Our Lord permitting Gog, most vehemently to afflict the Church, 3. after a while wil destroy him, with al this troupes: 9. their weapons shal be burned, 11. their sepulchres infamous, the earth not fully clensed of their carcases in seuen monethes. 17. Gods people shal reioyce; 22. and al men shal know that their sinnes were the cause of their captiuitie.
1And thou, son of man, prophesy against Gog, and say: Thus saith the Lord God: Behold, I come against thee, O Gog, the chief prince of Mosoch and Thubal.Or tu, figliuolo dell'uomo, profetizza contro Gog, e dirai: Queste cose dice il Signore Dio: Eccomi a te, o Gog principe, e capo di Mosoch, e di Thubal;BVT thou sonne of man, prophecie against Gog, and thou shalt say: Thus saith our Lord God: Behold I vpon thee Gog, the prince of the head of Mosoch and Thubal.Tu autem, fili hominis, vaticinare adversum Gog, et dices: Hæc dicit Dominus Deus: / Ecce ego super te, Gog, / principem capitis Mosoch et Thubal. 2And I will turn thee round, and I will lead thee out, and will make thee go up from the northern parts: and will bring thee upon the mountains of Israel.Ed io ti aggirerò, e ti trarrò fuori, e farotti partire dalle parti di settentrione, e ti condurrò sui monti d'Israele.And I wil turne thee about, and wil reduce thee, and wil make thee ascend from the sides of the North: and wil bring thee vpon the mountaines of Israel.Et circumagam te, et educam te, / et ascendere te faciam de lateribus aquilonis, / et adducam te super montes Israël. 3And I will break thy bow in thy left hand, and I will cause thy arrows to fall out of thy right hand.E spezzerò il tuo arco nella sinistra tua mano, e farò cadere dalla tua destra le tue saette.And I wil strike thy bow in thy left hand, and thine arrowes I wil cast downe out of thy right hand.Et percutiam arcum tuum in manu sinistra tua, / et sagittas tuas de manu dextera tua dejiciam. 4Thou shalt fall upon the mountains of Israel, thou and all thy bands, and thy nations that are with thee: I have given thee to the wild beasts, to the birds, and to every fowl, and to the beasts of the earth to be devoured.Sui monti d'Israele caderai tu e tutte le tue schiere, e i tuoi popoli, che sono con te, io ti ho dato alle nere, agli uccelli, e a tutti i volatili, e alle bestie della terra, perchè ti divorino.Vpon the mountaines of Israel shalt thou fal, and al thy troupes, and thy peoples that are with thee: to the wilde beastes, to the birdes, and to euerie foule, and to the beastes of the earth haue I geuen thee to be deuoured.Super montes Israël cades tu, et omnia agmina tua, / et populi tui qui sunt tecum: / feris, avibus, omnique volatili et bestiis terræ / dedi te ad devorandum. 5Thou shalt fall upon the face of the field: for I have spoken it, saith the Lord God.Tu cadenti in mezzo del campo: Perocchè io ho parlato, dice il Signore Dio.Thou shalt fal vpon the face of the fielde: because I haue spoken, saith our Lord God.Super faciem agri cades, / quia ego locutus sum, / ait Dominus Deus.
6And I will send a fire on Magog, and on them that dwell confidently in the islands: and they shall know that I am the Lord.E scaglierò fuoco contro di Magog, e contro di quelli, che senza timore abitano le isole, e conosceran, ch'io sono il Signore.And I wil send in fire vpon Magog, and on them that dwel in the ilandes confidently: and they shal know that I am the Lord.Et immittam ignem in Magog, / et in his qui habitant in insulis confidenter: / et scient quia ego Dominus. 7And I will make my holy name known in the midst of my people Israel, and my holy name shall be profaned no more: and the Gentiles shall know that I am the Lord, the Holy One of Israel.E il santo nome mio farò conoscere in mezzo al popol mio d'Israele, e non lascerò più profanare il nome mio santo, e conosceranno le genti, ch'io sono il Signore, il Santo d'Israele.And my holie name wil I make knowen in the middes of my people Israel, and I wil pollute my holie name no more: and the Gentils shal know that I am the Lord the holie one of Israel.Et nomen sanctum meum notum faciam in medio populi mei Israël, / et non polluam nomen sanctum meum amplius: / et scient gentes quia ego Dominus, Sanctus Israël. 8Behold it cometh, and it is done, saith the Lord God: this is the day whereof I have spoken.Ecco il tempo, e la cosa è fatta, dice il Signore Dio: quest'è il giorno, del quale io parlai.Behold it cometh, and it is done, saith our Lord God: this is the day, wherof I haue spoken.Ecce venit, et factum est, / ait Dominus Deus: / hæc est dies de qua locutus sum. 9And the inhabitants shall go forth of the cities of Israel, and shall set on fire and burn the weapons, the shields, and the spears, the bows and the arrows, and the handstaves and the pikes: and they shall burn them with fire seven years.E usciranno dalle città d'Israele gli abitatori, e getteranno al fuoco, e bruceranno le armi, gli scudi, e le aste, gli archi, e le saette, e i bastoni da mano, e le picche: e gli arderanno col fuoco per sette anni.And the inhabitants shal goe forth of the cities of Israel, and shal set on fire and burne weapons, buckler, and speares, bow and arrowes, and handstaues, and polaxes: and they shal burne them with fire seuen yeares.Et egredientur habitatores de civitatibus Israël, / et succendent et comburent arma, / clypeum et hastas, arcum et sagittas, et baculos manuum et contos: / et succendent ea igni septem annis. 10And they shall not bring wood out of the countries, nor cut down out of the forests: for they shall burn the weapons with fire, and shall make a prey of them to whom they had been a prey, and they shall rob those that robbed them, saith the Lord God.E non porteranno legna dai campi, e non ne taglieranno ne' boschi; perocché faran fuoco delle armi, e goderanno la preda de' loro predatori, e le spoglie de' saccheggiatori, dice il Signore Dio.And they shal not carie trees out of the countries, nor cut downe out of the forests: because they shal burne the weapons with fire, and shal make praye of them, to whom they had bene a praye, and they shal spoile their spoilers, saith our Lord God.Et non portabunt ligna de regionibus, / neque succident de saltibus: / quoniam arma succendent igni, / et deprædabuntur eos quibus prædæ fuerant, / et diripient vastatores suos, / ait Dominus Deus.
