The Syrians besiege Samaria: they are twice defeated by Achab: who is reprehended by a prophet for letting Benadad go.
The Syrians threatning and besieging Samaria, 13. God signifieth by a prophet to Achab, that he shal haue the victorie. 20. which he obtaineth. 23. Also the second yeare fighting in the champaine. 31. •ut sauing the king of Syrians life, and making league with him, 35. one of the children of the prophetes being slaine, for not stryking when he was so commanded, 37. an other denounceth reuenge to Achab, for not killing the Syrian King.
1And Benadad, king of Syria, gathered together all his host, and there were two and thirty kings with him, and horses, and chariots: and going up, he fought against Samaria, and besieged it.Or Benadad re della Siria raunò tutto il suo esercito, e i cavalli, e i cocchi, e avea seco trentadue re: e si mosse contro Samaria, e la assediò.MOREOVER Benadad the king of Syria, gathered together al his host, & two & thirtie kinges with him, & horses, and chariotes: and going vp fought agaynst Samaria, and besieged it.Porro Benadad rex Syriæ congregavit omnem exercitum suum, et triginta duos reges secum, et equos, et currus: et ascendens pugnabat contra Samariam, et obsidebat eam. 2And sending messengers to Achab, king of Israel, into the city,E mandò araldi nella città, che dicessero ad Achab re d'Israele:And sending messengers to Achab the king of Israal into the citie,Mittensque nuntios ad Achab regem Israël in civitatem, 3He said: Thus saith Benadad: Thy silver and thy gold is mine: and thy wives and thy goodliest children are mine.Queste cose dice Benadad: Il tuo argento, e il tuo oro è mio: e le tue moglie, e i tuoi figliuoli più vistosi son cosa mia.he said: Thus saith Benadad: Thy siluer, and thy gold is mine: and thy wiues, and thy principal children be mine.ait: Hæc dicit Benadad: Argentum tuum, et aurum tuum meum est: et uxores tuæ, et filii tui optimi, mei sunt. 4And the king of Israel answered: According to thy word, my lord, O king, I am thine, and all that I have.E il re d'Israele rispose: Come dici tu, o re signor mio, io son tuo con tutte le cose mie.And the king of Israel answered: According to thy word my lord king, I am thine, and al that is mine.Responditque rex Israël: Juxta verbum tuum, domine mi rex, tuus sum ego, et omnia mea. 5And the messengers came again, and said: Thus saith Benadad, who sent us unto thee: Thy silver and thy gold, and thy wives and thy children, thou shalt deliver up to me.E gli araldi tornaron di nuovo, e dissero: Queste cose dice Benadad, il quale ci manda a te: Tu mi darai il tuo oro, e il tuo argento, e le tue mogli, ei tuoi figliuoli.And the messengers returning, said: Thus saith Benadad, which sent vs vnto thee: Thy siluer, and thy gold, and thy wiues, and thy children thou shalt geue me.Revertentesque nuntii, dixerunt: Hæc dicit Benadad, qui misit nos ad te: Argentum tuum, et aurum tuum, et uxores tuas, et filios tuos, dabis mihi. 6To morrow, therefore, at this same hour, I will send my servants to thee, and they shall search thy house, and the houses of thy servants: and all that pleaseth them, they shall put in their hands, and take away.Domane adunque a quest'ora stessa manderò a te i miei servi, i quali visiteranno a parte a parte la casa tua, e la casa de' tuoi servi, e tutto quello, che lor piacerà, se lo piglieranno colle loro mani, e lo porteranno via.To morow therfore this verie honre I wil send my seruantes to thee, and they shal search thy house, and the house of thy seruantes: and al that pleaseth them, they shal put in their handes, and take away.Cras igitur hac eadem hora mittam servos meos ad te, et scrutabuntur domum tuam, et domum servorum tuorum: et omne quod eis placuerit, ponent in manibus suis, et auferent.
7And the king of Israel called all the ancients of the land, and said: Mark, and see that he layeth snares for us. For he sent to me for my wives, and for my children, and for my silver and gold: and I said not nay.Or il re d'Israele convocò tutti i seniori del paese, e disse: Riflettete, e ponete mente, che egli ci tende insidie: perocché mandò egli a chiedere le mie mogli, e i figliuoli, e l'argento, e l'oro: e io non ho detto di no.And the king of Israel called al the ancientes of the land, and said: Marke, and see that he seeketh to intrappe vs. for he sent to me for my wiues, and children, and for the siluer and gold: and I said not nay.Vocavit autem rex Israël omnes seniores terræ, et ait: Animadvertite, et videte quoniam insidietur nobis: misit enim ad me pro uxoribus meis, et filiis, et pro argento et auro: et non abnui. 8And all the ancients, and all the people said to him: Hearken not to him, nor consent to him.E tutti i seniori, e tutto il popolo dissero a lui: Non ascoltarlo, e non condiscendere a lui.And al the ancientes, and al the people said to him: Heare not, neither agree vnto him.Dixeruntque omnes majores natu, et universus populus, ad eum: Non audias, neque acquiescas illi. 9Wherefore he answered the messengers of Benadad: Tell my lord, the king: All that thou didst send for to me, thy servant at first, I will do: but this thing I cannot do.Egli adunque rispose ai messi di Benadad: Dite al re mio signore: Tutto quello, che facesti dire a me tuo servo al principio, io lo farò; ma quest'altra cosa non posso farla.He therfore answered the messengers of Benadad: Tel my Lord the king: Al thinges for the which thou didst send to me thy seruant in the beginning I wil doe: but this thing I can not doe.Respondit itaque nuntiis Benadad: Dicite domino meo regi: Omnia propter quæ misisti ad me servum tuum in initio, faciam: hanc autem rem facere non possum. 10And the messengers returning brought him word. And he sent again, and said: Such and such things may the gods do to me, and more may they add, if the dust of Samaria shall suffice for handfuls for all the people that follow me.E i messi portarono a lui questa risposta. Ed ei li rimandò, e disse: Gli dei mi facciano questo, e peggio, se la polvere di Samaria può empiere il pugno di tutta la gente, che mi segue.And the messengers returning made report vnto him, who sent againe, and sayd: These thinges doe the goddes to me, and these adde they, if the dust of Samaria shal suffice for the hanfulles of al the people, that foloweth me.Reversique nuntii retulerunt ei. Qui remisit, et ait: Hæc faciant mihi dii, et hæc addant, si suffecerit pulvis Samariæ pugillis omnis populi qui sequitur me.
