J
589 articles · 88 under Ju · English index · Indice italiano-
Juana Inés de la Cruz
Poet, b. at San Miguel de Nepantla on 12 Nov. 1651, d. at Mexico City on 17 Apr. 1695. She is the greatest poetess in the Spanish language of the Baroque age.… -
Juan Manuel, Infante of Castile (JUAN MANUEL, INFANTE DI CASTIGLIA)
Writer, b. in the castle of Escalona (Toledo) in 1282, d. around 1348. Nephew of St. Ferdinand III, he took part in deeds of arms and in the political events… -
Juárez, Benito Pablo (JUAREZ, BENITO PABLO)
Mexican politician, b. 21 March 1806 at S. Pueblo Guelatao (Oaxaca), d. 18 July 1872 in Mexico City. He first practiced law, then devoted himself to politics.… -
Jubal (IUBAL)
Cainite, son of Lamech and of Adah, and "father of all those who handle the lyre and the flute" (Gen. 4:21). That is, the inventor of the kinnōr and the… -
Jube (JUBÉ)
JUBÉ: v. LECTORIUM. -
Jubilee (GIUBILEO)
The year of the J. is so called in the Mosaic books, and allegorically in the prophetic books (Ex. 46, 17), the year of remission (Septuagint: ἕως τῆς… -
Jubilee Book, Book of (GIUBILEI, LIBRO DEI)
A Jewish apocryphon that paraphrases Gen. 1-13; 24. The Fathers call it Leptogenesis (Didymus of Alexandria, Enarrat. in epist. I Io. 3, 12), because the… -
Jubilee, Indulgence of (GIUBILAZIONE, INDULTO DI)
It is the pontifical indult by which the prebendaries and beneficiaries of a Chapter acquire exemption from the obligations of choral service and residence… -
Judah Levita (GIUDA LEVITA)
Jewish poet and apologist, b. in 1070 (or 1075) at Tudela. He later lived in Toledo and elsewhere in Spain. He had as friends many poets and men of letters… -
Judah the Holy (GIUDA IL SANTO)
Tannaite (v. TALMUD), also called J. the Prince (Jéhudhah han-Nāsī'), b. ca. 135, d. in 210 A.D. He laid the foundations for the redaction of the Mishnah. He… -
Judaism (GIUDAISMO)
Religion and institutions of the people of Israel, which took definitive form from the time of the Babylonian exile (6th century B.C.), when Israel found… -
Judaizers (GIUDAIZZANTI)
This was the name given in Russia toward the end of the 15th century (1487-1503) to the deniers of the Trinity, frequent especially in Novgorod but also… -
Judas (GIUDA)
Fourth son of Jacob, born of Leah, called Jéhâdhâh "praise, acclaim" (Gen. 29:35; 49:8). He sought with Reuben to save Joseph (Gen. 37:26 ff.). By Tamar he had… -
Judas Barsabbas (GIUDA BARSABA)
GIUDA BARSABA : v. BARSABA. -
Judas, Brother of the Lord (GIUDA IL FRATELLO DEL SIGNORE)
GIUDA IL FRATELLO del SIGNORE: v. GIUDA TADDEO. -
Judas Iscariot (GIUDA ISCARIOTA)
Apostle, sadly famous for having betrayed Jesus. Son of a certain Simon, from the city of Qerijoth (John 6:72; 13:2-26), perhaps the present-day Hirbet… -
Judas Maccabeus (GIUDA MACCABEO)
GIUDA MACCABEO : v. MACCABEI. -
Judas of Galilee (GIUDA GALILEO)
Leader of one of the revolts that broke out in Palestine against Roman rule, on the occasion of the census ordered by the senator P. Sulpicius Quirinius… -
Judas Thaddeus (GIUDA TADDEO)
Apostle, distinguished in the lists from the namesake traitor by the designation "J. [brother] of James" (in Lk. 6:16 in the penultimate place; in Acts 1:13… -
Judea (GIUDEA)
An appellation (Gr. Ἰουδαία, Lat. Iudaea) used absolutely or with γῆ (Jn. 3:22) or χώρα (Mk. 1:5), in use from the earliest Hellenistic times (F.-M. Abel [v.… -
Judeo-Christians (GIUDEOCRISTIANI)
These are converts to the Christian faith from Judaism, who originally constituted the entire community of the Church of Jerusalem and had as its head the… -
Judge (GIUDICE)
By judge in the strict sense is meant a person (single judge) or a body of persons (collegiate judge) called to decide a case by means of a decision having… -
Judges (GIUDICI)
Designation of the leaders of Israel (Hebr. Ἰόρβες, plur. Ἰόρβεξῶ; cf. the sūfētes of the Carthaginians: Liv., 28, 27, 2; 30, 7, 5), in the period after Joshua… -
Judgment (GIUDIZIO)
Judgment (Gr. ἀπόφασις, κατάφασις, Lat. iudicium, propositio, enunciatio, sententia) is the act by which thought affirms (or denies) something. The Latin term… -