11And it shall come to pass in that day, that I will give Gog a noted place for a sepulchre in Israel: the valley of the passengers on the east of the sea, which shall cause astonishment in them that pass by: and there shall they bury Gog, and all his multitude, and it shall be called the valley of the multitude of Gog.E in quel giorno io assegnerò a Gog per sepolcro un luogo famoso in Israele, la valle de' passeggieri all'oriente del mare, la quale farà rimanere stupefatti i passeggieri, e ivi seppelliranno Gog, e tutta la sua moltitudine; e sarà chiamata la valle delle schiere di Gog.And it shal be in that day: I wil geue Gog a renowmed place for a sepulcher in Israel: the valley of wayfaring men on the East of the sea, which shal make them that passe by, to be astonied: and they shal there burne Gog, and al his multitude, and it shal be called the valley of the multitude of Gog.Et erit in die illa: / dabo Gog locum nominatum sepulchrum in Israël, / vallem viatorum ad orientem maris, / quæ obstupescere faciet prætereuntes: / et sepelient ibi Gog, et omnem multitudinem ejus, / et vocabitur vallis multitudinis Gog. 12And the house of Israel shall bury them for seven months to cleanse the land.E la casa d'Israele li seppellirà in sette mesi, affin di purgare la terra.And the house of Israel shal burie them, that they may clense the land seuen monethes.Et sepelient eos domus Israël, / ut mundent terram septem mensibus. 13And all the people of the land shall bury him, and it shall be unto them a noted day, wherein I was glorified, saith the Lord God.E tutto il popolo del paese concorrerà a dar loro sepoltura: e sarà per lui famosa la giornata, in cui io mi sono glorificato, dice il Signore Dio.And al the people of the land shal burie him, and it shal be vnto them a renowmed day, wherin I was glorified, saith our Lord God.Sepeliet autem eum omnis populus terræ: / et erit eis nominata dies in qua glorificatus sum, / ait Dominus Deus. 14And they shall appoint men to go continually about the land, to bury and to seek out them that were remaining upon the face of the earth, that they may cleanse it: and after seven months they shall begin to seek.E deputeranno degli uomini, che girino pel paese, e seppelliscano, e cerchino que', che fosser rimasi sopra terra, affine di purificarla, e cominceranno a far ricerca dopo i sette mesi.And they shal appoint men continually going about the land, to burie and to seeke them, that were remayning vpon the face of the earth, that they may clense it: and after seuen monthes they shal begin to seeke.Et viros jugiter constituent lustrantes terram, / qui sepeliant et requirant eos qui remanserant super faciem terræ, / ut emundent eam: / post menses autem septem quærere incipient.
15And they shall go about passing through the land: and when they shall see the bone of a man, they shall set up a sign by it, till the buriers bury it in the valley, of the multitude of Gog.E gireranno, e scorreranno il paese, e quando vedranno un osso di uomo, porranno vicino ad esso un segnale, perno a tanto che i beccamorti lo seppelliscano nella valle delle schiere di Gog.And they that trauel through the land shal goe about: and when they shal see the bone of a man, they shal set vp a signe beside it, til the buriers burie it in the valley of the multitude of Gog.Et circuibunt peragrantes terram: / cumque viderint os hominis, statuent juxta illud titulum, / donec sepeliant illud pollinctores in valle multitudinis Gog. 16And the name of the city shall be Amona, and they shall cleanse the land.E il nome delle città sarà Amona: ed ei purificheranno la terra.And the name of the citie Amona, and they shal clense the land.Nomen autem civitatis Amona: / et mundabunt terram. 17And thou, O son of man, saith the Lord God, say to every fowl, and to all the birds, and to all the beasts of the field: Assemble yourselves, make haste, come together from every side to my victim, which I slay for you, a great victim upon the mountains of Israel: to eat flesh, and drink blood.A te adunque, o figliuolo dell'uomo, queste cose dice il Signore Dio: Di tu a tutti i volatili, e a tutti gli uccelli, e a tutte le bestie del campo: Raunatevi, affrettatevi, concorrete da tutte parti alla mia vittima, la quale io immolo per voi, vittima grande, sui monti d'Israele, affinchè ne mangiate la carne, e beviate il sangue.Thou therfore ô sonne of man, saith our Lord God: Say to euerie foule, and to al birdes, and to al the beastes of the filde: Come together, make hast, runne together on euerie side to my victime, which I immolate for you, the great victime vpon the mountaines of Israel: that you may eate the flesh, and drinke the bloud.Tu ergo, fili hominis, hæc dicit Dominus Deus: / Dic omni volucri, et universis avibus, / cunctisque bestiis agri: / Convenite, properate, / concurrite undique ad victimam meam / quam ego immolo vobis, / victimam grandem super montes Israël, / ut comedatis carnem, / et bibatis sanguinem. 18You shall eat the flesh of the mighty, and you shall drink the blood of the princes of the earth, of rams, and of lambs, and of he goats, and bullocks, and of all that are well fed and fat.Voi mangerete le carni dei forti, e berete il sangue de' principi della terra, degli arieti, e degli agnelli, e de' montoni, e de' tori, e degli animali di serbatoio, e di tutte le grasse bestie.The flesh of the strong shal you eate, and the bloud of the princes of the earth shal you drinke: of rammes, of lambes, and of buckgoates, and bulles, and of fed wares, and of al fat thinges.Carnes fortium comedetis, / et sanguinem principum terræ bibetis: / arietum, et agnorum, et hircorum, / taurorumque et altilium, et pinguium omnium.