11And the king of Israel answering, said: Tell him: Let not the girded boast himself as the ungirded.E il re d'Israele rispose, e disse: Direte a lui: Non si glorii chi delle armi si veste, come chi le depone.And the king of Israel answering, sayd: Tel him, let not the girded glorie as the vngirded.Et respondens rex Israël, ait: Dicite ei: Ne glorietur, accinctus æque ut discinctus. 12And it came to pass, when Benadad heard this word, that he and the kings were drinking in pavilions, and he said to his servants: Beset the city. And they beset it.Or egli avvenne, che quando udì Benadad queste parole, egli beveva all'ombra coi re, e disse a' suoi servi: Circondate la città. Ed ei la circondarono.And it came to passe, when Benaded had heard this word, himself and the kinges dranke in pauilions, and he sayd to his seruantes: Besette the citie, and they did besette it.Factum est autem cum audisset Benadad verbum istud, bibebat ipse et reges in umbraculis: et ait servis suis: Circumdate civitatem. Et circumdederunt eam. 13And behold a prophet coming to Achab, king of Israel, said to him: Thus saith the Lord: Hast thou seen all this exceeding great multitude? behold I will deliver them into thy hand this day: that thou mayst know that I am the Lord.quand'ecco un profeta si accostò ad Achab re d'Israele, e gli disse: Queste cose dice il Signore: Hai tu veduta tutta quella turba infinita? or io la darò oggi in tuo potere, affinchè tu conosca, co' io sono il Signore.And behold a prophete coming to Achab the king of Israel, said to him: Thus sayth our Lord, Hast thou in dede sene al this exceding great multitude? behold, I wil deliuer them into thy hand this day: that thou mayst know, that I am the Lord.Et ecce propheta unus accedens ad Achab regem Israël, ait ei: Hæc dicit Dominus: Certe vidisti omnem multitudinem hanc nimiam ? ecce ego tradam eam in manu tua hodie, ut scias quia ego sum Dominus. 14And Achab said: By whom? And he said to him: Thus saith the Lord: By the servants of the princes of the provinces. And he said: Who shall begin to fight? And he said: Thou.E Achab disse: Per mezzo di chi? E quegli disse a lui: Queste cose dice il Signore: per mezzo dei servitori che accompagnano a piedi i principi delle provincie. E quegli disse: Chi comincerà la battaglia? E l'altro rispose: Tu.And Achab said: By whom? And he said to him: Thus saith our Lord: By the seruantes of the princes of the prouinces. And he said: Who shal begin to fight? And he said: Thou.Et ait Achab: Per quem ? Dixitque ei: Hæc dicit Dominus: Per pedissequos principum provinciarum. Et ait: Quis incipiet præliari ? Et ille dixit: Tu.
15So he mustered the servants of the princes of the provinces, and he found the number of two hundred and thirty-two: and he mustered after them the people, all the children of Israel, seven thousand:Egli adunque fece rassegna de' servi dei principi delle provincie, e trovonne il numero di dugento trenta due: e dopo questi fece la rassegna del popolo, e trovò sette mila figliuoli d'Israele.He therfore mustered the seruantes of the princes of the prouinces, and he found the number of two hundred thirtie two: and he mustered after them the people, al the children of Israel, seuen thousand.Recensuit ergo pueros principum provinciarum, et reperit numerum ducentorum triginta duorum: et recensuit post eos populum, omnes filios Israël, septem millia. 16And they went out at noon. But Benadad was drinking himself drunk in his pavilion, and the two and thirty kings with him, who were come to help him.E usciron fuora sul mezzodì. Or Benadad già ubbriaco beveva nella sua tenda, e con lui i trentadue re venuti in suo ajuto.And they went forth at noone. But Benadad dranke al dronken in his tent, and two and thirtie kinges with him, which were come to ayde him.Et egressi sunt meridie. Benadad autem bibebat temulentus in umbraculo suo, et reges triginta duo cum eo, qui ad auxilium ejus venerant. 17And the servants of the princes of the provinces went out first. And Benadad sent. And they told him, saying: There are men come out of Samaria.E i servitori de' principi delle Provincie uscirono alla testa di tutti. Or Benadad mandò a vedere. E fugli riferito: E uscita gente fuor di Samaria.The seruantes therfore of the princes of the prouinces issued forth in the forefront. Benadad therfore sent. Who told him, saying: Men are come forth out of Samarìa.Egressi sunt autem pueri principum provinciarum in prima fronte. Misit itaque Benadad: qui nuntiaverunt ei, dicentes: Viri egressi sunt de Samaria. 18And he said: Whether they come for peace, take them alive: or whether they come to fight, take them alive.Ed egli disse: Se son venuti a parlar di pace, prendeteli vivi; se per combattere, prendeteli vivi.And he said: Whether they come for peace, take them aliue: or els to fight, aliue take ye them.Et ille ait: Sive pro pace veniunt, apprehendite eos vivos: sive ut prælientur, vivos eos capite. 19So the servants of the princes of the provinces went out, and the rest of the army followed:Si avanzarono adunque i servi tori de' principi delle Provincie, e il rimanente dell'esercito veniva appresso:The seruantes therfore of the princes of the prouinces issued forth, and the rest of the armie folowed:Egressi sunt ergo pueri principum provinciarum, ac reliquus exercitus sequebatur:
20And every one slew the man that came against him: and the Syrians fled, and Israel pursued after them. And Benadad, king of Syria, fled away on horseback with his horsemen.E ciascuno di quegli uccise chi se gli fece davanti: e i Siri fuggirono, e Israele gl'inseguì. E anche Benadad re della Siria se ne fuggì a cavallo co' suoi cavalieri.and euerie one stroke the man, that came against him: and the Syrians fled, and Israel pursued them Benadad also the king of Syria fled on horsebacke with his horsemen.et percussit unusquisque virum qui contra se veniebat: fugeruntque Syri, et persecutus est eos Israël. Fugit quoque Benadad rex Syriæ in equo cum equitibus suis. 21But the king of Israel going out overthrew the horses and chariots, and slew the Syrians with a great slaughter.E anche il re d'Israele venuto fuori mise in rotta i cavalli, e i cocchi, e diede una grande sconfitta alla Siria.Moreouer the king of Israel issuing forth stroke the horses and chariotes, and he stroke Syria with a great slaughter.Necnon egressus rex Israël percussit equos et currus, et percussit Syriam plaga magna. 22(And a prophet coming to the king of Israel, said to him: Go, and strengthen thyself, and know, and see what thou dost: for the next year the king of Syria will come up against thee.)Or accostatosi un profeta al re d'Israele, gli disse: Va, e fatti animo, e impara, e pensa a quel, che hai da fare: perocché l'anno venturo il re di Siria si moverà contro di te.And a prophet coming to the king of Israel, said to him: Goe, and take courage, and know, and see what thou doest: for the yeare folowing the king of Syria wil come vp against thee.)Accedens autem propheta ad regem Israël, dixit ei: Vade, et confortare, et scito, et vide quid facias: sequenti enim anno rex Syriæ ascendet contra te. 23But the servants of the king of Syria said to him: Their gods are gods of the hills, therefore they have overcome us: but it is better that we should fight against them in the plains, and we shall overcome them.Ma i servi del re di Siria dissero a lui: Gli dei di coloro sono gli dei de' monti: per questo ci hanno vinti: onde è meglio, che combattiamo contro di essi in pianura, e li vinceremo.But the seruantes of the king of Syria said to him: The goddes of the mountaynes be their goddes, therfore haue they ouercome vs: but it is better that we fight against them in the champaine, & we shal ouercome them.Servi vero regis Syriæ dixerunt ei: Dii montium sunt dii eorum, ideo superaverunt nos: sed melius est ut pugnemus contra eos in campestribus, et obtinebimus eos.
