of godliness, but denying the power thereof.” Yet on account of this form of godliness they are named among God’s people. As to the floor, until the corn is threshed, belongs not the wheat only, but the chaff. But will it also belong to the garner? In the midst then of an evil people is a good people, which hath received the Mercy of God. He liveth worthily of the Mercy of God who heareth, and holdeth, and doeth what the Apostle saith, “We beseech you that ye receive not the Grace of God in vain.” Whoso then receiveth not the Grace of God in vain, the same receiveth not only the Sacrament, but also the Mercy of God as well.…So those who have the Sacraments, and have not good manners, are both said to be of God, and not of God; are both said to be His, and to be strangers: His because of His own Sacraments, strangers because of their own vice. So also strange daughters: daughters, because of the form of godliness; strange, because of their loss of virtue. Be the lily there; let it receive the Mercy of God: hold fast the root of a good flower, be not ungrateful for soft rain coming from heaven. Be thorns ungrateful, let them grow by the showers: for the fire they grow, not for the garner. In the midst of Thy people not receiving Thy mercy, we have received Thy mercy. For “He came unto His own, and His own received Him not,” yet, in the midst of them, “as many as received Him, to them gave He power to become the sons of God.”…
[vers. 8.] Sunt qui praesumunt in amicis suis: alii praesumunt in virtute sua, alii in divitiis. Ista est praesumptio generis humani, non praesumentis in Deo. Dixit de virtute, dixit de divitiis, dicit de amicis: Frater non redimit, redimet homo? Exspectas ut homo te redimat ab ira ventura? Si te frater non redimit, homo te redempturus est? Quis est frater, qui si non redemerit, nullus homo redempturus est? Qui post resurrectionem dixit: Vade, dic fratribus meis . Frater noster voluit esse: et cum Deo dicimus, Pater noster, hoc manifestatur in nobis. Qui enim dicit Deo, Pater noster; Christo dicit, Frater. Ergo qui patrem Deum et fratrem habet Christum, non timeat in die mala. Non enim eum circumdabit iniquitas calcanei ejus; quia non praesumit de virtute sua, nec in abundantia divitiarum suarum gloriatur, nec de amicis suis potentibus se jactat. In illo ergo praesumat qui propter illum mortuus est, ut ille non in sempiternum moreretur; qui propter illum humiliatus est, ut ille exaltaretur; qui quaesivit impium, ut a fideli quaereretur. Ergo si ipse non redimit, homo redempturus est? Aliquis homo redimet, si Filius hominis non redimit? Si Christus non redimit, Adam redimet? Frater non redimit, redimet homo?
48.9 PL 36, 549
9. For when he had said, “We have received Thy mercy in the midst of Thy people,” he signified that there is a people not receiving the mercy of God, in the midst of whom some do receive the mercy of God: and then lest it should occur to men that there are so few, as to be nearly none, how did He console them in the words following? “According to Thy Name, O God, so is Thy praise unto the ends of the earth” (ver. 9). What is this? …That is, as Thou art known through all the earth, so Thou art also praised through all the earth, nor are there wanting who now praise Thee through all the earth. But they praise Thee who live well. For, “According to Thy Name, O God, so is Thy praise,” not in a part, but “unto the ends of the earth.” “Thy right hand is full of righteousness.” That is, many are they also who shall stand at Thy right hand. Not only shall they be many who shall stand at Thy left hand, but there also shall be a full heap set at Thy right hand.
