Expositions on the Book of Psalms 147

sant'Agostino d'Ippona (354–430 d.C.) · Enarrationes in Psalmos · PL 36, 67–1027

147.1 Psalm CXLVII PL 36, 1913

1. It is said to us, “Praise the Lord” (ver. 1). This is said to all nations, not to us alone. And these words, sounded forth through separate places by the Readers, each Church heareth separately; but the one same Voice of God proclaimeth unto all, that we praise Him. And as though we asked wherefore we ought to praise the Lord, behold what reason he hath brought forward: “Praise the Lord,” he saith, “for a Psalm is good.” Is this all the reward of them that praise?…The “Psalm” is praise of God. This then he saith, “Praise the Lord, for it is good to praise the Lord.” Let us not thus pass over the praise of the Lord. It is spoken, and hath passed: it is done, and we are silent: we have praised, and then rested; we have sung, and then rested. We go forth to some business which awaits us, and when other employments have found us, shall the praise of God cease in us? Not so: thy tongue praiseth but for a while, let thy life ever praise. Thus then “a Psalm is good.”

Meminit Charitas vestra de psalmo quem modo cantavimus, in hodiernum diem nos distulisse sermonem. Ipse enim erat, et die dominico lectus est, et tractandus ipse susceptus. Sed quia evangelica lectione tunc permoti, prae magnitudine timoris nostri et vestrae utilitatis immorati sumus in eo quod nobis Dominus diem novissimum commendavit, cautosque nos et vigilantes exspectare voluit adventum suum; terrens etiam exemplo, ne damnet judicio; sic futurum dicens adventum filii hominis, sicut in diebus Noe: manducabant et bibebant, emebant, vendebant, nubebant, uxores ducebant, donec introiret Noe in arcam, et venit diluvium, et perdidit omnes . Solliciti ergo et magno timore concussi (quis enim si credit, non timeat?), in eo sumus, quantum potuimus, immorati, ut de vestris moribus vitaque vestra et omnium nostrum sermo produceretur, quo possimus illum diem non solum securi exspectare, sed etiam desiderare. Si enim amamus Christum, utique adventum ejus desiderare debemus. Perversum enim est, et nescio utrum verum, quem diligis timere ne veniat; orare, «Adveniat regnum tuum» ; et timere ne exaudiaris. Unde autem timor? quia judex venturus est? Numquid injustus? numquid malevolus? numquid invidus? numquid postremo ab altero exspectans nosse causam tuam; ne forte ille quem instruxisti, vel praevaricatione te decipiat, vel minori facundia et facultate deficiens, innocentiae tuae bonum verbis demonstrare non possit? Nihil horum. Quis ergo venturus est? quare non gaudes? Quis venturus est judicare te, nisi qui venit judicari propter te? Non timeas accusatorem, de quo ipse dixit: «Princeps hujus mundi missus est foras» . Non timeas malum advocatum; ille enim tibi modo advocatus est, qui tunc judex futurus est. Ille erit, et tu, et causa tua; sermo causae tuae, testimonium conscientiae tuae. Quisquis ergo futurum judicem times, praesentem conscientiam tuam modo corrige. Parumne tibi est quod praeterita non requiret? Sine reliquo spatio temporis tunc judicabit: sed cum quanto spatio temporis modo praecipit? Tunc jam corrigi non licebit: modo quis prohibet? Hoc cum vehementer commendaremus dominico die, quia revera, quia prope hoc solum dicendum est; non parum temporis effluxit, et coacti sumus hunc psalmum susceptum ad tractandum, in hunc diem differre. Modo ipse praesto est; intendamus in eum, imo in Deum qui hos sermones per misericordiam suam in Spiritu suo dispensare dignatus est, ita ut ipse novit expedire infirmitatibus nostris. Quis enim aeger consilium medico dare audet?

147.2 PL 36, 1914

2. For a “Psalm” is a song, not any kind of song, but a song to a psaltery. A psaltery is a kind of instrument of music, like the lyre and the harp, and such kinds of instruments, which were invented for music. He therefore who singeth Psalms, not only singeth with his voice, but with a certain instrument besides, which is called a psaltery, he accompanieth his voice with his hands. Wilt thou then sing a Psalm? Let not thy voice alone sound the praises of God; but let thy works also be in harmony with thy voice.…To please then the ear, sing with thy voice; but with thy heart be not silent, with thy life be not still. Thou devisest no fraud in thy heart: thou singest a Psalm to God. When thou eatest and drinkest, sing a Psalm: not by intermingling sweet sounds suited to the ear, but by eating and drinking moderately, frugally, temperately: for thus saith the Apostle, “whether ye eat or drink, or whatever ye do, do all to the glory of God.” …If by immoderate voracity thou exceedest the due bounds of nature, and gluttest thyself in excess of wine, however great praises of God thy tongue sound, yet thy life blasphemeth Him. After food and drink thou liest down to sleep: in thy bed neither commit any pollution, nor go beyond the license given by the law of God: let thy marriage bed be kept chaste with thy wife: and if thou desire to beget children, yet let there not be unbridled sensuality of lust: in thy bed give honour to thy wife, for ye are both members of Christ, both made by Him, both renewed by His Blood: so doing thou praisest God, nor will thy praise be altogether silent. What, when sleep has come over thee? Let not an evil conscience rouse thee from rest: so doth the innocence of thy sleep praise God.…

Cum legeretur, credo aut omnes aut multos vestrum animadvertisse quod habeat aliquos versus ad quos aperiendos pulsandum est, maximeque ubi ait: «Qui dat nivem velut lanam, nebulam velut cinerem spargit: qui mittit crystallum suum velut frusta panis; in faciem frigoris ejus quis subsistet?» His enim auditis, quisquis ea accipit ad litteram, opera quidem divina cogitavit. Quis enim dat nivem, nisi Deus? et quis nebulam spargit, nisi Deus? crystallum quis durat, nisi ipse? Et habent haec tria similitudines congruas oppositas. Neque enim dissimilis est lana nivi, aut cinis nebulae, aut frusta panis candidi nitori et candori crystalli. Est enim crystallum species quaedam in modum vitri, sed candidum est. Hoc autem genus traditur ab eis qui noverunt; unde dubitare non debemus, quoniam fidelissima Scriptura testimonium dicit: traditur ergo crystallum, durata per multos annos et non resoluta nive, ita congelascere, ut resolutio non facilis sit. Nives praeteritae hiemis facile dissolvit aestas adveniens; non enim eis ad confirmandam duritiam accessit annositas. Ubi autem nives multae per annos multos super invicem missae fuerint, et copia sua violentiam aestatis evicerint, non aestatis unius, sed multarum, praesertim in his terrae partibus, id est in aquilonia plaga, ubi nec aestate sol perferventissimus invenitur; ipsa diuturna et annosa duritia reddit hanc speciem quae crystallum dicitur. Intendat Charitas vestra. Quid est ergo crystallum? Nix est glacie durata per multos annos, ita ut a sole vel igne facile dissolvi non possit. Hoc propterea aliquanto diutius exposuimus, quia multi ignorant: nec illi qui hoc forte norunt, de re quam noverunt onerosum debent habere sermonem, adhibitum non propter se, sed propter eos qui non noverunt. Haec ergo cum audistis personante Lectore, non dubito vos diversa cogitasse; dixisse aliquos, et verum dixisse, Magna opera Domini, unde particula quaedam commemorata est, et ipsa terrena, et prope omnibus annis nota, quomodo ningat Deus, quomodo nebulam spargat, quomodo etiam crystallum solidet: alios dixisse sibi, Putasne sine causa ista in Scripturis posita sunt, aut vere hoc totum habent quod sonant? non nobis aliquid innuit nix ista et lana, nebula et cinis, crystallum et panis? Sed quare sic Scriptura loqui voluit, per quasdam quasi caligines similitudinum? quanto melius apertius loqueretur? Quare vel quaero vel haesito, quid sibi illa verba exigant? quare in audiendo vel laboro? quare plerumque audito psalmo indoctus abscedo? Hoc est quod paulo ante dixi: Patere te curari; ita sanandus es. Multum superbus et praeceps est aeger qui et medicum monere audet, etiam hominem. Consiliumne audebit dare aeger medico? Ubi homo aegrotat, et Deus curat, magnum pietatis et sanitatis initium est, antequam scias quare quid dictum sit, credere ita dici debuisse ut dictum est. Haec enim pietas facie te capacem ut quaeras quod dictum est, et cum quaesieris invenias, et cum inveneris gaudeas. Adsit ergo nobis apud Dominum Deum nostrum iste affectus precum vestrarum; et si non propter nos, certe propter vos donare dignetur quod hic absconditum latet. Modo ergo putate nos, quoniam cujusdam spectaculi et editionis divinae diem promisimus, pronuntiatis his versibus et nondum expositis, involutas quasdam Editoris nostri sarcinas protulisse. Utique ad hoc involutae proferuntur, ut evolutae exspectentur: vos autem non tantum intueri, sed et vestiri paramini.

147.3 PL 36, 1915

3. “Let praises be pleasant to our God.” How? If He be praised by our good lives. Hear that then praise will be pleasant to Him. In another place it is said, “Praise is not seemly in the mouth of a sinner.” If then in the mouth of a sinner praise is not seemly, neither is it pleasant, for that only is pleasant which is seemly.…For praise may be pleasant to a man, when he heareth one praising with neat and clever sentiments, and with a sweet voice; but “let praise be pleasant to our God,” whose ears are open not to the mouth, but to the heart; not to the tongue, but to the life of him that praiseth.

Dixeramus autem die dominico, si meminit Charitas vestra, qui adfuistis, ipsam evangelicam lectionem, quae nos diutius tenuit, ut Psalmi expositio differretur, congruam lectam fuisse eidem psalmo. Hoc tunc diximus, sed ostendere non valuimus, quia Psalmum distulimus. Hodie itaque demonstranda est et ipsa congruentia. In evangelica illa lectione territi sumus de die novissimo. Terror ille securitatem parturit; territi enim praecavemus, praecaventes securi erimus. Quomodo enim praepostera securitas in terrores impellit, ita ordinata sollicitudo securitatem parit. Territi autem sumus, ne praesentem vitam deficientem, volaticam, transitoriam, sic amemus, quasi alia nulla sit: si enim alia nulla est, amemus hanc. Si alia vita nulla est, feliciores nobis sunt qui ad amphitheatrum hodie vigilarunt. Quid enim ait Apostolus? «Si in hac vita tantum in Christo sperantes sumus, miserabiliores sumus omnibus hominibus» . Est ergo alia vita. Interroget quisque Christum in fide sua: sed dormit fides. Merito fluctuas, quia Christus dormit in navi. Jesus enim dormiebat in navi, et navis fluctuabat in aquis et tempestatibus multis . Fluctuat ergo cor, quando Christus dormit. Christus semper vigilat: quid est ergo, Christus dormit? Fides tua dormit. Quid adhuc dubitationis tempestate jactaris? Excita Christum, excita fidem tuam: conspice oculis fidei vitam futuram, propter quam credidisti, propter quam signo ejus signaris, qui propterea duxit hanc vitam, ut tibi ostenderet quam sit contemnenda quam diligebas, et quam sit speranda quam non credebas. Si ergo fidem excitaveris, et oculos ejus in novissima miseris, futurumque saeculum in quo gaudebimus post alterum Domini adventum, post judicium peractum, post traditum sanctis regnum coelorum, si illam vitam cogitaveris, et illius vitae negotium otiosum, de quo saepe locuti sumus, charissimi; non fluctuabit negotium nostrum, otiosum negotium plenum solius dulcedinis, nulla interpellatum molestia, nulla fatigatione sauciatum, nulla nube perturbatum. Negotium nostrum quod erit? Laudare Deum amare et laudare; laudare in amore, amare in laudibus. «Beati qui habitant in domo tua; in saecula saeculorum laudabunt te» . Quare, nisi quia in saecula saeculorum amabunt te? Quare, nisi quia in saecula saeculorum videbunt te? Hoc ergo, fratres mei, quale spectaculum erit in visione Dei? Vident homines venatorem, et delectantur: vae miseris, si non se correxerint! Qui enim vident venatorem, et delectantur, videbunt Salvatorem, et contristabuntur. Quid illis miserius, quibus Salvator saluti non erit? Non ergo mirum quia illis quibus voluptati est homo pugnans, non erit saluti Deus liberans. Nos autem, fratres, si nos in ejus membris meminimus, si concupiscimus, si perseveramus, videbimus et gaudebimus. Erit illa civitas purgatis omnibus civibus suis, nullo admixto seditioso aut turbulento: inimicus ille qui modo invidet, ne ad illam patriam veniamus, illic cuiquam insidiari non potest; quia nec esse ibi permittitur. Si enim modo excluditur de corde credentium, quomodo excludetur de civitate viventium? Quid erit, fratres, quid erit, rogo vos, esse in illa civitate, de qua loqui tantum gaudium est? Huic futurae vitae corda praeparare debemus: quisquis ei cor praeparaverit, totam istam contemnit; contempta ista securum facit exspectare diem de quo exspectando Dominus terruit.

147.4 PL 36, 1916

4. Who is “our God,” that praise should be pleasant to Him? He maketh Himself sweet to us, He commendeth Himself to us; thanks to His condescension.…“But God commendeth His love to us”…“in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us.”…Let us see whether it be the commendation which the Apostle speaketh of, that Christ died for the sinners and ungodly: “the Lord who buildeth up Jerusalem, and gathereth the dispersions of Israel” (ver. 2). For the people of Jerusalem are the people of Israel. It is Jerusalem “eternal in the heavens,” whereof the Angels are citizens also.…All the citizens then of that city, through “seeing God,” rejoice in that great and wide and heavenly city; they gaze upon God Himself. But we are wanderers from that city, driven out by sin, that we should not remain there; weighed down by mortality, that we should not return thither. God looked back on our wandering, and He who “buildeth up Jerusalem,” restored the part that had fallen. How restored He the part that had fallen?…He sent then to our captive estate His Son as a Redeemer. Take with Thee, said He, a bag, bear therein the price of the captives. For He put on Him our mortal flesh, and therein was the Blood, by the shedding of which we were to be redeemed. With that Blood He “gathered the dispersions of Israel.” And if He gathered them that before were dispersed, how must we strive that they be gathered who now are dispersed? If the dispersed have been gathered, that in the Hand of the Builder they might be fashioned into the building, how should they be gathered who through disquiet have fallen from the Hand of the Builder? Behold whom we praise; behold to whom we owe praise all our life long.