24Do thou, therefore, this thing: Remove all the kings from thy army, and put captains in their stead:Tu adunque fa così: Rimanda dal tuo esercito ciascun di que' regi, e poni in luogo di essi dei capitani.Thou therfore do this word: Remoue al the kinges from thine armie, and put captaines for them:Tu ergo verbum hoc fac: amove reges singulos ab exercitu tuo, et pone principes pro eis: 25And make up the number of soldiers that have been slain of thine, and horses, according to the former horses, and chariots, according to the chariots which thou hadst before: and we will fight against them in the plains, and thou shalt see that we shall overcome them. He believed their counsel, and did so.E supplisci il numero de' tuoi soldati, che son morti, e i cavalli com'eran quelli di prima e cocchi come quelli, che avesti pell'avanti: e noi combatteremo con coloro nelle pianure, e vedrai, che li vinceremo. Abbracciò egli il loro consiglio, e fece così.and repaire the number of souldiars, that are slaine of thine, and horses according to the old horses, & chariotes according to the chariotes, which thou hadst before: and we wil fight against them in the champaine, and thou shalt see that we shal ouercome them. He beleued their counsel, and did so.et instaura numerum militum qui ceciderunt de tuis, et equos secundum equos pristinos, et currus secundum currus quos ante habuisti: et pugnabimus contra eos in campestribus, et videbis quod obtinebimus eos. Credidit consilio eorum, et fecit ita. 26Wherefore, at the return of the year, Benadad mustered the Syrians, and went up to Aphec, to fight against Israel.Quindi passato un anno, Benadad fece la rassegna dei Siri, e andò ad Aphec, per combattere con Israele.Therfore after a yeare was passed, Benadad mustered the Syrians, and went vp into Aphec, to fight against Israel.Igitur postquam annus transierat, recensuit Benadad Syros, et ascendit in Aphec ut pugnaret contra Israël. 27And the children of Israel were mustered, and taking victuals, went out on the other side, and encamped over against them, like two little flocks of goats: but the Syrians filled the land.E fu fatta la rassegna anche de' figliuoli d'Israele, ed eglino proveduti di viveri andarono loro incontro, e posero il campo dirimpetto ad essi (ed erano), come due piccoli greggi di capre: ma i Siri inondavano il paese.Moreouer the children of Israel were mustered, and taking victuals they went forth on the contrarie side, and camped against them, as it were two litle flockes of goates: but the Syrians filled the land. (Porro filii Israël recensiti sunt, et acceptis cibariis profecti ex adverso, castraque metati sunt contra eos, quasi duo parvi greges caprarum: Syri autem repleverunt terram.
28(And a man of God coming, said to the king of Israel: Thus saith the Lord: Because the Syrians have said: The Lord is God of the hills, but is not God of the valleys: I will deliver all this great multitude into thy hand, and you shall know that I am the Lord.)E un uomo di Dio fattosi dappresso al re d'Israele, gli disse: Queste cose dice il Signore: Perchè i Siri han detto: Il Signore è Dio dei monti, e non è Dio delle valli, io darò in tuo potere tutta questa moltitudine grande; e conoscerete ch'io sono il Signore.And a man of God coming, said to the king of Israel: Thus saith our Lord: Because the Syrians haue said: The Lord is God of the mountaines, and is not God of the Valleis: I wil geue al this great multitude into thy hand, and you shal know that I am the Lord.)(Et accedens unus vir Dei, dixit ad regem Israël: Hæc dicit Dominus: Quia dixerunt Syri: Deus montium est Dominus, et non est Deus vallium: dabo omnem multitudinem hanc grandem in manu tua, et scietis quia ego sum Dominus.) 29And both sides set their armies in array one against the other seven days, and on the seventh day the battle was fought: and the children of Israel slew, of the Syrians, a hundred thousand footmen in one day.Ora per sette giorni gli eserciti si posero in ordinanza dall'una parte, e dall'altra, e il settimo giorno fu attaccata la zuffa: e i figliuoli d'Israele uccisero dei Siri in un dì cento mila pedoni.And seuen dayes did these, and they direct their armies one against the other, and in the seuenth day was the battel fought: and the children of Israel stroke of the Syrians an hundred thousand footemen in one day.Dirigebantque septem diebus ex adverso hi atque illi acies, septima autem die commissum est bellum: percusseruntque filii Israël de Syris centum millia peditum in die una. 30And they that remained fled to Aphec, into the city: and the wall fell upon seven and twenty thousand men, that were left. And Benadad fleeing, went into the city, into a chamber that was within a chamber.E quelli, che si eran salvati, fuggirono nella città di Aphec: e la muraglia cadde sopra ventisette mila uomini, che si eran salvati. E Benadad entrò fuggendo nella città, ricoverandosi in una stanza, la più segreta.And they that remained in Aphec, fled into the citie: and the wal fel vpon seuen and twentie thousand men, that were leaft. Moreouer Benadad fleing entered the citie, into a chamber that was within a chamber,Fugerunt autem qui remanserant in Aphec, in civitatem: et cecidit murus super viginti septem millia hominum qui remanserant. Porro Benadad fugiens ingressus est civitatem, in cubiculum quod erat intra cubiculum. 31And his servants said to him: Behold, we have heard that the kings of the house of Israel are merciful; so let us put sackcloths on our loins, and ropes on our heads, and go out to the king of Israel: perhaps he will save our lives.E i suoi servi gli dissero: Abbiamo già sentito dire, che i re d'Israele son clementi: mettiamoci adunque ai fianchi de' sacchi, e delle funi ai colli nostri, e andiamo incontro al re d'Israele: forse egli ci salverà la vita.and his seruantes said to him: Behold, we haue heard that the kinges of the house of Israel are merciful: Let vs therfore put sackeclothes on our loynes, and cordes on our heades, and goe forth to the king of Israel: perhaps he wil saue our liues.Dixeruntque ei servi sui: Ecce, audivimus quod reges domus Israël clementes sint: ponamus itaque saccos in lumbis nostris, et funiculos in capitibus nostris, et egrediamur ad regem Israël: forsitan salvabit animas nostras.
