In case of necessitie Achimelech the priest g•ueth halowed bread to Dauid, 8. also the sword which he had taken from Goliath 10. then: Dauid going to Achis king of Geth, is forced to faine himself madde.
1And David came to Nobe, to Achimelech, the priest and Achimelech was astonished at David’s coming. And he said to him: Why art thou alone, and no man with thee?Or Davidde se n'andò a Nobe a trovare il sacerdote Achimelech: e Achimelech si stupì della venuta di David, e dissegli: perchè sei tu solo, e non hai anima con te?AND Dauid came into Nobe to Achimelech the priest: & Achimelech was astonyed, because Dauid was come. And he said to him: Why thou alone, and none is with thee?Venit autem David in Nobe ad Achimelech sacerdotem: et obstupuit Achimelech, eo quod venisset David. Et dixit ei: Quare tu solus, et nullus est tecum ? 2And David said to Achimelech, the priest: The king hath commanded me a business, and said: Let no man know the thing for which thou art sent by me, and what manner of commands I have given thee: and I have appointed my servants to such and such a place.E David disse ad Achimelech sacerdote: Il re mi ha dato un'incumbenza, e ha detto: Nissuno sappia il motivo, per cui se' mandato da me, e quello ti ho ordinato: per questo ho detto alla mia gente di trovarsi nel tale, e tale luogo.And Dauid said to Achimelech the priest: The king hath commanded me a word and said: Let no man know the thing, for which thou art sent by me, and what maner precepts I haue geuen thee, for my seruantes also I haue appointed into such and such a place.Et ait David ad Achimelech sacerdotem: Rex præcepit mihi sermonem, et dixit: Nemo sciat rem propter quam missus es a me, et cujusmodi præcepta tibi dederim: nam et pueris condixi in illum et illum locum. 3Now therefore if thou have any thing at hand, though it were but five loaves, give me, or whatsoever thou canst find.Or se hai qualche cosa in pronto, quando non fossero se non cinque pani, dammeli: ovvero qualunque altra cosa potrai trovare.Now therfore if thou haue any thing at hand, yea if but fiue loaues, geue me or whatsoeuer thou shalt finde.Nunc ergo si quid habes ad manum, vel quinque panes, da mihi, aut quidquid inveneris. 4And the priest answered David, saying: I have no common bread at hand, but only holy bread, if the young men be clean, especially from women?Ma il sacerdote rispose a David, e gli disse: Io non ho in pronto pane da laici, ma solamente del pane santo: se però la tua gente è pura, particolarmente rispetto a donne.And the priest answered Dauid, saying I haue no lay breads at hand, but only holy bread, if the seruants be cleane, especially from wemen?Et respondens sacerdos ad David, ait illi: Non habeo laicos panes ad manum, sed tantum panem sanctum: si mundi sunt pueri, maxime a mulieribus ?
5And David answered the priest, and said to him: Truly, as to what concerneth women, we have refrained ourselves from yesterday and the day before, when we came out, and the vessels of the young men were holy. Now this way is defiled, but it shall also be sanctified this day in the vessels.E David rispose al sacerdote, e gli disse: Certamente per quel che aspetta a donne, noi siamo stati continenti jeri, e jeri l'altro quando partimmo, e le vestimenta della mia gente sono state monde: veramente l'uso (di questi pani) ha del profano, ma sarà oggi purificato col lavare le vesti.And Dauid answered the priest, and said to him: And truly, if the matter be concerning wemen, we haue refrained our selues from yesterday and the day before, when we came forth, and the vessels of the seruants were holie. Moreouer this way is polluted, but it also shal be sanctified this day in the vessels.Et respondit David sacerdoti, et dixit ei: Equidem, si de mulieribus agitur: continuimus nos ab heri et nudiustertius quando egrediebamur, et fuerunt vasa puerorum sancta. Porro via hæc polluta est, sed et ipsa hodie sanctificabitur in vasis. 6The priest therefore gave him hallowed bread: for there was no bread there, but only the loaves of proposition, which had been taken away from before the face of the Lord, that hot loaves might be set up.Allora il sacerdote diede a lui il pane santificato: perocché altro pane non aveva egli, fuori che i pani della proposizione, i quali erano stati levati dalla presenza del Signore per mettervi i pani freschi.The priest therefore gaue him halowed bread; for neither was anie bread there, but only the loaues of proposition, which had bene taken away from the face of our Lord, that hoate loaues might be sette downe.Dedit ergo ei sacerdos sanctificatum panem: neque enim erat ibi panis, nisi tantum panes propositionis, qui sublati fuerant a facie Domini, ut ponerentur panes calidi. 