Cum ergo psalmus iste dicat nobis et cantet de illa vita futura, Evangelium autem terruerit de praesenti; Psalmus facit amorem futurae, Evangelium facit timorem praesentis. Nec de futura delectatione tacetur in litteris Novi Testamenti, et multo magis in eis, ubi non tanquam cum involucris quibusdam proferuntur illa quae intelligenda sunt; sed ibi videntur aperta, ut hic intelligantur obscura. Cum ergo diceret nobis Evangelium, Observate diem novissimum venturum, diem adventus Filii hominis; quia illos male inventurus est, qui modo securi sunt, ideo quia perverse securi sunt; securi sunt enim in voluptatibus saeculi, cum deberent esse securi domitis cupiditatibus saeculi: jam utique illi vitae nos praeparavit Apostolus, in verbis quae tunc etiam commemoravi, «De caetero, fratres, tempus breve est: reliquum est ut qui habent uxores, tanquam non habentes sint; et qui emunt, tanquam non ementes; et qui gaudent, tanquam non gaudentes; et qui flent, tanquam non flentes: et qui utuntur hoc mundo, tanquam non utentes sint: praeterit enim figura hujus mundi. Volo vos sine sollicitudine esse» . Qui gaudium totum suum totamque felicitatem suam constituit in manducando, bibendo, uxorem ducendo, emendo, vendendo, utendo mundo isto, sine sollicitudine est et talis - sed praeter arcam: vae illi a diluvio. Quisquis autem, sive manducat, sive bibit, sive aliquid agit, omnia in gloriam Dei facit : et si aliqua tristitia est de rebus saecularibus, sic flet, ut intus in spe gaudeat; et si aliqua laetitia est in rebus saecularibus, sic gaudet, ut intus spiritualiter timeat, nec donet se corrumpendum felicitati, nec se det adversitati frangendum (hoc est enim flere tanquam non flentem, et gaudere tanquam non gaudentem): quisquis et si habet uxorem, ejus infirmitati compatiens, reddit, non exigit debitum; aut si propter propriam infirmitatem ducit uxorem, plangens potius quia sine uxore esse non potuit, quam gaudens quia duxit: quisquis vendit quod novit quia etsi maneret, beatum non faceret; quisquis quod emit, novit quia transiet; et de his omnibus etsi abundantibus, etsi circumfluentibus non praesumit, facitque ex eo quod habet, misericordiam cum eo qui non habet, ut et ipse accipiat quod non habet, ab illo qui omnia habet: quisquis talis est, securus exspectat diem novissimum, quia non est praeter arcam; jam inter ligna imputribilia computatur, ex quibus arca fabricatur . Non ergo timeat venturum Dominum; sed speret, et desideret: non enim veniet illi ad inferendas poenas, sed ad finiendas molestias. Hoc autem fit desiderio illius civitatis. Quod ergo monuit Evangelium, impletur ejus civitatis desiderio, quam Psalmus cantat: ita congruit Evangelium huic cantico.

147.5 PL 36, 1917

5. How doth He gather? What doeth He in order to gather? “Who healeth the bruised in heart” (ver. 3). Behold the way in which the dispersions of Israel are gathered, by the healing of the bruised in heart. They who are not of a bruised heart, are not healed. What is to bruise the heart? Let it be known, brethren, let it be done, that ye may be able to be healed. For it is told in many other places of Scripture;…“the sacrifice of God is a troubled spirit, a bruised and contrite heart God will not despise.” He healeth then the bruised in heart, for He draweth nigh unto them to heal them; as is said in another place, “the Lord is nigh unto them who have bruised their heart.” Who are they that have “bruised their heart”? The humble. Who are they that have not “bruised their heart”? The proud. The bruised heart shall be healed, the puffed up heart shall be dashed down. For for this purpose perhaps is it dashed down, that being bruised it may be healed. Let not our heart then, brethren, desire to be set upright, before it be upright. It is ill for that to be uplifted which is not first corrected.…

Et quam civitatem psalmus iste cantat, audiamus. Audiamus, et cantemus; gaudium nostrum, cum hoc audimus, canticum Dei nostri est. Non enim tantum cantamus, quando voce et labiis sonamus canticum; est et canticum intus, quia sunt et aures cujusdam intus. Voce cantamus, ut nos excitemus; corde cantamus, ut illi placeamus. «Aggaei et Zachariae» Psalmus dicitur. Aggaeus et Zacharias prophetae fuerunt. Erant autem prophetae isti jam in captivitate Jerusalem illius, quae in terra portavit umbram cujusdam coelestis. In illius ergo civitatis captivitate cum essent in Babylonia, prophetaverunt prophetae isti reparationem Jerusalem, prophetaverunt civitatem novam ex reparatione veteris, liberato populo a captivitate (I Esdrae V, 1; et VI, 14). Agnoscimus et istam captivitatem, si vere agnoscimus nostram peregrinationem. In hoc enim mundo, in his tribulationibus saeculi, in hac turba multiplici scandalorum, quodam modo in captivitate gemimus; sed erigemur: praenuntiatur civitas nostra nova futura aequalis. Nam et post istorum prophetationem, et visibiliter contigit, ut totum explicaretur quod ad persolvendam imaginem pertinebat. Reparata est Jerusalem post septuaginta annos captivitatis. Sic Jeremias propheta septuaginta annis, septenario illo numero omnem volubilitatem hujus temporis signat: septenario enim numero volvuntur dies hi, sicut nostis; iidem abeunt, iidem redeunt. Post septuaginta ergo annos, cum prophetavit Jeremias reparari civitatem Jerusalem , factum est, ut et ibi significaretur imago futurorum: significatum est nobis post omnem istam volubilitatem temporis, quae septenario numero volvitur, futuram illam civitatem nostram jam in aeternitate in uno die. In illa quippe habitatione tempus non volvitur, quia habitator ibi non labitur. Hanc cum viderent in spiritu Prophetae; videbant illam, dicebant de ista. Sed haec dicebant de ista, quae in illam ducerent; et illa omnia quae fiebant secundum tempus, secundum corporales motiones, secundum actus hominum, signa erant et praenuntiationes futurorum.

147.6 PL 36, 1918

6. What are the means whereby He “bindeth up their bruises”? Just as physicians bind up fractures. For sometimes (observe this, beloved; it is well known to those who have observed it, or have heard it from physicians), sometimes when limbs are sound, but are crooked and distorted, physicians break them in order to set them straight, and make a new wound, because the soundness which was distorted was amiss.…

[«vers.» 12.] Audiamus jam cantari civitatem illam, et erigamur ad eam. Multum enim nobis eam commendat Spiritus Dei, infundens nobis amorem illius, ut ei suspiremus, et in peregrinatione ingemiscamus, et ad illam venire desideremus. Amemus illam, et ipsum amare ambulare est. Ecce amemus illam ex ore sancto, ex ore prophetico et Dei Spiritu dicentis: «Collauda, Jerusalem, Dominum.» In captivitate adhuc constituti, vident illos greges, imo unum gregem omnium civium, undique collectorum ad illam civitatem; vident gaudium massae, post trituras, post ventilationes jam missae in horreum, nihil timentis, nihil laboris et molestiae patientis; et adhuc hic positi, et in ipsa contritione conversantes praemittunt gaudium spei, et anhelant in illam, quasi conjungentes corda suo Angelis Dei, et futuro illi populo secum in gaudio permansuro. «Callauda, Jerusalem, Dominum.» Quid enim factura es, o Jerusalem? Transiet certe et labor et gemitus. Quid factura es? aratura, seminatura, novellatura, navigatura es, negotiatura es? Quid factura es? An in illis operibus, quamvis bonis et de misericordia venientibus, exerceri te adhuc oportet? Considera numerum tuum, considera undique societatem tuam: vide utrum aliquis esuriat, cui porrigas panem; vide si aliquis sitiat, cui des calicem aquae frigidae; vide utrum aliquis modo apud te peregrinus est, quem hospitio recipias; vide utrum aliquis sit aeger, quem visites; vide utrum aliquis litiget, quem concordes ; vide utrum aliquis moriatur, quem sepelias. Quid ergo factura es? «Collauda, Jerusalem, Dominum;» ecce hoc est negotium tuum. Sicut solet in titulis scribi, Utere felix: «Collauda, Jerusalem, Dominum.»

147.7 PL 36, 1918

7. What are these means whereby He bindeth? The sacraments of this present life, whereby in the mean time we obtain our comfort: and all the words we speak to you, words which sound and pass away, all that is done in the Church in this present time, are the means whereby “He bindeth up our bruises.” For just as, when the limb has become perfectly sound, the physician taketh off the bandage; so in our own city Jerusalem, when we shall have been made equal to the Angels, think ye that we shall receive there, what we have received here? Will it be needful then that the Gospel be read to us, that our faith may abide? or that hands be laid upon us by any Bishop? All these are means of binding up fractures; when we have attained perfect soundness, they will be taken off; but we should never attain it, if they were not bound up.

Estote Jerusalem: mementote de quibus dictum est, «Domine, in civitate tua imaginem ipsorum ad nihilum rediges» . Hi sunt qui modo gaudent talibus pompis: inter illos sunt qui propterea hodie non venerunt, quia munus est. Cui munus est? cui damnum? Aut unde munus? aut unde damnum? Non enim illi tantum qui talia edunt, damno feriuntur; sed majori damno percutiuntur, qui talia libenter intuentur. Illorum arca auro exinanitur; istorum pectus justitiae divitiis exspoliatur. Plangunt plerique editores, vendentes villas suas: quomodo debent plangere peccatores, perdentes animas suas! Itane ad hoc clamavit Dominus dominico die, «Vigilate,» ut hodie sic vigilaretur? Obsecro vos, o cives Jerusalem. adjuro vos per pacem Jerusalem, per redemptorem, per structorem, per rectorem Jerusalem, ut convertatis pro illis preces ad Deum. Videant, sentiant quia nugantur; et multum intenti in illa spectacula quae illis placent, aliquando et se spectent, sibique displiceant. In multis enim jam factum gaudemus; et aliquando nos quoque ibi sedimus, et insanivimus: et quam multos putamus ibi nunc sedere, futuros non solum christianos, sed etiam episcopos? Ex praeteritis futura conjicimus; ex his quae jam facta sunt, quae Deus facturus est praenuntiamus. Vigilent preces vestrae; non gratis gemitis, fratres. Prorsus illi qui evaserunt, deprecantes pro his qui periclitantur, quia et ipsi fuerunt in numero periclitantium, exaudiuntur; et abstrahet Deus a captivitate Babyloniae plebem suam, redimet omnino et eruet, et perficietur numerus sanctorum gestantium imaginem Dei. Non ibi erunt, quorum imaginem Deus in civitate sua spernet, et ad nihilum rediget; quia et ipsi in civitate sua, hoc est Babylonia, imaginem ejus ad nihilum redegerunt. Erit ille populus laudans Dominum, quem praevidet modo Spiritus prophetiae; et dicit ut exsultemus in spe, et desideremus ipsam rem. «Collauda, Jerusalem, Dominum; lauda Deum tuum, Sion. Collauda,» quia ex multis constas; «lauda,» quia unum facta es. «Multi,» inquit Apostolus, «unum sumus in Christo Jesu» . Quoniam ergo multi, collaudamus; quoniam unum, laudamus. Iidem multi qui unum; quia ille in quo unum, semper unus.

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8. “Who telleth the number of the stars, and calleth them all by their names” (ver. 4). What great matter is it for God to “tell the number of the stars”! Men even have endeavoured to do this; whether they have been able to achieve it, is their concern; they would not however attempt it, did they not think that they should achieve it. Let us leave alone what they can do, and how far they have attained; for God I think it no great matter to count all the stars. Or doth He perhaps go over the number, lest He should forget it? Is it any great thing for God to number the stars, by whom “the very hairs of your head are numbered”? The stars are certain lights in the Church comforting our night; all of whom the Apostle saith, “In the midst of a crooked and perverse generation, among whom ye shine as lights in the world, holding the Word of life.” These stars God counteth; all who shall reign with Him, all who are to be gathered into the Body of His only-begotten Son, He hath counted, and still counteth them. Whoso is unworthy, is not even counted. Many too have believed, or rather may, with a kind of shadowy appearance of faith, have attached themselves to His people: yet He knoweth what He counteth, what He winnoweth away. For so great is the height of the Gospel, that it hath come to pass as was said, “I have declared, and have spoken: they are multiplied above number:” there are then among the people certain supernumeraries, so to speak. What do I mean by supernumeraries? More than will be there. Within these walls are more than will be in the kingdom of God, in the heavenly Jerusalem; these are above the number. Let each one of you consider whether he shineth in darkness, whether he refuseth to be led astray by the dark iniquity of the world; if he be not led astray, nor conquered, he will be, as it were, a star, which God already numbereth. “And calling them all by their names,” he saith. Herein is our whole reward. We may have certain names with God, that God may know our names, this we ought to wish, for this to act, for this to busy ourselves, as far as we are able; not to rejoice in other things, not even in certain spiritual gifts.…When the disciples returned from their mission exulting, and saying, “Lord, even the devils are subject unto us in Thy Name” —then He (knowing that many would say, “have we not in Thy Name cast out devils?” to whom He should say, “I know you not”) said, “In this rejoice not, that the devils are subject unto you; but rather rejoice, because your names are written in heaven.”

