Doria, Family

DORIA, FAMILY. - A Genoese lineage whose earliest records go back to the beginning of the 12th century: a MARTINO was the promoter and builder of the church of St. Matthew. The Doria distinguished themselves by their strong maritime virtues and by their staunch Ghibelline spirit. ANSALDO was the commander of the fleet in the war against the Moors of Spain (1147-49). His son SIMONE distinguished himself in the siege of St. John of Acre. Among Simone's descendants is PIETRO, a leading figure in the technical preparation of the Crusades of Louis IX. The most illustrious representative of the family is undoubtedly ANDREA (v. below). The conduct in the battle of Lepanto of another Doria was disputed: GIAN ANDREA (1539-1606). The first cardinal of the house is GIROLAMO (v. below), the second GIOVANNI, created cardinal by Clement VIII (1604), bishop of Palermo, d. in 1642. Other cardinals: SINIBALDO (1664-1733) archbishop of Benevento, GIORGIO (1708-59) legate at Bologna, GIUSEPPE MARIA secretary of State of Pius VI. The Doria Pamphili Landi family originated in the 18th century from the marriage of GIOVANNI ANDREA Doria with Anna Pamphili Landi: cardinals of this house have been GIUSEPPE (1751-1816, v.); ANTON MARIA (1749-1821), GIORGIO (1772-1837). v. PAMPHILI, family.

I. DORIA, ANDREA

Admiral, b. at Oneglia on 30 Nov. 1466, d. at Genoa on 25 Nov. 1560. He began his military career in Rome, in 1483, as captain of the guards of Innocent VIII, then entered the service of the duke of Urbino and of the king of Naples. After a journey to the Holy Land he took service for pay with the governor of Rome, Giovanni della Rovere. Having returned to Genoa, in 1504 he suppressed the insurrection of the Corsicans. In 1513, with the Genoese galleys, he attacked Genoa, which was occupied by the French, and forced it to surrender. After Marignano, in the service of France, he dispersed the Barbary pirates at Bizerte. In 1521 he defeated the papal and Spanish galleys that were attempting a surprise attack against Genoa. When that city fell into the power of Charles V, he established his base at Marseille, which he defended against the imperial forces. In the service of Clement VII after Pavia, he returned to the side of France in 1527.

But in the following year he clashed with Francis I, and, his condotta having expired on 2 July, in August he entered the service of Charles V. Besides personal advantages, he obtained the independence of Genoa and of the two rivieras under imperial protection and the freedom of maritime commerce. Having reversed the fortunes of war in favor of the imperial forces, D., having occupied Genoa, reorganized its government, refusing the rank of prince. In 1535 he fought against Barbarossa, from whom he took La Goletta and Tunis. In 1538, a Christian league having been formed, invoked by Venice, which was attacked by the Turks in its possessions in the East, D.'s galleys let the enemy fleet escape near Preveza. In 1541 D. directed the expedition against Algiers, which ended in a grave failure because of the hasty landing of the troops and a storm that destroyed a good number of ships. Having withdrawn to Genoa, D. in 1547 suppressed the revolt of Gian Luigi Fieschi and reformed the Constitution of the Republic. In his last years D. still directed an expedition to Corsica, where the French had fomented a new rebellion, and obtained that by the treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis the island should return to the Republic of Genoa. - See pl. CXVI.

Roberto Palmarocchi

II. DORIA, GIROLAMO

The first cardinal of the well-known Genoese family, nephew of Andrea. On the death of his wife Luisa Spinola he entered the ecclesiastical state; in 1529 he received the cardinal's title of St. Thomas in Parione (not without resistance on the part of the Sacred College), as compensation for the promise made to Clement VII by his uncle Andrea to remedy the great famine of Rome (Pastor, IV, II, p. 329). He was administrator of various churches, among them Tarragona, where he celebrated a synod whose acts he published. He took part in the coronation of Charles V and died at Genoa on 25 March, or May, 1558.

III. DORIA PAMPHILI, GIUSEPPE

Cardinal, b. in Genoa on 11 Nov. 1751, d. in Rome on 10 Feb. 1816. Of no great intellect, his weakness of character made him inclined to yield to Napoleonic overbearance.

Very young, he was nuncio in Paris (1773), where he remained until 1785, when he was elected (11 Feb.) cardinal of the title of St. Prisca. He was then legate in Urbino (1790), and, after the Treaty of Tolentino, Secretary of State of Pius VI (Apr. 1797), but his attitude, too submissive to the French, was a cause of harsh criticism (J. Gendry, Pie VI, II, Paris [1907], pp. 287-38). By Pius VII, in whose election he took part, he was appointed prefect of the Congregation of the Council, and he was a member of the commission of 12 cardinals for the Concordat of 1801, between the Holy See and the French government, and among those who finally proposed the ratification of the full text (cf. E. Silvestre, L'histoire, le texte et la destinée du Concordat de 1801, 2nd ed., Paris [1905], p. 22, nn. 1 and 37, n. 1; and I. Rinieri, La diplomazia pontificia nel sec. XIX, I, Rome 1902, pp. 92, 288). He was again pro-secretary of State in Feb. 1808, but at the end of the following month he too received the order, like the other non-Roman cardinals, to leave the city. He went to Paris, where, having attended all the ceremonies of Napoleon's second marriage, he was among the 14 cardinals who were called "red." In 1811 he received the order, which, according to Consalvi, he accepted with pleasure, to go to Savona with 4 other "red" cardinals, and with the commission of the French bishops, to obtain from the imprisoned Pope the signature of the Concordat that had emerged from the Council of Paris. Two years later (Jan. 1813), being in Napoleon's favor, he acted as intermediary for the resumption of negotiations that led to what was improperly called the Concordat of Fontainebleau. He was bishop of Frascati (1803) and of Porto (1814).

Renata Orazi Ausenda