The tribes of Ruben and Gad, and half of the tribe of Manasses, receive their inheritance on the east side of Jordan, upon conditions approved of by Moses.
The children of Ruben and Gad, demanding to haue inheritance on that side Iordan, where they yet are, 7. Moyses iustly rebuketh them; 16. yet vpon condition that they wil march first ouer Iordan, and remaine the first in battle, til the land be subdued to the children of Israel, 28. he granteth to them, and the halfe tribe of Manasses, that which they request.
1And the sons of Ruben and Gad had many flocks of cattle, and their substance in beasts was infinite. And when they saw the lands of Jazer and Galaad fit for feeding cattle,Or i figliuoli di Ruben e di Gad aveano molti bestiami, e un capitale immenso in giumenti. E avendo veduto, come le terre di Jazer e di Galaad erano atte a nutrir animali.AND the children of Ruben and Gad had much cattel, and they had in beastes an infinite substance. And when they had seene Iazer and Galaad fitte countries for to feede cattel,Filii autem Ruben et Gad habebant pecora multa, et erat illis in jumentis infinita substantia. Cumque vidissent Jazer et Galaad aptas animalibus alendis terras, 2They came to Moses and Eleazar the priest, and the princes of the multitude, and said:Si presentarono a Mosè, e ad Eleazaro sommo sacerdote, e a' principi del popolo, e dissero:they came to Moyses and Eleazar the priest, and the princes of the multitude, and said:venerunt ad Moysen, et ad Elezarum sacerdotem, et principes multitudinis, atque dixerunt: 3Ataroth, and Dibon, and Jazer, and Nemra, Hesebon, and Eleale, and Saban, and Nebo, and Beon,Ataroth, e Dibon, e Jazer, e Nemra, Hesebon, ed Eleale, e Saban, e Nebo, e Beon,Ataroth, and Dibon, and Iazer, and Nemra, Hesebon, and Eleale, and Sabam, and Nebo, and Beon,Ataroth, et Dibon, et Jazer, et Nemra, Hesebon, et Eleale, et Saban, et Nebo, et Beon, 4The land, which the Lord hath conquered in the sight of the children of Israel, is a very fertile soil for the feeding of beasts: and we thy servants have very much cattle:Terre, che il Signore ha domate per mano de' figliuoli d'Israele, sono un paese grassissimo pel pascolo degli animali: e noi tuoi servi abbiamo molti bestiami;the land, which our Lord smote in the sight of the children of Israel, is of a verie plentiful soile for the feeding of beastes: and we thy seruantes haue very much cattel:terra, quam percussit Dominus in conspectu filiorum Israël, regio uberrima est ad pastum animalium: et nos servi tui habemus jumenta plurima, 5And we pray thee, if we have found favour in thy sight, that thou give it to us thy servants in possession, and make us not pass over the Jordan.E ti preghiamo che se abbiam trovato grazia dinanzi a te, tu lo dia a noi tuoi servi per nostra possessione, e non ci facci passare il Giordano.and we pray thee if we haue found grace before thee, that thou geue vs thy seruantes the same in possession, and make vs not passe ouer Iordanprecamurque si invenimus gratiam coram te, ut des nobis famulis tuis eam in possessionem, nec facias nos transire Jordanem.
6And Moses answered them: What, shall your brethren go to fight, and will you sit here?Rispose Mosè: Anderanno eglino i vostri fratelli a combattere, e voi starete qui a sedere?To whom Moyses answered: Why shal your brethren goe to sight, and wil you sitte here?Quibus respondit Moyses: Numquid fratres vestri ibunt ad pugnam, et vos hic sedebitis ? 7Why do ye overturn the minds of the children of Israel, that they may not dare to pass into the place which the Lord hath given them?Per qual motivo disanimate voi i figliuoli d'Israele a segno, che non abbian coraggio di andare nel paese, che il Signore vuol dare ad essi?Why subuert you the mindes of the children of Israel, that they may not be bold to passe into the place, which our Lord wil geue them?cur subvertitis mentes filiorum Israël, ne transire audeant in locum, quem eis daturus est Dominus ? 8Was it not thus your fathers did, when I sent from Cadesbarne to view the land?Non fecer eglino altrettanto i padri vostri, allorché io da Cadesbarne mandai ad esaminare il paese?Did not your fathers so, when I sent from Cadesbarne to view the Land?Nonne ita egerunt patres vestri, quando misi de Cadesbarne ad explorandam terram ? 9And when they were come as far as the valley of the cluster, having viewed all the country, they overturned the hearts of the children of Israel, that they should not enter into the coasts, which the Lord gave them.Ed eglino essendo arrivati fino alla valle del Grappolo, girato avendo tutto il paese, disanimarono i figliuoli d'Israele, perché non entrassero nella terra assegnata loro dal Signore.And when they were come as farre as the Valley of cluster, hauing viewed al the countrie, they subuerted the hart of the children of Israel, that they should not enter the coastes, which our Lord gaue them.cumque venissent usque ad Vallem botri, lustrata omni regione, subverterunt cor filiorum Israël, ut non intrarent fines, quos eis Dominus dedit. 10And he swore in his anger, saying:Onde irato con essi giurò, e disse:Who being wrath sware, saying:Qui iratus juravit, dicens: 11If these men, that came up out of Egypt, from twenty years old and upward, shall see the land, which I promised with an oath to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob: because they would not follow me,Questi uomini usciti dall'Egitto dall'età di venti anni in poi, non vedranno la terra promessa da me con giuramento ad Abramo, ad Isacco, e Giacobbe, perché non hanno voluto seguir me,If these men, that came vp out of Aegypt, from twentie yeares and vpward, shal see the land, which vnder othe I promised to Abraham, Isaac, and Iacob: and they would not folow me,Si videbunt homines isti, qui ascenderunt ex Ægypto a viginti annis et supra, terram, quam sub juramento pollicitus sum Abraham, Isaac, et Jacob: et noluerunt sequi me, 12Except Caleb the son of Jephone the Cenezite, and Josue the son of Nun: these have fulfilled my will.Eccetto Caleb figliuolo di Jephone Cenezeo, e Giosuè figliuolo di Nun: questi hanno adempiuta la mia volontà.except Caleb the sonne of Iephone the Cenezeite, and Iosue the sonne of Nun: these haue fulfilled my wil.præter Caleb filium Jephone Cenezæum, et Josue filium Nun: isti impleverunt voluntatem meam.