Quare, inquit haec Jerusalem, collaudo Dominum, et laudo Deum meum Sion? Quae Sion, ipsa Jerusalem. Diversis causis duo nomina. Jerusalem dicta est Visio pacis: Sion dicta est Speculatio. Videte si aliud sonant ista nomina, nisi spectacula; ne putent gentes se habere spectacula, et nos non habere. Aliquando, dimisso theatro aut amphiteatro, cum coeperit ex illa cavea evomi turba perditorum, aliquando tenentes in animo phantasias vanitatis suae, et memoriam suam pascentes rebus non solum inutilibus, sed et perniciosis, gaudentes in eis tanquam in dulcibus, sed pestiferis; vident plerumque, ut fit, transire servos Dei, cognoscunt ipso habitu vel vestis vel capitis, vel fronte notos habent, et dicunt apud semetipsos et secum: O miseros istos, quid perdunt! Fratres, rogemus Dominum pro benevolentia ipsorum, quia bonum illud putant. Bene nobis volunt: sed qui diligit iniquitatem, odit animam suam . Si odit animam suam, quomodo amabit animam meam? Tamen ipsa perversa et inani et vana benevolentia, si benevolentia dicenda est, dolent nos perdere quod amant; oremus ne perdant quod amamus. Videte qualem Jerusalem exhortetur ad laudem, vel potius praesentiat laudaturam. Non enim illius civitatis laudes, tunc cum videbimus et amabimus et laudabimus, voce prophetica exhortandae et excitandae sunt: sed propterea modo dicunt hoc Prophetae, ut potent, quantum possunt in hac carne constituti, futura gaudia beatorum, et eructantes in aures nostras, excitent amorem illius civitatis. Ferveamus desiderio, non simus spiritu pigri.

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9. “Great is our Lord” (ver. 5). The Psalmist is filled with joy, he hath poured out his words wonderfully: yet somewhat he was unable to speak, and how availed he to think on it? “And great is His power, and of His understanding is no numbering.” He who “numbereth the stars,” Himself cannot be numbered. Who can expound this? who can worthily even imagine what is meant by, “and of His understanding is no number”?…Whatsoever then that is infinite this world containeth, though it be infinite to man, yet is not to God: too little is it to say, to God: even by the angels it is numbered. His understanding surpasses all calculators; it cannot be counted by us. Numbers themselves who numbereth? What than is there with God? wherewith made He all things, and where made He all things, to whom it is said, “Thou hast arrayed all things in measure, number, and weight”? Or who can number, or measure, or weigh, measure and number and weight themselves, wherein God hath ordered all things? Therefore, “of His understanding is no number.” Let human voices be hushed, human thoughts still: let them not stretch themselves out to incomprehensible things, as though they could comprehend them, but as though they were to partake of them, for partakers we shall be.…Partakers then we shall be: let none doubt it: Scripture saith it. And of what shall we be partakers, as though these were parts in God, as though God were divided into parts? Who then can explain how many become partakers of one single substance? Require not then that which I think ye see cannot fitly be said: but return to the healing of the Saviour, bruise your heart. He will guide it, He will bind it up where it is broken, He will make it perfectly sound; and then those things will not be impossible with us, which now are impossible. For it is good that he confess weakness, who desireth to attain to the divine nature.

[«vers.» 13.] Sed videte qualem Jerusalem dicit laudaturam Deum, et unde laudaturam: perfectione quadam beatitudinis. «Collauda,» inquit, «Jerusalem, Dominum; lauda Deum tuum, Sion.» Et quasi diceret, Unde secura laudabo? «Quoniam confirmavit,» inquit, «vectes portarum tuarum.» Attendite, fratres mei. «Confirmavit,» inquit, «vectes portarum tuarum.» Vectium confirmatio non est portarum apertarum, sed clausarum: unde plerique codices habent, «Confirmavit seras portarum tuarum.» Attendat Charitas vestra. Conclusam Jerusalem dicit laudare Dominum. «Collauda, Jerusalem, Dominum; lauda Deum tuum, Sion.» Collaudamus modo, laudamus modo, sed inter scandala. Multi quos nolumus, intrant; multi, etsi nolumus, exeunt; ideo crebrescunt scandala: «Et quoniam abundavit iniquitas,» ait Veritas, «refrigescit charitas multorum» : propter intrantes, quos dijudicare non possumus; et exeuntes, quos tenere non possumus. Quare hoc? Quia nondum perfectio, nondum illa beatitudo. Quare hoc? Quia adhuc area, nondum horreum. Tunc ergo quid, nisi ut non timeas tale aliquid futurum? «Collauda» enim, «Jerusalem, Dominum, lauda Deum tuum, Sion; quoniam confirmavit vectes portarum tuarum. Confirmavit.» Non dixit, Apposuit, tantum: «Confirmavit» «vectes portarum tuarum.» Nemo exeat, nemo intret. Nemo exeat, gaudemus: Nemo intret, timemus. Nec hoc timeas; cum intraveris, dicetur; tantummodo esto in numero virginum quae portarunt oleum secum.

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10. “The Lord taketh up the gentle” (ver. 6). For example; thou understandest not, thou failest to understand, canst not attain: honour God’s Scripture, honour God’s Word, though it be not plain: in reverence wait for understanding. Be not wanton to accuse either the obscurity or seeming contradiction of Scripture. There is nothing in it contradictory: somewhat there is which is obscure, not in order that it may be denied thee, but that it may exercise him that shall afterward receive it. When then it is obscure, that is the Physician’s doing, that thou mayest knock. He willed that thou shouldest be exercised in knocking; He willed it, that He might open to thee when thou knockest. By knocking thou shalt be exercised; exercised, thou shalt be enlarged; enlarged, thou shalt contain what is given. Be not then indignant for that it is shut; be mild, be gentle. Kick not against what is dark, nor say, It were better said, if it were said thus. For how canst thou thus say, or judge how it is expedient it be said? It is said as it is expedient it be said. Let not the sick man seek to amend his remedies: the Physician knoweth how to temper them: believe Him who careth for thee. Therefore what cometh next?…“The Lord taketh up the gentle, but humbleth the sinners even to the ground,” he intended a certain sort of sinners to be understood, from the gentleness mentioned first. By sinners then in this place, we understand the fierce, and those who are not gentle. Wherefore doth He “humble them even to the earth”? They carp at objects of understanding, they shall perceive only things earthly.

Virgines enim illae animas significant. Non enim vere quinque erant, sed in quinque illis millia sunt. In numero illo quinario millia intelliguntur, non feminarum tantum, sed et virorum: quia uterque sexus dicitur femina, quia Ecclesia; et uterque sexus, hoc est Ecclesia, dicitur virgo. «Desponsavi vos uni viro, virginem castam exhibere Christo» Paucorum est virginitas in carne, omnium debet esse in corde. Virginitas carnis, corpus intactum; virginitas cordis, fides incorrupta. Ergo dicitur virgo tota Ecclesia, et masculino genere appellatur populus Dei: uterque sexus populus Dei, et unus populus, et unicus populus; et una Ecclesia, et unica columba: atque in hac virginitate millia sanctorum. Ergo quinque virgines omnes animas intraturas in regnum Dei significant; non sine causa quinario numero, quoniam quinque sunt corporis sensus notissimi omnibus. Per quinque enim januas intrat aliquid per corpus ad animam: aut per oculos intrat quod concupiscas male, aut per aures, aut per olfactum, aut per gustum, aut per contactum. Per has quinque januas quisquis non admiserit corruptionem, inter quinque virgines computatur. Admittuntur autem corruptiones per illicita desideria. Quid autem liceat et non liceat, pleni sunt libri Scripturarum. Ergo opus est ut sis in illis quinque virginibus. Non timebis quod dictum est, Nemo intret. Dicitur enim hoc, et fiet hoc; sed cum intraveris: nemo contra te claudet; sed te ingresso, claudentur portae Jerusalem, et firmabuntur vectes portarum ejus. Nam tu si esse volueris aut non virgo corde, aut, etsi virgo, inter fatuas virgines; foris remanebis, et frustra pulsabis.

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11. “Begin to the Lord in confession” (ver. 7). Begin with this, if thou wouldest arrive at a clear understanding of the truth. If thou wilt be brought from the road of faith to the profession of the reality, “begin in confession.” First accuse thyself: accuse thyself, praise God. What after confession? Let good works follow. “Sing unto our God upon the harp.” What is, “Upon the harp”? As I have already explained, just like the Psalm upon the psaltery, so also is the “harp:” not with voice only, but with works.

Quae sunt fatuae virgines? Et ipsae quinque sunt: quae, nisi animae quae habent istam continentiam carnis, ut vitent corruptelas ab omnibus sensibus venientes, quos sensus jam enumeravi? Vitant veluti corruptiones venientes undique, et non in conscientia gerunt bonum suum coram oculis Dei: sed placere inde volunt hominibus, et judicium sequuntur alienum. Favores vulgi aucupantur; viles sibi sunt, cum spectatoribus esse charae volunt; non eis sufficit conscientia. Merito non portant oleum secum. Oleum autem est ipsa gloriatio, propter nitorem et splendorem. Sed quid dicit Apostolus? Vide virgines sapientes portantes oleum secum: «Opus autem suum probet unusquisque, et tunc in semetipso habebit gloriam, et non in altero» . Hae sunt ergo virgines sapientes. Stultae autem accendunt quidem lampades; videntur quidem lucere opera earum: sed deficient, et exstinguentur; quia non de oleo interiore pascuntur. Et dormiunt omnes tardante sponso: quia ex utroque genere hominum obdormiscunt in mortem; et de illis fatuis, et de his sapientibus, tardante adventu Domini, itur in mortem istam corporalem et visibilem, quam somni loco Scripturas ponere notum est omnibus Christianis. Cum diceret de aegrotantibus Apostolus, «Propterea in vobis,» inquit, «multi infirmi et aegri, et dormiunt sufficienter» : Dormiunt, inquit, moriuntur. Sed ecce venturus est sponsus, et omnes surgent, sed non omnes intrabunt. Deficient opera stultarum virginum, non habentium oleum conscientiae; non invenient a quibus emant quod illis solebant vendere adulatores. Ab irridentibus enim dicitur, non ab invidentibus: «Ite, emite vobis.» Potierant enim stultae a sapientibus, et dixerant eis: «Date nobis oleum, quia faces nostrae exstinguuntur.» Quid illae sapientes? «Ne forte non sufficiat nobis et vobis, ite potius ad vendentes, et emite vobis.» Hoc admonere erat, Quid vobis modo prosunt a quibus emere soletis adulationem? «Et cum eunt,» inquit, «intrarunt illae, et clausum est ostium» . Cum eunt corde, cum talia cogitant, dum se ab illa intentione alienant, et retro praeterita sua recordantur, eunt quasi ad vendentes: et non inveniunt tunc faventes, non inveniunt tunc laudantes, a quibus solebant laudari, et quasi excitari ad bona opera, non robore bonae conscientiae, sed incitamento linguae atienae.

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12. …“Who covereth the heaven with clouds, who prepareth rain for the earth” (ver. 8). Now thou art alarmed, because thou canst not see the heaven: when it hath rained thou shalt gather fruit, and shalt see clear sky. Perhaps our God hath done this. For had we not the obscurity of Scripture as an occasion, we should not say to you those things wherein ye rejoice. This then perhaps is the rain whereat ye rejoice. It would not be possible for it to be expressed to you by our tongue, were it not that God covereth with clouds of figures the heaven of the Scriptures. For this purpose willed He that the words of the Prophets should be obscure, that the servants of God might afterwards have that by interpreting which they might flow over the ears and hearts of men, that they might receive from the clouds of God the fatness of spiritual joy. “Who maketh grass to grow upon the mountains, and herb for the service of men.” Behold the fruit of the rain. “Who maketh,” saith he, “grass to grow upon the mountains.” Doth it not also grow upon the low ground? Yes, but it is a great thing that it groweth “on the mountains.”…For nothing could be more barren than the hard mountains. “And herb for the service of men.” What “service”? Listen to Paul himself. “And ourselves,” saith he, “your servants for Jesus Christ’s sake.” He who said, “If we have sown unto you spiritual things, is it a great thing if we reap your carnal things?” yet said, that he was a “servant.” For we are your servants, brethren. Let none of us speak of himself, as though he were greater than you. We shall be greater if we are more humble. “But whosoever will be great among you” (it is the Lord’s saying), “shall be your servant.” Paul the Apostle, indeed, living by his own labour, refused even to receive “the grass of the mountains;” he chose to want; nevertheless, the mountains gave “grass.” Because he chose not to receive, ought the mountains therefore not to give, and so to remain barren? Fruit is due to the rain, food is due to the servant, as the Lord saith, “Eat such things as they give you:” and that they should not think that they gave aught of their own, He added, “for the labourer is worthy of his hire.”

Et illud quod dictum est, «Ne forte non sufficiat nobis,» magna consideratione humilitatis dictum est. Oleum enim quod gestamus in conscientia, judicium est nostrum de nobis ipsis, quales simus; et difficile est ut de se quisque perfecte judicet. Fratres mei, quantumlibet homo proficiat, quantumlibet se ad anteriora extendat, et praeterita obliviscatur ; si jam dicit sibi, Bene est: procedit regula de thesauris Dei, examinat ad liquidum; et quis gloriabitur castum se habere cor? et quis gloriabitur mundum se esse a peccato ? Sed quid dixit Scriptura? «Judicium sine misericordia illi qui non fecit misericordiam» . Quantumcumque proficias, sperabis in misericordiam. Nam si justitia sine misericordia prolata fuerit, in quolibet quod damnet inveniet. Quae nos consolatur Scriptura? Quae hortatur ad misericordiam faciendam, ut omnino crebrescamus in erogando quod amplius habemus. Multa autem superflua habemus, si nonnisi necessaria teneamus: nam si inania quaeramus, nihil sufficit. Fratres, quaerite quod sufficit operi Dei, non quod sufficit cupiditati vestrae. Cupiditas vestra non est opus Dei. Forma vestra, corpus vestrum, anima vestra, hoc totum opus Dei. Quaere quae sufficiant, et videbis quam pauca sint. Viduae suffecerunt duo nummi ad faciendam misericordiam , suffecerunt duo nummi ad emendum regnum Dei. Ad vestiendos toties venatores quid sufficit editori? Videte quia non solum pauca sunt quae vobis sufficiant; sed nec ipse Deus multa a vobis quaerit. Quaere quantum tibi dederit, et ex eo tollo quod sufficit: caetera quae superflua jacent, aliorum sunt necessaria. Superflua divitum, necessaria sunt pauperum. Res alienae possidentur, cum superflua possidentur.