[vers. 9.] Non dabit Deo depropitiationem suam, et pretium redemptionis animae suae. Ille confidit in virtute sua, et in abundantia divitiarum suarum gloriatur, qui non dabit Deo depropitiationem suam; id est placationem qua flectat Deum pro peccatis: nec pretium redemptionis animae suae, qui praesumit de virtute sua, et de amicis, et de divitiis suis. Qui sunt autem qui dant pretium redemptionis animae suae? Quibus ait Dominus: Facite vobis amicos de mammona iniquitatis, ut et ipsi recipiant vos in tabernacula aeterna . Illi dant pretium redemptionis animae suae, qui non cessant eleemosynas facere. Adeo illos quos monet per Timotheum Apostolus, noluit esse superbos, ne in abundantia divitiarum suarum gloriarentur: denique quod possidebant, noluit apud illos veterascere, sed aliquid ex eo fieri, ut esset pretium redemptionis animae eorum. Ait enim: Divitibus hujus saeculi praecipe, non superbe sapere, neque sperare in incerto divitiarum, sed in Deo vivo, qui praestat nobis omnia abundanter ad fruendum. Et quasi dicerent: Quid ergo facturi sumus de divitiis nostris? Divites sint, inquit, in operibus bonis, facile tribuant, communicent: et non illud perdituri sunt. Unde scimus? Audi quid sequitur: Thesaurizent sibi fundamentum bonum in futurum, ut apprehendant veram vitam . Sic dabunt pretium redemptionis animae suae. Et Dominus noster hoc monet: Facite vobis sacculos non veterascentes, thesaurum non deficientem in coelis, quo fur non accedit, neque tinea corrumpit . Noluit Deus ut perdas divitias tuas, sed ut locum illis mutes consilium tibi dedit. Intelligat Charitas Vestra: modo si amicus tuus intraret in domum tuam, et inveniret te in loco humido frumenta posuisse, qui forte sciret naturam corruptionis frumentorum quam tu nescires, daret tibi hujusmodi consilium, dicens: Frater, perdis quod cum magno labore collegisti; in loco humido posuisti, paucis diebus ista putrescunt. Et quid facio, frater? Leva in superiora. Audires amicum suggerentem ut frumenta levares de inferioribus ad superiora; et non audis Christum monentem ut thesaurum tuum leves de terra ad coelum, ubi non hoc tibi reddatur quod servas, sed serves terram, accipias coelum, serves mortalia, accipias sempiterna! Feneres Christum; accipiat in terra parva, ut reddat tibi in coelo multa. Verum autem illi quos circumdabit iniquitas calcanei sui, quia confidunt in virtute sua, et in abundantia divitiarum suarum gloriantur, et de amicis hominibus nihil valentibus praestare praesumunt, non dabunt Deo depropitiationem suam, et pretium redemptionis animae suae.
48.10 PL 36, 550
10. “Let mount Zion rejoice, and the daughters of Judah be glad, because of Thy judgments, O Lord” (ver. 10). O mount Zion, O daughters of Judah, ye labour now among tares, among chaff, among thorns ye labour: yet be glad because of God’s judgments. God erreth not in judgment. Live ye separate, though separate ye were not born; not vainly hath a voice gone forth from your mouth and heart, “Destroy not my soul with sinners, nor my life with bloody men.” He shall winnow with such art, carrying in His hand a fan, that not one grain of wheat shall fall into the heap of chaff prepared to be burned, nor one beard of chaff pass to the heap to be laid up in the garner. Be glad, O ye daughters of Judæa, because of the judgments of God that erreth not, and do not yet judge rashly. To you let it belong to collect, to Him let it belong to separate. But think not that the “daughters of Judah” are Jews. Judah is confession; all the sons of confession are all the sons of Judah. For “salvation is of the Jews,” is nothing else than that Christ is of the Jews. This saith also the Apostle, “He is not a Jew which is one outwardly; neither is that circumcision which is outward in the flesh: but he is a Jew which is one inwardly, and circumcision is that of the heart, in the spirit, and not in the letter, whose praise is not of men, but of God.” Be such a Jew; glory in the circumcision of the heart, though thou hast not the circumcision of the flesh. Let the daughters of Judah be glad, because of Thy judgments, O Lord.