13And the Lord being angry against Israel, led them about through the desert forty years, until the whole generation, that had done evil in his sight, was consumed.E il Signore sdegnato con Israele lo ha fatto andar girando pel deserto quarant'anni, sino a tanto che quella generazione, che avea fatto il male dinanzi a lui, fosse consunta.And our Lord being wrath agaynst Israel, led him about through the desert fourtie yeares, vntil the whole generation was consumed, that had done euil in his sight.Iratusque Dominus adversum Israël, circumduxit eum per desertum quadraginta annis, donec consumeretur universa generatio, quæ fecerat malum in conspectu ejus. 14And behold, said he, you are risen up instead of your fathers, the increase and offspring of sinful men, to augment the fury of the Lord against Israel.E adesso (diss'egli) siete usciti fuora voi in luogo dei padri vostri, rampolli ed allievi di uomini peccatori, ad attizzare il furor del Signore contro Israele.And behold, quoth he, you are risen vp in steed of your fathers, the ofspring and disciples of sinful men, to augment the furie of our Lord agaynst Israel.Et ecce, inquit, vos surrexistis pro patribus vestris, incrementa et alumni hominum peccatorum, ut augeretis furorem Domini contra Israël. 15For if you will not follow him, he will leave the people in the wilderness, and you shall be the cause of the destruction of all.Ma se voi non vorrete seguirlo, egli lascerà il popolo nella solitudine, e voi sarete cagione dello sterminio di tutti.But if you wil not folow him, he wil leaue the people in the wildernesse, and you shal be the cause of the death of al.Quod si nolueritis sequi eum, in solitudine populum derelinquet, et vos causa eritis necis omnium. 16But they coming near, said: We will make sheepfolds, and stalls for our cattle, and strong cities for our children:Ma quegli fattisi più da presso dissero: Noi fabbricheremo dei recinti per le pecore, e delle stalle pe' giumenti, e le città forti pe' nostri fanciulli:But they coming nere, said: We wil make shepcottes, and stalles for our cattel, for our litle ones also fensed cities:At illi prope accedentes, dixerunt: Caulas ovium fabricabimus, et stabula jumentorum, parvulis quoque nostris urbes munitas: 17And we ourselves will go armed and ready for battle before the children of Israel, until we bring them in unto their places. Our little ones, and all we have, shall be in walled cities, for fear of the ambushes of the inhabitants.Noi poi armati, e in ordine anderemo alle battaglie innanzi a' figliuoli d'Israele, sino a tanto che gli avremo introdotti ne' luoghi loro. I nostri fanciulli, e tutti i nostri beni resteranno nelle città munite per esser sicuri dalle insidie di quegli abitanti.and we our selues armed and girded wil march on to battle before the children of Israel, vntil we bring them in vnto their places. Our litle ones and whatsoeuer we can haue, shal be in walled cities, because of the lying of wayte of the inhabitantes.nos autem ipsi armati et accincti pergemus ad prælium ante filios Israël, donec introducamus eos ad loca sua. Parvuli nostri, et quidquid habere possumus, erunt in urbibus muratis, propter habitatorum insidias.
18We will not return into our houses until the children of Israel possess their inheritance:Noi non torneremo alle nostre case, sino a tanto che i figliuoli d'Israele sieno al possesso della loro eredità:We wil not returne into our houses, vntil the children of Israel possesse their inheritance:Non revertemur in domos nostras, usque dum possideant filii Israël hæreditatem suam: 19Neither will we seek any thing beyond the Jordan, because we have already our possession on the east side thereof,E non cercheremo nulla di là dal Giordano, perché abbiam già la nostra porzione dalla parte orientale di esso.neither wil we seeke any thing beyound Iordan, because already we haue our possession on the east side therof.nec quidquam quæremus trans Jordanem, quia jam habemus nostram possessionem in orientali ejus plaga. 20And Moses said to them: If you do what you promise, go on well appointed for war before the Lord:Rispose loro Mosè: se voi fate quello che promettete, andate pronti alla pugna davanti al Signore:To whom Moyses said: If you doe that you promisse, march on wel appointed before our Lord to fight:Quibus Moyses ait: Si facitis quod promittitis, expediti pergite coram Domino ad pugnam: 21And let every fighting man pass over the Jordan, until the Lord overthrow his enemies:E ogni uomo atto alla guerra passi armato il Giordano, per fino a tanto che abbia il Signore distrutti i suoi nemici.and let euerie man of warre passe ouer Iordan, vntil our Lord subuert his enemies,et omnis vir bellator armatus Jordanem transeat, donec subvertat Dominus inimicos suos, 22And all the land be brought under him, then shall you be blameless before the Lord and before Israel, and you shall obtain the countries that you desire, before the Lord.E sia soggetto a lui tutto quel paese: allora voi sarete irreprensibili presso il Signore, e presso Israele, e otterrete con approvazione del Signore le terre, che voi bramate.and al the Land be subdued to him: then shal you be blamelesse before our Lord and before Israel, and you shal obteyne the countries that you would in the sight of our Lord.et subjiciatur ei omnis terra: tunc eritis inculpabiles apud Dominum et apud Israël, et obtinebitis regiones, quas vultis, coram Domino. 23But if you do not what you say, no man can doubt but you sin against God: and know ye, that your sin shall overtake you.Se poi non farete quello che dite, non v'ha dubbio, che peccherete contro Dio: e sappiate, che il vostro peccato vi coglierà.But if you doe not, that which you say, no man can doubt but you sinne against God: and know ye that your sinne shal apprehend you.Sin autem quod dicitis, non feceritis, nulli dubium est quin peccetis in Deum: et scitote quoniam peccatum vestrum apprehendet vos.
