Dogmatic Theology

Sacraments, Grace, Virtues and Gifts (Sacramenti, Grazia, Virtù e Doni)

• Acolytate (ACCOLITATO) Vol. I, p. 145
  ACOLYTATE. - From ἀκολουθέω, to follow, to serve, it is a minor order, created in the Latin Church to relieve deacons of some of their…
• Anglican Ordinations (ANGLICANE, ORDINAZIONI) Vol. I, p. 778
  ANGLICAN ORDINATIONS. - 1. Background. - The question concerning the validity of Anglican ordinations, that is, whether ministers ordained…
• Atonement (ESPIAZIONE) Vol. V, p. 378
  ATONEMENT. - The act by which (either by the sinner himself or by others in his stead) the offense and the wrong done to the divinity by…
• Bannesianism (BANNESIANESIMO) Vol. II, p. 469
  BANNESIANISM. - It is the school of theological thought that traces back to Bañez (v.), characterized in general by a rigorous adherence to…
• Baptism (BATTESIMO) Vol. II, p. 592
  BAPTISM. - One of the seven Sacraments instituted by Jesus Christ, the first that can be received and that allows one to receive all the…
• Baptism of Dissidents (BATTESIMO DEI DISSIDENTI) Vol. II, p. 615
  BAPTISM OF DISSIDENTS. - By dissidents are meant here those who belong either to the separated Eastern Churches or to the communions or…
• Confession (CONFESSIONE) Vol. IV, p. 149
  CONFESSION. - By C. is sometimes understood the sacrament of Penance itself, which is therefore commonly also called the sacrament of C.…
• Confirmation (CRESIMA) Vol. IV, p. 502
  CRESIMA. It is the term commonly used in Italy to indicate the sacrament of Confirmation. SUMMARY: I. Dogmatic theology of C. - II. Moral…
• Congruism (CONGRUISMO) Vol. IV, p. 220
  CONGRUISM. - The name of this theological system derives from St. Augustine, who in Book I of De diversis quaestionibus ad Simplicianum,…
• Conversion (CONVERSIONE) Vol. IV, p. 290
  CONVERSION. - A term derived from the Latin convertere (to turn, to turn back), which in theological language generally means the return of…
• Deacon and Archdeacon (DIACONO E ARCIDIACONO) Vol. IV, p. 890
  DEACON AND ARCHDEACON. - Etymologically derived from διάκονος (servant), it is today the second of the Major Orders (v. SACRED ORDER). In…
• Divine Consortium (CONSORZIO DIVINO) Vol. IV, p. 251
  DIVINE CONSORTIUM. - This is a theological expression, derived from Sacred Scripture (2 Pt. 1:4), which signifies that mysterious divine…
• Epiclesis (EPICLESI) Vol. V, p. 265
  EPICLESIS. - According to its etymology, the word e. (in Greek: ἐπίκλησις, from ἐπι-καλῶ, I call upon) means "invocation, prayer";…
• Eucharist (EUCARISTIA) Vol. V, p. 450
  EUCHARIST. - It is the prolongation of the Incarnation (Leo XIII, encyclical Mirae caritatis, 18 May 1902). Just as the Word of God made…
• Eucharistic Accidents (ACCIDENTI EUCARISTICI) Vol. I, p. 143
  EUCHARISTIC ACCIDENTS. - These are the appearances of bread and wine which, remaining unchanged after transubstantiation (v.), constitute…
• Eucharistic Communion (COMUNIONE EUCARISTICA) Vol. IV, p. 93
  EUCHARISTIC COMMUNION. - It is the real participation, under the external appearances of bread and wine, in the sacrificial banquet, in…
• Eucharistic Miracles (MIRACOLI EUCARISTICI) Vol. VIII, p. 646
  EUCHARISTIC MIRACLES. - The Eucharist, although it implies Transubstantiation, the presence "per modum substantiae" of the Body and Blood…
• Extreme Unction (Holy Oil) (ESTREMA UNZIONE (OLIO SANTO)) Vol. V, p. 403
  EXTREME UNCTION (HOLY OIL). - It is the Sacrament instituted by Jesus Christ for the spiritual and bodily relief of the faithful who are…
• Faith (FEDE) Vol. V, p. 654
  FAITH. - In the technical sense it is the adherence of the intellect, under the influence of Grace, to a Truth revealed by God, not by…
• Gifts Of The Holy Spirit (DONI DELLO SPIRITO SANTO) Vol. IV, p. 1079
  GIFTS OF THE HOLY SPIRIT. - Supernatural habits, which perfect the infused virtues and dispose our faculties to obey the divine motions…
• Grace (GRAZIA) Vol. VI, p. 618
  GRACE. - It derives from the Greek root χvarphi (cf. Latin gratus), which carries the sense of enjoyment and delight and gave rise to the…
• Hope (SPERANZA) Vol. XI, p. 667
  HOPE. - The original meaning of the term Ἀπίς is desire; to hope is to tend toward an object that appears to us as a good. Hope, considered…
• Impediments (IMPEDIMENTI) Vol. VI, p. 989
  IMPEDIMENTS. - From the Latin impedimentum (the verb impedio expresses the action by which the feet are entangled), i. means in general and…
• Indulgences (INDULGENZE) Vol. VI, p. 1099