[vers. 10.] Et quid dixit de tali homine? Et laboravit in aeternum, et vivet in finem. Labor ejus sine fine erit, vita ipsius habebit finem. Quare hoc dixit, vivet in finem? Vitam quippe non ponunt isti, nisi delicias quotidianas. Adeo multi inopes et pauperes nostri, parum firmi, et non intuentes quid illis promittat Deus pro istis laboribus, cum viderint divites in epulis quotidianis, in splendore et nitore auri et argenti, quid dicunt? Soli sunt isti, isti vere vivunt. Dicitur; jam non dicatur, et monemus; etsi dici habet, vel a paucioribus dicatur, quam diceretur si non moneremus. Nam nec nos praesumimus ita nos ista dicere ut non dicatur, sed vel a paucioribus dicatur; nam dicetur usque in finem saeculi. Parum est quia dicit eum vivere; adjungit, et dicit, tonat: Putas eum solum vivere. Vivat; finietur vita ipsius: quoniam non dat pretium redemptionis animae suae, finietur vita, labor non finietur. Laboravit in aeternum, et vivet in finem. Quomodo vivet in finem? Quomodo vivebat ille qui induebatur purpura et bysso, et epulabatur quotidie splendide; et jacentem ulcerosum ante januam, cujus ulcera canes linguebant, et desiderantem micas quae de mensa ejus cadebant, superbus et tumidus contemnebat. Quid illi profuerunt illae divitiae? Mutaverunt vices ambo: ille a janua divitis sublatus est in sinum Abrahae; ille ab epulis splendidis missus est in ignem: ille requiescebat, ille ardebat; satiabatur ille, ille sitiebat: ille laboraverat in finem, vivebat in aeternum; ille vixerat in finem, laborabat in aeternum. Et quid profuit diviti, qui quaesivit apud inferos in tormentis positus, stillari sibi guttam aquae in linguam suam de digito Lazari, dicens, Quoniam ardeo hic in hac flamma, et non illi concessum est ? Sic desideravit ille guttam de digito, quomodo ille micas de mensa divitis: sed illius labor finitus est, et illius vita finita est; labor hujus in aeternum, vita illius in aeternum. Non hic habemus vitam, qui forte hic laboramus in terra: et non sic erimus postea; erit enim vita nostra Christus in aeternum: illi autem qui hic volunt habere vitam, laborabunt in aeternum, et vivent in finem.
48.11 PL 36, 551
11. “Walk about Zion, and embrace her” (ver. 11). Be it said to them who live ill, in the midst of whom is the people, which hath received the mercy of God. In the midst of you is a people living well, “Walk about Zion.” But how? “embrace her.” Not with scandals, but with love go round about her: that so those who live well in the midst of you ye may imitate, and by imitation of them, be incorporate with Christ, whose members they are. “Walk about Zion, go round about her: speak in the towers thereof.” In the height of her bulwarks, set forth the praises thereof.
[vers. 11.] Quoniam non videbit interitum, cum viderit sapientes morientes. Iste qui laboravit in aeternum, et vivet in finem, non videbit interitum, cum viderit sapientes morientes: quid est hoc? Non intelliget quid sit interitus, quando viderit sapientes morientes. Dicit enim sibi: Iste, quia sapiens erat, et cum sapientia inhabitabat, et cum pietate Deum coluit, numquid non est mortuus? Faciam mihi ergo bene, cum vivo: nam si aliquid possent qui aliud sapiunt, non morerentur. Videt illum mori, et non videt quae sit mors. Non videbit interitum, cum videbit sapientes morientes. Quomodo Judaei viderunt Christum pendentem in cruce, et contempserunt, dicentes, Iste si Filius Dei esset, descenderet de cruce : non videntes quid sit interitus. Si viderent quid sit interitus, si viderent! Ille moriebatur temporaliter, ut revivisceret in aeternum; illi vivebant temporaliter, ut morerentur in aeternum. Sed quia illum videbant morientem, non videbant interitum, id est, non intelligebant quis esset verus interitus. Quid dicunt etiam in Sapientia? Morte turpissima condemnemus illum, erit enim respectus ex sermonibus illius; si enim est vere filius Dei, liberabit illum de manibus contrariorum : non permittet mori filium suum, si vere filius ipsius est. At ubi viderunt illum in cruce insultantes se, et illum non descendentem de cruce, dixerunt, Vere homo fuit. Dictum est: et utique poterat descendere de cruce, qui potuit de sepulcro resurgere; sed docuit nos ferre insultantes, docuit adversus linguas hominum esse patientes, bibere modo calicem amaritudinis, et postea accipere sempiternam salutem. Bibe, aeger, calicem amarum, ut sanus sis, cui non sunt sana viscera: noli trepidare, quia ne trepidares, prior bibit medicus; id est, passionis amaritudinem bibit prior Dominus. Bibit qui peccatum non habebat, qui quod in eo sanaretur non habebat. Bibe donec transeat amaritudo hujus saeculi, et veniat saeculum ubi nullum scandalum, nulla ira, nulla tabes, nulla amaritudo, nulla febris, nullus dolus, nullae inimicitiae, nulla senectus, nulla mors, nulla contentio. Labora hic, venturus ad finem; labora, ne cum non vis hic laborare, venias ad finem vitae, et nunquam venias ad finem laborum. Quoniam non videbit interitum, cum viderit sapientes morientes.