32So they girded sackcloths on their loins, and put ropes on their heads, and came to the king of Israel, and said to him: Thy servant, Benadad, saith: I beseech thee let me have my life. And he said: If he be yet alive, he is my brother.Si cinsero i fianchi coi sacchi, e si posero la corda al collo, e andarono a trovare il re d'Israele, e gli dissero: Benadad tuo servo dice: Salvami: ti prego, la vita. E quegli disse: Se egli è ancor vivo, egli è mio fratello:They girded their loines with sackclothes, and put cordes on their heades, and came to the king of Israel, and said to him: Thy seruant saith: Let my soule liue, I besech thee. And he said: If he be yet aliue he is my brother.Accinxerunt saccis lumbos suos, et posuerunt funiculos in capitibus suis, veneruntque ad regem Israël, et dixerunt ei: Servus tuus Benadad dicit: Vivat, oro te, anima mea. Et ille ait: Si adhuc vivit, frater meus est. 33The men took this for good luck: and in haste caught the word out of his mouth, and said: Thy brother Benadad. And he said to them: Go, and bring him to me. Then Benadad came out to him, and he lifted him up into his chariot.La qual cosa preser quelli per buon augurio: e gli levaron tosto la parola di bocca, e dissero: Benadad tuo fratello. Ed egli disse loro: Andate, e conducetelo a me. Benadad pertanto si presentò a lui, ed ei lo prese sul suo cocchio.Which the men tooke for good lucke: and in hast caught the word of his mouth, and said: Thy brother Benadad. And he said to them: Goe and bring him to me. Benadad therfore came out to him, and he lifted him vp into his chariote.Quod acceperunt viri pro omine: et festinantes rapuerunt verbum ex ore ejus, atque dixerunt: Frater tuus Benadad. Et dixit eis: Ite, et adducite eum ad me. Egressus est ergo ad eum Benadad, et levavit eum in currum suum. 34And he said to him: The cities which my father took from thy father, I will restore: and do thou make thee streets in Damascus, as my father made in Samaria and having made a league, I will depart from thee. So he made a league with him, and let him go.E Benadad gli disse: Le città tolte dal padre mio al padre tuo, io le renderò: e fatti delle piazze in Damasco, come il padre mio ne fece in Samaria, e io, fatta alleanza teco, me n'anderò. Achab fermò l'alleanza, e rimandollo.Who said to him: The cities which my father tooke from thy father, I wil render: doe thou make thee stretes in Damascus, as my father made in Samaria, and I confederate wil depart from thee. He therfore made a league, and dimissed him.Qui dixit ei: Civitates quas tulit pater meus a patre tuo, reddam: et plateas fac tibi in Damasco, sicut fecit pater meus in Samaria, et ego fœderatus recedam a te. Pepigit ergo fœdus, et dimisit eum. 35Then a certain man of the sons of the prophets, said to his companion, in the word of the Lord: Strike me. But he would not strike.Allora uno de' figliuoli de' profeti disse a un suo compagno a nome del Signore: Feriscimi. Ma quegli non volle ferirlo.Then a certaine man of the children of the prophetes sayd to his felow in the word of our Lord: Strike me. But he would not strike.Tunc vir quidam de filiis prophetarum dixit ad socium suum in sermone Domini: Percute me. At ille noluit percutere.
36Then he said to him: Because thou wouldst not hearken to the word of the Lord, behold thou shalt depart from me, and a lion shall slay thee. And when he was gone a little from him, a lion found him, and slew him.E quegli disse a lui: Perchè tu non hai voluto udir la voce del Signore, ecco, che partito da me, sarai ucciso da un lione. E dilungato ch'ei fu alquanto da lui, un lione lo incontrò, e lo uccise.To whom he said: Because thou wouldest not heare the word of our Lord, behold thou shalt depart from me, and a lion shal strike thee. And when he was departed a litle from him, a lyon found him, and slew him.Cui ait: Quia noluisti audire vocem Domini, ecce recedes a me, et percutiet te leo. Cumque paululum recessisset ab eo, invenit eum leo, atque percussit. 37Then he found another man, and said to him: Strike me. And he struck him and wounded him.E avendo di poi trovato un altr'uomo, gli disse: Feriscimi. E quegli lo percosse, e ferillo.But finding also an other man, he said to him: Strike me. Who stroke him, and wounded him.Sed alterum inveniens virum, dixit ad eum: Percute me. Qui percussit eum, et vulneravit. 38So the prophet went, and met the king in the way, and disguised himself by sprinkling dust on his face and his eyes.Andò adunque il profeta ad incontrare il re sulla strada, e intridendosi colla polvere la faccia, e gli occhi, cangiò il suo aspetto.The prophete therfore went, and metre the king in the way, and with sprinkling of dust changed his face and his eies.Abiit ergo propheta, et occurrit regi in via, et mutavit aspersione pulveris os et oculos suos. 39And as the king passed by, he cried to the king, and said: Thy servant went out to fight hand to hand: and when a certain man was run away, one brought him to me, and said: Keep this man: and if he shall slip away, thy life shall be for his life, or thou shalt pay a talent of silver.E passato che fu il re, gridò dietro a lui, e disse: Il tuo servo andò a combattere nella mischia: e un uomo essendosi dato alla fuga, un altro lo condusse a me, e disse: Custodisci quest'uomo, il quale se scapolerà, la tua vita pagherà per la sua, ovvero pagherai un talento d'argento.And when the king passed by, he cried to the king, and said: Thy seruant went forth to fight hand strokes: and when a certaine man was fled, one brought him to me, and said: Keepe this man: who if he shal slippe away, thy life shal be for his life, or thou shalt pay a talent of siluer.Cumque rex transisset, clamavit ad regem, et ait: Servus tuus egressus est ad præliandum cominus: cumque fugisset vir unus, adduxit eum quidam ad me, et ait: Custodi virum istum: qui si lapsus fuerit, erit anima tua pro anima ejus, aut talentum argenti appendes.
40And whilst I, in the hurry, turned this way and that, on a sudden he was not to be seen. And the king of Israel said to him: This is thy judgment, which thyself hast decreed.Or mentre io, essendo agitato, mi rivolgea qua, e là, subitamente quegli sparì. E il re d'Israele disse a lui: Tu hai pronunziata tu stesso la tua sentenza.And whiles I being trubled turned hither and thither, sodenly he appeared not. And the king of Israel sayd to him: This is thy iudgement, which thy self hast decreed.Dum autem ego turbatus huc illucque me verterem, subito non comparuit. Et ait rex Israël ad eum: Hoc est judicium tuum, quod ipse decrevisti. 41But he forthwith wiped off the dust from his face, and the king of Israel knew him, that he was one of the prophets.Ma quegli immediatamente nettò la sua faccia dalla polvere, e il re' d'Israele conobbe, eh egli era uno de' profeti.But he forthwith wyped of the dust from his face, and the king of Israel knew him, that he was of the prophetes.At ille statim abstersit pulverem de facie sua, et cognovit eum rex Israël, quod esset de prophetis. 42And he said to him: Thus saith the Lord. Because thou hast let go out of thy hand a man worthy of death, thy life shall be for his life, and thy people for his people.Or ei disse al re: Queste cose dice il Signore: Perchè tu ti se' lasciato uscir dalle mani un uomo degno di morte, la tua vita pagherà per la sua, e il tuo popolo pel popol di lui.Who sayd to him: Thus sayth our Lord: Because thou hast let goe out of thy hand a man worthie to die, thy life shal be for his life, and thy people for his people.Qui ait ad eum: Hæc dicit Dominus: Quia dimisisti virum dignum morte de manu tua, erit anima tua pro anima ejus, et populus tuus pro populo ejus. 43And the king of Israel returned to his house, slighting to hear, and raging came into Samaria.Ma il re d'Israele se ne tornò a casa sua senza volerlo sentire, ed entrò infuriato in Samaria.The king of Israel therfore returned into his house, contemning to heare, & raging came into Samaria.Reversus est igitur rex Israël in domum suam, audire contemnens, et furibundus venit in Samariam.
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Year of the World 3103, Year before Christ 901.