7Now a certain man of the servants of Saul was there that day, within the tabernacle of the Lord: and his name was Doeg, an Edomite, the chiefest of Saul’s herdsmen.Or si trovò quivi in quel giorno dentro il tabernacolo del Signore un cert'uomo servo di Saul, che chiamavasi Doeg, Idumeo, il più facoltoso tra' pastori di Saul.And there was there a certaine man of the seruantes of Saul that day, within the tabernacle of our Lord: and his name was Doeg an Idumeite, the mighti•st of Saules pastours.Erat autem ibi vir quidam de servis Saul in die illa, intus in tabernaculo Domini: et nomen ejus Doëg Idumæus, potentissimus pastorum Saul. 8And David said to Achimelech: Hast thou here at hand a spear, or a sword? for I brought not my own sword, nor my own weapons with me, for the king’s business required haste.E Davidde disse ad Achimelech: Hai tu qui pronta una lancia, o una spada? perocché io non ho preso meco la mia spada, nè le mie armi: perchè il comando del re era pressante.And Dauid said to Achimelech: Hast thou here at hand a speare, or a sword? because myn owne sword, and myne owne weapons I tooke not with me. for the kings word hastened forward.Dixit autem David ad Achimelech: Si habes hic ad manum hastam aut gladium ? quia gladium meum et arma mea non tuli mecum: sermo enim regis urgebat.
9And the priest said: Lo, here is the sword of Goliath, the Philistine, whom thou slewest in the valley of Terebinth, wrapped up in a cloth behind the ephod: if thou wilt take this, take it, for here there is no other but this. And David said: There is none like that, give it me.E il sacerdote disse: Ecco qui la spada di Goliath, Filisteo, ucciso da te nella Valle di Terebinto, che è involta in un panno dietro all'Ephod: se vuoi prender questa, prendila: perchè altra fuori di questa non ci è. E David disse: Dammela: non havvene altra simile a questa.And the priest said: Loe here the sword of Goliath the Philistian, whom thou slewest in the Valley of terebinth, is wrapped vp in a mantel behind the Ephod: if thou wilt take this, take it. for neither is here any other beside that. And Dauid said: There is none other like to that, geue me it.Et dixit sacerdos: Ecce hic gladius Goliath Philisthæi, quem percussisti in Valle terebinthi: est involutus pallio post ephod: si istum vis tollere, tolle: neque enim hic est alius absque eo. Et ait David: Non est huic alter similis: da mihi eum. 10And David arose and fled that day from the face of Saul: and came to Achis, the king of Geth:Quindi David partì, e fuggì in quel giorno per timore di Saul, e andò a trovare Achis re di Geth:Dauid therefore arose, and fled that day from the face of Saul: and came to Achis the king of Geth,Surrexit itaque David, et fugit in die illa a facie Saul: et venit ad Achis regem Geth. 11And the servants of Achis, when they saw David, said to him: Is not this David, the king of the land? Did they not sing to him in their dances, saying: Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands?E i servi di Achis veduto Davidde dissero al re: Non è egli costui quel Davidde re del (suo) paese? Non cantavan eglino in sua lode in mezzo alle danze, dicendo: Saul ne ha uccisi mille, e David dieci mila?and the seruantes of Achis said to him, when they had seene Dauid: Is not this Dauid the king of the land? Did they not sing in dances to this man saying: Saul stroke a thousand, and Dauid ten thousand?Dixeruntque servi Achis ad eum cum vidissent David: Numquid non iste est David rex terræ ? nonne huic cantabant per choros, dicentes: Percussit Saul mille, / et David decem millia ? 12But David laid up these words in his heart, and was exceedingly afraid at the face of Achis, the king of Geth.Ma David fece gran riflessione a queste parole, ed entrò in gran timore di Achis re di Geth.But Dauid put these wordes in his hart, and feared excedingly at the face of Achis the king of Geth.Posuit autem David sermones istos in corde suo, et extimuit valde a facie Achis regis Geth.