48.12 PL 36, 551
12. “Set your hearts upon her might” (ver. 12). Not that ye may have the form of godliness, deny the power thereof, but, “upon her might set your hearts. Speak ye in her towers.” What is the might of this city? Whoso would understand the might of this city, let him understand the force of love. That is a virtue which none conquereth. Love’s flame no waves of the world, no streams of temptation, extinguish. Of this it is said, “Love is strong as death.” For as when death cometh, it cannot be resisted; by whatever arts, whatever medicines, you meet it; the violence of death can none avoid who is born mortal; so against the violence of love can the world do nothing. For from the contrary the similitude is made of death; for as death is most violent to take away, so love is most violent to save. Through love many have died to the world, to live to God; by this love inflamed, the martyrs, not pretenders, not puffed up by vain-glory, not such as they of whom it is written, “Though I give my body to be burned, and have not charity, it profiteth me nothing,” but men whom truly a love of Christ and of the truth led on to this passion; what to them were the temptations of the tormentors? Greater violence had the eyes of their weeping friends, than the persecutions of enemies. For how many were held by their children, that they might not suffer? to how many did their wives fall upon their knees, that they might not be left widows? How many have their parents forbidden to die; as we know and read in the Passion of the Blessed Perpetua! All this was done; but tears, however great, and with whatever force flowing, when did they extinguish the ardour of love? This is the might of Sion, to whom elsewhere it is said, “Peace be within thy walls, and prosperity within thy palaces.”
Simul imprudens et insipiens peribunt. Quis est imprudens? Qui non sibi prospicit in futurum. Quis est insipiens? Qui non intelligit in quo malo sit. Tu vero intellige in quo malo sis modo, et prospice ut in bonis sis in posterum. Intelligendo in quo malo sis, non eris insipiens: prospiciendo tibi in futurum, non eris imprudens. Quis est qui sibi prospicit? Servus ille cui dedit Dominus suus quod erogaret, et postea dixit ei: Non potes mihi agere, redde rationem actus tui. Et ille: Quid facio? fodere non possum, mendicare confundor. Sed et de re domini sui fecit sibi amicos, qui illum reciperent, cum de actu projiceretur. Et ille fraudem fecit domino suo, ut compararet sibi amicos qui illum susciperent: tu noli timere ne fraudem facias; ipse Dominus hortatur ut facias, ipse tibi dicit, Fac tibi amicos de mammona iniquitatis . Fortassis ea quae acquisisti, de iniquitate acquisisti; aut fortasse ea ipsa est iniquitas, quia tu habes et alter non habet, tu abundas et alter eget. De ista mammona iniquitatis, de divitiis istis quas iniqui vocant divitias, fac tibi amicos et prudens eris: comparas tibi, non fraudaris. Modo enim videris perdere. Numquid perdes in thesaurario ponens? Nam pueri, fratres, unde sibi emant nescio quid simul inveniunt nummos, et ponunt in thesaurario, et non aperiunt nisi postea: numquid quia non vident quod colligunt, ideo perdiderunt? Noli timere: ponunt pueri in thesaurario, et securi sunt; ponis tu in manu Christi, et times! Esto prudens, et prospice tibi in posterum in coelo. Esto ergo prudens, imitare formicam, sicut dicit Scriptura ; reconde aestate, ne esurias in hieme: hiems est dies novissimus, dies tribulationis; hiems est dies scandalorum et amaritudinis: collige quod ibi tibi sit in posterum; si autem non facis, simul imprudens et insipiens peribis.