24Build therefore cities for your children, and folds and stalls for your sheep and beasts, and accomplish what you have promised.Rifabbricate adunque le città pe' vostri fanciulli, e de' recinti, e delle stalle pelle pecore, e pe' giumenti: e adempite la vostra promessa.Build therfore cities for your litle ones, and sheepecotes and stalles for your sheepe and cattel: and accomplish that which you haue promised.Ædificate ergo urbes parvulis vestris, et caulas, et stabula ovibus ac jumentis: et quod polliciti estis, implete. 25And the children of Gad and Ruben said to Moses: We are thy servants, we will do what my lord commandeth.E dissero i figliuoli di Gad, e di Ruben a Mosè: Noi siamo tuoi servi, faremo quello che ci comanda il Signor nostro.And the children of Gad and Ruben said to Moyses: We are thy seruantes, we wil do that which our lord commandeth.Dixeruntque filii Gad et Ruben ad Moysen: Servi tui sumus: faciemus quod jubet dominus noster. 26We will leave our children, and our wives and sheep and cattle, in the cities of Galaad:Lasceremo i nostri fanciulli, e le donne, e i greggi, e i giumenti nelle città di Galaad:We wil leaue our litle ones, and our wiues, and sheepe, and cattel in the cities of Galaad:Parvulos nostros, et mulieres, et pecora, ac jumenta relinquemus in urbibus Galaad: 27And we thy servants all well appointed will march on to the war, as thou, my lord, speakest.E noi tutti servi tuoi andremo pronti alla guerra, come dici tu, o signore.and we thy seruantes al wel appoynted wil march on to the warre, as thou my lord speakest.nos autem famuli tui omnes expediti pergemus ad bellum, sicut tu, domine, loqueris. 28Moses therefore commanded Eleazar the priest, and Josue the son of Nun, and the princes of the families of all the tribes of Israel, and said to them:Mosè dunque intimò, e disse ad Eleazaro sacerdote, e a Giosuè figliuolo di Nun, e a' principi, delle famiglie delle tribù d'Israele:Moyses therfore commanded Eleazar the priest, and Iosue the sonne of Nun, and the princes of the families by the tribes of Israel, and he said to them:Præcepit ergo Moyses Eleazaro sacerdoti, et Josue filio Nun, et principibus familiarum per tribus Israël, et dixit ad eos: 29If the children of Gad, and the children of Ruben pass with you over the Jordan, all armed for war before the Lord, and the land be made subject to you: give them Galaad in possession.Se i figliuoli di Gad e di Ruben passeranno con voi il Giordano tutti armati per combattere davanti al Signore, conquistato che sia da voi quel paese, date loro la terra di Galaad in dominio.If the children of Gad, and the children of Ruben passe with you ouer Iordan al armed to the warre before our Lord, and the Land be subdued to you: geue them Galaad in possession.Si transierint filii Gad et filii Ruben vobiscum Jordanem omnes armati ad bellum coram Domino, et vobis fuerit terra subjecta, date eis Galaad in possessionem.
30But if they will not pass armed with you into the land of Chanaan, let them receive places to dwell in among you.Ma se non vorranno passare con voi nella terra di Canaan, abbiano tra voi il luogo da abitare.But if they wil not passe armed with you into the Land of Chanaan, let them take places to dwel in among you.Sin autem noluerint transire armati vobiscum in terram Chanaan, inter vos habitandi accipiant loca. 31And the children of Gad, and the children of Ruben answered: As the Lord hath spoken to his servants, so will we do:Risposero i figliuoli di Gad e di Ruben: Come ha detto il Signore a' suoi servi, così faremo:And the children of Gad, and the children of Ruben answered: As our lord hath spoken to his seruantes, so Wil we doe:Responderuntque filii Gad et filii Ruben: Sicut locutus est Dominus servis suis, ita faciemus: 32We will go armed before the Lord into the land of Chanaan, and we confess that we have already received our possession beyond the Jordan.Noi armati andremo sotto la condotta del Signore nella terra di Canaan, e confessiamo di aver già ricevuta la porzione nostra di qua del Giordano.our selues atmed wil march before our Lord into the Land of Chanaan, and we confesse that we haue already receiued our possession beyond Iordan.ipsi armati pergemus coram Domino in terram Chanaan, et possessionem jam suscepisse nos confitemur trans Jordanem. 33Moses therefore gave to the children of Gad and of Ruben, and to the half tribe of Manasses the son of Joseph, the kingdom of Sehon king of the Amorrhites, and the kingdom of Og king of Basan, and their land and the cities thereof round about.Diede adunque Mosè ai figliuoli di Gad e di Ruben, e a mezza la tribù di Manasse figliuolo di Giuseppe il regno di Sehon re degli Amorrhei, e il regno di Og re di Basan, e la terra di essi colle città all'intorno.Moyses therfore gaue to the children of Gad and Ruben, and to the halfe tribe of Manasses the sonne of Ioseph, the kingdome of Sehon king of the Amorrheite, and the kingdome of Og king of Basan, and their land and the cities therof round about.Dedit itaque Moyses filiis Gad et Ruben, et dimidiæ tribui Manasse filii Joseph, regnum Sehon regis Amorrhæi, et regnum Og regis Basan, et terram eorum cum urbibus suis per circuitum. 34And the sons of Gad built Dibon, and Ataroth, and Aroer,I figliuoli adunque di Gad, fabbricarono Dibon, e Ataroth, e Aroer,Therfore the sonnes of Gad built Dibon, and Ataroth, and Aroer,Igitur exstruxerunt filii Gad, Dibon, et Ataroth, et Aroër, 35And Etroth, and Sophan, and Jazer, and Jegbaa,Ed Etroth, e Sophan, e Jazer, e Jeghaa,and Etroth, and Sophan, and Iazar, and Iegbaa,et Etroth, et Sophan, et Jazer, et Jegbaa, 36And Bethnemra, and Betharan, fenced cities, and folds for their cattle.E Bethnemra, e Betharan città munite, e parchi pe' loro bestiami.and Bethnemra, and Betharan, cities fensed, aud sheepecotes for their sheepe.et Bethnemra, et Betharan, urbes munitas, et caulas pecoribus suis.