Haydock
And. The Roman Septuagint and Josephus place this war after the account of Naboth, 3 Kings 21. But the Alexandrian copy follows the order of the Hebrew. (Haydock)
Calmet
They style Benadad, "the son of Ader." He succeeded (ver. 34.) the king who attacked Baasa, 3 Kings 15:18. We know not the time nor the occasion of this war. (Calmet)
Salien
Probably Achab had refused to pay tribute, and God had a mind to try if his obstinacy would yield to kindness, ver. 13., and 28. (Salien, the year before Christ 919.)
Kings. Almost every city had one.
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Calmet
Mine. He had a desire to dispose of them, as he thought proper. Achab was willing to pay tribute, to remove the impending danger. (Calmet)
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Menochius
Have. Achab is not in earnest, but strives to pacify the barbarian. (Menochius)
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Salien
Servants, or subjects. The king of Israel has thus a plea to interest all his people, as the danger was common. (Salien)
Haydock
He assumes the character of disinterestedness, as if he had been willing to abandon all his private property; knowing that Benadad would not accede even to that hard proposal. (Haydock)
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Sanctius
Handfuls. Hebrew shohal. The Septuagint, read "shuhal" and render it, "suffice for the foxes, for all the people, (even for) my infantry;" (Haydock) as if his forces were so numerous as to cover the whole land, and leave no room for even foxes to occupy. The hyperbole is equally great, supposing that his soldiers could by each taking a handful, or what might stick to his feet, (Chaldean) carry off all Samaria. Josephus intimates, that Benadad speaks of erecting terraces of equal height with the walls; others, that he would level the city with the ground, Ezechiel 26:4. (Sanctius)
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Challoner
Let not the girded, etc. Let him not boast before the victory: it will then be time to glory when he putteth off his armour, having overcome his adversary. (Challoner)
Calmet
"Let not him who goes to battle, though well armed, boast; but the man who returns victorious." (Chaldean) "Enough: let not the man with a crooked back boast, as one that is upright." (Septuagint) "Let not him that girdeth, (Haydock) or is bound," (Hebrew) or rather "shutteth up, boast, as he that openeth." (Syriac) It is easy to besiege: but the city does not always fall. Neither people in arms, nor the unarmed, have reason to boast; as the former are often made prisoners, as soon as the latter. (Calmet)
Haydock
A despised enemy sometimes proves most dangerous. (Haydock)
Worthington
Those who distrust in themselves, and place their confidence in God, prevail: a necessary lesson both in temporal and spiritual warfare. (Worthington)
Tirinus
The fortune of war is very doubtful. (Tirinus)
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Menochius
Pavilions, (umbraculis) or even under "the shade" of the trees, in full security. (Menochius)
Beset. Hebrew, "set, and they set against the city." Chaldean, "hold yourselves in readiness, and they laid ambushes round the city." The siege had not been yet commenced in form, as it was never expected that Achab would dare to make any resistance.
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Calmet
Prophet. It does not appear who this and the other prophets were who address Achab so boldly during these wars; if indeed they were different persons: Elias is never mentioned. Did Jezabel leave the rest alone? or did these wars break out before she began to persecute them? (Calmet)
Menochius
Many suppose that the prophet, who spoke on this occasion, was Micheas. (Menochius)
Salien
But Achab complains that he always brought him evil tidings, 3 Kings 22:8. (Salien)
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Haydock
Servants. Literally, "footmen." (Haydock)
Calmet
Hebrew means either "sons or servants." The pages of honour, or the menial servants of the lords, were not likely to gain the victory. (Calmet)
There were 232 in number, ver. 15. Achab followed them, (ver. 19.) with 7000; and this army defeated the Syrians.
Thou, not in person; but thy men must begin the attack.
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Salien
Alive. This he said out of contempt, and too great confidence; (Menochius) and this gave occasion to his defeat. For, while his men were endeavouring to execute his orders punctually, the Israelites cut many in pieces, and routed the rest. (Salien)
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Menochius
Hills. All the high places of Israel were covered with idols. Samaria, Bethel, Dan, etc., were built on eminences. (Menochius)
Haydock
Altars had also been erected to the true God on the most famous mountains. The law had been given at Sinai, and promulgated at Garizim. The late miracle at Carmel was known to all. Hence the pagans, (Calmet) conformably to their notions of assigning different parts of the creation to different gods, suspected that the god of Israel might preside only over the mountains. (Haydock)
Calmet
People are always ready to blame any but themselves. (Calmet)
Tirinus
They lay the fault on fortune, etc. (Tirinus)
Haydock
The pride of Benadad could not bear to be told that his own temerity had brought on the defeat. (Haydock)
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Calmet
Stead, who may obey thy orders more implicitly. Rex unius esto. (Calmet)
Menochius
Captains, who have been inured to warfare, would not so easily run away. (Menochius)
Haydock
Thus, in the late French republic, commanders were chosen from the common ranks, while the nobles were neglected. (Haydock)
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Year of the World 3104, Year before Christ 900.
Calmet
Aphec, belonging to the tribe of Aser, though it does not appear that they ever obtained possession of it, Josue 19:30. A subterraneous fire and earthquake have caused the city to sink; and a lake, nine miles in circumference, now occupies its place. The ruins may still be discerned in its waters. It is about two hours walk from the plains of Balbec, (Paul Lucas. Levant 1:20.) at the foot of Libanus. The waters must be very thick and bituminous, if what is related by the ancients be true; namely, that the presents, offered to the Aphacite goddess, were tried by them, and deemed agreeable to her, if they sunk; as wool would do, while tiles, and often metals, would swim. (Calmet)
Menochius
Adrichomius places this Aphec on the great plain of Esdrelon, not far from Jezrahel. (Menochius)
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Victuals. Hebrew also, "they were all present." Chaldean, "ready." Syriac, "in battle array."
Haydock
Goats. They were comparatively so contemptible, ver. 15. (Haydock)
Salien
At the same time, Josaphat could muster above a million warriors; for piety makes kingdoms prosper. (Salien)
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Worthington
Lord. Many favours were bestowed on Achab, but he died impenitent. (Worthington)
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Haydock
Days. The Syrians durst not begin the attack. (Haydock)
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Haydock
Went, or had gone before, and commanded his men to defend the walls of Aphec. (Haydock)
Menochius
But the slaughter of these 27,000 is joined to the preceding. (Menochius)
God caused the walls to fall, as he had done those of Jericho; or the Israelites beat them down with battering rams, and the defendants perished in the ruins.
Calmet
Chamber. Josephus observes that it was under ground. Micheas told Benadad that he would have thus to hide himself again, 3 Kings 22:25. (Calmet)
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Haydock
Heads, or necks, to indicate that hey deserved to die. (Haydock)
Josephus
The Syrians acted thus, when they came as supplicants. (Josephus, [Antiquities?] 8:14.)
The son of Psammetichus, king of Egypt, was led in this manner to execution, with 2000 others. (Herodotus 3:14.)