19And you shall eat the fat till you be full, and shall drink blood till you be drunk of the victim which I shall slay for you.E mangerete la pinguedine a sazietà, e berete fino all'ubbriachezza il sangue della vittima, ch'io scanno per voi:And you shal eate the fatte your fil, and shal drinke bloud til you be drunke of the victime, which I shal immolate for you.Et comedetis adipem in saturitatem, / et bibetis sanguinem in ebrietatem, / de victima quam ego immolabo vobis: 20And you shall be filled at my table with horses, and mighty horsemen, and all the men of war, saith the Lord God.E alla mensa mia vi satollerete di cavalli, e di forti cavaliere e di tutti gli uomini battaglieri, dice il Signore Dio.And you shal be filled vpon my table of horse, and strong horsemen, and of al the men of warre, saith our Lord God.et saturabimini super mensam meam / de equo, et equite forti, / et de universis viris bellatoribus, / ait Dominus Deus. 21And I will set my glory among the nations: and all nations shall see my judgment that I have executed, and my hand that I have laid upon them.E farò mostra della mia gloria tralle nazioni, e le genti tutte vedranno la vendetta, che io avrò fatta, e la possanza mia esercitata contro coloro,and I wil put my glorie in the Gentils: and al nations shal see my iudgement, that I haue done, and my hand, that I haue put vpon them.Et ponam gloriam meam in gentibus: / et videbunt omnes gentes judicium meum quod fecerim, / et manum meam quam posuerim super eos. 22And the house of Israel shall know that I am the Lord their God from that day and forward.E la casa d'Israele conoscerà, ch'io sono il Signore Dio loro, da quel dì, e in appresso.And the house of Israel shal know that I am the Lord their God from that day and so forward.Et scient domus Israël quia ego Dominus Deus eorum, / a die illa et deinceps. 23And the nations shall know that the house of Israel were made captives for their iniquity, because they forsook me, and I hid my face from them: and I delivered them into the hands of their enemies, and they fell all by the sword.E conosceranno le genti come la casa d'Israele per la iniquità sua fu posta in ischiavitù, perchè ella peccò contro di me, ed io ascosi a lei la mia faccia, e gli diedi in potere de' nemici, e tutti perirono di spada.And the Gentils shal know that the house of Israel was taken in their iniquitie, for that they forsooke me, and I hid my face from them: and deliuered them into the handes of the enemies, and they fel al by the sword.Et scient gentes quoniam in iniquitate sua capta sit domus Israël, / eo quod dereliquerint me, / et absconderim faciem meam ab eis, / et tradiderim eos in manus hostium, / et ceciderint in gladio universi.
24I have dealt with them according to their uncleanness, and wickedness, and hid my face from them.Secondo la immondezza loro, e le scelleratezze io li trattai, e ascosi loro la mia faccia.According to their vncleannes, and wickednes haue I done to them, and haue hid my face from them.Juxta immunditiam eorum et scelus feci eis, / et abscondi faciem meam ab illis. 25Therefore, thus saith the Lord God: Now will I bring back the captivity of Jacob, and will have mercy on all the house of Israel and I will be jealous for my holy name.Per questo, così dice il Signore Dio, io adesso ritornerò gli schiavi di Giacobbe, e avrò pietà di tutta la casa d'Israele, e mi armerò di zelo pel mio nome santo.Therfore thus saith our Lord God: Now wil I bring backe the captiuitie of Iacob, & wil haue mercie on al the house of Israel: and I wil take on me zele for my holie name.Propterea hæc dicit Dominus Deus: / Nunc reducam captivitatem Jacob, / et miserebor omnis domus Israël, / et assumam zelum pro nomine sancto meo. 26And they shall bear their confusion, and all the transgressions wherewith they have transgressed against me, when they shall dwell in their land securely fearing no man:Ed ei porteranno la lor confusione, e tutte le prevaricazioni commesse contro di me, quando nella loro terra abiteranno tranquillamente senza paura d'alcuno:And they shal beare their confusion, and al the preuarication wherwith they preuaricated against me, when they shal dwel in their land confidently fearing no man:Et portabunt confusionem suam, / et omnem prævaricationem qua prævaricati sunt in me, / cum habitaverint in terra sua confidenter, / neminem formidantes: 27And I shall have brought them back from among the nations, and shall have gathered them together out of the lands of their enemies, and shall be sanctified in them, in the sight of many nations.E quando io gli avrò tratti di mezzo ai popoli, e dalle regioni de' loro nemici gli avrò raunati, e avrò fatta in essi conoscere la mia santità dinanzi agli occhi di moltissime genti.and I shal haue brought them backe out of the peoples, and shal haue gathered them together out of the landes of their enemies, and shal be sanctified in them, in the eyes of manie nations.et reduxero eos de populis, / et congregavero de terris inimicorum suorum, / et sanctificatus fuero in eis, / in oculis gentium plurimarum. 28And they shall know that I am the Lord their God, because I caused them to be carried away among the nations; and I have gathered them together unto their own land, and have not left any of them there.Ed ei conosceranno, che io sono il Signore, perchè li trasportai tralle genti, e li radunai nella loro terra senza lasciar colà un solo di essi.And they shal know that I am the Lord their God, for that I transported them into the nations; and haue gathered them together vpon their owne land, and haue not left any of them there.Et scient quia ego Dominus Deus eorum, / eo quod transtulerim eos in nationes, / et congregaverim eos super terram suam, / et non dereliquerim quemquam ex eis ibi.
29And I will hide my face no more from them, for I have poured out my spirit upon all the house of Israel, saith the Lord God.Ed io non asconderò ad essi il mio volto; perocché lo spirito mio ho diffuso sopra tutta la casa d'Israele, dice il Signore Dio.And I wil hide my face no more from them, because I haue powred out my spirite vpon al the house of Israel, saith our Lord God.Et non abscondam ultra faciem meam ab eis, / eo quod effuderim spiritum meum super omnem domum Israël, / ait Dominus Deus.
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Worthington
Fall. In every part some shall resist Antichrist, who shall be overpowered. (Worthington)
Cambyses died at Carmel.
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Calmet
Islands; in the naval forces, or in the places of his dominion where discord shall prevail. (Calmet)
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Eusebio † 339 d.C.
East of the Mediterranean and of Carmel, the high road from Assyria to Egypt, (Genesis 37:2.; Calmet) where the Romans had a station at Legion. (Eusebius)
Calmet
Called, or shall be, Isaias 7:14., and 60:14. (Calmet)
Haydock
Valley. Septuagint, "Gai, the grave of Gog." Protestants, "the valley of Haman-Gog," ver. 16. (Haydock)
Worthington
Antichrist will not be burnt with material fire. But Catholics shall resist him zealously, and gain the victory. (Worthington)
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Land, to prevent infection, and to comply with the law, Numbers 19:16.
