SETIF. – It is the Sitifis, a Roman colony of veterans founded by Nerva in Mauretania (Algeria), called «Colonia Nerviana Augusta Martiaris veteranorum Sitifensium».
At the end of the 3rd century it became the capital of Mauretania Sitifensis (CIL, VIII, 8475–76). It suffered a violent earthquake in the time of s. Agostino. The first record of bishops of S. is found in a letter of s. Agostino from the year 409, in which the bishop Severo is named (Ep., 111); Novato was present at the Council of 419 and is mentioned in letters 185 and 229 of s. Agostino; he died in 440, as attested by his epitaph (CIL, VIII, 8634; P. Monceaux, Enquête sur l'épigraphie chrétienne d'Afrique, Parigi 1907, p. 134, n. 201). Lorenzo was probably the bishop who, on 3 August 452, dedicated a memorial to the Roman martyr of the same name (CIL, VIII, 8630), «in hoc loco sancto depositae sunt». Donato was bishop in 484; Ottato was so from 525; Cresciuto belongs to the 5th or 6th century; it was still an episcopal see at the beginning of the 8th century (H. Gelzer, Byzantinische Zeitschrift, 2 [1893], p. 26); today S. is only a titular see. The remains of a church with a baptistery were found at S.; to the north-west of the city, a dedication of an oratory in honour of the martyrs Giusto and Decurio was discovered: «qui bene confessi vicerunt arma maligna, praemia victores Cristi meruere coronam» (G. B. De Rossi, Scoperta di insigni storiche epigrafi di Milevi [Mileto], di Sitifi [S.], ecc., in Bull. arch. crist., 2ª serie, 6 [1875], p. 171; 3ª serie, 1 [1876], tav. 3; CIL, VIII, 8631). The following inscription was found engraved on a brick: «Hic m(e)m(oriae) a(an)c(t)or(um) Stefani (et) Iuliani pos(itae) su(n)t XII K(a)l(endas) apr(i)l(es) N(abori) e S(an)c(t) Stefani» (CIL, VIII, 8632). Other Christian sanctuaries stood to the north of the city of S.; mosaic inscriptions were found there (ibid., 8629, 20409; S. Gsell, Monuments de l'Algérie, II, Parigi 1901, p. 256). In 409 S. had a convent of women religious and an episcopal school (s. Agostino, Ep., 84, 1). Among the Christian inscriptions discovered, a fragment of an inscription of a presbyter may be mentioned (CIL, VIII, 20411). The inscription of the year 384 from a funerary chapel built by a certain «Flavius Eustasius» and his wife «Iulia Crescentina» contains the formula «in nomine Dei et Cristi eius» (ibid., 20412). Some Christian inscriptions are inspired by the psalms (ibid., 8621–25); one commemorates the feast of Christmas: «Natale Domini Cristi VIII. Kal. Ianuaras» (ibid., 8628; P. Monceaux, Enquête sur l'épigraphie chrétienne d'Afrique, Parigi 1907, p. 126, n. 307).

Sempre nella Mauretania Sitifense, due diaconi, Primo e Donato, furono uccisi dai donatisti (Ottato, De schismate Donatistarum, II, 18). A sud-ovest di S., ad Ain-Melloul, un'iscrizione ricorda la « me(n)sa martyrum Donatus, Felix, Novici, Baric, qui passi sunt Guruzis » (P. Monceaux, Enquête, cit., nn. 311, 254). A Kesseria un'iscrizione in musaico d'una « clarissima femina Cypriana » è dell'a. 454 (P. Gauckler, in Bull. archéol. du Comité, 1892, pp. 124-25).
A 10 km. a sud di S. in località Mesloug si rinvenne nel 1856, sotto un antico altare, un deposito di reliquie coperto da una pietra con l'iscrizione: « Hic m(e)m(oriae) sanctoru(m) Bincenti, Felicis, Cortanti et Victorie posite
a sanctu Crescituru episcu(po) die III Kl aprilis amen ». Vincenzo, Felice e Vittoria sono i martiri di Abitina messi a morte a Cartagine il 12 febbr. 304 (S. Gsell, in Bulletin archéol. du Comité, 1899, p. 454, n. 6).
A 50 km. a sud-est di S. in località Henchir-el-Ateuch fin dal 1893 si conobbe una basilica a tre navate (M. Simon, Fouilles dans la basilique d'Henchir-el-Ateuch, in Mélanges d'arch. et d'hist., 51 [1934], pp. 143-77). A Guellal (l'antico Castellum Dianense) si rinvenne l'iscrizione « me(n)sa Migini subdiaconi die III idus iunias » (E. Albertini, Inscriptions romaines d'Algérie, in Bulletin archéol. du Comité, 1925, p. 172, n. 3).