Calmet
Bessus was conducted to Alexander with a chain round his neck. (Curt. vii.) (Calmet)
Salien
What a reverse of fortune do we here behold! (Salien)
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Haydock
Men. Protestants, "Now the men did diligently observe whether any thing would come from him, and did hastily catch it, and they said." They heard him mention the title of brother with joy, concluding that he was not so much irritated, as they might have expected. Allied kings style each other brother; those who are tributary, call themselves servants, (like Achaz, 4 Kings 16:7.; Calmet) as well as those who seek for favour; as Benadad does at present, ver. 32. (Haydock)
Menochius
Luck. The pagans were accustomed to make vain observations. (Menochius)
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Thy father. Benadad did not know the changes which had taken place in the royal family of Israel. He speaks of the cities which his predecessor had wrested from Baasa, 3 Kings 15:20.
Streets, for merchants, of whom he would receive tribute: or military stations, as David had done, (2 Kings 8:6.) to prevent any inroads. Benadad does not appear to have complied with these conditions, as the king of Israel had to take Ramath by force, 3 Kings 22:2.
Calmet
And having. These words seem to be the conclusion of Benadad's proposition: but, according to the Hebrew, they contain Achab's reply. (Calmet)
Haydock
Protestants, "Then said Achab: I will send thee away with this covenant." (Haydock)
Salien
How generous does the conduct of Achab appear to the world! Yet it displeased God. (Salien)
Worthington
He severely punished this foolish pity towards a dangerous foe. (Worthington)
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Calmet
In the word, or by the authority. The person who refused to comply, out of a false compassion, displeased God. The wound of the prophet was a symbol of what would happen to Achab. It was a prophetic action, 3 Kings 11:30. (Calmet)
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Dust. Chaldean and Septuagint, "he tied a veil," etc. Apher has both meanings.
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Haydock
One. Thus God delivered the proud and blasphemous Benadad to Achab. (Haydock)
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Menochius
Decreed. Thou must either die or pay the money. (Menochius)
Tirinus
Thus the king pronounced sentence against himself, as David had done, 2 Kings 12:1., and 14:4. The Rabbins assert, that Achab had received an express order from God to destroy and subjugate all the Syrians. He ought, at least, to have been consulted, as he had given the enemy into the hands of the Israelites; (Calmet) and thus insinuated, that he would have them punished, (ver. 28.; Rupert 5:13.) for restricting his power to the hills. (Tirinus)
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Calmet
Worthy. Hebrew, "of my anathema;" or, "the man who has fallen into my snares." (Vatable) Cherem is taken in this sense, Micheas 7:2., etc. He was my prey, and you ought not to have disposed of him without my leave. (Calmet)
Salien
People. This was verified (ch. XXII.; Menochius) within three years. (Salien)
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Haydock
Raging, (furibundus) full of indignation. Hebrew, "went to his house, heavy and displeased." Septuagint, "confounded and fainting," through rage; eklelumenos. (Haydock)
Josephus
"Vexed at the prophet, he ordered him to be kept in prison; and confounded at what Micheas had said, he went to his own house." (Josephus, [Antiquities?] 8:14.)
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Let not the girded, etc.... Let him not boast before the victory: it will then be time to glory when he putteth off his armour, having overcome his adversary.
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Those that are girded, & strongly armed do not wisely in trusting their owne strength, and contemning their aduersaries: for by so doing they are often ouerthrowne. And those that distrusting them selues trust in God, one way or other alwaies preuaile A necessarie lesson, both in temporal and spiritual warfayre.
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Manie victories and other benefites were besi•wed vpon Achab, to make him knowe God: but he cōtemning them al remained in his impietie, and finally was slaine. ch. 22, v. 38.
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Foolish pittie in sparing a dangerous & common enimie is offensi••e to God, & seuerely punished by his iustice.
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Aphrahat † AD 346 Aphrahat: Select Demonstrations 21.7
… And the Midianites made Israel serve in the days of Barak and Deborah. The Moabites ruled over them in the days of Ehud; the Ammonites in the days of Jephthah; the Philistines in the days of Samson, and also in the days of Eli and of Samuel the Prophet; the Edomites in the days of Ahab; the Assyrians in the days of Hezekiah.
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St John Chrysostom † AD 407 The Homilies on the Statues to the People of Antioch 7.6
… Saul, for instance, though he had sustained no injury from David, but had wronged him exceedingly, since he abhorred and hated him, could not endure to mention his proper name; but when all were seated together, not seeing David to be present, what said he? He said not, “Where is David? but, ‘Where is the son of Jesse?’”
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John Cassian † AD 435 The Conferences of John Cassian 24.17
… “Because thou hast let go from thy hand a man who was worthy of death, thy life shall be for his life, and thy people for his people”
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St John Chrysostom † AD 407 The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on Paul's Epistle to the Romans 2
… And another too that was bidden of God to strike a prophet, when he raised nice scruples about the seeming unreasonableness of the injunction, and did not simply obey, he was punished to the extreme. (
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Ecumenical Councils The Letter of the Synod to the Emperor and Empress 1
… The word is not only made use of by us, but we also find it set down in the Divine Scriptures by the ancients. For it is written in the histories of the Kings, “And David rose up and fell upon his face and did reverence to ( προσεκυνήσε ) Jonathan three times and kissed him” (
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Theodoret of Cyrus † AD 458 Letters of the Blessed Theodoret, Bishop of Cyprus 136
… Remember therefore, sir, the divine wrath. God delivered Ahab to utter destruction for using mercy, and delivered his sentence through the mouth of the prophet, saying “Thy life shall go for his life and thy people for his people.”
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1. NOW BENADAD KING OF SYRIA, etc., FOUGHT AGAINST SAMARIA. — "Benadad" is the same as "Ben Adad," that is son of Adad, says Josephus, book VIII, chapter VIII, namely the rebels of that Idumaean, who, Idumaea having been conquered by David, fled into Egypt, and thence when David died returning, resuming his spirit and kingdom, rebelled against Solomon, chapter XI, verse 25. And therefore fostering his paternal nature and hatred against Israel, he afflicted him gravely and continually. Whence chapter XI, verse 25, of him it is said and foretold: This is the evil of Adad, and hatred against Israel. Politically, learn here how obstinate rebellion of princes is dangerous, and is derived into sons through many centuries. The Spanish experience this same thing in Holland. Rebellion therefore in its beginning is either to be cut off, or to be reconciled according to that saying: "Resist beginnings."
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3. THUS SAITH BENADAD (to Achab and his people Israel): THY SILVER AND THY GOLD IS MINE, — not by right, but by power and dominion; because I wish to have it and demand it, I who am more powerful than you so that you cannot resist me. For the things of Achab and the Israelites were afflicted, so that he could not lead into battle more than seven thousand, verse 15. Here therefore God begins to punish Achab and the Israelites on account of the worship of Baal.
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5. AND THE MESSENGERS RETURNING (sent by Benadad besieging Samaria to Achab besieged in it), SAID.
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6. TO MORROW THEREFORE AT THIS SAME HOUR I WILL SEND MY SERVANTS TO THEE, AND THEY SHALL SEARCH THY HOUSE, etc. — This is a new request of Benadad, by which he asks of Achab that he permit his own to plunder not only the royal palace, but also the whole city of Samaria, says Josephus, so that namely he might despoil the city, and carry off whatever most precious things from it at his pleasure.