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Calmet
Day. It does not occur in the calendar. Yet Comestor and [Denis] the Carthusian mentions Cambysa, the day when Bethulia was delivered, Judith 16:31. The history of Judith may perhaps relate to the defeat of this prince. The embellishments will not injure the truth. The Jews immediately after his death recommence the building of the temple, (1 Esdras iv.; Aggeus 1:14.) which they are forced to discontinue, till Hystaspes confirmed the decree of Cyrus. This was the grand object of their desires, and therefore the day when Cambyses fell was ever memorable to them. (Calmet, Diss.)
Menochius
So will that be for Christians, when Antichrist shall be no more. (Menochius)
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Calmet
Buriers. These might be foreign slaves, or Jews, who followed this employment. (Calmet)
Calmet
They would be habitually (Haydock) unclean, and their company would be carefully avoided. Those who sought after the dead remains, contracted no uncleanness. (Calmet)
39:16
Calmet
Amona. Hebrew hamon, (Haydock) means "a multitude." (Calmet)
Haydock
Septuagint, "a place for many graves:" poluandrion. (Haydock)
Calmet
So many would be buried there, that the place might justly receive such a name; though we find no such city in the neighbourhood. (Calmet)
Haydock
Rabbath, of Ammon, was sometimes so called. (Haydock)
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Calmet
Sword. I could as easily have protected them against the Chaldeans as against this prince, if their sins had not been in the way. (Calmet)
Worthington
These bring on the ruin of God's people more than the power of the enemy. (Worthington)
39:25
Israel. All who please may now return. Hystaspes was very favourable to them. He married Esther, raised Mardochai to great power, and sent Esdras into Judea with ample privileges. Many returned under him, Artazerxes, and Alexander [the Great].
Haydock
Jealous. I will restore the people to favour, and will protect them (Calmet) like a husband. (Haydock)
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39:1
Of the true sense of this obscure vision there be foure opinions: two of the Foure expositions of this vision. Iewish Rabbins, and other two of Christian Catholique Doctors. The more ancient Iewes vnderstand this vision vvholly & only of the temple and citie of Ierusalem, reedified by Zorobabel and Nehemias vvith others, after their 1. Of the temple and citie reedified after the captiuitie. captiuitie in Babylon, assisted by the Persian kinges: But this opinion can not consist with the holie text, ch. 42. v 16. describing the vtter vval of the temple in length on euerie side (being foure square. v. 20) fiue hundred reedes, euerie rede conteyning six sacred cubits (ch. 40. v 5.) which are aboue tenne foote, or two passes; & so. 500. reedes making a thousand passes, or a myle, the whole wal was foure myles in compasse. Likevvise the citie is described (oh. 48. v. 16.) to haue in length on the north quarter, foure thousand fiue hundred reedes, vvith the same length on the vvest quarter, and consequently on the east, and south, that is, nine thousand passes, or nine myles on euerie side: in al the circuite thirtie six myles. Of vvhich greatnes it is certaine the temple and citie neuer were. No not after the temple vvas augmented by Herod Ascolo•ites, vvherof Iosephus writeth. li. 15. c. 14. Antiq. Iud•icarum. Neither vvere there anie such waters issuing from the material temple, nor such trees on the bankes 2. That Messias shal build a material temple and citie. therof, bringing forth fruites euerie moneth, as are described, ch. 47. v. 1. & 12. Al vvhich, vvith other like dissonances considered, the later Iewes confessing that this prophecie is not hitherto fulfilled, say that their Messias, whom they expect, shal builde such a terrestrial citie, and temple, with al the appertinances, as are shewed in this vision. Reiecting therfore these Iewish errors, and ridiculous 3. That this prophetical vision was conditional. imaginations. Richardus de Sancto Victore, Hugo Cardinalis, Nicolaus ch. 18 v. 23. Lyranus, and some other Christian Doctors, suppose that God in dede conditionally, according to his antecedent wil, promised al these thinges, euen as the ch. 33. v. •1. letter soundeth, to the Iewes, if after their deliuerie from captiuitie, they should sincerely serue him, vvalke rightly in his wayes, and perfectly kepe his commandmentes. And that besides this supposed literal sense, al the same should more excellently be performed in the mystical temple and citie of God, our Sauiour Christ, and his Church. But for so much (say these Doctors) as the Iewes performed not that which vvas required of their part, in perfect life and due seruice of God, this vision was not fulfilled, but only in some part, according to the vertues, and merites of the better sorte of that people, by the restauration of the citie, temple and other thinges, as in the bookes of Esdras: & that lastly for their general reuolt from Christ persecuting him to death, their temple and citie were againe destroyed, the people slaine, dispersed, & reiected, except only the few reliques conuerted to Christ. In vvhom, with the multitude of Gentiles, the vvhole vision hath ful effect. This opinion albeit grounded in 4. That it cannot al be expounded according to the historie but only mystically. probabilitie, yet semeth not so certaine, nor in dede so probable, as the iudgement of S. Ierom, & S. Theodoret in their commentaries, as also of S. Gregorie in his homiles vpon Ezechiel, and of manie others, both ancient and late writers. VVho not finding hovv to applie this vision in al partes to the state of the old testament, neither that promise of such a huge great temple, and citie with the rest vvere agreable to Gods vvisdome, do only expound this vision to perteine in some partes to the Iewes reduced from temporal captiuitie, as in figure of al mankind redemed by Christ, and of his Church gathered of al nations, enriched and adorned vvith al spiritual graces, vertues, and powre. Neither yet expounding al of the militant Church, but some part of the triumphant only, as surpassing the perfectest state of this transitorie life. Vve therfore out of their large discourses shal abridge a fevv, and brief marginal notes, for some light of vnderstanding the text, and entrance into the spiritual sense, principally intended by the Holie Ghost.
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Antichrist persecuting the Church in al partes of the world, shal be resisted by some in euerie place, and at last vanquished.
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Not vvith material fire but with zele and feruour Catholiques shal resist him and finally ouercome him.
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Gods people vvere not made captiues by the povvre of their enimies, as if God could not defend them, but by his permission for punishment of their sinnes.
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sant'Ambrogio † 397 d.C. Exposition of the Christian Faith 2.16
… and the house of Israel shall overwhelm them, that the land may be cleansed.”