37But the children of Ruben built Hesebon, and Eleale, and Cariathaim,E i figliuoli di Ruben edificarono Hesebon, ed Eleale, e Cariathaim,But the children of Ruben builded Hesebon, and Eleale, and Cariathaim,Filii vero Ruben ædificaverunt Hesebon, et Eleale, et Cariathaim, 38And Nabo, and Baalmeon (their names being changed) and Sabama: giving names to the cities which they had built.E Nabo, e Baalmeon, e parimente Sabama, cangiati i nomi, e imponendone altri alle città che edificarono.and Nabo, and Baalmeon changing their names, Sabama also: geuing names to the cities, which they had built.et Nabo, et Baalmeon versis nominibus, Sabama quoque: imponentes vocabula urbibus, quas exstruxerunt. 39Moreover the children of Machir, the son of Manasses, went into Galaad, and wasted it, cutting off the Amorrhites, the inhabitants thereof.E i figliuoli di Machir figliuolo di Manasse entrarono nella terra di Galaad, e la devastarono uccisi gli Amorrhei, che la abitavano.Moreouer the children of Machir, the sonne of Manasses went into Galaad, and wasted it killing the Amorrheite the inhabiter therof.Porro filii Machir filii Manasse, perrexerunt in Galaad, et vastaverunt eam interfecto Amorrhæo habitatore ejus. 40And Moses gave the land of Galaad to Machir the son of Manasses, and he dwelt in it.Diede adunque Mosè la terra di Galaad a Machir figliuolo di Manasse, il quale l'abitòMoyses therfore gaue the land of Galaad to Machir the sonne of Manasses, who dwelt in it.Dedit ergo Moyses terram Galaad Machir filio Manasse, qui habitavit in ea. 41And Jair the son of Manasses went, and took the villages thereof, and he called them Havoth Jair, that is to say, the villages of Jair.E Jair figliuolo di Manasse andò ad occupare de' borghi, ai quali diede il nome di Havoth-Jair, cioè borghi di Jair.And Iair the sonne of Manasses went, and tooke the villages therof, which he called Hauoth Iair, that is tho say, the Villages of Iair.Jair autem filius Manasse abiit, et occupavit vicos ejus, quos appellavit Havoth Jair, id est, Villas Jair. 42Nobe also went, and took Canath with the villages thereof: and he called it by his own name, Nobe.Nobe parimente andò, e prese Chanath coi suoi villaggi: e le diede il suo nome di Nobe.Nobe also went, and tooke Canath with the villages therof: and he called it by his owne name Nobe.Nobe quoque perrexit, et apprehendit Chanath cum viculis suis: vocavitque eam ex nomine suo Nobe.
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Year of the World 2553.
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Menochius
Overturn. Hebrew nua, "to discourage," (Haydock) break, dissolve, etc., ver. 9. (Menochius)
Calmet
The same history is mentioned, (Deuteronomy 3:12, 18,) but without these reproaches. (Calmet)
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Menochius
If, etc. They shall not see Chanaan. (Menochius)
Calmet
In Scripture, odious things are not fully expressed, particularly in oaths, Psalm 88:36., and 131:2. (Calmet)
Haydock
Hebrew, "surely none....shall see....because they have not perfectly followed me." (Grotius) (Haydock)
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Haydock
Led, etc. Septuagint, "he rolled them over," to denote their afflictions. (Haydock)
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Haydock
Of all. Hebrew, "if, or because you will not follow after him. He will stop them in the desert, and you will destroy all the people." Septuagint, "because you will turn away from him, to abandon him again in the desert, and you will sin against all this congregation." God had decreed that all should go together to the conquest of the promised land; so that, if these children of Ruben and of Gad should refuse to comply, Moses was afraid that all might be ruined. Perceiving that his discourse turned on this subject, they approached with greater confidence, and shewed their readiness to fight for their brethren. Upon which Moses was satisfied. (Haydock)
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Cities, which in the space of two months they would repair sufficiently, so that their children might be protected against the Amorrhites, etc. They left strong garrisons very prudently, to keep possession of the conquered country: 70,580 remained in the cities; while 40,000 went before their brethren. See chap. 26:7, 18., and Josue 4:13.
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Calmet
Jordan. Hebrew adds, "or forward," any where, in case fresh conquests be made. (Calmet)
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Lord, or the ark, under the guidance and protection of God.