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10. MAY THE GODS DO SO TO ME, etc., IF THE DUST OF SAMARIA SHALL SUFFICE FOR THE HANDFULS OF ALL THE PEOPLE THAT FOLLOW ME, — that is to say I swear that I will destroy the whole city of Samaria, and so overturn it, that not even a little dust shall remain in it, but whatever is in it shall be carried away in the handfuls of my very numerous army. Whence the Chaldean translator renders it: If the dust of Someron (Samaria) shall suffice to be carried in the soles of the feet of the people who shall be with me. Thus Abulensis. It is a hyperbole and proverbial speech, by which the boastful Benadad, relying on thirty-two kings following him and innumerable forces, boasts and swears that he will overturn Samaria, despoil and raze it, so that nothing worthy of plunder remains in it. For neither were his soldiers so curious or idle that they would take all the dust from Samaria, but that they would carry off all treasures and all precious things from it. For they sought gold, not sand.
20:11
11. LET NOT HIM THAT GIRDETH ON HIS HARNESS BOAST AS HE THAT PUTTETH IT OFF. — It is an adage, that is to say Do not sing triumph before victory: for the "girded" soldier goes to battle; but when victory is won he ungirds himself, lays down arms, and busies himself with the spoils of the enemy. Whence the Chaldean: Let him not, he says, praise himself who is about to go into battle, as the man who conquers and comes up (victor) from it; Vatablus: Let him not boast who is about to enter battle just as he who has already conquered.
20:23
23. But the servants of the king of Syria (Benadad) said to him: Their gods are gods of the mountains, therefore they have overcome us; but it is better that we fight against them in the plains, and we shall overcome them, — as if to say: We have been conquered by the Samaritans dwelling in the mountains, because we fought in Samaria, which is situated on a mountain, and therefore is under the protection of gods who preside over mountains and mountainous places; let us therefore descend into the valleys, where the gods of the valleys will be with us, so that we may overcome the mountaineers and the gods of the mountains in the valleys. Thus these foolish men thought that the God of the Hebrews was the God of mountains only. But whence came this error and foolish persuasion of theirs? I answer from many gathered together, namely first, because Moses, the leader of the Hebrews, spoke with God on Mount Sinai and received the law from him. Secondly, because on Mount Zion the temple erected by Solomon was built, in which God dwelt. Thirdly, because the Hebrews worshipped God in high places, namely on hills. Fourthly finally, and what especially pertains to the present slaughter, because the Syrians received this slaughter from the Israelites on the mountain of Samaria. This was the superstition of the Gentiles, that they placed goddesses oreads, that is mountain nymphs, over mountains, sylvans over forests, sea nymphs over the sea, such as Neptune, etc., concerning which St. Augustine, book IV of the City of God, chapter VIII, asserts that they placed over the ridges of mountains the god Jugatinus, over hills the goddess Collatina, over valleys the goddess Vallonia. Concerning these same Ovid sings in book I of the Fasti, and introduces them speaking thus: We are rustic gods, and those who rule over the high mountains; the dominion over their dwellings belongs to Jupiter.
20:24
24. Do thou therefore this word: Remove the kings one by one from thy army, and set captains in their place, — who namely shall be skilled in war and experienced in military matters, not quiet men and accustomed to delights, as kings are, and who may fight more strongly in hope of obtaining glory and honor from thee. Thus Abulensis. For these are signified in Hebrew by פחות phachot, that is Captains; the Chaldean version says Commanders.
20:28
28. Because the Syrians said: The God of the mountains is the Lord (in Hebrew Jehova, that is the God of the Israelites), and (the same Jehova) is not the God of the valleys; I will give all this great multitude into thy hand. — That I may show myself to be the God of the valleys as much as of the mountains, and that thou, O Achab, mayest acknowledge and worship me as the true God, not Baal.
20:30
30. Now Benadad fleeing entered into the city (Aphec already mentioned) into a chamber, which was within a chamber, — that is into the innermost and most secret chamber, that he might hide himself there.
20:31
31. Let us therefore put sackcloth upon our loins, — as if servile garments, and indices of mourning and penance, that thus we may profess that we repent of having made war against Israel, and that we surrender ourselves as conquered to him as if to a victor in servitude. And cords upon our heads. — that we may profess ourselves to be worthy of death, and deserving of the rope and noose, which may open our throats and strangle us. Hear Josephus: "They clothed in sackcloth, and their heads bound with cords, which was the ancient manner of supplication among the Syrians, approach Achab, and signify that they seek only the grace of salvation from Adad, that they will be his tributaries forever."
20:32
32. If he yet liveth, he is my brother. — Achab thought that Benadad had fallen in such a great slaughter of enemies. Whence hearing that he survived the disaster, exulting in so great a victory, taking pity on him, he inconsiderately and rashly burst forth into this utterance: "If he yet liveth, he is my brother," as if to say: He will be dear to me as a brother, I will treat him as a brother. Kings are accustomed to call each other brothers. This word spoken by Achab the servants of Benadad immediately caught from his mouth, and received it as an omen or augury, as if that friendly word which had escaped him were a sign of mercy and salvation for Benadad, whom therefore they immediately brought to Achab, and he received him as a suppliant, that he might stand by his word, as a brother, and took him up into his chariot: but shortly after he paid the penalty of this rashness, when Benadad renewed the war, in which Achab fell, as is said in the last chapter. Symbolically. Benadad is a type of the devil, who always persecutes the faithful and the saints, now by force, now by fraud and deceit. Wherefore whoever makes peace or a covenant with him, as Achab did, will certainly be overthrown by him. Thus Eucherius.
20:34
34. Make thee streets in Damascus, — in which thou mayest establish law and judges, likewise a market for merchandise and tolls as a sign of subjection, as if to say: I grant thee a part of my royal city, namely Damascus, that I may show that it is subject to thee as much as to me, nay that I am subject to thee, and therefore I pay this tribute. Thus Abulensis, Cajetan and Vatablus.
20:35
35. THEN A CERTAIN MAN OF THE SONS OF THE PROPHETS. — Josephus holds that this was the prophet Micaiah, who in the last chapter predicted the destruction of Ahab. The same thing is related by Glycas, and the Hebrews in the Seder-Olam, and it is gathered from the last chapter, verse 26, where for "take" in Hebrew it is והשיבהו vahascibehu, that is, cause him to return. But the matter is uncertain. Whence Serarius and others hold that this was another prophet different from Micaiah, and therefore he is not named. HE SAID TO HIS COMPANION IN THE WORD OF THE LORD (by the oracle and command of God): STRIKE ME, — so that by a wound to my own head I might represent to King Ahab the wound of his own soul, which he received by sparing Benhadad, and the wound of the people, which indeed the whole people received in Ahab the king as in their head, and thirdly the wound which both Ahab and the people will receive when, with Benhadad renewing the war, he will be slain, as will appear in the last chapter and in the fourth book, chapter VI, verses 8 and following. Thus Cajetan. Abulensis adds another reason for this wound, namely that by it the Prophet might not be recognized by Ahab, but might appear to be a soldier, and thus have access to him, and might explain to him this parable of the wound: for if he had been recognized, Ahab the idolater would not have wished to hear him. The third and most important reason for this striking and wounding was an example, namely that God, in this prophet both striking and struck, might give an example and mirror of perfect obedience. Whence it must be believed, says Abulensis, that shortly after God supernaturally healed this wound, so that not even a scar of it remained, and this for this reason, that he might show how great is the merit of pure and simple obedience, and how on the other hand disobedience is hateful to God, since on account of it, He cast to a lion to be slain him who had been unwilling to strike the Prophet. Hear St. Chrysostom, oration 1 Against the Jews, at the beginning: "He who struck the Prophet escaped unharmed: he who spared gave satisfaction; assuredly so that you might understand that in divine commands one ought not to be curious, and to examine the nature of things which are commanded, but nothing else than to obey. For indeed, lest the former one feared to spare the Prophet, He did not say to him simply: Strike me, but added: In the word of the Lord, that is, God commands, do not seek further. It is a king who prescribes this law to you: Revere the authority of him who commands, and obey with the utmost promptness of mind. But he did not sustain doing this, and therefore gave the gravest satisfaction, and by his example admonishing those who would follow, that whatever God should command, they should obey in all things, and comply henceforth." Finally, R. Solomon and Lyran wish the blood of this Prophet to have made satisfaction for the sins of the people of Israel, lest when Ahab perished in the last chapter, but that people was conquered, and a plague of this kind could not make satisfaction for it, nor did the Prophet wish it to.