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san Gregorio Nazianzeno † 389 d.C. Select Orations of Saint Gregory Nazianzen 2.66
… so that, because there was no shepherd, the sheep were scattered over every plain and mountain, and became meat for all the fowls and beasts,
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et tradiderim eos in manus hostium, et ceciderint in gladio universi. 24. Juxta immunditiam eorum et scelus feci eis, et abscondi faciem meam ab illis. 25. Propterea hæc dicit Dominus Deus: Nunc reducam captivitatem Jacob, et miserebor omnis domus Israel: et assumam zelum pro nomine sancto meo. 26. Et portabunt confusionem suam, et omnem prævaricationem, qua prævaricati sunt in me, cum habitaverint in terra sua confidenter neminem formidantes: 27. et reduxero eos de populis, et congregavero de terris inimicorum suorum, et sanctificatus fuero in eis, in oculis gentium plurimarum. 28. Et scient quia ego Dominus Deus eorum, eo quod transtulerim eos in nationes, et congregaverim eos super terram suam, et non dereliquerim quemquam ex eis ibi. 29. Et non abscondam ultra faciem meam ab eis, eo quod effuderim spiritum meum super omnem domum Israel, ait Dominus Deus. 1. Supra, — contra te scilicet veniam, ut te puniam.
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Principem capitis, — id est summum principem. Aliter Vatablus, q. d. Qui es caput Mosoch, id est Cappadociæ, et Thubal, id est Italiæ. Vide cap. præced., vers. 2. 2. Circumagam te. — Vatablus, frangam, vel conteram te; Pintus, in frusta, vel scintillas redigam te.
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Educam te. — Pintus, succidam te; Chaldæus, errare faciam te; hebraice est ששאתיך scisseticha, id est sextabo te, quod exponit Pagninus, q. d. Relinquam sextam partem ex te, id est ex tuo exercitu, quia scilicet reliquas quinque interficiam. Melius R. Joseph, R. David, Vatablus et Maldonatus exponunt: sextabo te, id est sex plagis afficiam te, scilicet peste, sanguine, imbre, lapidibus grandinis, igne et sulphure, ut dixi cap. præced., vers. 22. Agit enim de pleno Gog excidio et interitu.
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3. Percutiam arcum in sinistra tua, — omnem potentiam et vires tibi auferam. Solent enim sagittarii arcum sinistra, sagittas dextra gestare. Unam speciem pro toto armorum genere ponit, q. d. Exarmabo te, excutiam arma e manibus tuis.
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4. Super montes Israel. — Hinc videtur quod contra Gog rex aliquis, vel plures principes christiani ingentem exercitum educent, et cum Gog in Judæa confligent, eumque cædent, ita ut cæsorum cadavera insepulta fiant præda avium et ferarum. Magis tamen id fiet armis Dei, quam fidelium: hoc est enim quod dicitur Apoc. xx, 9: «Et descendit ignis a Deo de cœlo, et devoravit eos.» Et Apoc. xix, 14: «Exercitus qui sunt in cœlo sequebantur eum,» Christum scilicet euntem ad bellum contra Gog. 6. Immittam ignem (fulmina et ignes de cœlo) in Magog, — id est, in regionem et terram, æque ac in exercitum regis Gog: et in insulas, scilicet subjectas, vel confœderatas Magog.
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Mystice, significat fore ut totum Antichristi regnum evertatur.
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7. Non polluam (non permittam pollui, id est profanari et blasphemari) nomen sanctum meum amplius, — ut per Gog et Antichristi victorias et impietatem hactenus pollui permisi.
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8. Ecce venit, et factum est, — q. d. Quod dico instat, et tam certo ac cito fiet, ac si jam factum esset. Nimirum mille anni apud Deum sunt, sicut dies una, II Petr. III, 8. Unde et S. Joannes, epist. I, cap. II, 18, hanc ultimam mundi ætatem vocat horam novissimam. 9. Et egredientur de civitatibus Israel, — q. d. Cæso Antichristo, Gog omnique ejus exercitu, tanta erunt cæsorum spolia, hastæ et arma, ut Judæi ex omnibus urbibus confluant, ut ea diripiant, et septem annis sat habeant ad ea comburendum, nec alio ligno e regione et sylvis egeant. Vide Apoc. xix, 17 et seq. Hinc apparet post mortem Antichristi dandos non tantum 45 dies, ut aliqui male colligunt ex Daniel. xii, 12, sed plures annos, ut ii, qui lapsi sunt sub Antichristo pœniteant, tumque post summam persecutionem erit summa Ecclesiæ pax. Ita H. Pintus, Ribera in Apoc. xx, num. 72, Lessius lib. XIII De Attribut. divinis, cap. xix, sub finem, et alii. Non enim ait Ezechiel quod Judæi comburere poterunt, sed quod comburent de facto arma exercitus Gog cæsi, per septem annos. Rursum vers. 12 et 13, ait: «Post menses septem quærere incipient» reliquias cadaverum Gog, ut eas sepeliant. Ratio est: nam, ut ait Apostolus Roman. xi, 25, tunc «omnis Israel salvus fiet:» ad hoc autem plus temporis requiritur. Adde, verisimile est tunc in Judæa rursum fundandas esse Ecclesias, et in Jerusalem tunc christiana tam Judæos quam gentiles Christum culturos, uti expresse docent Venerabilis Beda in Luca xxi, et Dionysius Carthusianus hic. Idque insinuatur Apoc. xx, 8. Lege ibi Pannonium. Denique Lyranus in I Thessal. v: «Doctores, inquit, et Sancti communiter dicunt quod, mortuo Antichristo, et falsitate ejus manifeste detecta, omnes gentes convertentur ad Christum.» Unde Sebastianus Barradius tom. III, lib. IX, cap. vii, concludit aliquot annos superfuturos esse ab Antichristi nece usque ad judicium. Deus enim Judæis, æque ac Gentibus tempus concedet ad conversionem, et ad fundationem Ecclesiarum, ut religio christiana apud eos stabiliatur. Quot autem præcise futuri sint anni, an septem, an plures, vel pauciores, non constat; præsertim cum per septem hosce annos Maldonatus et aliqui alii, non præcise septem, sed indefinite multos intelligant, ut numerus certus et definitus ponatur pro indefinito. Tantum enim per hæc omnia figurate significari putant, insignem fore stragem hostium et victoriam. Et sic sæpe alibi septenarius numerus tantum significat copiam et multitudinem. Sic ait vers. 12, «septem,» id est multis, «mensibus.» Quocirca Sibylla, lib. III Oracul., docet, post mortem Antichristi, regnaturam feminam viduam, quæ aurum, argentum, æs et ferrum in mare projiciet, tumque secuturum finem mundi et diem judicii.