13And he changed his countenance before them, and slipt down between their hands: and he stumbled against the doors of the gate, and his spittle ran down upon his beard.E contraffece il suo volto dinanzi a coloro, e si lasciava cadere tra le loro mani, e urlava nelle porte, e gli scorrea la saliva per la barba.And he changed his countenance before them, and slipt downe betwen their handes: and he stumbled at the doores of the gate, & his spittle ranne downe vpon his bearde.Et immutavit os suum coram eis, et collabebatur inter manus eorum: et impingebat in ostia portæ, defluebantque salivæ ejus in barbam. 14And Achis said to his servants: You saw the man was mad: why have you brought him to me?E Achis disse a' suoi servi: Avete veduto che costui è uno scemo di cervello: perchè lo avete condotto a me?And Achis said to his seruantes: You haue seene the man madde: why haue you brought him to me?Et ait Achis ad servos suos: Vidistis hominem insanum: quare adduxistis eum ad me ? 15Have we need of mad men, that you have brought in this fellow, to play the madman in my presence? shall this fellow come into my house?Mancano a noi pazzi, che lo avete menato a far follie dinanzi a me? un tal personaggio entrerà egli in mia casa?Doe we lack madde men, that you haue brought in this felowe, to play the madde man in my presence? shal this man enter into my house?an desunt nobis furiosi, quod introduxistis istum, ut fureret me præsente ? hiccine ingredietur domum meam ?
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Year of the World 2944.
Challoner
Nobe. A city in the tribe of Benjamin, to which the tabernacle of the Lord had been translated from Silo. (Challoner)
Tudelensis
It was about 12 miles south-west of Gabaa. (Tudelensis.)
There was another Nobe on the east side of the Jordan, to which Serarius thinks David was three days in travelling. But when David made that assertion, he wished to conceal the real state of his affairs, as he had not seen Saul since he was at Najoth, ver. 5. Nobe was afterwards accounted a sacerdotal city, ver. 19., and 2 Esdras 11:32.
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Calmet
The king, etc. This was an untruth, which David, like many other great men, might think lawful in such an emergency. But it is essentially evil. (Calmet)
And such, which he deems it unnecessary to specify. Septuagint retain the Hebrew words, "Phelanni almoni." See Ruth 4:1.
21:4
Challoner
If the young men be clean, etc. If this cleanness was required of them that were to eat that bread, which was but a figure of the bread of life which we receive in the blessed sacrament [the Eucharist]; how clean ought Christians be when they approach to our tremendous mysteries? And what reason hath the Church of God to admit none to be her ministers, to consecrate and daily receive this most pure sacrament, but such as devote themselves to a life of perpetual purity. (Challoner)
Calmet
Women. God required this on many occasions, Exodus 19:15. Urgent necessity determined Achimelech to grant the loaves, as our Saviour intimates, though it is probable that he first consulted the Lord, 1 Kings 22:16. (Calmet)
Menochius
David perhaps went to Nobe on purpose to ask advice. (Menochius)
Worthington
We have here an example of a dispensation, and of the distinction between lay, or common, and holy bread. (Worthington)
21:5
Calmet
Vessels, that is, the bodies, have been holy; that is, have been kept from impurity: (Challoner) in which sense St. Paul uses the word, 1 Thessalonians 4:4. It also includes garments, arms, etc. All was to be clean. Septuagint, "my men are all purified." (Calmet)
Haydock
Defiled. Is liable to expose us to dangers of uncleanness, (Challoner) as we shall perhaps have to fight. (Haydock)
Challoner
Sanctified. That is, we shall take care, notwithstanding these dangerous circumstances, to keep our vessels holy; that is, keep our bodies from every thing that may defile us. (Challoner)
Calmet
The text is very obscure. Hebrew, "the way is impure, because to-day it shall be purified in the vessel." (Calmet)
Haydock
Protestants, "and the bread is in a manner common, yea though it were sanctified this day in the vessel." We might eat of it in a case of such necessity. (Haydock)
Calmet
Though laics be commonly debarred from tasting of it, we will partake of it with all due respect. (Calmet)
Haydock
Septuagint, "the journey is (of a disagreeable nature, or) impure, therefore it will be rendered holy by my vessels," or arms, in the king's cause. (Haydock)
Menochius
He seemed to be going towards the infidel nations. (Menochius)
21:7
Within. Hebrew nehtsar, "detained, or assembles before the Lord." Theodoret thinks he was possessed; others believe he had made a vow, etc.