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42. BECAUSE THOU HAST DISMISSED A MAN WORTHY OF DEATH, — Benhadad king of Syria, who was guilty of death both on account of continual hatred and war against the Israelites, and especially on account of the blasphemy by which he said that I am God of the mountains, not of the valleys; for this greatly provoked God, as appears from verse 28. Thus the Hebrews, Rupertus, Lyran, Dionysius and others. THY SOUL SHALL BE FOR HIS SOUL. — Thou shalt be slain for Benhadad whom thou shouldest have slain. AND THY PEOPLE FOR HIS PEOPLE, — shall be slain for the Syrians subject to Benhadad, whom thou shouldest have slain. Thus it came to pass in reality, as we shall hear in the last chapter. This is an example of neglected justice and just vengeance to be noted, and to be deeply impressed on the minds of kings and judges: "Thou art a murderer, in that thou hast dismissed an enemy," says St. Chrysostom, in the place cited.
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43. THE KING OF ISRAEL THEREFORE RETURNED (Ahab) TO HIS HOUSE, DISDAINING TO HEAR. — Josephus adds, in book VIII of the Antiquities, chapter VIII, that he was so indignant that he imprisoned the Prophet: for he holds that it was Micaiah; whom we shall hear was imprisoned by him in the last chapter. Thus Hugo, Dionysius and others.
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
20:1
1 and 2 (3 and 4) Book of Kings
to Ahab (ibid. 20, 1-45). To this last category belong as a block the cycles of Elijah (I Reg. 17 - II Reg. 1) and of Elisha (II Reg. 2-13), which have well-defined contours for the style and for the spirit …
Benadad (Hebrew Ben-Hâdhad "Son of Hadad"; Septuagint ΥἹῸΣ ἈΔΈΡ)
… They concluded peace, and B. regained his freedom (I Kings 20:1-34).
Strongly fortified, the city resisted the serious attacks of the Syrians of Damascus (1 Kings 20:1, 13, 21) and for three years withstood the siege of the Assyrian Shalmaneser V, until in 721 Sargon captured it, deporting its inhabitants to Assyria and replacing them with peoples …
20:3
… To this latter form are to be traced the oaths by the life of the person to whom one is speaking (for example, Gen. 42, 15; 1 Kings 1, 26; 17, 55; 20, 3; etc.), by one's own head (Mt. 5, 36), by the earth (Mt. 5, 35; Jas. 5, 12), by heaven (Mt. 5, 34; 23, 22; Jas. 5, 12), by the temple (Mt. 23, 16), by the altar, the offerings …
20:22
… (Josh. 11, 3; Judg. 3, 3), and they had villages of their own there until the time of David (2 Sam. 24, 7). With the other Canaanite peoples remaining in the land, they were compelled in the time of Solomon to lend their labor for the great constructions (1 Kings 20, 22; 2 Chron. 8, 7-8) and little by little were absorbed into Israel.
20:26
Aphec (Hebrew 'Āphīq or 'Āphēq, "Fortress" or "Watercourse")
5. Place where Ahab king of Israel defeated Ben-hadad II king of Syria (I Kings 20:26-30), and later Jehoash king of Israel overcame Ben-hadad III (II Kings 13:17-25). It is to be placed east of the lake of Tiberias; it corresponds to present-day Fiq in the Golan, 2 1/2 …
20:31
… Therefore Ahab (v.) allied himself with Benhadad II king of Damascus (I Kings 20:31-34). Shalmaneser III (859-824), continuing his father's policy, led campaigns against Damascus and its allies (years 854, 848, 841, 838). In the first, among the defeated confederates, …
20:34
Amri (Hebrew 'Omri'; Septuagint 'Αμβρί)
… occupying its district of Madaba (lines 7-8). He imposed a tribute on the Moabite king (II Kings 3:4). Less successfully A. fought against the Arameans; he had in fact to give them certain cities and to grant their merchants streets in the capital itself (I Kings 20:34). With Ethbaal, king of Tyre, he soon formed a profitable and stable alliance, sealed by the marriage between Ahab (v.) and Jezebel, their children. …
… alliance against Baasha (v.), king of Israel, with Ben-hadad, son of Tabrimmon, son of Hezion (in the Septuagint: Εὐρῶμ), who then incorporated the northern provinces of Israel into his Damascene kingdom (I Kings 15, 18-20), and had a quarter in Samaria (I Kings 20, 34). Ben-hadad II (Adad-idri of the cuneiform texts), defeated by Ahab king of Israel, restored the provinces that his father had taken from Baasha and granted a quarter or emporium to D. (I Kings 20).
20:35
Elijah-Elisha (I Kings 17 ff.; II Kings 1 ff.) these prophets ("sons of the prophets" = members of such associations: I Kings 20:35; II Kings 2:3; etc.), in various localities (Gilgal, Bethel, Jericho), form colonies, where, to a certain extent, they lead a common life (II Kings 2; 4:38 ff.; 6:1-5); the followers …
… e.g., those performed by Samuel (1 Sam. 11, 5-7), by Jonathan (ibid. 20, 20-22), by the prophet Ahijah of Shiloh (who, by dividing his cloak into twelve parts, symbolized the division of Solomon's Kingdom: 1 Kings 11, 29-39), by a son of the prophets (ibid. 20, 35-43), by the false prophet Zedekiah (ibid. 22, 11), by Elisha (2 Kings 14-19), by Nehemiah (Neh. 5, 12-13). In the New Testament, symbols connected with water may be considered to be the …
20:36
Samaritans (Heb. Sōmērōnīm; Gr. Οἱ Σαμαρεῖται)
Meanwhile, in the uncultivated countryside and in the country, largely desert, the wild beasts and the lions, which had never completely disappeared from the Ephraimite thickets, increased in number (I Kings 13, 24; 20, 36); the immigrants attributed the consequences to the vengeance of the local god, no longer venerated in the national cult. …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.