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Fuit error Chiliastarum, sive Millenariorum, qui docebant quod post Antichristi persecutionem justi soli resurgerent, ut cum Christo regnarent mille annis in terra, et post hosce mille annos venturos Gog et Magog, ac bellum Ecclesiæ illaturos, atque tandem fore generalem resurrectionem et extremum judicium. Quin vero nonnulli Catholici, etsi Chiliastarum errori non subscribant, tamen quod attinet ad mille annorum designationem post mortem Antichristi, consentiunt cum Chiliastis. Inter eos est Joachimus Abbas, Ubertinus de Cassalis, Seraphinus de Fermo, Pannonius, atque aliqui alii scribentes in Apoc. xx, 6, ubi agitur de hisce mille annis. Verum hæc sententia improbabilis est, et caret fundamento, uti ostendam Apoc. xx.
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10. Neque succident de saltibus. — Ita legendum cum Romanis, et hoc significat Hebræum יחטב yaḥtab. Corrupte ergo hic legunt nonnulli succendent. 11. Locum nominatum. — Legit Hebræus מקום שם mecom scem, id est locum nominis, id est nominatum. Sic et Septuaginta. Jam male aliis punctis legunt שם scam, id est ibi, q. d. Hic locus ex strage et multitudine hominum, quæ cum illo ibidem sepelietur, erit nominatus et celebris: vocabitur enim polyandrion, sive vallis multitudinis Gog. Syrus vertit: Et vocabitur vallis (vel torrens) interitus (perditionis) Gog; Arabicus: Et vocabitur vallis perditionis Agog. Vallem viatorum ad orientem maris, — q. d. Sepelietur superbus Gog veniens ex montibus, in valle Judææ frequenti et celebri, ut a quamplurimis sepulcrum ejus videatur, nimirum in valle, quia viatores venientes ab Oriente eunt ad mare, scilicet Mortuum, vel Tiberiadis potius. Hoc enim proprie dicitur mare Judææ. Ita Chaldæus, qui vertit, ad mare Genesareth; quod alio nomine, ab urbe vicina in honorem Tiberii Cæsaris ædificata, vocatur Tiberiadis. Allegorice, hæc vallis est infernus, qua multi viatores, qui latam ineunt viam, pergunt. Hæc est ad orientem maris, quia ex ea oritur amaritudo, et in ea fons est amarissimus dolorum omnium.
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Quæ obstupescere faciet, — ob copiam sepulcrorum et sepultorum. R. David vertit: Quæ vallis obturare faciet nares prætereuntium, ob intolerabilem putorem cadaverum. 12. Ut mundent terram, — scilicet a fœtore cadaverum.
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Mystice, q. d. Laborabunt septem, id est multis mensibus, Catholici in opprimenda Antichristi et hæreticorum hæresi, ut Ecclesiam expurgent. Ita Maldonatus, licet ipse velit hunc sensum esse litteralem.
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13. Et erit eis nominata dies, in qua glorificatus sum, — cædendo scilicet tantum exercitum Gog et Antichristi. Hic ergo dies celebris erit christianis, quia simul cum eo ejus hæreses et vitia exstirpabunt et sepelient fideles et prælati.
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14. Post menses septem, — quibus cadavera sepelient, ut ait vers. 12, incipient quærere num quæ sepelienda restent. 15. Cumque viderint os hominis, statuent juxta illud titulum, — ut ex eo, quasi signo cognoscant esse os hominis, non bestiæ, illudque sepelient. Pollinctores, — id est qui curant funera, et cadavera sepeliunt: de quibus Martialis lib. X:
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Jam scrobe, jam lecto, jam pollinctore parato. 16. Nomen civitatis (juxta quam sepelietur Gog cum suis, vocabitur) Amona, — id est multitudo ejus. Septuaginta vertunt, πολυανδρείον, id est cœmeterium, vel multitudo virorum sepultorum, ait S. Hieronymus. Scilicet ab hac cæsorum multitudine vocabitur urbs vicina «Amona;» sicut vers. 11, dixit: «Vocabitur vallis multitudinis Gog.» Aliqui putant hanc urbem esse Jerusalem. Syrus vertit: Et vocabitur nomen civitatis, fortis (munita).
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Hebræum enim אמן aman (unde Amona) significat firmare, munire, confirmare: unde amen est nota confirmationis. Arabicus Antiochenus: Et vocabitur nomen civitatis, fortis (gloriosa, illustris).
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17. Victimam. — Victimam vocat Deus magnam hostium stragem, quam justitiæ suæ quasi immolavit.
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18. Taurorumque et altilium. — Hebraice, taurorum et boum Basan, id est qui in pingui regione Basan aliti, saginati et impinguati sunt. Ita Vatablus, qui per hos accipit magistratus, et eos qui aliquo publico officio functi erant in exercitu Gog. Sed hoc mysticum videtur, prius litterale.
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20. Super mensam meam. — Mensam suam vocat Deus vallem illam plenam cadaveribus Gog.
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21. Et ponam (ostentabo) gloriam meam (inter gentes) et manum; — id est potentiam et vindictam meam, qua eos cecidi.
