Doria, Family (DORIA, FAMIGLIA) - Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. IV, p. 1089

Machine translation of the 1948–1954 Italian original. The original text is authoritative.

DORIA, FAMIGLIA. — Genoese lineage whose earliest records date back to the beginning of the 12th century: a MARTINO promoted and brought about the construction of the church of S. Matteo. The D. distinguished themselves through their outstanding maritime virtues and their staunch Ghibelline spirit. ANSALDO was the commander of the fleet in the war against the Moors of Spain (1147–49). His son SIMONE distinguished himself at the siege of S. Giovanni d’Acri. Among Simone’s descendants was PIETRO, a leading figure in the technical preparation of the Crusades of Luigi IX. The family’s most illustrious representative is undoubtedly ANDREA (v. below). The role played in the battle of Lepanto by another D., GIAN ANDREA (1539–1606), was a matter of debate. The first cardinal of the house was GIROLAMO (v. below), the second GIOVANNI, created cardinal by Clement VIII (1604), bishop of Palermo, d. in 1642. Other cardinals were: SINIBALDO (1664–1733), archbishop of Benevento; GIORGIO (1708–59), legate in Bologna; and GIUSEPPE MARIA, Secretary of State to Pius VI. The Doria Pamphili Landi family originated in the 18th century from the marriage of GIOVANNI ANDREA D. to Anna Pamphili Landi: cardinals of this house were GIUSEPPE (1751–1816, v.); ANTON MARIA (1749–1821), GIORGIO (1772–1837). V. PAMPHILI, famiglia.

BIBL.: V. A. Vitale, s. V. in Enc. Ital., XIII (1932), p. 163 SGR.; A. De Marsico, D., excerpted from Celebrazioni liguri, Urbino 1939.

DORIA – Exterior of the D. Palace. Work by G. Valvassori and Raguzzini (early years of the 18th century) – Rome.
I. D. ANDREA. — Admiral, born at Oneglia on 30 November 1466, died at Genoa on 25 November 1560. He began his military career in Rome, in 1483, as captain of the guards of Innocent VIII, then entered the service of the duke of Urbino and the king of Naples. After a journey to the Holy Land, he entered the service of the governor of Rome, Giovanni della Rovere. Returning to Genoa, in 1504 he suppressed the uprising of the Corsicans. In 1513, with the Genoese galleys, he drove the French from occupied Genoa and forced it to surrender. After Marignano, in the service of France, he dispersed the Barbary pirates at Bizerte. In 1521 he defeated the papal and Spanish galleys that were attempting a surprise attack against Genoa. When that city fell into the power of Charles V, he established his base at Marseille, which he defended against the Imperial forces. In the service of Clement VII after Pavia, he returned to the French side in 1527.

But in the following year he came into conflict with Francis I, and, when his contract expired on 2 July, in August he entered the service of Charles V. In addition to personal advantages, he obtained the independence of Genoa and the two Rivieras under Caesarean protection, together with freedom of maritime commerce. With the fortunes turned in favor of the Imperial forces, D., having occupied Genoa, reorganized its government, refusing the rank of prince. In 1535 he fought against Barbarossa, from whom he took La Goulette and Tunis. In 1538, when a Christian league had been formed at the appeal of Venice, attacked by the Turks in its eastern possessions, D.’s galleys allowed the enemy fleet to escape near Prevesa. In 1541 D. directed the expedition to Algiers, which ended in serious failure because of the troops’ hasty landing and a storm that destroyed a considerable number of ships. Having withdrawn to Genoa, in 1547 D. suppressed the revolt of Gian Luigi Fieschi and reformed the Constitution of the Republic. In his final years D. again directed an expedition to Corsica, where the French had fomented a new rebellion, and secured, through the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis, the island’s return to the Republic of Genoa. — Vedi tav. CXVI.