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13. …Just now has been read, “Give to every one that asketh of thee;” and in another place Scripture saith, “Let alms sweat in thy hand, till thou findest a righteous man to whom to give it.” One there is who seeketh thee, another thou oughtest to seek. Leave not indeed him who seeketh thee empty, for, “give to every one that asketh of thee;” yet still there is another whom thou oughtest to seek; “find a righteous man to whom to give it.” Ye will never do this, unless ye have somewhat set aside from your substance, each what pleaseth him according to the needs of his family, as a sort of debt to be paid to the treasury. If Christ have not a state of His own, neither hath He a treasury.…Cut off then and prune off some fixed sum either from thy yearly profits or thy daily gains, else thou seemest as it were to give of thy capital, and thy hand must needs hesitate, when thou puttest it forth to that which thou hast not vowed. Cut off some part of thy income; a tenth if thou choosest, though that is but little. For it is said that the Pharisees gave a tenth; “I fast twice in the week, I give tithes of all that I possess.” And what saith the Lord? “Except your righteousness exceed the righteousness of the Scribes and Pharisees, ye shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven.” He whose righteousness thou oughtest to exceed, giveth a tenth: thou givest not even a thousandth. How wilt thou surpass him whom thou matchest not? “Who prepareth rain for the earth.”

Faciens ergo hujusmodi misericordias, et illam praecipue quae gratis constat, «Dimitte, sicut dimittimus» ; quo nonnisi charitatem erogas, quae crescit cum erogas: faciens ergo et fervens in ipsis bonis operibus misericordiae, quae jam bona opera, ut jam diximus, tunc non erunt necessaria, quia nullus erit miser in quem facienda sit misericordia; exspectabis securus judicium, non tam securus de justitia tua, quam securus de misericordia Dei, quia et tu misericordiam praerogasti. «Judicium enim sine misericordia illi qui non fecit misericordiam: superexaltat autem,» inquit, «misericordia judicio.» Ne putetis, fratres, quia tunc non est justus, quando nostri miseretur, aut recedit a regula justitiae suae. Et cum damnat, justus est; et cum miseretur, justus est. Quid enim tam justum, quam reddere misericordiam praeroganti? Quid tam justum, quam ut in qua mensura mensi fueritis, in ea remetiatur vobis ? Da egenti fratri. Cui fratri? Christo. Si ergo quia fratri, Christo; et quia Christo, Deo, qui est super omnia benedictus in saecula : Deus egere a te voluit; et tu manus retrahis? Certe tu porrigis manum, et petis a Deo: audi Scripturam, «Non sit manus tua porrecta ad accipiendum, et ad dandum collecta» . Erogari sibi vult Deus ex illo quod dedit. Quid enim das quod ille non dedit? quid enim habes quod non accepisti ? Aut vero, non dico, Deo, sed cuilibet de tuo das aliquid? De illius das, qui jubet ut des. Praerogator esto, non invasor. Haec ergo faciens, et si bona humilitate dicis de illo oleo, «Ne forte non sufficiat nobis,» intras et clauditur. Audi Apostolum hoc dicentem: «Mihi autem minimum est ut a vobis dijudicer» . Quando enim potestis dijudicare conscientiam meam? quando examinare quo animo facio, quidquid facio? quantum possunt homines de alio judicare? Plus homo utique ipse de se; sed Deus plus de homine, quam homo de se. Ergo si talis fueris, intrabis; in quinque illis virginibus eris: caeterae fatuae excludentur. Nam hoc habes in Evangelio, Claudetur ostium, et stabunt et clamabunt, «Aperi nobis;» et non aperietur: «Quoniam confirmavit vectes portarum tuarum. Confirmavit,» inquit, «vectes portarum tuarum:» secura sta, secura lauda, sine fine lauda. Fortiter clausae sunt portae tuae; non exit amicus, non intrat inimicus: «Confirmavit vectes portarum tuarum.»

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14. “And giveth unto the cattle their food” (ver. 9). These are the cattle he meaneth, even God’s flocks. God defraudeth not His flock of their food through men, for whose “service He maketh the grass to grow.” “And to the young of the ravens that call upon Him.” Shall we perchance think this, that the ravens call upon God to give them their food? Think not that the unreasoning creature calls upon God: no creature knows how to call upon God, save the reasonable alone. Consider it as spoken in a figure, lest thou think, as some evil men say, that the souls of men migrate into cattle, dogs, swine, ravens. Give this no place in your hearts or in your faith. The soul of man is made after the image of God: He will not give His image to dog or swine. Who are “the young of the ravens”? The Israelites used to say that they alone were righteous, because to them the Law had been given: all other men of every nation they used to call sinners. And in truth all nations were given up to sin, to idolatry, to the worship of stones and stocks: but did they continue so? Although the ravens themselves, our fathers, did not, yet we, “the young of the ravens,” do call upon God.…For “the young of the ravens,” who seemed to worship the images of their forefathers, have advanced, and turned to God. And now thou hearest “the young of the ravens” calling upon the one God. What then? Sayest thou to “the young of the ravens,” “hast thou left thy father?” Plainly I have, saith he; for he is a raven who calls not upon God. I, “the young of the raven,” do call upon God.

«Benedixit filios tuos in te.» Non vagantur foris, non peregrinantur; intus gaudent, intus laudant, intus benedicuntur; intus non parturiunt, quia jam neminem pariunt. Filii sunt, sancti sunt: isti filii sancti jam laudantes et gaudentes, parturiti et parti sunt matre charitate, inclusi sunt colligente charitate. Audi charitatem parturientem illos: qua praeditus Paulus apostolus, non solum paternum, sed et maternum cor gerens in filios, «Filii mei,» inquit, «quos iterum parturio» . Cum Paulus eos parturiebat, charitas parturiebat: cum charitas eos parturiebat, Dei Spiritus parturiebat; charitas enim Dei diffusa est in cordibus nostris per Spiritum sanctum, qui datus est nobis . Ergo colligat quos parturivit et peperit. Modo jam intus filii sunt, securi sunt: volarunt de nido timoris, volarunt in coelestia, volarunt in aeterna; jam nihil metuunt temporale.

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15. “In the power of an horse He will not take pleasure” (ver. 10). The power “of an horse” is pride. For the horse seemeth adapted as it were to bear a man aloft, that he may be more uplifted as he goes. And in truth he has a neck which typifieth a sort of pride. Let not men exalt themselves upon their worth, let them not think themselves uplifted by their distinctions; let them beware lest they be thrown by an untamed horse.…“Nor in the tabernacle of a man will He delight.” For the tabernacle of the Lord is the Holy Church spread throughout the whole world. Heretics, separating themselves from the Church’s tabernacles, have set up tabernacles for themselves. For if perchance it be the lot of any, who is good and pious, who confesseth his own weakness, who is “the young of a raven that calleth on God,” not to enjoy worldly distinction, he goeth not out of the Church, he setteth not up for himself a tent outside the Church, wherein God will not delight. But what saith he? “I have chosen to be cast away in the house of God, rather than to dwell in the tents of sinners.”

[«vers. 14.] Benedixit filios tuos in te.» Quis? «Qui posuit fines tuos pacem.» Quomodo exsultastis omnes? Hanc amate, fratres mei. Multum delectamur, quando clamat de cordibus vestris pacis dilectio. Quomodo vos delectavit? Nihil dixeram, nihil exposueram; versum pronuntiavi, et exclamastis. Quid de vobis clamavit? Dilectio pacis. Quid ostendi oculis vestris? Unde clamatis, si non amatis? unde amatis, si non videtis? Invisibilis est pax. Quis est oculus quo visa est, ut amaretur? Neque enim acclamaretur, nisi amaretur. Haec sunt spectacula quae exhibet Deus rerum invisibilium. Quanta pulchritudine intellectus pacis corda vestra percussit? Quid jam ego loquar de pace, aut de laude pacis? Praevenit omnia verba mea vester affectus: non impleo; non possum, infirmus sum. Differamus omnes laudes pacis ad illam patriam pacis. Ibi eam plenius laudabimus, ubi eam plenius habebimus. Inchoatam in nobis si sic amamus, perfectam quomodo laudabimus? Ecce hoc dico, o filii dilecti, o filii regni, o cives Jerusalem, quoniam in Jerusalem visio pacis est; et omnes qui amant pacem, benedicuntur in ea, et ipsi intrant cum clauduntur portae, et firmantur vectes. Hanc quam nominatam sic amatis et diligitis, ipsam sectamini, ipsam desiderate; ipsam in domo, ipsam in negotio, ipsam in uxoribus, ipsam in filiis, ipsam in servis, ipsam in amicis, ipsam in inimicis diligite.

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16. But what addeth he? “The Lord will delight in them that fear Him, and in them that hope in His mercy” (ver. 11). A robber is feared, and a wild beast is feared, and an unjust and powerful man is much feared. “The Lord will delight in them that hope in His mercy.” Behold, Judas, who betrayed our Lord, feared, but he did not hope in His mercy.…It is well indeed that thou hast feared, but only if thou trustedst in His mercy, whom thou hast feared. He in despair “went and hanged himself.” In such wise then fear the Lord, that thou trust in His mercy.…

Ipsa est pax quam non habent haeretici. Quid agit pax in hujus adhuc regionis incertis, in ista peregrinatione mortalitatis nostrae; cum adhuc nemo est alteri conspicuus, nemo videt cor alterius? quid agit pax? De incertis non judicat, incognita non confirmat; proclivior est ad bene credendum de homine, quam ad male suspicandum. Non se multum dolet errare, cum bene credit etiam de malo; perniciose autem, cum male sentit forte de bono. Nescio qualis sit: quid perdo, si credo quia bonus est? Si incertum est, licet ut caveas, ne forte verum sit; non tamen damnes, tanquam verum sit. Hoc pax jubet. «Quaere pacem,» ait, «et sequere eam» . Haeresis quod monet? Damnat incognitos, damnat totum mundum: Periit totus mundus, nullus est Christianus, Africa remansit. Bene judicasti. De quo tribunali dicis tu sententiam in orbem terrarum? in quo foro ante te mundus stetit? Nolo mihi credatur, sed nec tibi: Christo credatur, Spiritui Dei per Prophetas credatur, Legi Moysi credatur. Quid dixit Moyses de futuris his temporibus? Ad Abaraham dictum est: «In semine tuo benedicentur omnes gentes» . An dubitas quid sit semen Abrahae? Puto quia cum Apostolus dixerit, non dubitabis: aut si et de Apostolo dubitabis, quare, Pax, pax; et non est pax ? Quid dicit Apostolus? «Abrahae dictae sunt promissiones, et semini ejus. Non dicit, Et seminibus, tanquam in multis; sed tanquam in uno, Et semini tuo, quod est Christus» . Ecce ante millia annorum dictum est Abrahae, «In semine tuo benedicentur omnes gentes:» quod ante millia annorum dictum est, et ab uno creditum, modo jam videmus impletum. Hac legimus, hac intuemur, et tu resistis de transverso veniens? Quid dicturus? Noli credere. Cui? Spiritui Dei? Deo loquenti ad Abraham? Et cui credo? Tibi? Non hoc dico, inquies. Non hoc dicis? non dicis: Mihi potius crede, quam Spiritui Dei et Deo loquenti ad Abraham? Quid ergo mihi dicis? Ille tradidit, et ille tradidit. De Evangelio recitas hoc, de Apostolo, de Prophetis? Discute omnes Scripturas, lege mihi hoc ex eis quibus credo; tibi enim non credo. Unde lecturus es? Hoc mihi pater meus, ait, hoc mihi avus meus, hoc mihi frater meus, hoc mihi episcopus meus. Sed hoc Abrahae Deus: «In semine tuo benedicentur omnes gentes.» Audit unus homo et credit, et fit in multis post multa tempora. Quando dictum est, creditur: quando impletum est, dubitatur? Hoc ergo dixit Moyses, dicant et Prophetae. Vide commercium emptionis nostrae. Christus pendet in ligno; vide quanto emit, et sic videbis quid emit. Empturus est aliquid; ipsum aliquid nondum scis. Vide, vide quanti, et videbis quid. Sanguinem fudit, sanguine suo emit, sanguine Agni immaculati emit, sanguine unici Filii Dei emit. Quid emptum est sanguine unici Filii Dei? Adhuc vide quanti. Propheta dixit longe antequam fieret: «Foderunt manus meas et pedes meos, dinumeraverunt omnia ossa mea.» Magnum pretium video, Christe; videam quid emisti: «Commemorabuntur, et convertentur ad Dominum universi fines terrae.» In uno eodemque psalmo emptorem video, et pretium, et possessionem. Emptor Christus est, pretium sanguis, possessio orbis terrarum. Voces ipsas propheticas audiamus, contradicentes litigatoribus haereticis. Ecce possessio Domini mei. Jus lego in psalmo, «Commemorabuntur, et convertentur ad Dominum universi fines terrae, et adorabunt in conspectu ejus universae patriae gentium.» Et vide jurgantem, vide jus defendentem: «Quoniam ipsius est regnum, et ipse dominabitur gentium» . Ipse qui emit Christus, non qui apostatavit Donatus. «Adorabunt:» recte, «adorabunt omnes patriae gentium in conspectu ejus.» Quare recte? «Quoniam Domini est regnum, et ipse dominabitur gentium.» Illud Moyses, hoc Prophetae, et alia multa millia. Quis numerat testimonia de Ecclesia toto terrarum orbe diffusa? quis numerat? Non sunt tot haereses contra Ecclesiam, quot sunt testimonia Legis pro Ecclesia. Quae pagina non hoc sonat? quis versus non hoc loquitur? Omnia clamant pro unitate dominica, quia posuit fines Jerusalem pacem. Tu contra ista latras, haeretice! Unde merito dicitur in illa civitate, quod scriptum est in Apocalypsi, «Canes foras» . Tu contra ista latras. Unde judicasti de orbe terrarum, ut dicere coeperam? quo tribunali? Praesumptione videlicet cordis tui. Altum tribunal, sed ruinosum. Dixit hoc Moyses, dixerunt hoc Prophetae; et nondum credunt, qui se christianos videri volunt!