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Haydock
Man, that may be required: Josue only took 40,000 for the vanguard. (Haydock)
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Haydock
Ruben. No mention is made of those of the half tribe of Manasses. Perhaps they only joined the rest afterwards, chap. 5:33. They occupied the northern parts. (Haydock)
Houbigant
The Hebrew has here a solecism, "the sons of Gad he said;" to avoid which, Onkelos adds, the tribe, etc. (Houbigant)
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Calmet
Galaad. Only a small part of the territory properly went by that name, ver. 39. (Calmet)
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Haydock
With you. Septuagint, "armed for war before the Lord; take by force their baggage, wives and cattle, before you, into Chanaan, and let them have shares with you in Chanaan." (Haydock)
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Built, or repaired; for they had been cities of the Amorrhites before.
Aroer was occupied by the Moabites after the Israelites were led into captivity, Jeremias 48:1, 19.
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Sophan. Some believe that this is the same city with Etroth, and that it took its name from Saphon, the son of Gad, chap. 26:15.
Jegbaa, perhaps the Beon, ver. 3. See Judges 8:11.
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Calmet
Betharan, which Herod enlarged, and called Livias, south of Hesebon. (Calmet)
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Nabo. Probably the same as Nebo and Nobe.
Calmet
Baalmeon. This city had a variety of names, ver. 3, 35. Those who rebuilt these cities gave them their own names, ver. 42. (Hebrew Targum of Jerus.) Yet they were often known by their former appellations. (Calmet)
Menochius
The rebuilders chiefly objected to the names of idols, Baal, etc., which were joined with these cities. (Menochius)
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Calmet
In it, by means of his descendants. For Machir must have been above 250 years old, if he were still alive. Many children are attributed to Machir and his father, Manasses, who were not their immediate offspring. The latter had only Machir, who survived him; Ezriel was probably a grandson of Machir, as he is styled the son of Galaad, (Numbers 26:31.; Josue 17:2.) See (1 Paralipomenon 7.) Adoptive and legal children, are often confounded with those who are really born of a person, as also those places which are inhabited by his posterity. (Calmet)
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Selden
Jair was born of Segub, the son of Esron, by a daughter of Machir, 1 Paralipomenon 1:21. He did not remain in the tribe of Juda, but dwelt in that of his mother, (Calmet) or perhaps he married a descendant of Machir, and obtained these villages. (Selden, Suc. c. xviii.)
Bochart
Havoth, means "a circle of cabins or shepherds' huts," in Arabic. (Bochart)
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Calmet
Canath. This town is reckoned among those of Jair, (1 Paralipomenon 2:23,) either because Nobe conquered it under his banners, or because it fell to the share of Jair, after the death of Nobe. (Calmet)
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A right figure of those that would possesse heauen without labour or danger. But none shal be crovvned vnles he striue lavvfully. 2. Tim. 2.
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St Augustine of Hippo † AD 430 Sermons on Selected Lessons of the New Testament 1.32
… Wherefore Moses and Elias, and the Mediator Himself, our Lord Jesus Christ, fasted forty days, because in the time of this life, continence from the enticements of the body is necessary. Forty years also did the people wander in the wilderness.
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1 and 2. NOW THE CHILDREN OF RUBEN AND GAD HAD CATTLE VERY MUCH, etc., AND WHEN THEY SAW JAZER AND GALAAD, LANDS FIT FOR FEEDING CATTLE, THEY CAME TO MOSES, — that he would grant them to them as their portion and inheritance. These lands, Jazer and Galaad, were on this side of the Jordan, in the land which the Hebrews had taken from Sehon and Og, kings of the Amorites, chapter xxi, verse 24. The Reubenites and Gadites, therefore, abounding in cattle, ask for this land as being suitable for pasture, and Moses delivered it to them to be possessed, together with the half-tribe of Manasseh. Tropologically, St. Gregory, XXVII Moral. chapter x: "Those," he says, "whom many entanglements of the world occupy, these do not wish to cross the Jordan: because they do not seek the dwelling of the heavenly fatherland." See other things concerning this in him.
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4. WE HAVE BEASTS (that is, cattle) VERY MANY.
32:6
6, 7, 8 and 9. To whom MOSES ANSWERED (thinking that they, from fear of the Canaanites and of the wars to be waged with them, were unwilling to go across the Jordan into Chanaan): "Why do you subvert the minds of the children of Israel, that they may not dare to pass," etc.? "Did not your fathers do likewise?" etc. "You have subverted" (that is, turned away, broken, dissolved — for the Hebrew הניא heni signifies to break, to turn away, to dissolve, to irritate) "the heart of the children of Israel" — who were prepared to enter into the promised land; but having heard the explorers, they were struck with fear, and dared not proceed, and wished to return to Egypt; as if to say, See that you do not do the same.
32:9
9. THAT THEY SHOULD NOT ENTER THE BORDERS, WHICH THE LORD GAVE THEM. — The ut here signifies, not intention, but consequence and outcome of the matter: for from the persuasion of the explorers arose the murmuring of the people, from murmuring arose punishment, and the just sentence of God, that all should die in the desert, and none of them should enter into Chanaan.
32:11
11. IF THESE MEN, WHO CAME UP OUT OF EGYPT, FROM TWENTY YEARS AND UPWARD, SHALL SEE THE LAND, etc. — The ut a viginti annis refers, not to those who came up out of Egypt, but to these men. For those who, at the time of the departure from Egypt, had not yet reached the twentieth year, but at the time of the murmuring had reached it, are included in and punished by this sentence, as I said in chapter xiv, verse 29. WOULD NOT FOLLOW ME. — In Hebrew, did not fulfill after me, that is, did not fully follow me, so that they would obey me continually and constantly, and would proceed under my leadership into Chanaan; but they resisted on the way, and turned away from me, wishing to turn their journey back to Egypt.