  INDULGENCES. - Indulgentia, indulgere, in its proper sense indicates condescension, and to condescend, in the various shades of the idea.…
• Iteration of the Sacraments (ITERAZIONE DEI SACRAMENTI) Vol. VII, p. 337
  ITERATION OF THE SACRAMENTS. - From Lat. iterare (to do a second time), it is the repeated conferral of the Sacraments, made to the same…
• Lapsi, Controversy of the (LAPSI, CONTROVERSIA DEI) Vol. VII, p. 557
  LAPSI, Controversy of the. - In the 3rd century those Christians who apostatized from the faith during the persecution of Decius (250) were…
• Lectureship (LETTORATO) Vol. VII, p. 736
  LECTURESHIP. - It is the second of the minor orders in the Latin Church, the only minor order in the Eastern Church, since the subdiaconate…
• Marriage (MATRIMONIO) Vol. VIII, p. 262
  MARRIAGE. - Considered historically, it may be defined as the union of man and woman for the purpose of the propagation and education of…
• Mass (MESSA) Vol. VIII, p. 459
  MASS. - It is the sacrifice of the New Law, in which, under the sacramental species, the same victim of Calvary, Jesus Christ, is offered,…
• Merit of Man (MERITO DELL'UOMO) Vol. VIII, p. 437
  MERIT OF MAN. - Merit, theologically, is the good work which, performed by man under determinate conditions, is worthy of supernatural…
• Monogamy (MONOGAMIA) Vol. VIII, p. 781
  MONOGAMY. - I. THEORIES AND RESEARCH ON ORIGINS. - The first to challenge the traditional thesis concerning the monogamous marital…
• Order and Ordination (ORDINE E ORDINAZIONE) Vol. IX, p. 154
  ORDER AND ORDINATION. - Order is the Sacrament, instituted by Jesus Christ, by which the ministers of Christian worship are constituted. I.…
• Original Sin (PECCATO ORIGINALE) Vol. IX, p. 636
  ORIGINAL SIN. - Privation of sanctifying grace, or lack of the friendship of God, in every man who is born, caused by Adam, through his…
• Penance (PENITENZA) Vol. IX, p. 676
  PENANCE. - Sacrament instituted by Jesus Christ, by which personal p. (paenitentia virtus) is linked with an ecclesiastical judgment to…
• Polyandry (POLIANDRIA) Vol. IX, p. 1000
  POLYANDRY. - From the Greek πολύς = much and ἀνήρ = man, it is the simultaneous marital cohabitation of one woman with several men. I.…
• Preternatural Gifts (DONI PRETERNATURALI) Vol. IV, p. 1081
  PRETERNATURAL GIFTS. - I. NOTION. - By this expression are usually meant the privileges that Adam and Eve received at the beginning, in the…
• Priesthood of the Faithful (SACERDOZIO DEI FEDELI) Vol. X, p. 916
  PRIESTHOOD OF THE FAITHFUL. - It is the power to participate in the acts of Christian worship communicated to the faithful in Baptism. I.…
• Priest, Presbyterate (PRESBITERO, PRESBITERATO) Vol. IX, p. 1169
  PRIEST, PRESBYTERATE. - Greek term (πρεσβύτερος: elder) by which the second degree (priest) of the hierarchy of Order (v.) is designated.…
• Regeneration (Theology) (RIGENERAZIONE (TEOLOGIA)) Vol. X, p. 536
  REGENERATION (THEOLOGY). - Principal positive effect of justification, brought about in Baptism (v. BAPTISM; MYSTERIES; ORPHIC MYSTERIES;…
• Reordination (RIORDINAZIONE) Vol. X, p. 558
  REORDINATION. - A modern term denoting the practice that arose in certain periods, and only in certain circles, of repeating an Ordination…
• Reviviscence of the Sacraments (REVIVISCENZA DEI SACRAMENTI) Vol. X, p. 488
  REVIVAL OF THE SACRAMENTS. - In modern theology, a Sacrament which, although validly received, did not produce Grace because of a moral…
• Sacramental Character (CARATTERE SACRAMENTALE) Vol. III, p. 453
  SACRAMENTAL CHARACTER. - A spiritual, indelible mark imprinted on the soul by certain Sacraments. I. THE DOCTRINE OF THE COUNCIL OF TRENT.…
• Sacraments (SACRAMENTI) Vol. X, p. 933
  SACRAMENTS. - In the New Testament they are sensible signs productive of Grace, instituted by Jesus Christ. The word sacramentum (which…
• Subdeacon (SUDDIACONO) Vol. XI, p. 904
  SUBDEACON. - It is the first, in ascending order, of the sacred and major Orders. The term s. (Gk. ὑποδιάκονος: subminister) indicates the…
• Supernatural Gifts And Original Justice (DONI SOPRANNATURALI E GIUSTIZIA ORIGINALE) Vol. IV, p. 1082
  SUPERNATURAL GIFTS AND ORIGINAL JUSTICE. - I. NOTIONS. - All Catholic theologians admit that the state of original justice, that is, the…
• Transubstantiation (TRANSUSTANZIAZIONE) Vol. XII, p. 288
  TRANSUBSTANTIATION. - Etymologically (Lat. trans = beyond, substantia = substance) it indicates the passage of one substance into another.…