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17. “Praise in unison, O Jerusalem, thy God” (ver. 12). Abiding yet in captivity, they behold those flocks, or rather, the one flock of all its citizens, gathered from all sides into that city; they see the joy of the mass, now after threshings and winnowings placed in the garner, fearing nothing, suffering no toil nor trouble; and, as yet abiding here, in the midst of the threshing they send forward their joy of hope, and pant for it, joining as it were their hearts to the Angels of God, and to that people which shall abide with them in joy for ever. For what wilt thou then do, O Jerusalem? Surely toil and groaning will pass away. What wilt thou do? wilt thou plough, or sow, or plant vines, or make voyages, or trade? What wilt thou do? Will it still be thy duty to be engaged in the works thou now doest, good though they are, and spring from mercy? Consider thy numbers, consider on all sides thy company: see whether any hungers, for thee to give bread to; see whether any thirsts, for thee to give a cup of cold water to; see whether any is a stranger, for thee to take in; see whether any is sick, for thee to visit; see whether any is at strife, for thee to reconcile him; see whether any is dying, for thee to bury him. What then wilt thou do? “Praise in unison, O Jerusalem, thy God.” Behold, this is thy business. As is wont to be said in inscriptions, “Use it and be happy.”

Torquebatur quidam dives apud inferos, desideravit aquae stillam de digito contempti ante januam suam pauperis, quoniam urebatur in flammis. Et cum ei non daretur, quia «judicium sine misericordia illi qui non fecit misericordiam;» cum ergo ei non daretur, dixit ad Abraham: «Pater Abraham, mitte Lazarum. Habeo ibi quinque fratres; annuntiet eis quae hic patior, ne et ipsi veniant in locum hunc tormentorum.» Et quid illi Abraham? «Habent illic Moysen et Prophetas.» Et ille: «Non, pater Abraham; sed si quis ex mortuis resurrexerit, credent.» Et Abraham: «Si Moysen,» inquit, «et Prophetas non audiunt, nec si quis a mortuis resurrexerit, credent» . De quibus dixit, «Habent ibi Moysen et Prophetas?» De his utique qui adhuc vivebant, quibus adhuc tempus correctionis largum erat, qui nondum venerant in loca illa tormentorum. «Habent ibi,» inquit, «quos audiant, Moysen et Prophetas.» Non credunt his, «sed si quis a mortuis resurrexerit, credent. Si Moysen et Prophetas non audiunt, nec si quis a mortuis resurrexerit, credent.» Sententia Abrahae est. Abrahae sententia ubi, et unde? De quodam excelso loco, et pleno quietis et felicitatis, quem vidit ille, qui cruciabatur in flamma, levatis oculis suis; quando in ejus gremio, id est in ejus secreto, vidit pauperem feliciter exsultantem: inde prolata est ista sententia. Vide de quo tribunali. Ibi enim habitat Deus, quia in sanctis habitat Deus. Unde optat Apostolus et dicit, «Dissolvi et esse cum Christo, multo magis optimum» : et latroni illi dicitur, «Hodie mecum eris in paradiso» . Ergo Dominus cum Abraham et in Abraham manens dixit istam sententiam: «Habent ibi Moysen et Prophetas; si» illos «non audiunt, neque si aliquis a mortuis resurrexerit, credent ei.» O haeretici, habetis hic Moysen et Prophetas: adhuc vivitis, adhuc potestis audire, adhuc licet corrigi, animositatem frenare; veritatem tenere ad huc conceditur: disceptate vobiscum utrum audiendus sit Moyses et Prophetae, qui fidei suae testimonia tanta exhibuerunt; cum videamus sic currere res humanas, ut ab ipsis praedictae sunt. Quid dubitatis adhuc credere Moysi et Prophetis? quid dubitatis audire? An forte quaeritis resurgentem a mortuis, utrum et ipse vobis dicat de Ecclesia sua? Quaesivit hoc dives apud inferos, aliquem mitti ex mortuis ad fratres suos: reprehensus est quia hoc quaesivit; sufficere debuerunt fratribus ejus Moyses et Prophetae. Ad hoc ille frustra quaesivit, ut vos jam exemplo admoniti, ne frustra et sero quaerentes, sicut ille torqueamini. Audiatis Moysen et Prophetas. Quid dixit Moyses? «In semine tuo benedicentur omnes gentes.» Quid dixerunt Prophetae? «Commemorabuntur, et convertentur ad Dominum universi fines terrae.» Adhuc mihi dicturus es: Surgat aliquis ex mortuis; ego non credo, nisi aliquis inde venerit, et dixerit? O Domine, gratias misericordiae tuae: voluisti mori, ut aliquis ab inferis surgeret; et ipse aliquis, non quicumque, sed Veritas surrexit ab inferis. Qui verum de inferis diceret, etsi ad inferos non veniret; tamen propter voces imperitorum malorum, ecce ipse mortuus est, ecce resurrexit ab inferis. Quid dicis, haeretice? quid dicis? Modo te audiam, finitae sunt omnes excusationes tuae; etsi verba diceres divitis apud inferos constituti, surrexit a mortuis Christus: dignaris vel ipsum audire? Ecce quod forte similis diviti mortuo vivus desiderabas, surrexit ab inferis: non pater tuus, non avus tuus, non illi surrexerunt qui nescio quos nomine traditionis infamaverunt. Sed ecce non infamaverunt, verum dixerunt; vis nosse quam nihil ad me? Audiamus simul quid dixerit qui surrexit ab inferis. Quid pluribus immorer? Audiamus, jam aperiatur Evangelium, legatur quod factum est tanquam fiat: ponantur ante oculos nostros gesta praeterita, propter cavenda futura. Ecce Christus surgens a mortuis, ostendit se discipulis suis. Nuptiae ipsius; ipse sponsus, Ecclesia sponsa. Ecce sponsus qui dicebatur mortuus, absumptus, finitus; ecce integer resurrexit, ecce ostenditur oculis discipulorum, ecce praebetur contrectantibus manibus, ecce tetigerunt cicatrices, quae desperatae sunt vulnera. Exhibuit se oculis eorum videndum, manibus contrectandum: putant spiritum esse; desperaverunt enim de salute sua. Exhortatur eos, confirmat in fide: «Palpate, et videte, quia spiritus carnem et ossa non habet, sicut me videtis habere.» Tangunt, gaudent, trepidant. «Et cum adhuc trepidarent prae gaudio;» sic habes scriptum. Etsi certa sunt, quae multum laeta sunt vix creduntur. Dubitatio quaedam veluti tardius credentis, condit voluntatem tenentis. Necesse est ut plus homo gaudeat, cum venerit quod desperaverat. Nam ad ipsum gaudium condiendum et augendum, noluit se statim cognosci. Tenuit visus discipulorum suorum, illorum duorum quos invenit in via colloquentes jam in desperatione, et dicentes: «Nos autem sperabamus quia ipse esset redempturus Israel.» Putaverant hoc, jam non putabant. Jam spes cum eis non erat, et Christus cum eis erat: sed qui se reddidit, et spem reduxit. Postea ergo dixit, posteaquam eum illi in panis fractione cognoverunt, et obtulit se aliis discipulis suis, cum putarent spiritum esse, «Palpate et videte, quia spiritus carnem et ossa non habet, sicut me videtis habere. Et cum adhuc prae gaudio trepidarent: Habetis hic, ait, quod manducetur?» Accepit, benedixit, manducavit, et dedit eis. Expressa est veritas corporis, ablata est omnis suspicio falsitatis. Quid deinde? «Non sciebatis quia oportebat impleri omnia quae scripta sunt in Lege Moysi et Prophetis et Psalmis de me?» Et quia illi credebant Moysi et Prophetis: verum enim erat quod dixit Abraham, «Si Moysen et Prophetas non audiunt, neque si quis ex mortuis resurrexerit, credent:» quia ergo credebant Moysi et Prophetis, et non erant de ipsis quos reprehendit Abraham, audierunt quod ait Dominus, «Non sciebatis quia oportebat impleri omnia quae scripta sunt in Lege Moysi et Prophetis et Psalmis de me?» Ecce qui crediderunt Moysi et Prophetis, videte quemadmodum ex ipsorum testimonio credunt ei qui surrexit a mortuis: «Tunc aperuit illis sensum, ut intelligerent Scripturas; et dixit eis, Quoniam sic scriptum est, et sic oportebat Christum pati, et a mortuis resurgere tertia die.»

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18. Be ye Jerusalem; remember of whom it is said, “Lord, in Thy city their image Thou shalt bring to nought.” These are they who now rejoice in such pomps; among them are they who have not come hither to-day because there is a show. To whom is it a gift? to whom is it a loss? or why is it a gift? why is it a loss? For not they only who exhibit such shows are smitten with loss, but with much greater loss are they smitten who delight in gazing on them. The former have their chest drained of its gold, the latter have their breast robbed of the riches of righteousness. Most of the exhibiters of shows have to mourn for selling their estates; how ought the sinners to mourn, for losing their souls: Was it then for this that the Lord cried out on the Lord’s Day, “Watch ye,” that to-day men should watch in this way. I beseech you, ye citizens of Jerusalem, I beseech you by the peace of Jerusalem, by the Redeemer, the Builder, the Ruler of Jerusalem, that ye address your prayers to God for them. May they see, may they feel, that they are trifling; and, intent as they are on the sights which please them, may at length look on themselves, and be displeased. For in many we rejoice that this has already been done: and once we too sat there and were mad: and how many think we now sit there, who shall yet be, not only Christians, but also Bishops! From what is past, we conjecture what is to be: from what has already been done, we announce beforehand what God will do. Let your prayers be wakeful, ye groan not for nothing. Certainly they who have already escaped, praying for those who are still in danger, because they too having been among those in danger, are heard; and God shall drag His people out of the captivity of Babylon; by all means He shall redeem and deliver them, and the number of the saints who bear the image of God shall be perfected.…“Praise in unison,” because thou consistest of many: “praise,” because thou hast been made one. “We being many,” saith the Apostle, “are one in Christ.” As then we are many, “we praise in unison;” as we are one, we “praise.” The same are many and one, because He in whom they are one is ever One.

Habes jam sponsum Ecclesiae. Et non hinc tacuit Moyses, non hinc tacuerunt Prophetae, Christum resurrecturum a mortuis tertia die; passurum, resurrecturum. Descriptus est nobis sponsus, ut non erremus. Sed nescio qui existunt, et quia non erramus in sponso, et ipsi videntur ea quae et nos credere de sponso, ut a membris sponsi nos avocent, dicunt nobis: Ipse est quidem sponsus quem creditis, quem et nos credimus: sed sponsa non est ipsa Ecclesia quam tenetis. Et quae illa est? Pars Donati. Et hoc est quod tu dicis: hoc tu dicis, an sponsus? Tu dicis, an Deus per Moysen? Ecce per Moysen Ecclesiam teneo: dictum est a Moyse, «In semine tuo benedicentur omnes gentes.» Tu dicis, an Spiritus Dei per Prophetas? Ecce per Prophetas Ecclesiam teneo: dictum est per Prophetam, «Commemorabuntur, et convertentur ad Dominum universi fines terrae.» Ecce jam teneo testimonium Legis et testimonium Prophetarum; audiamus et eum qui surrexit a mortuis. Ostendit se sponsum, tenemus eum. Confirmavit demonstrando, exhibendo testimonia. Hoc enim Moyses, hoc Prophetae, «quia oportebat pati Christum, et resurgere tertia die.» Jam ergo quia tenemus ambo sponsum ex ipsis verbis, et puto quia jam incipis mecum credere et his verbis Moysi, et Prophetis; credamus et ei qui resurrexit a mortuis. Sequatur, et dicat. O Domine, video jam sponsum Christum; factum est: ne quis me avocet a membris sponsae tuae, et non sis mihi caput, si ego in membris ejus non fuero; dic mihi et de Ecclesia aliquid; quia jam de sponso ejus non dubito. Audi et de Ecclesia. Sequitur et dicit: «Praedicari in nomine ejus poenitentiam et remissionem peccatorum.» Nihil verius, «praedicari in nomine ejus poenitentiam et remissionem peccatorum.» Sed hoc ubi? Alii enim dicunt, «Ecce hic;» alii, «Ecce illic.» Et quid ipse? «Nolite credere: exsurgent pseudochristi et pseudoprophetae, et dicent, Ecce hic, et ecce illic» . Non enim de ipso capite dicunt, «Ecce hic, et ecce illic;» notum est enim quod Christus in coelis est: sed de Ecclesia ubi Christus est, qui ait, «Ecce ego vobiscum sum usque ad consummationem saeculi» . Sed ait Dominus: «Nolite credere:» qui dicit, «Ecce hic, et ecce illic,» partes ostendit; ego totum emi. Dicat mihi hoc Evangelium: dic hoc ipse ex Evangelio, quia jam resurrexisti a mortuis, ut credant tibi qui credunt Moysi et Prophetis; dic mihi hoc tu. Audio: «Oportebat Christum pati et resurgere tertia die, et praedicari in nomine ejus poenitentiam et remissionem peccatorum per omnes gentes, incipientibus ab Jerusalem» . Quid est, haeretice? Certe cum recitarem Moysen, cum recitarem Prophetas, distulisti ad eum qui resurrecturus erat a mortuis: ecce resurrexit, ecce dixit; tam nullam habet dubitationem Ecclesia Christi et uxor Christi, quam nullam habet dubitationem corpus Christi, demonstratum oculis, contrectatum manibus discipulorum. Ecce qui resurrexit a mortuis utrumque ostendit: ostendit caput, ostendit membra; ostendit sponsum, ostendit sponsam. Aut utrumque mecum crede, aut illud in damnationem tuam credis. Quid enim quia resurrexit a mortuis, quia in eodem corpore resurrexit? Bene, quia cicatrices ostendit; quia ut crucifixus est, ut sepultus, ita redditus, ita demonstratus: optime credis; audi illum loquentem in quem credis. «Praedicari in nomine ejus poenitentiam et remissionem peccatorum.» Ubi? Per latas terras. Si vellem illud ego dicere, jam luctans adversus haereticos, jam pugnans, jam habens cum illis conflictum tantae quaestionis; non illud dicerem sic contra praesentes haereticos, quomodo illud dixit ille contra futuros. Quid vis amplius? Remissio peccatorum in Christi nomine praedicatur. Ubi? «Per omnes gentes.» Unde? Incipiens «ab Jerusalem.» Communica huic Ecclesiae. Quare litigamus? Coepit enim haec Ecclesia ab Jerusalem ista terrena, ut gaudeat inde Deo in illa Jerusalem coelesti. Ab hac enim incipit, ad illam terminat. In illa tota Ecclesia erit, ab ista exordium fidei sumpsit.