BIBL.: E. Petit, Un amiral condottiere au XVIe siècle, Parigi 1887; A. von Czibulka, A. D. ein Freibanter und Held, Monaco 1925; C. Bornate, I seguitati per attirare A. D'O. al servizio di Carlo V. Giornale storico e letterario della Liguria, 18 (1942), pp. 51-75; I. Luzzatti, A. D., Milano 1943. Roberto Palmarocchi

II. D. GIROLAMO. – First cardinal of the distinguished Genoese family, nephew of Andrea. Upon the death of his wife, Luisa Spinola, he entered the ecclesiastical state; in 1529 he was awarded the cardinalitial title of S. Tommaso in Parione (not without resistance on the part of the Sacred College), as compensation for the promise made to Clement VII by his uncle Andrea to remedy the great famine in Rome (Pastor, IV, II, p. 329). He was administrator of various churches, including Tarragona, where he celebrated a synod whose acts he published. He attended the coronation of Carlo V and d. in Genoa on 25 March, or May, 1558.

BIBL.: A. Ciaconnus, Vitae et res gestae Pontificam Romanorum et S. R. E. cardinalium, III, Rome 1677, cols. 501–502; G. B. Semeria, Secoli cristiani della Liguria, II, Turin 1843, pp. 331–32; F. Celesia, La congiura del conte Gian Luigi Fieschi, Genoa 1865, p. 162.

III. D. PAMPHILI, GIUSEPPE. — Cardinal, born in Genoa on 11 November 1751, died in Rome on 10 February 1816. Not a man of great ability, his weakness of character led him to be inclined to yield to Napoleonic overbearingness.

At a very young age he was nuncio in Paris (1773), where he remained until 1785, when he was elected (11 February) cardinal of the title of S. Prisca. He was then legate to Urbino (1790), and, after the Treaty of Tolentino, Secretary of State to Pius VI (April 1797), but his attitude, excessively submissive toward the French, was the cause of harsh criticism (J. Gendry, Pie VI, II, Paris [1907], pp. 287–38). By Pius VII, whose election he took part in, he was appointed prefect of the Congregation of the Council, and was a member of the commission of twelve cardinals for the Concordat of 1801 between the Holy See and the French government, as well as of those who ultimately proposed ratification of the complete text (cf. E. Silvestre, L'histoire, le texte et la destinée du Concordat de 1801, 2nd ed., Paris [1905], p. 22, nos. 1 and 37, n. 1; and I. Rinieri, La diplomazia

pontifical affairs in the 19th century, I, Rome 1902, pp. 92, 288). He was again Undersecretary of State in February 1808, but at the end of the following month he too received the order, like the other non-Roman cardinals, to leave the city. He went to Paris, where, having attended all the ceremonies of Napoleon’s second marriage, he was among the 14 cardinals known as the “reds.” In 1811 he received the order—which, according to Consalvi, he accepted willingly—to go to Savona with four other “red” cardinals and with the commission of the French bishops, in order to obtain from the imprisoned Pope the signing of the Concordat issued by the Council of Paris. Two years later (January 1813), being in Napoleon’s favour, he acted as intermediary in the resumption of the negotiations that led to what was improperly called the Concordat of Fontainebleau. He was bishop of Frascati (1803) and of Porto (1814).

BIBL.: Some of his letters are published in: Documenti relativi alle contestazioni insorte tra la S. Sede e il governo francese, III, s. 1, 1833, pp. 42–82, and in Documentes sur la négociation du Concordat de la France avec le St-Siège en 1800-1801, published by Boulay de la Meurthe, II, Paris 1892, p. 491; III, ibid. 1893, V. index; VI, ibid. 1902, p. 102. Among the more recent works cf. I. Rinieri, Napoleone e Pio VII, 2 vols., Turin 1906, V. index; J. Schmidlin, Histoire des Papes de l'époque contemporaine, I, French translation by L. Marchal, Lyon–Paris 1938, pp. 21–25, 58, 115, 130, 142, 144; J. Leflon, La crise révolutionnaire 1789-1846 (Fliche-Martin, Hist. de l'Eglise, 20), Paris 1940, passim.

Renata Orazi Ausenda