Calmet
Edomite. Some Greek copies read, a Syrian, as also 1 Kings 22:9. (Calmet)
Menochius
He had embraced the Jewish religion. (Menochius)
21:9
Calmet
This. Chaldean observes, he gave this sword "after he had consulted the Lord with the ephod." In a just war, the ornaments of the temples may be used. Pro republic î plerumque templa nudantur. (Seneca) (Grotius, Jur. 3:5, 2.) (Calmet)
Tostatus believes that David would restore this sword, as soon as he had procured other arms.
21:10
Haydock
Achis. He is elsewhere called Achimelech. This bold step was taken by God's order, (Salien) or secret impulse, as the high priest and Doeg knew not whither David had directed his course. (Haydock)
Menochius
Sanchez thinks David received no express declaration, as the event was not very prosperous. (Menochius)
Calmet
Many great men have taken refuge among their greatest enemies, as Themistocles, Alcibiades, and Coriolanus fled respectively to the Persians, Lacedaemonians, and Volscians, and were received with great respect. Indeed the acquisition of such men is equivalent to a victory. (Calmet)
Salien
Though David might expect that his name would be hateful at Geth, as he had slain their great champion, etc., yet he had done it in an open manner, and had displayed the most heroic courage, so that the king and nobility might raise their thoughts above the vulgar sentiments of jealousy and revenge. (Salien)
Calmet
David only retired from the court of this king, to avoid the hatred of the courtiers; he returned again, and was kindly received, 1 Kings 27:1. (Calmet)
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Menochius
Land, equal to a king in glory. (Menochius)
Calmet
Perhaps they had heard of the rejection of Saul, and reflected that their own country belonged to him, according to the terms proposed by Goliath. (Calmet)
21:13
Haydock
Countenance. Hebrew, "sentiment, (Calmet) or, behaviour." (Haydock)
Chaldean, "reason." He no longer acted as a prudent man, but like a fool.
Haydock
Down; not fainting, (Calmet) but like one in an epileptic fit. (Haydock)
Hebrew, "he feigned himself mad." Chaldean, "stupid."
Haydock
Stumbled. Hebrew, "wrote, or made figures upon." Septuagint, "beat the drum upon the gates of the city, and he was carried about, or acted the fool, in his hands, (parephereto en tais chersin, autou: Amama would have, auton, their) and he fell against the doors of the gate," etc. They seem to give a double translation. St. Augustine says, "we cannot understand how David could be carried in his own hands. But we understand how it was verified in Christ. For Christ was carried in his own hands at his last supper, when he gave, or commending, his own body, he said, This, etc., for he then carried his own body in his own hands." (In Psalm xxxiii. conc. i.) Ferebat enim illud corpus in manibus suis. Amama may laugh at St. Augustine's ignorance of Hebrew, but the holy doctor was at least a sincere Catholic. (Haydock)
21:15
Haydock
House. David had not rushed into the palace of his own accord, but wished to remain concealed. Some of the people however knew him, and would have him to enlist as one of the soldiers of Achis; (Menochius) or even designed to get him put to death, which made him have recourse to this expedient. Some of the saints have imitated him, to avoid worldly honours and dignities of the Church. (Haydock)
Worthington
Thus the conduct of Jesus Christ himself, was accounted foolishness by worldlings, Mark 3:21., Luke 23:11., and 1 Corinthians 1:23. (Ven. Bede) (Worthington)
21:1
Nobe.... A city in the tribe of Benjamin, to which the tabernacle of the Lord had been translated from Silo.
21:4
If the young men be clean, etc.... If this cleanness was required of them that were to eat that bread, which was a figure of the bread of life which we receive in the blessed sacrament; how clean ought Christians to be when they approach to our tremendous mysteries. And what reason hath the church of God to admit none to be her ministers to consecrate and daily receive this most pure sacrament, but such as devote themselves to a life of perpetual purity.