48.13 PL 36, 552
13. What here understand we, “Set your hearts upon her might, and distribute her houses”? That is, distinguish house from house. Do not confound. For there is a house having the form of godliness, and not having godliness; but there is a house having both form and godliness. Distribute, confound not. But then ye distribute and confound not, when ye “set your hearts upon her might;” that is, when through love ye are made spiritual. Then ye will not judge rashly, then ye will see that the evil harms not the good as long as we are in this floor. “Distribute her houses.” There can be also another understanding. The two houses, one coming of the circumcision, one of the uncircumcision, it is commanded the Apostles to distribute. For when Saul was called, and made the Apostle Paul, agreeing in unity with his fellow Apostles, he so with thorn determined, that they should go to the circumcision, he to the uncircumcision. By that dispensation of their Apostleship, they distributed the houses of the city of the great King; and meeting in the corner, divided the Gospel in dispensation, in love united it. And truly this is rather to be understood; for it followeth and showeth that it is here said to the preachers, “distribute her houses: that ye may tell it to the generation following:” that is, that even to us, who were to come after them, their dispensation of the Gospel should reach: For not for those only they laboured, with whom they lived in the earth; nor the Lord for those Apostles only to whom He deigned to show Himself alive after His Resurrection, but for us also. For to them He spake, and signified us when He spake, “Lo, I am with you alway, even to the end of the world.” Were they then to be here alway, even to the end of the world? Also He said, “Neither pray I for these alone, but for them also which shall believe on Me through their word.” Therefore He considereth us, because He suffered on account of us. Justly then it is said, “That ye may tell it to the generation following.”
Sed mortuus est ille dives, et tale illi funus factum est. Ecce quo se converterunt homines: non attendunt quam malam vitam habuerit cum viveret, sed quam pompam cum moreretur. O felix quem tanti plangunt! Iste vero sic vixit ut pauci plangant. Omnes enim deberent plangere tam male viventem. Sed pompa est funeris, excipitur sepulcro pretioso, involvitur pretiosis vestibus, sepelitur unguentis et aromatis. Deinde memoriam qualem habet! quam marmoratam! Vivitur in ipsa memoria? Ille ibi mortuus est. Ista putantes homines bona, aberraverunt a Deo, nec quaesierunt vera, et decepti sunt falsis: adeo vide quid sequitur. Ille qui non dedit pretium redemptionis animae suae, qui non intellexit interitum, quia vidit sapientes morientes, factus est imprudens et insipiens, ut simul periret. Et quomodo peribunt qui relinquent alienis divitias suas? Simul imprudens et insipiens peribunt.
48.14 PL 36, 552
14. Tell what? “For this is God, even our God” (ver. 13). The earth was seen, the earth’s Creator was not seen; the flesh was held, God in the flesh was not acknowledged. For the flesh was held by those from whom had been taken the same flesh, for of the seed of Abraham was the Virgin Mary. At the flesh they stayed, the Divinity they did not understand. O Apostles, O mighty city, preach thou on the towers, and say, “This is God, even our God.” So, even so as He was despised, as He lay a stone before the feet of the stumbling, that He might humble the hearts of the confessing; even so, “This is God, even our God.” Certainly He was seen, as was said, “Afterward did He show Himself upon earth, and conversed with men.” “This is God, even our God.” He is also Man, and who is there will know Him? “This is God, even our God.” But haply for a time as the false gods. For because they can be called gods, but cannot be so, for a time they are even called so. For what saith the Prophet, or what warneth He to be said to them? This shall ye say to them, “The gods that have not made the heavens and the earth, even they shall perish from the earth, and from those that are under the heavens.” He is not such a god: for our God is above all gods. Above all what gods? “For all the gods of the nations are idols, but the Lord made the heavens.” The same then is our God. “This is God, even our God.” For how long? “For ever and ever: He shall rule us for ever.” If He is our God, He is also our King. He protecteth us, being our God, lest we die; He ruleth us, being our King, lest we fall. But by ruling us He doth not break us; for whom He ruleth not, He breaketh. “Thou shalt rule them,” saith He, “with a rod of iron, and dash them in pieces like a potter’s vessel.” But there are whom He ruleth not; these He spareth not, as a potter’s vessel dashing them in pieces. By Him then let us wish to be ruled and delivered, “for He is our God for ever and ever, and He shall rule us for ever.”