Judgment of God (GIUDIZIO DI DIO)
This was the name given to those trials that made either a declaration of innocence or the resolution of a civil or criminal dispute depend on the presumed… -
Judicial Assistance (ASSISTENZA GIUDIZIARIA)
ASSISTENZA GIUDIZIARIA: v. PATROCINIO GRATUITO. -
Judicial Inquisition (INQUISIZIONE GIUDIZIALE)
An investigation that must be carried out before the citation of the accused, when the crime is neither notorious nor entirely certain; it can be conducted ex… -
Judicial Order (ORDINE GIUDIZIARIO)
The question, more formal than substantive, whether the judiciary constitutes > ORDER OF THE MOST HOLY SAVIOR AND OF ST. BRIDGET. - St. Bridget. High relief on… -
Judicial Reproof (RIMPROVERO GIUDIZIALE)
RIMPROVERO GIUDIZIALE: v. AMMONIZIONE. -
Judith (GIUDITTA)
A pious and heroic widow who freed Bethulia; the name Jēhūdhith had already been borne by the wife of Esau, daughter of Beeri the Hittite (Gen. 26:34). She… -
Juiz de Fora, Diocese of (JUIZ DE FORA, DIOCESI DI)
City and diocese in the State of Minas Gerais in Brazil. It has an area of 15,269 sq. km. with 558,000 inhabitants, of whom 550,000 are Catholics; it has 55… -
Jujuy, Diocese of (JUJUY, DIOCESI DI)
Diocese and capital city of the province of the same name in Argentina. The diocese has an area of 56,551 sq. km. with 166,943 inhabitants, of whom 166,710 are… -
Julfa (Isfahan) (GULFÀ (ISPAHÂN))
City of an Armenian colony of the Persian Empire. When in 1605 the Persian shah 'Abbâs conquered Greater Armenia, he deported several thousand Armenian… -
Julia, Caesarea (GIULIA, CESAREA)
GIULIA, CESAREA: V. ALGERI. -
Juliana Falconieri, Saint (GIULIANA FALCONIERI, SANTA)
Foundress of the religious of the Third Order of the Servants of Mary (the Mantellate). According to the writings of Paolo degli Attavanti (second half of the… -
Julian and Basilissa, Saints, Martyrs (GIULIANO E BASILISSA, SANTI, MARTIRI)
They are commemorated together with others on January 6 in the Jeronymian Martyrology, on June 8 and 21 in the Synaxarion of Constantinople, and on January 9… -
Juliana of Cornillon, Blessed (GIULIANA DI CORNILLON, BEATA)
Promoter of the feast of Corpus Christi, b. at Retinne (near Liège) between 1191 and 1192, d. at Fosses (diocese of Liège) on 5 April 1258. Orphaned, she was… -
Juliana of Norwich (GIULIANA DI NORWICH)
English mystic, b. in 1342; she was still living in 1413. In May 1373 she was favored with sixteen "Showings" or "Revelations," narrated in English about 20… -
Juliano da Maiano (GIULIANO DA MAIANO)
Architect and carver, b. at Maiano (Fiesole), in 1432, d. at Naples on 17 Oct. 1490. He belongs to a family of artists: his father, Leonardo d'Antonio, was a… -
Julian of Brioude, Saint, Martyr (GIULIANO DI BRIOUDE, SANTO, MARTIRE)
Much venerated in France and extolled by Sidonius Apollinaris and Gregory of Tours, he is commemorated in the Hieronymian Martyrology on 28 Aug. The… -
Julian of Eclanum (GIULIANO DI ECLANO)
So called from his episcopal see (now vanished; ruins near present-day Mirabella Eclano, east of Benevento), he was the most tenacious and combative supporter… -
Julian of Halicarnassus (GIULIANO DI ALICARNASSO)
Monophysite bishop of Halicarnassus in Caria at the beginning of the 6th century. In 511 J. had taken part in the disturbances caused at Constantinople by the… -
Julian of Speyer (Theutonicus) (GIULIANO DA SPIRA (THEUTONICUS))
Franciscan scholar and musician, b. at Speyer at the end of the 12th century, d. at Paris ca. 1250. He was a famous master of singing at the court of France… -
Julian of Toledo, Saint (GIULIANO DA TOLEDO, SANTO)
He is believed to be of Jewish origin; he was a disciple of Archbishop Eugenius II of Toledo, the poet. St. Julian of Toledo (who lived between c. 642 and c.… -
Julian, Pomerius (GIULIANO, POMERIO)
GIULIANO, POMERIO: v. POMERIO, GIULIANO. -
Julian Sabas, Saint (GIULIANO SABA, SANTO)
Died around 377. He is commemorated in the Roman Martyrology on January 14 and October 18; on this second date also by the Greeks. St. John Chrysostom recalls… -