21:5
The vessels.... i. e., the bodies, have been holy, that is, have been kept from impurity.—Ibid. Is defiled.... Is liable to expose us to dangers of uncleanness.—Ibid. Be sanctified, etc.... That is, we shall take care, notwithstanding these dangerous circumstances, to keep our vessels holy, that is, to keep our bodies from every thing that may defile us.
21:4
Distinction of common & holie bread. Also an example of dispensation in case of necessitie.
21:13
Dauid most wisely in such distresse fained himself to be a foole. By which the Holie Ghost mystically signified that Christ should do such things not of feare but of diuine wisdom, as he should be coū ted a foole. Mar. 3. v. 21. Luc. 23. v. 11. 1. Cor. 1. v. 23 •. Beda. Quest. in 1. Reg. c. 14.
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san Girolamo † 420 d.C. The Letters of St. Jerome 57.9
… an hungred, he and they that were with him, how he went into the house of God in the days of Abiathar the highpriest, and did eat the shew-bread which is not lawful to eat but for the priests?” Now let us turn to the books of Samuel, or, as they are commonly called, of Kings, and we shall find there that the highpriest’s name was not Abiathar but Ahimelech,
Giovanni Cassiano † 435 d.C. The Conferences of John Cassian 17.18
… and stumbled against the doors of the gate and his spittle ran down on his beard;”
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san Tascio Cecilio Cipriano † 258 d.C. Three Books of Testimonies Against the Jews 3.33
… “Be ye ready, for three days ye shall not approach to women.” Also in the first book of Kings: “And the priest answered to David, and said, There are no profane loaves in my hand, except one sacred loaf. If the young men have been kept back from women, they shall eat.”
san Girolamo † 420 d.C. The Letters of St. Jerome 48.15
I have said in the same treatise that David and they that were with him could not have lawfully eaten the shew-bread had they not made answer that for three days they had not been defiled with women
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san Giovanni Crisostomo † 407 d.C. The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom 39
But Mark saith, “In the days of Abiathar the High Priest:” not stating what was con trary to the history, but implying that he had two names; and adds that “he gave unto him,”
sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. The Harmony of the Gospels 1.3
… For it was not lawful for any one to eat that, save the priests only.
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sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. Expositions on the Book of Psalms 63.1
… For Idumæa was a certain nation of men going astray, where idols were worshipped. In no good sense is put this Idumæa. If not in a good sense it is put, it must be understood that this life, wherein we suffer so great toils, and wherein to so great necessities we are made subject, by the name of Idumæa is signified.
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san Girolamo † 420 d.C. The Letters of St. Jerome 108.18
… For my part I used to say that it was best to give in to rancour and to retire before passion. So Jacob dealt with his brother Esau; so David met the unrelenting persecution of Saul. I reminded her how the first of these fled into Mesopotamia; and how the second surrendered himself to the Philistines,
sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. Expositions on the Book of Psalms 56.1
… as if in a word we were to read, These estates belong to such an one or to such an one: so on the lintel of this Psalm we have inscribed, “At the end, for the people that from holy men were put afar off, to David himself, at the inscription of the Title, when the Allophyli held him in Gath.”
sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. Expositions on the Book of Psalms 56.3
… because if Mine, sweet; if sour, not Mine; if not Mine, surely alien. “There held him,” then, “Allophyli in Geth.” We find indeed, brethren, David himself, son of Jesse, king of Israel, to have been in a strange land among the Allophyli, when he was sought by Saul, and was in that city and with the king of that city,
Socrate Scolastico † 440 d.C. The Ecclesiastical History of Socrates Scholasticus 3.8
… And what apology will these babblers make for David’s flight from Saul, when he sent messengers from his own house to dispatch him; and for his concealment in a cave, after contriving to extricate himself from the treacherous designs of Abimelech,
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san Pietro I di Alessandria † 311 d.C. The Canonical Epistle, with the Commentaries of Theodore Balsamon and John Zonaras 5
But upon those who have used dissimulation like David, who feigned himself to be mad
sant'Atanasio di Alessandria † 373 d.C. Defence of His Flight. (Apologia de Fuga.) 10
… What excuse will they make for David, after all this idle talk, for fleeing from his house on account of Saul, when he sent to kill him, and for hiding himself in the cave, and for changing his appearance, until he withdrew from Abimelech
sant'Ambrogio † 397 d.C. On the Duties of the Clergy 1.43
223. David danced before the ark of the Lord. Samuel did not dance; yet David was not blamed, while the other was praised. David changed his countenance before the king, whose name was Achish.
sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. Against Lying 24
… But if it be no lie, when things which signify one thing by another are referred to the understanding of a truth, assuredly not only that which Jacob did or said to his father that he might be blessed, but that too which Joseph spoke as if in mockery of his brothers, and David’s feigning of madness,
sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. Expositions on the Book of Psalms 34.1
1. Because there was there a sacrifice after the order of Aaron, and afterwards He of His Own Body and Blood appointed a sacrifice after the order of Melchizedek; He changed then His Countenance in the Priesthood, and sent away the kingdom of the Jews, and came to the Gentiles. What then is, “He affected”?
sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. Expositions on the Book of Psalms 34.3
… For very humility taught our Lord in His Own Body and Blood: because when He commendeth His Own Body and Blood, He commendeth His Humility, in that which is written in this history, in that seeming madness of David, which we have passed by, “And his spittle ran down over his beard.”
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VENIT AUTEM DAVID IN NOBE AD ACHIMELECH SACERDOTEM — summum, sive Pontificem. Erat enim Achimelech filius Achiae, filii Achitob, filii Phinees, filii Heli Pontificis. S. Marcus, II, 26, ait Davidem venisse ad Abiathar, sive quia Abiathar filius Achimelechi, patre absente, vices ejus obibat; sive quia nomen utrumque tam filio quam patri erat commune. David initio persecutionis Saulis fugiens, secundo et tertio ad eum rediit, sperans eum sibi reconciliare. At ubi a Jonatha cognovit implacabile ejus odium, fugit, nec amplius ad Saulem rediit. IN NOBE. — Civitas haec cessit sacerdotibus occasione tabernaculi foederis eo translati. Tabernaculum Mosaicum, capta arca, videtur delatum in Nobe; qua a Saule subversa, ut audiemus cap. sequenti, translatum fuit in Gabaon: inde a Salomone traductum in templum. ET OBSTUPUIT ACHIMELECH, EO QUOD VENISSET DAVID — quia videbat eum solum et inermem, velut vagum et profugum, ac causam, scilicet iram Saulis, ignorabat.
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REX PRAECEPIT MIHI SERMONEM. — Mentitur David officiose ad tutandam vitam suam: ne scilicet si diceret se fugere Saulem sibi infensum, Achimelech metuens iram Saulis, non auderet panes sibi dare; rursum ne ipsi Achimelech crearet periculum vitae apud Saulem. Erat enim ibi Doeg, Sauli addictus, qui nihilominus Achimelech apud Saulem accusavit, et causa fuit cur tot sacerdotes occiderentur, ut audiemus capite sequenti. ET PUERIS CONDIXI IN ILLUM ET ILLUM LOCUM. — David solus tecta facie, ne agnosceretur a Doeg, ingressus est ad Achimelech, famulos vero suos jusserit se in loco condicto juxta Nobe exspectare: quare ab Achimelech accepisse panes, eosque ad famulos detulisse; omnes enim laborabant ex bidui itinere inedia et fame. Omnes ex panibus sanctificatis famem expleverunt, ut ait Christus Matth. XII, 3, quia aliunde panes communes ob metum Saulis habere non poterat. Necessitas enim non habet legem.
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SI MUNDI SUNT PUERI, MAXIME A MULIERIBUS — quanto magis in lege nova maritos ab usu uxorum abstinere decet eo die, quo panem non propositionis, sed divinum, puta Eucharistiam sumere volunt? Ita Theologi.
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ET FUERUNT VASA PUERORUM SANCTA. — «Vasa,» id est corpora, fuerunt munda a mulieribus et impolluta. Sic Apostolus, I Thessal. IV, 4, jubet ut quisque «vas suum possideat» id est corpus «in honore et sanctificatione.» PORRO VIA HAEC POLLUTA EST, SED ET IPSA HODIE SANCTIFICABITUR IN VASIS. — Hebraice derech, id est via, saepe sumitur pro more et consuetudine. Q. d. «Via haec,» id est mos hic laicus, immundus et pollutus est; quod scilicet laici vescantur panibus propositionis, quos non nisi sacerdotibus ex lege comedere licet: «sed sanctificabitur in vasis,» q. d. Panis hic sanctus non polluetur, sed sancte recipietur in puris corporibus nostris. Ita S. Hieronymus, Lyranus, Abulensis. Symbolice S. Augustinus, in Psal. LI, docet Davidem hic non tantum regis, sed et sacerdotis personam figurare, itaque repraesentare Christum, qui fuit sacerdos aeque ac rex.