32:13
13. AND THE LORD BEING ANGRY WITH ISRAEL, LED THEM ABOUT THROUGH THE DESERT FORTY YEARS. — The Septuagint expresses this circling about and instability of the circumduction most significantly, when they translate, κατερόμβευσεν αὐτούς, that is, he rolled them about like a rhombus, through the desert forty years, where they aptly compare the gyrations of the Hebrews in the desert to a rhombus, as Eugubinus notes, whether you take rhombus as a fish (for this one indeed turns itself about wonderfully) or as a rhombus, the three-sided and transverse device of women, to which they themselves unwind and spread out the balls which they have spun, so that the threads may be easily unwound and woven together by weavers, which the Belgians call den haspel. For such reflected gyrations and many circumvolutions did the Hebrews make, continually for 40 years, as is evident from the tables of Adrichomius.
32:14
14. AND BEHOLD, SAID HE, YOU ARE RISEN UP FOR YOUR FATHERS, INCREASE AND OFFSPRING OF SINFUL MEN. — For increase and offspring, in Hebrew it is תרבורת tarbut, which literally signifies multitude, or multiplication, but is metaphorically attributed to offspring and disciples; for thus the Septuagint, the Chaldean and Our translation render it: whence also rab, or rabbi, derived from the same root, signifies a master, who is great, that is, mighty, and spreads and multiplies his doctrine through disciples. The sense therefore is, as if to say, You are sons and disciples of impious men for the increase of sins, and for filling up the measure of your fathers; you excellently propagate their impious stock, and equally their crimes, and cause them to grow.
32:17
17. OUR LITTLE ONES, etc. SHALL BE IN WALLED CITIES, ON ACCOUNT OF THE SNARES OF THE INHABITANTS (namely of the neighbors). — For the Reubenites and Gadites were neighbors to the Moabites, Idumeans, Canaanites and other enemies. And so there is no doubt that, together with the little ones, men of war remained for their protection, as will presently appear more clearly.
32:20
20. "Go armed before the Lord" — that is, in the presence of the Lord, namely before the ark and the pillar of cloud, which contains and represents the Lord. Note: To be before the Lord signifies two things: first, to have the Lord as inspector and witness. Thus it is taken in II Kings III, 38, Psalm LIII, 25, Ecclesiastes II, 26, and elsewhere. Second, "to be before the Lord" is to have the Lord assenting and favoring: thus Our translation renders it, Judges XVIII, 6, and elsewhere; thus also it can be taken here.
32:21
21. "Every man of war (from among you) armed shall cross the Jordan." — "Every," namely he who can conveniently cross. For it was not safe to leave the little ones and cattle, and the rest of the family without protection, in such great vicinity of so many enemies. Thus elsewhere often every is taken for many; whence from the Reubenites, Gadites and Manassites, only 40 thousand crossed the Jordan, to undertake battle with the Canaanites, as is evident in Joshua IV, 13, although they had been numbered in all a little before at one hundred and ten thousand, chapter xxvi, verse 18, and following: but the remaining 70 thousand stayed in Gilead for the protection of the little ones, wives and cattle. And so Moses here commands that these three tribes remain at home, not beyond the range of a weapon; but otherwise accompany them to battle, indeed go before them, and this for two reasons. First, that they may remove from others the suspicion of sloth and fear, and give an example of boldness and fortitude. Second, lest that one Hebrew people, before victory in war, and the commonwealth by division of the inheritance, and finally religion by the placement of the ark and the beginning of sacred rites, be established, be divided and torn asunder, the new Church; which would plainly have happened, if they (as was feared) who remained on this side of the Jordan, should refuse to come across the Jordan to battles, and to the tabernacle and sacred things of the other tribes, and should establish for themselves in Gilead their own tabernacle, altar and sacred things: whence also an altar erected by them there afterwards, although for another reason, cast great suspicion of this matter upon the others, and nearly gave occasion for civil war, as is evident in Joshua chapter XXII, verses 10 and 12.
32:23
23. "But if you do not what you say, there is no doubt that you will sin" (you will have sinned: thus the Septuagint. But the Chaldean and Hebrew have it in the past tense, you have sinned, namely after you shall have refused battle), "and know that your sin" (that is, the punishment of your sin) "shall overtake you" — for the penalty follows the guilty head, and punishment accompanies guilt inseparably, as the lictor accompanies the accused.
32:26
26. OUR LITTLE ONES, etc. WE WILL LEAVE IN THE CITIES OF GILEAD, — namely in the land of Og and Sehon, assigned to us. Gilead therefore here is not taken for Gileadite, or the land which is properly called Gilead; but more broadly: for it embraces the whole portion of the Gadites, Reubenites and half the tribe of Manasseh.
32:29
29 and 30. "If the sons of Gad shall cross the Jordan with you," etc. "Give them Gilead," etc. "But if," etc. "Let them receive places to dwell among you" — as if to say, If they break faith given, and are unwilling to go with you to battle, compel them to cross the Jordan, to fight and to dwell with you.
32:31
31. AS THE LORD HAS SPOKEN, — namely God through Moses: it is evident from the Hebrew.
32:34
34. THEREFORE THE SONS OF GAD BUILT DIBON, etc. — "Built," that is, restored; for these cities had existed before, nor could the Gadites have built these cities from their foundations so quickly: for shortly after the death of Moses, which followed immediately after these events, they themselves, together with the other tribes, set out across the Jordan into Chanaan; whence also verse 38, they are said to have changed the old names of these cities and imposed others upon them: whence it is clear that these cities existed previously, and were not built by them, but restored.
