CAMPEGGI, FAMILY. - LORENZO, cardinal, b. in Bologna in 1474, d. in Rome on 19 July 1539. He was a teacher of law in Bologna, where he contracted marriage and had children. Left a widower in 1510, he entered the Roman Curia as auditor of the Rota in 1511. Already on 12 Nov. 1512 he was named bishop of Feltre, a diocese he held until 1520. In 1514 Leo X sent him to Germany; then on 1 July 1517 he created him cardinal. In 1518 he sent him for the first time as legate to England, whence he returned the following year. On 2 Dec. he received the bishopric of Bologna, which he held until 1525. Meanwhile, as the religious revolution in Germany spread, Clement VII sent him there as legate on 8 Jan. 1524 so that he might be present at the Diet of Nuremberg, where he encountered tenacious resistance on the part of the princes favorable to Luther; he gathered the Catholic princes at Regensburg, succeeded in forming a Catholic league in July, and labored greatly in the autumn and winter to raise the fortunes of Catholicism. He returned to Rome in Oct. 1525. In the meantime he had held in commendam the bishopric of Salisbury in England (2 Dec. 1524), and when Henry VIII manifested his intentions of divorcing Catherine of Aragon, Clement VII on 8 June 1528 appointed him his legate, so that together with Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, archbishop of York, he might take cognizance of this difficult cause and judge it according to justice. It then seemed opportune to drag matters out before reaching a decision, in the hope that the king would change his mind; the legate, having arrived in London on 8 Oct., began a regular trial in the following May; but the queen presented the legal dispensation of Julius II for her marriage to the king and appealed directly to the Pope; Clement VII then reserved the cause to himself, and the trial was suspended on 23 July; in Sept. C. left England; he subsequently lost his bishopric of Salisbury.
When Charles V convoked a new diet in Augsburg to deal with the religious tumults of Germany, Clement VII, on 9 March 1530, designated C. as his legate at the emperor's side, entrusting him with special instructions on the matter. At that diet the Confessio Augustana was proposed, which became the profession of faith of the Lutherans; Charles V saw his efforts for religious union frustrated and became persuaded that henceforth only a council could put an end to the dogmatic struggles.
C. held in commendam successively the bishoprics of Huesca in Spain (Sept. 1530-32) and of Parenzo in Istria (June 1533-37) and the archbishopric of Crete (June 1534 - Jan. 1536). On 20 March 1538 Paul III designated him legate together with Cardinals Simonetta and Aleandro to the council that was to assemble at Vicenza, and with them he made his entry into that city on 12 May; but the council was not held at that time, and C. returned to Rome, where he died, leaving a reputation as a shrewd and faithful diplomat, though not always fortunate.
Bibliography7 works
The C. were truly a family of prelates. TOMMASO, brother of Cardinal Lorenzo, b. at Pavia in 1481, was archdeacon of Bologna, then bishop of Feltre on 1 June 1520, and resigned the see on 6 Apr. 1546. He was the first prelate present at Trent for the Council of 1545, and he compiled votes and opinions during the Council, partly printed. He went as nuncio to Venice and to Charles V. He died at Rome on 21 Jan. 1564 (cf. Fantuzzi, op. cit., p. 65). A son of Cardinal Lorenzo was GIOV. BATTISTA, appointed bishop of Majorca on the designation of Charles V on 25 Sept. 1531. He resigned the see in Sept. 1561 and died at Bologna on 7 Apr. 1583, where he had provided with great munificence for the religious institutions of the city (Fantuzzi, op. cit., p. 36). ALESSANDRO, another son of Cardinal Lorenzo, b. in 1504, d. at Rome on 21 Sept. 1554, was bishop of Bologna from 19 March 1526 to 1553. Prolegate at Avignon in 1541, he fought the Waldensian heresy there. In 1544 he was appointed cleric of the Apostolic Chamber, and on 20 Nov. 1551 was created cardinal by Julius III (Fantuzzi, op. cit., p. 28).
Omitting other figures, mention is made of: CAMILLO, Dominican theologian, b. at Bologna at the beginning of the 16th century, d. in 1569. He taught theology in various convents of his Order. He was inquisitor at Faenza (1562), at Ferrara and at Mantua, at a moment (1567) when relations between the Duke and Pius V were very tense. With his energy he re-established there the authority of the tribunal of the faith. He took part in the Council of Trent (third period) as theologian of Pius IV. On 14 May 1568 he was appointed bishop of Nepi and Sutri.
Besides his speeches at the Council of Trent, published in 1562, he wrote: De primatu Romani Pontificis contra M. Flacium Illyr. (ed. in Bibl. Max. Pont., VII, Rome 1697). He published with a commentary of his own the treatise De Haereticis of Ugolino Zanchini (Mantua 1567).