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19. Wherefore, saith this Jerusalem, do I praise in unison the Lord, and, as Sion, praise my God? Jerusalem is the same as Sion. For different reasons has it the two names. Jerusalem meaneth “visions of peace;” Sion meaneth “watching.” See whether these words do not sound like sights; that the Gentiles may not think that they have sights and we have none. Sometimes after the theatre or amphitheatre breaks up, when the crowd of lost ones begins to be vomited forth from that den, sometimes, retaining in their minds images of their vain amusements, and feeding their memory with things not only useless but even hurtful, rejoicing in them as if they were sweet, while they are really deadly; they see often, it may be, the servants of God pass by, they recognise them by their garb or headdress, or they know them by sight, and they say to one another, or inwardly, “Wretched people, how much they lose!” Brethren, let us return their good will (for they do mean it well) with prayers to the Lord. They wish us well; but “he that loveth iniquity, hateth his own soul.” If he hateth his own soul, how shall he love my soul? Yet with a perverse, and empty, and vain good will, if indeed it may be called good will, they grieve that we lose what they love: let us pray that they lose not what we love. Behold of what character that Jerusalem is to be which he exhorteth to praise, or rather foreseeth will praise. For the praises of that city, when we shall see and love and praise, will not need to be urged on and stirred up by the voice of prophecy; but the Prophets now say this, to drink in as far as while they remain in this flesh they can, the future joys of the blessed, and then giving them forth into our ears, to arouse in us love of that city. Let us burn with longing, let us not be slothful in spirit. “Praise thy God, O Sion.”

Lege Actus Apostolorum, si forte mentior, quomodo ibi erant congregati discipuli, cum veniret Spiritus sanctus; ut ostendatur tibi quod dixit Dominus, «Incipientibus ab Jerusalem;» quomodo linguis omnium locuti sunt in quos venit Spiritus sanctus . Quare non vis loqui omnium linguis? Ecce ibi omnes linguae sonuerunt. Quare modo cui datur Spiritus sanctus, non loquitur omnium linguis? Hoc enim tunc erat indicium venientis in homines Spiritus sancti, ut linguis omnium loquerentur. Modo quid dicturus es, haeretice? quia non datur Spiritus sanctus? Non dico, Ubi? Datur, an non datur? Si non datur; quid est quod agitis, loquendo, baptizando, benedicendo? Quid est quod agitis? Inania celebratis. Ergo datur. Si datur; quare linguis omnium non loquuntur quibus datur? Numquid defecit donum Dei, aut minor est fructus? Creverunt zizania, sed et triticum: «Sinite utraque crescere usque ad messem» . Non dixit, Crescant zizania, decrescat frumentum; utrumque crevit. Quare non apparet modo Spiritus sanctus in linguis omnibus? Imo vero apparet in linguis omnibus: tunc enim nondum erat Ecclesia per terrarum orbem diffusa, ut membra Christi in omnibus gentibus loquerentur. Tunc implebatur in uno, quod praenuntiabatur in omnibus. Jam totum corpus Christi loquitur omnium linguis: et quibus nondum loquitur, loquetur. Crescet enim Ecclesia, donec occupet omnes linguas. Quod vos deseruistis, quousque crevit! Tenete nobiscum quousque accessit, ut nobiscum perveniatis ad quae nondum accessit. Loquor omnium linguis, audeo tibi dicere. In corpore Christi sum, in Ecclesia Christi sum: si corpus Christi jam omnium linguis loquitur, et ego in omnibus linguis sum; mea est graeca, mea est syra, mea est hebraea, mea est omnium gentium, quia in unitate sum omnium gentium.

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20. He saith, “He hath made strong the bars of thy gates” (ver. 13). The making bars strong is not for open gates, but shut ones, wherefore most manuscripts read, “He hath made strong the bolts of thy gates.” Observe, beloved. He biddeth Jerusalem when closed in to praise the Lord. We praise in unison now, we praise now; but it is amid offences. Many where we wish not, enter in: many though we wish it not, go out: therefore offences are frequent. “And because iniquity hath abounded,” saith the Truth, “the love of many waxeth cold:” because men come in whom we cannot discern, because men go out whom we cannot retain. Wherefore is this? Because not yet is there perfection, not yet is there the bliss that shall be. Wherefore is this? Because as yet it is the threshing-floor, not yet the garner. What therefore will be then, save no fear that aught of this kind will happen? He said not only, He hath set, but, “He hath made strong the bars of thy gates.” Let none go out, let none come in. Let none go out, we rejoice: let none come in, we fear. Nay, fear not this: when thou hast entered it will be said: only be thou in the number of virgins, who carried their oil with them.…

Ergo, fratres, coepit Ecclesia ab Jerusalem; iit per omnes gentes: quid evidentius hoc testimonio Legis, Prophetarum, ipsius Domini? Apostolorum ubique personant voces, reddentes testimonium spei nostrae in unitate corporis Christi. Gaudete in frumentis, tolerate zizania, gemite in tritura, suspirate in horreum. Veniet illud tempus quo gaudebimus, confirmatis vectibus portarum Jerusalem. Intret qui intraturus est. Qui illuc manifestus intrabit, huc fictus non intrat. Qui autem huc fictus intrat, foris est. Foris est, et nescit: ventilabrum probabit, vectes probabunt. Qui modo vere intus et veraciter intus, ibi firmiter intus: qui autem hic tolerando intus, ibi gaudendo intus. Fines enim Jerusalem pax; quia, «Posuit,» inquit, «fines tuos pacem.» Modo desideramus pacem, quam hic habemus in spe. Adhuc enim in nobis ipsis qualis pax? Caro concupiscit adversus spiritum, et spiritus adversus carnem . Ubi plena pax in uno homine? Quando erit plena in uno homine, tunc erit plena in omnibus civibus Jerusalem. Quando erit plena pax? Quando corruptibile hoc induerit incorruptionem, et mortale hoc induerit immortalitatem : tunc plena pax, tunc firma pax; nihil litigat adversus animam in homine, non ipsa adversum se, ex quadam parte saucia; non carnis fragilitas, non indigentia corporis, non fames, non sitis, non frigus, non aestus, non lassitudo, non ulla inopia, non provocatio rixae, non certe ipsa sollicita cautela et vitandi inimici et diligendi. Haec omnia, fratres mei, litigant adversum nos; nondum est plena et perfecta pax. Quod clamastis jamdudum nominata pace, ex desiderio clamastis; clamor vester de siti fuit, non de saturitate: quia ibi erit perfecta justitia, ubi perfecta pax. Modo esurimus et sitimus justitiam. Beati qui esuriunt et sitiunt justitiam, quoniam ipsi saturabuntur . Quomodo ipsi saturabuntur? Cum ad pacem venerimus. Ideo cum dixisset, «Qui posuit fines tuos pacem;» quia ibi saturitas et nulla indigentia, subdidit statim, «Et adipe frumenti satians te»

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21. “He hath blessed thy children within thee.” Who? He “who hath set peace as thy borders.” How ye all exult! Love peace, my brethren. Greatly are we delighted, when the love of peace crieth from your hearts. How greatly doth it delight you! I had said nothing: I had explained nothing: I but read the verse, and ye shouted. What was it that shouted in you? The love of peace.…children of the kingdom, O citizens of Jerusalem, in Jerusalem is the vision of peace: and all who love peace are blest in her, and they enter in, when the doors are being shut, and the bars made strong. This, which when but named ye so love and esteem, this follow after, this long for: this love in your home, in your business, in your wives, in your sons, in your slaves, in your friends, in your enemies.…

Fratres, quoniam pax ipsa de qua loquimur, nondum est in totis nobis, id est in unoquoque nostrum tota, adhuc forte spiritum vestrum delectat audire: sed si nihil resistit et rebellat ex corpore, finiemus Psalmum. Fatigatos vos nunquam sentio; tamen vereor, novit Deus, ne oneri sim vobis aut quibusdam fratribus: et video studia multorum exigentium de me hunc laborem et hunc sudorem, quem credo in Domino non futurum infructuosum. Gaudeo tantam esse voluptatem in veritate verbi Dei, ut studium vestrum bonum in bono et de bono, vincat studium insanorum qui sunt in amphitheatro. Numquid illi si tam diu starent, adhuc spectarent? Ergo, fratres, audiamus caetera, quia hoc vultis. Adsit Dominus, adsit et viribus et mentibus nostris. «Qui posuit fines tuos pacem,» ad illam Jerusalem dicit: «et adipe frumenti satians te.» Transit fames et sitis justitiae, succedit saturitas. Qui ibi erit adeps frumenti, nisi panis ille qui descendit de coelo ad nos ? In patria ipsa quomodo saturabit, qui in peregrinatiane sic pavit?

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22. What ye cried out a while ago at the very mention of peace, ye cried from longing: your cry was from thirst, not from fulness; for there will be perfect righteousness where will be perfect peace. Now we hunger and thirst after righteousness. “They shall be filled.” How shall they be filled? When we have arrived at peace. Therefore when he had said, “Who hath set peace for thy borders,” because there is fulness and no want, he added at once, “and filleth thee with the fat of wheat” (ver. 14).…

[«vers.» 15.] Jam modo de ipsa peregrinatione nostra locuturus est, qua venitur ad illam Jerusalem ubi collaudabimus Dominum, laudabimus Dominum Deum nostrum, nos Jerusalem, nos Sion, quando confirmabuntur vectes portarum nostrarum. Etenim ille qui tunc satiabit adipe frumenti, quid facit in ista peregrinatione? Hoc quod sequitur: «Qui emittit verbum suum terrae.» Ecce in terra laboramus fessi, languidi, pigri, frigidi: quando levaremur ad adipem frumenti et satietatem, nisi mitteret verbum suum terrae, qua gravabamur; terrae, qua impediebamur a reditu? Misit verbum suum, non deseruit etiam in eremo, pluit manna de coelo. «Qui emittit verbum suum terrae;» et venit ad terras verbum ejus. Quomodo? aut quod est verbum ejus? «Usque in velocitatem currit verbum ejus.» Non dixit, Velox est verbum ejus: «currit verbum ejus usque in velocitatem.» Intelligamus, fratres; non potuit eligere melius verbum. Calidus calore calescit, frigidus frigore frigescit, velox velocitate velox fit. Quid calidius ipso calore, quo calescit quidquid fit calidum? Quid frigidius ipso frigore, quo frigescit quidquid frigidum fit? Quid ergo velocius ipsa velocitate, qua velox fit quidquid velociter currit? Possunt dici multa velocia, et alia magis et alia minus; et tanto quaeque res velox est, quanto est particeps velocitatis. Illa res magis est particeps velocitatis; ergo magis velox: aut minus particeps velocitatis; ergo minus velox. Ipsa itaque velocitate quid velocius? Ergo quo usque currit? «Usque in velocitatem.» Quantum vis auge quod velox est verbum, et dic: Velocius est quam illud aut illud, quam aves, quam venti, quam Angeli. Numquid aliquid horum tantum, quanta ipsa velocitas, usque in ipsam velocitatem? Velocitas ipsa quid est, fratres? Ubique est, non est in parte. Hoc pertinet ad Verbum Dei, non esse in parte, ubique esse per seipsum Verbum, ex quo Dei Virtus et Dei Sapientia est , nondum assumpta carne. Si cogitemus Deum in forma Dei, Verbum aequale Patri; ipsa est Sapientia Dei, de qua dictum est: «Attingit in fine usque ad finem fortiter» . Quanta velocitas! «Attingit a fine usque ad finem fortiter.» Sed forte immobilitate attingit. Si immobilitate, tanquam moles aliqua saxea impleat locum aliquem; dicitur quod attingit ejusdem loci a fine usque ad finem, non tamen motu. Quid ergo dicimus? non habet motum Verbum illud, et Sapientia illa stolida est? Et ubi est quod dicitur de Sapientiae Spiritu? Cum multa dicerentur: «Acutus,» inquit, «mobilis, certus, incoinquinatus» . Sic utique sapientia Dei mobilis. Si ergo mobilis; quando hoc tangit, illud non tangit? aut hoc tangit, illud deserit? Et ubi est velocitas? Hoc facit velocitas, ut et ubique semper sit, et nusquam inclusa teneatur. Sed cogitare ista non possumus; pigri sumus. Quis ista cogitet? Et revera, fratres, quoniam dixi quomodo potui (si tamen potui, si intellexi), et quomodo potuistis intellexistis. Sed quid dicit Apostolus? «Ei autem qui potens est facere supra quam petimus, aut intelligimus» . Quid hic ostendit? Quia quotiescumque intellexerimus, non intelleximus sicuti est. Quare hoc? «Corpus enim quod corrumpitur aggravat animam» . Ergo in terra frigidi sumus. Velocitas enim fervens est; et omnia ferventia velociora, omnia frigida tardiora. Nos tardi, ergo frigidi. Illa autem Sapientia currit usque in velocitatem. Ergo ferventissima est; nec est qui se abscondat a calore ejus .