Attendite, fratres: Et relinquent alienis divitias suas. Quasi eos posuit in maledicto, qui cum mortui fuerint, alieni possidebunt res ipsorum. Ergo felices illi qui relinquunt filios in possessione sua, quibus sui succedunt. Habuit filios, non est mortuus. Quid filii ipsius? Et ipsi servant quod eis reliquerunt parentes sui: parum est quia servant; et augent. Quibus et ipsi servant? Filiis suis, et illi filiis, et tertii filiis Quid Christo? quid animae suae? Omnia filiis. Inter filios suos quos habent in terra, computent unum fratrem quem habent in coelo: cui totum dare debebant, vel dividant cum illo. Sed tamen ait mihi aliquis: Ecce quos maledictos dixit Scriptura, quos dixit perire et relinquere alienis divitias suas; ille autem beatus qui suis relinquit. Ego discutio sensum istum, quia inclino in parabolam aurem meam; et video non frustra sic loqui Scripturam. Video enim multos iniquos mori, quibus successores sunt filii; nec potuit sic loqui Scriptura, ut separaret eos a miseria, quorum vitam improbat: et quid, putatis, intelligo, fratres, nisi quia omnes tales alienis relinquunt divitias suas? Quomodo alieni sunt filii? Iniquorum filii alieni sunt; nam invenimus quemdam extraneum propinquum factum, quia profuit. Si quis tuorum tibi nihil prodest, alienus est. Ubi invenimus nescio quem exterum propinquum factum, quia profuit? In Evangelio. Jacebat quidam vulneratus a latronibus, Dominus autem dixerat cuidam: Diliges proximum tuum tanquam teipsum. Et ille responderat: Et quis est mihi proximus? Et narravit Dominus: Homo quidam descendebat ab Jerusalem in Jericho, et incidit in latrones, qui eum vulneraverunt, et semivivum in via reliquerunt: transierunt propinqui; Judaeus enim erat, de Jerusalem descendebat Jericho: transiit sacerdos, et praeteriit; transiit Levites, et praeteriit etiam ipse; transivit quidam Samaritanus, Samaritanus nescio quis, extraneus erat; ipse ad illum accessit, inspexit miseriam ejus, et misericordia curavit vulnera, levavit in jumentum, et duxit in stabulum, commendavit stabulario. Quae in mysterio dicta sunt, et ad discutiendum nunc prolixiora videntur: tamen propter quod proposui, fratres, ait Dominus, Quis est illorum illi sauciato proximus? Respondit ille: Credo, qui cum illo fecit misericordiam. Vade, inquit, et tu fac similiter . Cui misericordiam facis, proximus tibi est. Si ergo extraneus Samaritanus faciendo misericordiam et subveniendo proximus factus est; quicumque tibi in tribulatione subvenire non possunt, alieni a te facti sunt. Jam attendamus illos divites qui male vixerunt, qui superbe egerunt, mortui sunt, et reliquerunt, non dico extraneis, filiis suis reliquerunt divitias, et filii ipsorum viam parentum suorum sequuntur: sicut illi superbi, ita et isti; sicut illi rapaces, ita et isti; ut illi avari, et isti: alieni ab illis sunt. Nam ut noveritis quia alieni sunt, subvenirent illi diviti qui ardebat in flamma successores divitiarum ipsius. Sed forte non habuit qui illi succederent, et alieni possederunt divitias ipsius? Invenimus in ipso Evangelio quia habuit: ait enim, Habeo quinque fratres . Fratres ipsius subvenire illi ardenti in flamma non potuerunt. Quid tibi diceret dives? Habeo quinque fratres: unum fratrem mihi amicum non feci, qui jacebat ante januam: illi mihi fratres subvenire non possunt qui possident divitias meas; alieni a me facti sunt. Videtis quia omnes qui male vivunt, alienis relinquunt divitias suas.