Julian the Apostate, Roman Emperor (GIULIANO L'APOSTATA, IMPERATORE ROMANO)
B. at Constantinople in 331, d. at Ctesiphon on 27 June 363. Son of Julius Constantius, brother of Constantine the Great, and of Basilina, he was early left an… -
Julian the Hospitaller, Saint (GIULIANO LO SPEDALIERE, SANTO)
Neither the date nor the place of his birth can be established; his biographical data are purely legendary, and the legend appears from the 12th century onward… -
Julia, Saint, Martyr (GIULIA, SANTA, MARTIRE)
She is commemorated in the Hieronymian Martyrology on 22 May as a martyr of Corsica, but it is doubtful whether she was a local martyr or an African one who… -
Julitta, Saint, Martyr (GIULITTA, SANTA, MARTIRE)
GIULITTA, santa, martire: v. QUIRICO e GIULITTA, saints, martyrs. -
Julius (GIULIO)
Centurione al quale fu affidato Paolo, prigioniero, nel viaggio da Cesarea a Roma (Act. 27, 1-28, 16).G. treated Paul with great humanity (Acts 27:3), for… -
Julius Africanus (GIULIO AFRICANO)
GIULIO AFRICANO : v. SESTO GIULIO AFRICANO. -
Julius III, Pope (GIULIO III, PAPA)
Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, b. in Rome on 10 Sept. 1487, d. there on 23 March 1555. He studied letters under the guidance of Raffaele Lippo Brandolini… -
Julius II, Pope (GIULIO II, PAPA)
Giuliano della Rovere, b. at Albissola near Savona in 1445 of an obscure family. His youth was poor; he was, probably through the care of his paternal uncle… -
Julius I, Pope, Saint (GIULIO I, PAPA, SANTO)
Elected on 6 February 337, died on 12 April 352. According to the Liber Pontificalis he was Roman, the son of a certain Rusticus. During his pontificate he… -
Julius, Saint, Martyr (GIULIO, SANTO, MARTIRE)
He is commemorated in the Hieronymian Martyrology on May 27 and June 4, but the first date seems the more reliable, according to what is also reported by the… -
Jumièges
Benedictine abbey of St. Peter, founded by St. Philibert in 654 on a plot of land granted on the banks of the Seine in the diocese of Rouen by Queen Bathilde… -
Jungmann, Bernard
Theologian, b. in Münster on 1 March 1833, d. in Louvain on 12 Jan. 1895. From 1861 he taught philosophy at the Seminary of Roulers (diocese of Bruges)… -
Jungmann, Joseph
German Jesuit, b. 12 Nov. 1830 at Münster in Westphalia, d. 25 Nov. 1885 at Innsbruck, at whose University he had taught sacred eloquence for several years.… -
Jung-Stilling, Johann Heinrich
Pietist, b. at Grund (Hilchenbach) on Sept. 12, 1740, d. at Karlsruhe on Apr. 2, 1817. In 1787 he was professor of economic and administrative sciences at the… -
Junilius Africanus (GIUNILIO AFRICANO)
Writer, d. 248-49. His real name is Junilius (Iunillus): cf. Procopius, Anecd., 20, 17. He was quaestor sacri palatii under Justinian and wrote for Primasius… -
Junius, François (François du Jon) (IUNIUS, FRANÇOIS (FRANÇOIS DU JON))
Protestant theologian and philologist, b. at Bourges on 1 May 1545, d. at Leiden on 13 Oct. 1602. While still very young he exercised the pastoral ministry in… -
Juno (Iuno) (GIUNONE (IUNO))
Italic and Roman goddess. The classic figure of Jupiter's spouse, familiar from Latin poetry, is merely a historical product determined in large part by the… -
Jupiter (Juppiter) (GIOVE (IUPPITER))
Supreme god of the Roman religion. His name, linguistically identical to the Vedic Dyäus Pită (v.), is of Indo-European origin and conceals within itself the… -
Jurats (GIURATI)
So called from the oath by which they bind themselves to the upright discharge of their office, jurors are a body of citizens belonging to categories listed by… -
Juridicism (GIURIDISMO)
A charge leveled by the Slavophiles against the Catholic Church, alleging that it has replaced the grace of mutual love and the gifts bestowed by the Holy… -
Jurieu, Pierre
Protestant controversialist, b. 24 Dec. 1637 at Mer (diocese of Blois), d. at Rotterdam on 11 Jan. 1713. He studied at the Calvinist Academy of Saumur, in… -
Jurisdiction (GIURISDIZIONE)