21:6
NEQUE ENIM ERAT IBI PANIS, NISI TANTUM PANES PROPOSITIONIS. — Quomodo Achimelech Pontifex in domo sua non habuit panes communes? Respondet Abulensis causam fuisse quod ipse jam posuerat in mensa panum propositionis panes recentes, ideoque juxta legem veteres sustulerat ad victum suum et suorum; neque coxerat alios, eo quod illi sufficerent. Verum panes propositionis comedere poterant soli (uti dixi Levit. xxiv) sacerdotes eorumque filii masculi, non vero feminae et filiae: quare pro iis Achimelech debebat habere panes communes, quos Davidi dare poterat et debebat. Quare planius dicas Davidem hic rem suam egisse cum Achimelech non in domo, sed in tabernaculo, ubi alii non erant panes quam propositionis. David enim simulabat festinationem et urgens negotium, ne fuga ipsius percrebresceret, itaque ipse caperetur vel occideretur a ministris Saulis.
21:7
ERAT AUTEM IBI VIR QUIDAM DE SERVIS SAUL IN DIE ILLA, INTUS IN TABERNACULO DOMINI; ET NOMEN EJUS DOEG IDUMAEUS. — Obligatus erat voto, quo voverat se per aliquot dies in Tabernaculo mansurum, ut orationi et legi Dei vacaret. Prodidit hic Doeg Davidem et Achimelech Sauli, ideoque fuit typus Judae proditoris prodentis Christum Judaeis. Ita S. Augustinus in Psal. LI.
21:9
ECCE HIC GLADIUS GOLIATH, EST INVOLUTUS PALLIO POST EPHOD. — David gladium hunc Deo consecraverat in tabernaculo quasi victoriae auctori. Asservabatur post vestiarium in quo Ephod et vestes sacerdotales continebantur. Hinc colligit Abulensis recte in templis dicari Deo gladios, arma, vexilla similiaque anathemata in memoriam victoriarium et beneficiorum a Deo receptorum. ET AIT DAVID: NON EST HUIC ALTER SIMILIS, DA MIHI EUM. — Hinc patet Davidem procero vastoque fuisse corpore, utpote qui gladio Goliae uteretur et pugnaret.
21:10
SURREXIT ITAQUE DAVID, ET FUGIT IN DIE ILLA A FACIE SAUL, ET VENIT AD ACHIS REGEM GETH. — David dimissis alio famulis solus fugit ad Achis, ut melius lateret. Nam Goliath occisus a Davide erat ex Geth, cujus rex erat Achis. Geth hebraice idem est quod torcular, idque hic appositum est; David enim quasi in torculari pavoris et angoris pressus fuit.
21:11
NUMQUID NON ISTE EST DAVID REX TERRAE — qui ubique praeliatur, vincit et dominatur? Aut, ut Vatablus, rex terrae, id est, hujus regionis nostrae: ad eum enim regnum terrae nostrae pertinere videtur propter devictum Goliath: ea enim lege pugnatum erat, ut victor possideret regionem victi, q. d. Cum ad Davidem regnum tuum videatur pertinere, o Achis, cur eum in illud non admittis?
21:12
POSUIT AUTEM DAVID SERMONES ISTOS IN CORDE SUO — cogitans modum evadendi tam praesens periculum. Oravit et composuit Psalmum LV, in quo petit ab hostibus liberari, et paulo post composuit Psalmum XXXIII, qui incipit: «Benedicam Dominum in omni tempore.»