23. [«vers.» 16.] Nos ergo, qui frigidi corporis tarditate, vinculo terrenae vitae hujus corruptibilis onerati, nullamne spem habemus ad capiendum Verbum, quod usque in velocitatem currit? An vero ille quamvis ex corpore in infima depressos deseruit? Nonne ipse praedestinavit nos, antequam in isto mortali et pigro corpore nasceremur? Qui ergo praedestinavit nos, dedit terrae nivem, ipsos nos. Jam enim veniamus ad illos Psalmi versus subobscuros; incipiant illa involucra evolvi: quoniam vos verbum Dei, quanto magis per nos dicitur, tanto avidiores invenit. Ecce nos pigri in hac terra quasi congelavimus hic. Et quomodo contingit nivibus; sursum enim gelant, et in ima decidunt: sic frigescente charitate decidit humana natura in has terras, et pigro corpore involuta velut nix facta est. Sed in ista nive sunt praedestinati filii Dei. Dat enim ille «nivem velut lanam.» Quid est, «velut lanam?» Id est, de nive quam dedit, de istis pigris adhuc spiritu et frigidis quos praedestinavit, facturus est aliquid. Lana enim materies vestis est: lana cum videtur, veluti praeparatio est aliqua ad vestem. Ergo quia praedestinavit hos qui ad tempus frigidi repunt in terra, et nondum fervent spiritu charitatis (de praedestinatione enim adhuc loquitur), veluti lanam dedit hos Deus; facturus est inde vestem. Merito in monte vestis Christi fulsit, sicut nix . Fulgebat vestis Christi, sicut nix, tanquam de illa lana jam facta erat tunica; de qua lana, id est de nive quam dedit sicut lanam, adhuc praedestinati, pigri erant: sed exspecta, vide quid sequatur; quia sicut lanam dedit eos, fit inde tunica. Quomodo enim dicitur Ecclesia corpus Christi, dicitur et vestimentum Christi ipsa Ecclesia: inde est illud quod ait Apostolus, «Ut exhiberet sibi gloriosam Ecclesiam, non habentem maculam aut rugam» . Ergo exhibeat sibi gloriosam Ecclesiam, non habentem maculam aut rugam; faciat sibi vestem de illa lana quam praedestinavit in nive. Adhuc in hominibus incredulis, et frigidis, et pigris, faciat vestem de hac lana. Ut abluatur a maculis, mundetur fide; ut rugam non habeat, tendatur in cruce. «Qui dat nivem sicut lanam.»

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23. “Who sendeth forth His Word to the earth” (ver. 15). Behold, on earth we toil, weary, fainting, sluggish, cold: when should we be raised up to the fat of wheat that satisfieth, did not He send His Word to the earth, whereby we were weighed down, to the earth, whereby we were hindered from returning? He sent His Word, He deserted us not even in the wilderness, He rained manna from heaven. “Who sendeth forth His Word to the earth;” and to earth His Word came. How? or what is His Word? “Even unto swiftness His Word runneth.” He said not, “His Word is swift,” but, “His Word runneth even unto swiftness.” Let us understand, my brethren: He could not have chosen a better word. He who is hot grows hot by heat, he who is cold grows cold by cold, he who is swift becometh swift by swiftness.…To what degree then doth it run? “Even to swiftness.” Increase as much as you will the swiftness of the Word, and say, It is as swift as this or that, as birds, as the winds, as the Angels; is any of these as great as swiftness itself, “even unto swiftness”? What is swiftness itself, brethren? It is everywhere; it is not in part. This belongeth to the Word of God, not to be in part, to be everywhere by Himself the Word, whereby He is “the Power of God and the Wisdom of God,” before He had taken flesh upon Him. If we think of God in the Form of God, the Word equal to the Father, this is the Wisdom of God, of which is said, “It reacheth from one end to the other mightily.” What mighty speed! “It reacheth from one end to the other mightily.”…

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24. We then are burdened by the sluggishness of this cold body, and the bonds of this earthly and corruptible life; have we no hope of receiving “the Word,” which “runneth even unto swiftness”? or hath abandoned us, though by the body we are depressed to the lowest depths? Did not He predestinate us, before we were born in this mortal and sluggish body? He then, who predestinated us, gave snow to the earth, even ourselves. For now let us come to those somewhat obscure verses of the Psalm, let those entanglements begin to be unrolled. Behold, we are sluggish on this earth, and are as it were frozen here. And just as happens to the flakes of snow, for they freeze above, then fall down; so as love groweth cold, human nature falleth down to this earth, and involved in a sluggish body becometh like snow. But in that snow are predestined sons of God. For, “He giveth snow like wool” (ver. 16). What is “like wool”? It meaneth, of the snow which He hath given, of these, who are as yet slow in spirit and cold, whom He hath predestinated, He is about to make somewhat. For wool is the material of a garment: when we see wool, we look on it as a sort of preparation for a garment. Therefore since He hath predestinated these, who at present are cold and creep on earth, and as yet glow not with the spirit of love (for as yet He speaketh of predestination), God hath given these as a sort of wool: He is about to make of them a garment. Rightly did the “raiment” of Christ “shine” on the mountain, “like snow.” The raiment of Christ did shine like snow, as though of that snow a garment had already been made: of which wool, that is, of the snow which He gave like wool, they being as yet predestined, were sluggish: but wait, see what followeth. Since He gave them as wool, a garment is made of them. For as the Church is called the Body of Christ, so is the Church also called the garment of Christ: hence cometh that which is said by the Apostle, “that He might present it to Himself a glorious Church, not having spot or wrinkle.” Let Him then present unto Himself a glorious Church, not having spot or wrinkle; let Him make Himself a garment of that wool, which He had predestinated in the snow. While men are yet unbelieving, and cold, and sluggish, let Him make a garment of this wool. That it may be washed from spots, let it be cleansed by faith: that it may have no wrinkle, let it be stretched out upon the cross.…

Jam si praedestinati sunt, vocandi sunt. «Quos» enim «praedestinavit, illos et vocavit» . Jam quomodo vocantur ex languore corporis illius, ut sani fiant? quomodo vocantur? Audi Evangelium: «Non veni vocare justos, sed peccatores in poenitentiam» . Incipit ergo jam praedestinatione nivis illius cognoscere torporem suum, accusare peccatum suum; incipit vocatione venire ad poenitentiam. Merito ergo «qui dat nivem velut lanam,» propter confectum tunicae futurae; etiam propter vocationem in poenitentiam, «nebulam velut cinerem spargit. Nebulam,» inquit, «velut cinerem spargit:» quis? «Qui dat nivem sicut lanam.» Quos enim praedestinavit, vocat in poenitentiam; quia «quos praedestinavit, illos et vocavit.» Cinis autem ad poenitentiam pertinet. Audi vocantem ad poenitentiam, cum exprobravit quibusdam civitatibus, dicens: «Vae tibi Corozaim, vae tibi Bethsaida; quia si in Tyro et Sidone factae essent virtutes quae factae sunt in vobis, olim,» inquit, «in cilicio et cinere poenitentiam egissent» . Ergo «nebulam velut cinerem spargit.» Quid est, «Nebulam velut cinerem spargit?» Cum vocatur quisque ad intelligendum Deum, et dicitur illi, Cape veritatem, incipit velle capere veritatem, non sufficit, videt se quamdam caliginem pati, quam antea non videbat. Ad hoc est ergo illa nebula, ut noveris nescire te, et noveris quid scire oporteat, et videas te invalidum ad illud sciendum quod oportet sciri. Nam si in ista nebula jam ante praesumpseris scire, audies ab Apostolo: «Qui se putat aliquid scire, nondum scit quemadmodum oporteat eum scire» . Ergo nondum comprehendisti, adhuc nebulam pateris. Sed non te deseruit qui accendit tibi lucernam carnis suae. Non erras in nebula; fide sequere. Sed quia conaris videre, et non potes, poeniteat te peccatorum; quia nebula velut cinis sparsa est. Jam te poeniteat contumacem te fuisse adversus Deum; jam te poeniteat secutum te fuisse vias tuas malas. Pervenisti in istam difficultatem illius beatae visionis; et erit tibi salubris nebula quam sicut cinerem spargit Deus. Tu ipse es adhuc nebula, sed velut cinis. Adhuc enim poenitentes volulantur in cinere, fratres mei, tanquam similes se contestantes, dicentes Deo suo: «Cinis sum.» Dixit enim quaedam Scriptura: «Despexi meipsum et distabui, et aestimavi me terram et cinerem» . Haec est humilitas poenitentis. Quando Abraham loquitur ad Deum suum, et quando vult sibi aperiri incendium Sodomorum: «Ego,» inquit, «terra et cinis sum» . Quomodo fuit ista semper humilitas in magnis et sanctis viris? «Nebulam» ergo «velut cinerem spargit:» quare? Quia «quos praedestinavit, illos et vocavit,» qui non venit «vocare justos, sed peccatores in poenitentiam.»

25 [«vers. 17, 18.] Qui mittit crystallum suum velut frusta panis.» Non denuo laborandum est dicere quid sit crystallum. Praelocuti enim sumus, et credo non excidisse Charitati vestrae. Quid est ergo, «Mittit crystallum suum velut frusta panis?» Quomodo nix illa ipsius, quia praedestinatorum est; quomodo nebula illa ipsius, quia ipsi vocantur ad poenitentiam, qui praedestinati sunt ad salutem: sic est quodammodo crystallum ipsius. Quid est crystallum? Multum obduruit, multum congelavit; non jam sicut nix facile solvi potest. Nix multorum annorum tempore durata et serie saeculorum, crystallum dicitur: et hoc mittit velut frusta panis. Quid hoc sibi vult? Fuerunt nimis duri, non jam nivi, sed crystallo comparandi: et ipsi praedestinati sunt, et vocati; et quidam eorum ita ut pascerent alios, et essent utiles et aliis. Et quid opus est ut numeremus multos forte quos novimus, illum aut illum? Occurrit unicuique cogitanti, ex iis quos novit, quam forte duri et pertinaces et obnitentes adversus veritatem fuerunt, et modo praedicant veritatem: facti sunt frusta panis. Quis ille unus panis? «Multi,» inquit Apostolus, «Unum corpus sumus in Christo» : «unus panis, unum corpus multi sumus,» ipse dicit . Ergo si unus panis totum corpus Christi, membra Christi frusta panis sunt. De quibusdam duris facit membra sua, et utilia ad alios pascendos. Quid imus per multos? Notissimum illum Paulum apostolum intueamur. Nihil nobis isto viro notius, nihil suavius, nihil in Scripturis familiarius est. Et si fuerint qui ex tanta duritia, in quanta ipse fuit, panis fierent; ipso proposito ad exemplum, omnes occurrant, ut explicetur sensus iste, «Mittit crystallum suum sicut frusta panis.» Ecce crystallum erat apostolus Paulus, durus, obnitens veritati, clamans adversus Evangelium, tanquam indurans adversus solem. Iste quam durus fuit, crescens in Lege, eruditus ad pedes Gamalielis Legis doctoris ! Non audiebat Moysen et Prophetas Christum praedicantes? Magna duritia! Certe Gentes non audierant Prophetas, non audierant Moysen: frigidi erant, sed crystallum non erant. Ille qui credebat in verbis praedicantibus Christum, et Christo venienti non credebat, nimis obduraverat. Quia ergo crystallum erat, nitidus videbatur et candidus; sed durus et nimium gelidus. Quomodo nitidus et candidus? «Hebraeus ex Hebraeis, secundum Legem Pharisaeus.» Vide nitorem crystalli. Audi duritiam crystalli: «Secundum aemulationem persequens Ecclesiam Christi» . Inter lapidatores sancti Stephani martyris, ibi erat iste durus, et forte caeteris durior: omnium enim lapidantium vestimenta servabat, ut omnium manibus lapidaret .

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25. “He scattereth mist like ashes.” “He scattereth,” saith the Psalmist, “mist like ashes.” Who? He “who giveth snow like wool.” For whom He predestined, He calleth to repentance; for “whom He predestined, them He also called.” But “ashes” are connected with repentance. Hear Him calling to repentance, when He upbraided certain cities, saying, “Woe unto thee, Chorazin! woe unto thee, Bethsaida! for if the mighty works which have been done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they had long ago repented in dust and ashes.” Therefore, “He scattereth mist like ashes.” What is, “He scattereth mist like ashes”? When a man is called to learn about God, and it is said to him, “Receive the truth;” he beginneth to wish to receive the Truth, but is not able; he seeth that He is under a sort of darkness, which before he saw not.…Wander not in the mist, follow in faith. But forasmuch as thou endeavourest to see and art not able, repent of thy sins, for mist is scattered like ashes. Repent thee now of having been obstinate against God, repent of having followed thine own evil ways. Thou hast come into this state where it is difficult for thee to see the vision of bliss, and the mist will be healthful to thee, which God scattereth like ashes. Thou thyself art as yet a mist, but like ashes. For they that are penitent, as yet roll themselves in ashes, my brethren, testifying, as it were, that they are like it, saying unto God, “I am ashes.” For a certain Scripture saith, “I have despised myself, and wasted away, I have reckoned myself earth and ashes.” This is the humility of the penitent. When Abraham speaketh to his God, and wisheth the burning of Sodom to be disclosed to him, he saith, “I am but earth and ashes.” How hath this humility ever been found in great and holy men!

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26. “Who sendeth His crystal like morsels of bread” (ver. 17). We need not spend our toil again in saying what crystal is. We have already said it, and I do not think that ye, beloved, have forgotten it. What is then, “He sendeth His crystal like morsels of bread”? What is “crystal”? It is very hard, it is very tightly congealed; it can not, like snow, be easily melted. Snow, hardened by many years’ duration, and by the succession of ages, is called “crystal,” and this “He sendeth like morsels of bread.” What meaneth this? They were too hard, no longer fit to be compared to snow, but to crystal; but they too are predestinated and called, and some of them even so as to feed others, to be useful to others also. And what need is there to enumerate many, whom we happen to know, this one and that one? Every one when he thinks can recall to mind how hardened and obstinate some of those whom he knows have been, how they have struggled against the truth; yet now they preach the truth, they have been made morsels of bread. Who is that one Bread? “We being many,” saith the Apostle, “are one Body in Christ;” he saith also, “we being many are one Bread and one Body.” If then the whole Body of Christ is one Bread, the members of Christ are morsels of Bread. Of some that are hard He maketh members of Himself, and useful for feeding others.…Behold, the Apostle Paul was a crystal, hard, resisting the truth, crying out against the Gospel, hardening himself, as it were, against the sun.…Since then he was crystal, he appeared clear and white, but he was hard and very cold. How was he bright and white? “An Hebrew of the Hebrews; as touching the law, a Pharisee.” Behold the brightness of crystal. Now hear the hardness of crystal. “As touching zeal, persecuting the Church” of Christ. Among the stoners of the holy martyr Stephen, was he, hard, perhaps harder than all. “For he kept the raiment of all who were stoning,” so that he stoned by the hands of all.