32:38
38. WITH NAMES CHANGED. — The Hebrews here, as religious conquerors, imposed names of their own people upon the cities of the Amorrhites, abolishing the former pagan names, especially because some of them appear to have been derived from idols, namely from Baal, such as Bamoth-Baal and Baalmeon; what those Hebrew names were, Scripture does not express here, except two, namely Havoth-Jair and Nobe, verses 41 and 42. For the rest of the names are found for the most part the same, both before these times, Num. xxi, verses 30 and seq., and afterwards, Josue XIII, 17 and seq.
32:40
40. THEREFORE MOSES GAVE THE LAND OF GALAAD TO MACHIR, SON OF MANASSE. — "Machir," that is, to the descendants of Machir, or to the half-tribe of Manasse, descended from Machir; for Machir was the son of Manasse, and grandson of Joseph, and had long since died. For if he had lived until this time, he would have been at least 210 years old; which age befell no one in that age.
32:41
41. AND JAIR SON OF MANASSE, — not the immediate, but a remote descendant. Thus often grandsons are called sons, as in Luke I, 5; Matt. I, 1. Note first: Jair on his father's side was descended not from the tribe of Manasse, but from Juda; for this is the genealogy: Judas begot Phares, he Hesron, he Segub, he Jair. But because Hesron took the daughter of Machir, son of Manasse, and from her begot Segub, father of Jair, as appears in I Paral. II, 21, it came to pass that Jair followed the Manassites, because he was descended from the daughter of Manasse's Machir, a most celebrated son: and in this sense Scripture here calls him a son of Manasse. Note second: Jair here was a most mighty man; whence in Galaad he took Havoth-Jair, that is, villages, which he called Jair from his own name, and for this reason it came to pass that, when above verse 1, only the Rubenites and Gadites sought a portion on this side of the Jordan, nevertheless the half-tribe of Manasse was added to them, inasmuch as it had most vigorously exerted itself in capturing those cities; thus Andreas Masius in Josue XIII, 31. Moreover, this Jair was different from another Jair, and the cities of Jair were different from the cities of Jair, not captured, but subdued, of which mention is made after 300 years, Judic. cap. x, verse 4. See here Abulensis, Quaest. XII.
32:42
42. NOBE ALSO WENT, AND TOOK CHANATH. — Nobe here appears to have been from the tribe of Manasse, as well as Jair of whom he was mentioned; whence the city Nobe was called from him, in which the tabernacle was afterwards placed. Hence to Nobe David came, fleeing from Saul, to Abimelech the high priest, I Reg. xxi, 1. Thus Abulensis.
Tropology: Three States of the Church Abulenisis here brings forth a rigid and fearful tropology at the end of the chapter. These three tribes, he says, signify three states of the Church, namely Ruben, Bishops and prelates: for Ruben in Hebrew means the same as son of vision; whence it denotes the rank of Prelates, who contemplate the life of others. Gad, as the mightiest, signifies princes. Manasse signifies fat monks, namely those who forget their state and vocation (for Hebrew Manasse signifies this forgetfulness). These three remain on this side of the Jordan, because the greatest number of those three states, on this side of the land of the living promised in heaven, remain in this earth dying: while they seek stalls of beasts, that is, glorious palaces, so that they may call their names upon their lands, and the delights of cattle, namely delights from brutes, and common with brutes. These, if they sometimes lead some across the Jordan, into the promised land, that is, into heaven, by teaching and admonishing, yet they themselves return on this side of the Jordan to their fleeting things, and never go to heaven, so that they might dwell there: thus far Abulensis. Which are to be understood conveniently of those who pant after the earth and earthly things, with the Gadites and Rubenites. Of such also spoke that preacher of the Emperor Albert I, who, seeing the nobles receive his words with yawning, with intent voice: "It is asked," said he, "whether Princes can be saved." And the matter being agitated on both sides, and the sleep of the listeners shaken off: "Why not," said he, "can they be? if only, having received baptism in their cradles, they die as infants," as Aeneas Sylvius relates, lib. III De Gestis Alphonsi. For it is certain that Bishops, Religious, and eminent Princes are not lacking, who aspire to heavenly things, and excel and shine forth in virtue and religion. Moreover St. Gregory, XXVII Moral. x, adapts these to the faithful, who defend the faith, but love and follow their own concupiscences; for these indeed nourish brute animals outside the land of promise.
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
32:1
With the simple name of G. there is sometimes designated either 1) 'Aǧlūn (Num. 32:39-40; Deut. 3:15; Josh. 17:6) or the Belqā (Num. 32:1; Josh. 13:25). The "mountain of G.", in which the last conversation between Jacob and Laban took place (Gen. 31:21-25) is the whole of Transjordan, and not only the mountainous …
The tribe of R. obtained from Moses, even before the occupation of the land of Canaan, lower Transjordan, dividing with the tribe of Gad the territory wrested from Sihon king of the Amorites (Num. 21:21-35; 32:1-38). Its borders ran from the Arnon in the south up to the Wādī Hesbān (Heshbon) in the north, and from the Dead Sea to the desert of Moab (Josh. 13:15-23; cf. Num. 32:34-38). It was …
32:3
Heshbon (Hebrew: Heshbōn; Septuagint: Ἐσβοῦς)
… The capital of the Amorite kingdom of Sihon, it was occupied by the Hebrews (Num. 21:25-34) and repopulated by the tribe of Reuben after the extermination (Num. 32:3, 37). Being situated on the border of Gad (v.), it was taken by the latter tribe and assigned to the Levites (Josh. 21:37; 1 Chron. 6:81). In the times of Isaiah and Jeremiah it was …
The city of N., today commonly identified with Mehajjet, is mentioned in Num. 32:3; 33:47, in the stele of Mesha, in Is. 15:2; Jer. 48:1; 1 Macc. 9:37, in the Onomasticon, and in the Life of Peter the Iberian (5th century). …
32:8
CADES (CADESBARNE). - A locality situated at the extreme southern limit of the Promised Land, previously called 'En Mishpash (Gen. 14:7) or "spring of judgment." Etymologically from Qādhēsh "holy" or Qādhēsh-Barnēa (the meaning of the second term is unknown: Num. 20:14; 32:8, etc.). …
32:9
Escol ('Eshōl' 'Grape Cluster')
… The Israelite scouts found there the marvelous grapes that they brought back as a sample of the fertility of the Promised Land (Num. 13:24 ff.; 32:9; Deut. 1:24).