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23. Et scient quoniam in iniquitate (propter iniquitatem suam, qua Christum occidit, capta et eversa sit) domus Israel, — id est Judæa per Titum, manseritque eversa et desolata usque ad Antichristi interitum, post quem videntes Judæi se ab eo jactante se esse Messiam delusos, omnes ad Christum convertentur. Et hoc est quod ait vers. 25: «Nunc reducam captivitatem Jacob;» licet aliqui putent, quod ibi redeat ad liberationem e captivitate Babylonica. Sed prior expositio est genuina, et communior, quam et sequitur Adrianus Finus, lib. VII Flagelli Judæorum, cap. xv. Frustra ergo hoc loco abutuntur Judæi, ut suum judaismum tueantur. Objiciunt enim Catholicis: Promittit hic Deus nobis Judæis reditum e captivitate post casum Gog et Magog: ergo tunc veniet Messias noster, qui Judæos et judaismum restituet. Respondeo negando consequentiam. Messias enim jampridem venit, et judaismum abolevit, ac novum Testamentum veteri surrogavit, uti ostendi Daniel. ix, 23, ex 70 hebdomadibus; et Jerem. xxxi, 31, ubi hoc novum Christi Testamentum promittitur; et Gen. xlix, 10, ubi Jacob prædicit Messiam venturum, cum defecerit sceptrum de Juda: hoc autem deficit sub Herode; et alibi. Ad hæc, captivitas hæc romana Judæis accidit, ob spretum et occisum ab eis Christum, uti ostendi in Daniele, loco citato; ergo ut ab ea liberentur et redeant, debent prius per pœnitentiam redire ad Deum, et ad Christum ab eo missum, fierique christiani: quod facient in fine mundi. Deus enim pœnam non aufert, nisi prius auferatur culpa, quæ ejus est causa. Quamdiu ergo Judæi in judaismo, et in odio Christi manent, manent in culpa, ac consequenter manent in sua captivitate, quam non evadent nisi, relicto judaismo, Christum et christianismum amplectantur, quod fiet post cæsum a Christo Antichristum: tunc enim reliquiæ Israel ab eo deceptæ se videntes, convertentur ad Christum, itaque salvæ fient. Et hoc est quod ait Daniel: «Et post hebdomades sexaginta duas occidetur Christus, et non erit ejus populus qui eum negaturus est. Et civitatem, et sanctuarium dissipabit populus (exercitus Titi) cum duce venturo; et finis ejus vastitas, et post finem belli statuta desolatio, etc., et in dimidio hebdomadis (qua occident Christum), deficiet hostia et sacrificium: et erit in templo abominatio desolationis: et usque ad consummationem et finem perseverabit desolatio» templi, ac consequenter et judaismi. Adde hanc libertatem fore «in novissimo annorum,» uti dicitur cap. xxxviii, 8. Erit ergo, non terrena, ut volunt Judæi, sed spiritalis et cœlestis, scilicet quæ hic inchoetur per gratiam, et mox in cœlo perficiatur per gloriam.
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25. Assumam zelum, — zelabor populi mei Judaici salutem, non propter eorum merita, sed propter me et nomen meum, ut nominer fidelis et misericors pater.
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26. Portabunt confusionem suam, — quando cogitabunt se Christum occidisse, eum contumeliis et injuriis affecisse in judaismo, jam conversi ad Christum confundentur. 27. Reduxero eos de populis, — inter quos Judæi fuerunt dispersi tum per Titum, tum per Antichristum, reducam eos ad suas sedes, et ad Judæam, tum corporalem, tum potius spiritalem, id est ad Ecclesiam Christi.
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Et sanctificatus fuero in eis, — cum sanctam meam misericordiam, uti ante justitiam, in eos ostendero et exercuero, itaque declaravero me esse Deum, cujus proprietas est esse sanctum. Quocirca Deum sanctificari in Scriptura est Deum ostendere se esse Deum: Deus enim est sanctus et sanctitas ipsa infinita et increata per essentiam. 29. Spiritum, — gratiæ, justitiæ, sanctitatis. Chaldæus, Spiritum Sanctum; Septuaginta vero furorem, scilicet quem effudi in Judæos, ob eorum scelera. Ex his duobus capitibus, et ex cap. xix Apoc. vers. 11 et seq., et cap. xx, vers. 9, hæc certo colligimus de Gog et Magog: Primo, eos fore exercitum Satanæ et Antichristi qui pugnabit contra Christum et christianos. Hoc enim est quod dicitur Apoc. xix, 19: «Et vidi bestiam (id est Antichristum), et reges terræ, et exercitus eorum (Gog et Magog) ad faciendum prælium cum illo, qui sedebat in equo (id est cum Christo, ut patet ibid. vers. 13) et cum exercitu ejus.» Et cap. xx, 7: «Solvetur Satanas, et seducet gentes, quæ sunt super quatuor angulos terræ, Gog et Magog, etc., et circuierunt castra Sanctorum.» Secundo, fore plurimos, et quasi innumerabiles. Hoc est enim quod dicitur Apoc. xx, 7: «Quorum numerus est sicut arena maris.» Rursum fore feros, et venturos ab Aquilone, ut dicitur Ezech. xxxviii, 15, idque in fine mundi. Hoc est enim quod ibidem ait Ezechiel, vers. 8: «In novissimo annorum veniet;» et S. Joannes, Apoc. xx, 7: «Post mille annos solvetur Satanas, et seducet Gog.» Tertio, Jerusalem tunc redituram ad pristinum splendorem, et regni, et fidei, ita ut in ea plurimi sint fideles et christiani: quocirca in ea regiam sibi constituet Antichristus, ibique contra eum certabunt et prædicabunt Elias et Henoch, ut patet Apoc. xi, 8, ad quorum prædicationem multi confluent Hierosolymam, ac cum eis constanter, instar Machabæorum, opponent se Antichristo, qui suo exercitu Gog et Magog eos cinget, ut disperdat juxta Jerusalem: ibique Antichristus, Gog et Magog divinitus cædentur. Hoc est enim quod dicitur Apoc. xx, 8: «Et ascenderunt (Gog et Magog) super latitudinem terræ, et circuierunt castra Sanctorum (Christianorum) et civitatem dilectam. Et descendit ignis de cœlo, et devoravit eos.» Quarto, quod Deus e cœlo pluet in exercitum Gog et Magog lapides grandinis, pestem, ignem et sulphur, quibus eum conficiet, uti expresse dicitur Ezech. xxxviii, 22. Rursum