Ergo videmus nivem, nebulam, crystallum: bonum est ut ille spiret, et solvat. Si enim ille non spiraverit, si non ipse duritiam glaciei hujus dissolverit, «In faciem frigoris ejus quis subsistet? In faciem frigoris ejus,» cujus? Dei. Unde est ejus frigus? Ecce deserit peccatorem, ecce non vocat, ecce non aperit sensum, ecce non infundit gratiam: solvatur homo, si potest, glacie stultitiae. Non potest. Quare non potest? «In faciem frigoris ejus quis subsistet?» Vide ergo congelascentem illum, et dicentem: «Video aliam legem in membris meis, repugnantem legi mentis meae, et captivum me ducentem in lege peccati, quae est in membris meis. Miser ego homo, quis me liberabit de corpore mortis hujus?» Ecce frigesco, ecce congelasco; quo calore solvar, ut curram? «Quis me liberabit de corpore mortis hujus? In faciem frigoris ejus quis subsistet?» Et quis seipsum liberabit, si ille deseruerit? Et quis liberat? «Gratia Dei, per Jesum Christum Dominum nostrum» . Audi et hic gratiam Dei: «Qui mittit crystallum suum sicut» «frusta panis: in faciem frigoris ejus quis subsistet?» Ergo desperatio est? Absit. Sequitur enim: «Emittet verbum suum, et tabefaciet ea.» Non ergo desperet nix, non desperet nebula, non desperet crystallum. De nive namque tanquam de lana, conficitur tunica. Nebula illa in poenitentia salutem invenit; quia «quos praedestinavit, illos et vocavit.» Sed licet sint inter praedestinatos durissimi, et multo quasi tempore congelaverint, et crystallum facti fuerint; non erunt duri misericordiae Dei. «Emittet verbum suum, et tabefaciet ea.» Quid est, «tabefaciet?» Ne forte in malo intelligatis «tabefaciet;» liquefaciet, dissolvet. Duri sunt enim per superbiam. Merito et superbia stupor dicitur; quidquid enim stupidum est, frigidum est. Rigorem passi homines quotidie dicunt, Obstupui. Ergo superbia stupor est. «Emittet verbum suum, et tabefaciet ea.» Et revera cumuli nivis cum calefiunt, deliquescunt in humilitate. Quomodo ergo quasi montem nivis erigit stupor, sic stultos erigit superbia. «Emittet verbum suum, et tabefaciet ea.» Ecce venit illud crystallum Saulus post caedem et lapidationem Stephani, duritia quadam stupidus in Christum, petiit litteras a sacerdotibus, ut undique exhibeat Christianos, anhelans caedes. Durus est iste et gelidus contra ignem Dei. Sed quanquam esset durus, quanquam gelidus, ecce ille qui «emittet verbum suum, et tabefaciet ea,» clamavit de coelo fervidus, «Saule, Saule, quid me persequeris» ? Una illa voce, tanta illa duritia crystalli resoluta est. «Emittet» ergo «verbum suum, et tabefaciet ea.» Non desperetur de crystallo; quanto minus de nive, vel de nebula? De ipso crystallo non desperetur. Audi vocem quamdam crystalli: «Qui prius fui blasphemus, et persecutor, et injuriosus.» Sed quare solvit crystallum Deus? Ne de se nix ipsa desperet. Ait enim, «Ideo misericordiam consecutus sum, ut in me ostenderet Christus Jesus omnem patientiam, ad informationem eorum qui credituri sunt illi in vitam aeternam» . Clamat ergo Deus ad gentes: Solvi crystallum, venite nives. «Emittet verbum suum, et tabefaciet ea; spirabit spiritus ejus, et fluent aquae.» Ecce crystallum et nives resolvuntur, eunt in aquas; qui sitiunt, veniant et bibant. Saulus durus ut crystallum, Stephanum est persecutus ad mortem; Paulus jam in aqua viva gentes vocat ad fontem. «Spirabit spiritus ejus, et fluent aquae.» Spiritus fervens: unde dictum est in alio psalmo, «Converte, Domine, captivitatem nostram, sicut torrens in austro» . Captiva enim Jerusalem tanquam congelaverat in Babylonia: flat auster, solvitur rigor captivitatis, et currit in Deum fervor charitatis. «Spirabit spiritus ejus, et fluent aquae.» Fiet in eos fons aquae salientis in vitam aeternam .

147.27 PL 36, 1935

27. Thus then we see “the snow, the mist, the crystal:” it is good that He blow and thaw them. For if He blow not, if He Himself thaw not the hardness of this ice, “in the face of His cold who shall stand?” He abandoneth a sinner, behold, He calleth him not; behold, He openeth not his perception; behold, He poureth not in grace; let the man thaw himself, if he can, from the ice of folly. He cannot. Wherefore can he not? “In the face of His cold who shall stand?” Behold him then growing harder, and saying, “O wretched man that I am! who shall deliver me from the body of this death?” Behold, I am growing cold, behold, I am growing hard, what heat shall thaw me that I may run? “Who shall deliver me from the body of this death?.…In the face of His cold who shall stand?” And who shall free himself, if God abandon him? Who is it that freeth? “The grace of God, through Jesus Christ our Lord.” Are we then to despair? God forbid. For it goeth on, “He shall send out His Word, and melt them” (ver. 18). Let not then the snow despair, nor the mist, nor the crystal. For of the snow, as of wool, a garment is being made. That mist findeth safety in repentance: for, “whom He predestinated, them He also called.” But even though they be the very hardest among the predestinated, though they have been for a long time hardening, and are become crystal, they will not be hard to the mercy of God. “He shall send out His Word, and melt them.” What is “melt”? Understand not “melt” in an ill sense: it meaneth, He shall liquefy, He shall thaw them. For they are hard through pride. Rightly is pride called also dulness: for whatever is dull, is also cold.…Despair not even of the crystal. Hear a saying of the crystal. “Who before was a blasphemer, and a persecutor, and injurious.” But wherefore doth God melt the crystal? That the snow despair not of itself. For he saith, “For this cause I obtained mercy, that in me first Jesus Christ might show forth all long-suffering, for a pattern to them that hereafter should believe on Him unto eternal life.” God then calleth unto the Gentiles, “Be melted, O crystal; come, ye snows.” “His Spirit shall blow, and the waters shall flow.” Lo, the “crystal” and the “snows” are melted, they turn into water, “let them that thirst, come and drink.” Saul, hard as crystal, persecuted Stephen unto death; Paul, now in the living water, calleth the Gentiles to the Fount.…

[«vers. 19.] Annuntians verbum suum Jacob, justitias et judicia sua Israel.» Quas justitias? quae judicia? Quia et quidquid hic humanum genus ante perpessum est, cum esset nix, et nebula, et crystallum, merito perpessum est superbiae et elationis in Deum. Recurramus ad originem casus nostri, et videamus quia verissime in psalmo cantatur: «Priusquam humiliarer, ego deliqui.» Sed qui dicit, «Priusquam humiliarer, ego deliqui;» ipse dicit, «Bonum mihi est quoniam humiliasti me, ut discam justificationes tuas» . Has ergo justificationes a Deo didicit Jacob, qui fecit ipsum Jacob luctari cum Angelo; in cujus Angeli persona ipse Dominus erat luctatus. Tenuit, vim fecit ut teneret, invaluit ut teneret: fecit se teneri misericordia, non infirmitate. Luctatus ergo Jacob praevaluit, tenuit; et quem videbatur vicisse, rogat ut benedicatur ab eo . Quomodo intelligebat cum quo luctatus fuerat, quem tenuerit? Quare violenter est luctatus, et tenuit? Quia «regnum coelorum vim patitur, et qui vim faciunt, diripiunt illud» . Ergo quare luctatus? Quia cum labore. Quare vix tenemus quod facile amisimus? Ne facile recipiendo quod amisimus, discamus perdere quod tenemus. Laboret homo ut teneat; tenebit ad firmitatem quod tenuerit post laborem. Ergo haec judicia sua Deus manifestavit Jacob et Israel. Apertius dicam: id est, quia et justi qui hic sunt, labores, pericula, molestias, passiones pro merito patiuntur, justo judicio Dei. Quia ille solus potest dicere, sine causa hic se passum; quamvis ideo non sine causa, quia propter nos: qui solus potest dicere, «Quae non rapui, tunc exsolvebam» ; qui solus dicere potuit, «Ecce venit princeps hujus mundi, et in me nihil inveniet.» Et quasi diceretur ei, Quare ergo pateris? sequitur et dicit: «Sed ut sciant omnes quia voluntatem Patris mei facio, surgite, eamus hinc» . Caeteri omnes merito suo, judicio Dei, et pro justitia qui patiuntur, non sibi arrogent, quasi passionem innocentiae, qualis in Christo erat. Audi apostolum Petrum: «Tempus est,» inquit, «ut judicium incipiat a domo Domini.» Exhortans martyres et testes Dei, ut omnes minas frementis saeculi patientissime tolerent, ait illis: Tempus est «inchoationis judicii ex domo Dei. Si autem initium a nobis, quis finis eorum qui non credunt Dei Evangelio? et si justus vix salvus fit, peccator et impius ubi parebunt» ? «Annuntians verbum suum Jacob, justitias et judicia sua Israel.»

147.28 PL 36, 1936

28. “Announcing His Word unto Jacob, His Righteousnesses and Judgments unto Israel” (ver. 19). What “Righteousnesses,” what “Judgments”? Because whatever mankind had suffered here before, when it was “snow” and “mist” and “crystal,” it suffered for the deserts of its pride and uplifting against God. Let us go back to the origin of our fall, and see that most truly is it sung in the Psalm, “Before I was troubled I went wrong.” But he who says, “Before I was troubled I went wrong,” saith also, “It is good for me that Thou hast humbled me, that I may learn Thy Righteousnesses.” These righteousnesses Jacob learnt from God, who made him to wrestle with an Angel; under the guise of which Angel, God Himself wrestled with him. He held Him, he exerted violence to hold Him, he prevailed to hold Him: He caused Himself to be held, in mercy, not in weakness. Jacob therefore wrestled, and prevailed: he held Him and when he seemed to have conquered Him asked to be blessed of Him. How did he understand with Whom he had wrestled, Whom he had held? Wherefore did he wrestle violently, and hold Him? Because “the kingdom of heaven suffereth violence, and the violent take it by force.” Wherefore then did he wrestle? Because it is with toil. Wherefore do we with difficulty hold, what we so easily lose? Lest, easily getting back what we have lost, we learn to lose that which we hold. Let man have toil to hold: he will hold firmly, what he has only held after toil. These His judgments therefore God manifested to Jacob and Israel.…

[«vers. 20.] Non fecit sic universae genti.» Nemo vos fallat: non nuntiatum est alicui genti hoc judicium Dei, quomodo patiantur et justi et injusti: quo modo pro merito omnes; quomodo in gratia Dei, non in suis meritis liberentur ipsi justi. Non annuntiatum est hoc universae genti; sed soli Jacob, soli Israel. Quid ergo nos facimus, si non annuntiavit universae genti, sed tantum Jacob, tantum Israel? Ubi erimus nos? In Jacob et in Israel. «Judicia sua non manifestavit eis.» Quibus? Omnibus gentibus. Et quomodo vocatae sunt nives, soluto crystallo? quomodo vocatae sunt gentes, justificato Paulo? Quomodo, nisi ut essent in Jacob? Praecisus est oleaster, ut insereretur in olivam . Jam ad olivam pertinent; jam non debent dici gentes, sed una gens in Christo, gens Jacob, gens Israel. Quare gens Jacob et gens Israel? Quia Jacob de Isaac, Isaac de Abraham. Abrahae autem quid dictum est? «In semine tuo benedicentur omnes gentes.» Hoc idem dictum est ad Isaac, hoc et ad Jacob . Pertinemus ergo ad Jacob; quia pertinemus ad Isaac, pertinemus ad Abraham. Semen enim Abrahae, non me vel quolibet homine, sed Apostolo sancto interpretante, Christus est: et ipse ait, «Non dicit, Et seminibus tanquam in multis; sed tanquam in uno, Et semini tuo, quod est Christus» . Si unum semen, unus Jacob, unus Israel, et omnes gentes unus in Christo. Ergo ad omnes pertinet gentes, quod revelavit ipsi Jacob et ipsi Israel; et illi soli in aliis gentibus deputandi sunt, qui nolentes credere in Christum, nolunt recedere ab oleastro et inseri olivae. Remanebunt in silvosis rami steriles et amari. Gaudeat Jacob. Quid est Jacob? Supplantator; quia supplantavit fratrem Jacob . «Caecitas» enim «ex parte Israel facta est, ut plenitudo Gentium intraret» . De Jacob factus est Israel. Quid est Israel? Jam omnes audiamus, omnes Israel, sive qui hic estis in membris Christi, sive qui foris et non foris, et per omnes gentes ubique foris, ubique intus; audiat ipse Israel, qui ex Jacob factus est Israel. Quid est Israel? Videns Deum. Ubi videbit Deum? In pace. In qua pace? Pace Jerusalem; quia, «Posuit,» inquit, «fines tuos pacem.» Ibi laudabimus, omnes unus in uno ad unum erimus; quia deinceps multi dispersi non erimus.

147.29 PL 36, 1913

29. “He hath not done so to the whole race” (ver. 20). Let none deceive you: it is not announced to any nation, this judgment of God; namely, how the righteous and the unrighteous suffer, how all suffer for their deserts, how the righteous themselves are freed by the grace of God, not in their own merits. This is not announced to the whole race, but only to Jacob, only to Israel. What then do we, if He hath not announced it to the whole race, but only to Jacob, only to Israel? Where will we be? In Jacob. “He hath not manifested His judgments to them.” To whom? To all nations. How then are the “snows” called, when the crystal is melted? How are the nations called, now Paul is justified? How, save to be in Jacob? The wild olive is cut off from its stock, to be grafted into the olive: now they belong to the olive, no longer ought they to be called nations, but one nation in Christ, the nation of Jacob, the nation of Israel…What is Israel? “Seeing God.” Where shall he see God? In peace. What peace? The peace of Jerusalem; for, saith he, “He hath set peace for thy borders.” There shall we praise: there shall we all be one, in One, unto One: for then, though many, we shall not be scattered.

Philip Schaff (ed.), Buffalo/New York: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1886-1889. Public domain: English translation first published 1885-1900 (Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series). Latin: Migne, Patrologia Latina (1844-1855), public domain; transcription from Corpus Corporum (University of Zurich).

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