32:11
… In Sacred Scripture, in fact, it is often said that God swears (e.g., Gen. 26:3; Ex. 6:8; 13:5; 33:1; Num. 32:11; Deut. 31:20; etc.); now certainly one cannot admit that God swears in the first sense indicated. …
32:12
He was the "elder brother," and more precisely the father-in-law, of the judge Othniel, to whom he had given his daughter Achsah as a reward for the capture of Kiriath-sepher (Judg. 1:12, 13; 3:9). Through his father Jephunneh, C. was linked (Num. 32:12 and Josh. 14:6, 14) to Kenaz, who from Gen. 36:11 and I Chron. 1:36, 53 is placed among the sons of Esau-Edom. …
32:33
… and Og in Transjordan, half of the tribe joined that of Reuben and Gad in asking Moses to be allowed to settle in the territory of the defeated kings and obtained the concession, undertaking to take part with all the tribes in the conquest of Canaan (ibid. 32:33-42; cf. 1:32; 34:14-15; Deut. 3:12-13; 29:8; Josh. 1:12-8; 12:4-6; 18:7). The territory assigned by Moses in Transjordan extended from the south from Mahanaim (v.) on the Jabbok, …
… Since the king had refused passage to the Hebrews, they decided to open the way by arms: in a few actions S. was overwhelmed, was killed, and his territories remained an Israelite conquest (Num. 21:21 ff.; 32:33; Deut. 1:4; 2:24 ff.; 3:2-6; 4:46; 29:7; 31:4; cf. Josh. 2:10 etc.).
32:34
1. A city on the southern border of the Amorite kingdom of Sihon, from which it was taken by the Israelites (Deut. 2:36; Josh. 12:2). Rebuilt by the Gadites (Num. 32:34), it was assigned to the tribe of Reuben (Josh. 13:9, 16; etc.). …
… Dibbân). - A Moabite city, a stop or station of the Israelites on their journey toward the Promised Land (Num. 33:45), conquered and rebuilt by Gad, whence the name D.-Gad (Num. 32:34; 33:45), and afterward allotted to the tribe of Reuben (Josh. 13:9, 17).
Moses (Mōšeh, Μω[θ]σῆς, Vulg. MoySES, Ancient Latin Moses)
… Of the conquered region a first partition was made, according to rules fixed by M. (Num. 32, 34).
… the tribe of Gad the territory wrested from Sihon king of the Amorites (Num. 21:21-35; 32:1-38). Its borders ran from the Arnon in the south up to the Wādī Hesbān (Heshbon) in the north, and from the Dead Sea to the desert of Moab (Josh. 13:15-23; cf. Num. 32:34-38). It was always among the least numerous tribes (cf. Deut. 33:6; Judg. 5:16), predominantly devoted to pastoralism, and never had an important part in the history of Israel, also because …
32:37
Cariathaim (Hebrew Qirjāthajim, dual form: "Two Cities")
CARIATHAIM (Hebrew Qirjāthajim, dual form: "Two Cities"). - A city northeast of the Dead Sea, belonging to the tribe of Reuben (Josh. 13:19; Num. 32:37). At the time of the prophet Jeremiah, during the period of the decline of the kingdom of Judah, it again belonged to the Moabites (Jer. 48:1, 23; Ezek. 25:9). Eusebius (Onomasticon, …
32:39
With the simple name of G. there is sometimes designated either 1) 'Aǧlūn (Num. 32:39-40; Deut. 3:15; Josh. 17:6) or the Belqā (Num. 32:1; Josh. 13:25). The "mountain of G.", in which the last conversation between Jacob and Laban took place (Gen. 31:21-25) is …
32:41
J. conquered the thirty Amorite cities, south of the Jarmūq, in Gilead, which he called havvoth J., that is, encampments inhabited by semi-nomads (Num. 32:41; Judg. 10:4; 1 Sam. 4:13; 1 Chron. 2:22). Less exact and secondary is the tradition that places these cities in Bashan (Deut. 3:14; Josh. 13:30). The 60 cities in Bashan, …
… Let these suffice as examples: Deut. 17, 14-20 (law of the king: cf. I Sam. 8, especially vv. 6-9, 18 and I Sam. 10, 25, according to which the "statute of the kingdom" was written by Samuel); Ex. 16, 35 (which, if it is by Moses, was added at the end of his life); Num. 32, 41-42; Gen. 36, 31-43 (cf. v. 31); Deut. 4, 41 ff.; 19, 7; elements of Deut. 14 and 26; etc.
32:42
… Judg. 10:4; 1 Sam. 4:13; 1 Chron. 2:22). Less exact and secondary is the tradition that places these cities in Bashan (Deut. 3:14; Josh. 13:30). The 60 cities in Bashan, which 1 Chron. 2:23 seems to attribute to J., were conquered by Nobah (Num. 32:42).
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.