Iurisdictio (from ius and dicere), indicates, in Roman legal sources, the activity of one who administers justice. SUMMARY: I. Notions. - II. Distinctions. -… -
Jurisdictionalism (GIURISDIZIONALISMO)
GIURISDIZIONALISMO: V. REGALISMO; SEPARATISMO. -
Jurisprudence (GIURISPRUDENZA)
From the Latin iurisprudentia, it means expertise in law, an expertise that is at once theoretical science and practical wisdom. Such, in fact, is the value of… -
Jurodivyj
A title given in Russia to ascetics who by their conduct seek the contempt of men and inner freedom in the divine service. Of these "fools for Christ" there… -
Jurua (JURUÀ)
A "nullius" prelature in the State of Amazonas in Brazil. It has an area of 20,000 sq km with 78,000 inhabitants, of whom 75,000 are Catholics; it has 6… -
Jus
A quarterly periodical, with the subtitle Rivista di scienze giuridiche pubblicata per cura della Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, founded in Milan in 1940… -
Jus Primae Noctis (IUS PRIMAE NOCTIS)
That in the Middle Ages, particularly in the 11th to 13th centuries, but also much earlier and much later, feudal lords had and exercised a right to spend the… -
Just Cause (CAUSA GIUSTA)
It is that reasonable and proportionate motive which leads the ecclesiastical authority to take some measure and in particular to grant some dispensation or… -
Justification (GIUSTIFICAZIONE)
In the active sense it designates the act by which God transforms a soul, causing it to pass from the state of sin to the state of grace; in the passive sense… -
Justina, Roman Empress (GIUSTINA, IMPERATRICE ROMANA)
Daughter of Justus, consularis of Picenum and a relative of Magnentius, whom she married while still a girl. Left a widow, around 370 she married Valentinian… -
Justin, Saint, Martyr (GIUSTINO, SANTO, MARTIRE)
Apologist and philosopher, d. ca. 165. SUMMARY: I. Life. - II. Works. - III. Thought. I. LIFE. - St. J. himself informs us about his life in the first place.… -
Justin (Zapertowicz) of Miechów (GIUSTINO (ZAPERTOWICZ) DA MIECHÓW)
Polish Dominican orator and writer, b. at Mie- chów around 1597-91 (not 1594), d. at the beginning of 1649 (indirect sources give 1642). In the year 1616 he… -
Justus of Canterbury, Saint (GIUSTO DI CANTERBURY, SANTO)
Very probably of Roman origin and a Benedictine monk in the monastery of the Caelian, he died at Canterbury on 10 November 630. Together with Abbot Mellitus… -
Justus of Ghent, Joos van Wassenhove, called (GIUSTO DI GAND, JOOS VAN WASSENHOVE, DETTO)
Painter b. between 1435 and 1440 either at Antwerp or at Ghent; in 1460 he was received into the Guild of St. Luke of Antwerp and on 6 Oct. 1464 into the… -
Justus of Urbino (Curtopassi) (GIUSTO DA URBINO (CURTOPASSI))
Capuchin missionary and Ethiopianist, b. at Matraia (Lucca) on 30 Aug. 1814, d. at Hartom on 21 Sept. 1856. Having set out for East Africa (1846), he was then… -
Justus of Urgell (GIUSTO DI URGEL)
Flourished around 546, a prominent figure at the Councils of Lerida and Valencia of 546. According to the testimony of St. Isidore, he wrote an Expositio in… -
Just Wrath of the Creator (IRA IUSTA CONDITORIS)
Hymn of Matins for the feast of the Most Precious Blood, composed and inserted into the Breviary under Pius IX. The power of the blood of Christ, which has… -
Juvara (Juvarra), Filippo
Architect and engraver, b. in Messina on 16 June 1678, d. in Madrid on 31 Jan. 1736. From his father, a chaser, he learned the art of drawing, at the same time… -
Juvenal (Ruffini) of Val di Non (Ananiensis) (GIOVENALE (RUFFINI) DA VAL DI NON (ANANIENSIS))
Capuchin philosopher and theologian of the Tyrolean province, b. 25 March 1635, entered the Order at Scandinga on 18 May 1652, d. at Innsbruck on 18 April… -
Juvencus (Gaius Vettius Aquilinus Iuvencus) (GIOVENCO (GAIUS VETTIUS AQUILINUS IUVENCUS))
He is the first Christian Latin poet whom we are able to encounter after the Edict of Milan (513 A.D.). A native of the Vettones, an ancient people of… -
Juvenile Rehabilitation (RIEDUCAZIONE MINORILE)
RIEDUCAZIONE MINORILE: v. MINORENNI, CORRUZIONE dei. 2. Correzione dei m.