mittet in eos terræ motum horribilem, item terrorem et furorem panicum, ut se invicem mutua cæde trucident, ut ibidem dicitur vers. 21. Quinto, tantam fore stragem Gog et Magog, ut arma eorum Judæis fidelibus pro lignis ad comburendum per septennium sufficiant, utque omnes aves et feræ eorum cadaveribus se pascant. Sexto, quod ipsi cædendi et sepeliendi sunt juxta civitatem Amona, in valle multitudinis Gog, ut patet Ezech. xxxix, 11 et 16. Septimo, quod in hoc prælio cædetur ipse Antichristus, ejusque præcursor, sive pseudopropheta, ac uterque cœlitus deturbabitur ad tartara. Hoc est enim quod Apoc. xix, 19, de hac pugna dicitur: «Et apprehensa est bestia (id est Antichristus), et cum eo pseudopropheta, etc., vivi missi sunt hi duo in stagnum ignis ardentis sulphure.» Octavo, quod post cædem Antichristi, Gog et Magog, Judæi ad Christum convertentur; et christiani lapsi in persecutione Antichristi ad Christum redibunt, tumque florebunt Christi fides et religio. Hoc est enim quod dicitur hoc cap. xxxix, 25: «Nunc reducam captivitatem Jacob, et miserebor omnis domus Israel, et assumam zelum pro nomine sancto meo,» etc. Ex dictis patet, minus probabile videri, quod docet Pererius, Prologo in Apoc. disp. v, scilicet Gog et Magog fore post Antichristum; sextam enim persecutionem Ecclesiæ inferendam fore ab exercitu Antichristi: septimam vero ab Antichristi reliquiis, scilicet Gog et Magog. Scriptura enim significat ultimam fore persecutionem Antichristi, et in ea socios ei adjungit Gog et Magog. Mystice, Gog et Magog, et Antichristi præcursores fuerunt hæretici, qui Ecclesiam oppugnarunt: ac proinde similiter ac illi a Deo puniti perierunt. Arii et Arianorum ac maxime Constantii Imperatoris quantus in orthodoxos fuerit furor, tum S. Athanasius et alii, tum S. Hilarius scribens ad eum, ita enarrat: «Sacerdotes, ait, carceribus continentur, plebs in custodiam catenati ordinis constricta disponitur, virgines nudantur ad pœnam, sacrata Deo corpora publico exposita conspectui, ad fructum spectaculi et quæstionis aptantur. Cogunt nempe, non ut christiani omnes simus, sed ut ariani.» Quocirca Arius, vindice Deo, viscera sua (quibus alii in matris utero continentur, eo quod ipse in Filium Dei impius fuisset et blasphemus) in latrinis cum anima effudit. Constantius mœrore pene periit, cum a Juliano Apostata cognato suo, quem Cæsarem constituerat, imperio et vita sensim se excludi videret. Valens Arianus, magnus Homousianorum persecutor, a Gothis rebellantibus victus, et in fuga graviter saucius, tugurium forte obvium ingressus, igne ab hostibus injecto vivus est concrematus: dignum profecto accipiens temporarii incendii ab hæreticis exitum, quibus conciliarat æternum. Nam ipse Gothos antea a se debellatos fecerat Arianos. Theodoricus, Gothorum rex arianus, Symmachum patricium, et Boetium senatorem, viros catholicos et virtute præstantes gladio trucidavit; quare moriens visus est sancto cuidam eremitæ discinctus et discalceatus, vinctusque manibus inter eos duci, ac projici in vicinam Vulcani ollam, ut ab illis significaretur in æternum missus ignem, quos hic iniquissimis judiciis oppresserat, uti narrat S. Gregorius in Dialog. Totila, Gothorum rex, invasit Italiam et Siciliam, sævus nimisque, et sui in Ecclesiasticos crudelissimi undique passim vestigia relinquens: unde et Carbonium Populonii Episcopum, quod milites Catholicorum excepisset hospitio, domique a supervenientibus Gothis occultasset et conservasset, ursis immanissimis objici jussit in theatro, in quo rex ipse spectator consedit. Deinde Perusium cepit, moxque tale sævitiæ præfecto suo dedit mandatum: «Episcopo (erat is S. Herculanus) prius a vertice capitis usque ad calcaneum e cute corrigiam tolle, et tum caput amputa: omnem vero populum, qui illic repertus fuerit, gladio perimito.» Quare merito a S. Benedicto audivit: «Multa mala facis, multa mala fecisti, jam ab iniquitate conquiesce. Equidem mare transiturus es, Romam ingressurus, novem annos regnabis, decimo morieris.» Eo enim anno Narses exarchus ab Imperatore missus Gothos prælio cecidit, et Totilam interfecit. Vide S. Gregorium, III Dialog. xii et xiii, et lib. II, cap. xv. Julianus Apostata Galilæorum (ita Christianos vocabat) hostis, cœlesti telo ictus, interiit, clamans: «Vicisti, Galilæe, vicisti.» Quantas clades fidelibus intulerint Wandali ariani, eorumque rex Hunericus, videre est apud Victorem Uticensem tribus libris, quos de persecutione Wandalorum scripsit. At quis finis? Hunericus diu Sanctorum sanguine pastus, tandem a dæmone correptus, propriis se morsibus laniavit, ait Gregorius Turonensis, atque, ut auctor est Victor Uticensis, patefacto in secretioribus partibus corpore, scatens vermibus exspiravit. Constantinus, qui ex fœdato, cum baptizaretur, fonte, Copronymus est dictus, juratus B. Virginis et SS. imaginum hostis, ac monachorum exterminator, cum 33 annos in hac sævitia regnasset, ardentissimis correptus febribus, desperabundus clamabat, vivum sese adhuc igni inexstinguibili traditum esse, postulavitque ut B. Dei genitrici (quam toties blasphemiis impetierat) suus restitueretur honos.
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GIOELE (EBR. JÔ'EL « JAHWEH È DIO »)
… Il nome della valle (cf. 3, ebr. 4), dove Dio giudicherà le nazioni nemiche di Giuda, è simbolico (Iosaphat = « Jahweh giudica », cf. Ez. 39, 11 sg.). …
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… Il nome ebraico Bāfān è generalmente usato con l'articolo; fu terra celebratissima per la sua fertilità tanto che il suo nome ne divenne sinonimo e perciò i Settanta e la Volgata sostituiscono al nome proprio la traduzione « pingue »: Ps. 21, 13; 67, 16; Ez. 39, 18; Am. 4, 1.
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.