21:13
ET IMMUTAVIT OS SUUM CORAM EIS. — Hebraice taamo, id est gustum suum, hoc est sensum suum — David, qui prius erat sensatus, finxit se insanum. Deformabat, contrahebat, et dilatebat habitum oris et faciei suae, os, oculos, nares et labia in varias formas transformando, uti faciunt stulti. ET COLLABEBATUR INTER MANUS EORUM — jactando brachia, divaricando tibias, titubando, et cadendo in terram, fingebat se insanum vel epilepticum. DEFLUEBANTQUE SALIVAE EJUS IN BARBAM — uti fit in epilepticis et phreneticis. Allegorice, S. Augustinus idipsum de Christo explicat: «Affectavit, id est, compassus et miseratus est nos e supremis; et quoniam qui crucifigitur, in ligno extenditur; dictum est: Et tympanizabat, id est, crucifigebatur, in ligno extendebatur. Affectabat, id est, affectum in nos habebat. Ostium nobis est, quod aperitur ut credamus in Deum. Ille autem Dominus Deus noster cruce aperiebat corda mortalium.» Idem S. Augustinus vertit: «Ferebatur in manibus suis» — idque aptat Christo in ultima coena: «Ferebatur Christus in manibus suis, quando comedens ipsum corpus suum ait: Hoc est corpus meum. Ferebat enim illud corpus in manibus suis.» Quaeres, an David peccaverit fingendo se stultum. Mitius veriusque Abulensis et alii censent Davidem non peccasse, tum quia videtur ad hoc motus a Deo — unde paulo post composuit elegantem Psalmum XXXIII — tum quia sic simulare non est mendacium, sed silentium duntaxat veritatis, sive dissimulatio justa de causa. Sic Samuel finxit se ire ad immolandum in Bethlehem (cap. XVI, 2). Sic Josue finxit se fugere cives Hai (cap. VIII, 5). Sic Gedeon cum trecentis finxit se magnum habere exercitum (Judic. VII, 20). Unde Horatius: «Misce stultitiam consiliis brevem. Dulce est desipere in loco.» Et Cato: «Stultitiam simulare loco prudentia summa est.»
21:15
AN DESUNT NOBIS FURIOSI? — quia sicut nunquam desunt aegrotantes corpore, sic nec aegri mente: praesertim quia mentis aegritudo et delirium pendet ex aegritudine corporis et cerebri; quod si minimum laedatur, creat epilepsias, phrenoses, deliria.
21:1
… Per l'eccezione di I Sam. 21, 1-6, in vista della grave necessità di David e del suo seguito (cf. Mt. 12, 4; Mt. 2, 26; Lc. 6, 4), Achimelech richiede un minimo di purità legale. …
TABERNACOLO (TENDA) DI RIUNIONE (EBR. 'ŌHEL, PER LO PIÙ SEGUITO DA MĒ'ĒDH: « T. DA CONVEGNO »)
… possesso (Ex. 40). Il T. seguì gli Israeliti nelle loro vicende dal deserto alla Terra Santa: in Galgala (Ios. 4, 19; 5, 10; 9, 6; 10, 6 sg. 9, 15, 43; 14, 6); in Silo (ibid. 18, 1; 19, 51; Iudc. 18, 31; 21, 19; I Sam. 1-4; 14, 3; Ps. 78, 60); in Nobe (I Sam. 21, 1); in Gabaon (I Par. 16, 39; 21, 29; II Par. 1, 3); sul Sion (I Reg. 3, 4). Costruito il Tempio, fu conservato come una reliquia in una sala superiore di esso. …
21:5
Sono chiamati lēhem pāniem «pane della faccia» o della presenza (Ex. 25, 30; I Sam. 21, 7 ecc.), perché posti davanti a Dio; lēhem tāmīdh «pane perpetuo» (Num. 4, 7); lēhem gādheh «pane santo» (I Sam. 21, 5, 7); dopo l'esilio, anche lēhem ham-ma'ārehheth «pane del mucchio» (I Par. 9, 32; 23, 29; Neh. 10, 33), a motivo della disposizione sulla mensa. …
21:6
… Le versioni greche hanno promiscuamente: ἄρτοι τοῦ προσώπου (I Sam. 21, 6; Neh. 10, 33; Aquila più servilmente: προσώπων), ἄρτοι ἐνώπων (Ex. 25, 30), οἱ ἄρτοι οἱ προσεύμενοι (ibid. 39, 18 [36]), più spesso ἄρτοι τῆς προσθέσεως (ibid. 40, 21; I Sam. 21, 6; …
21:7
… sequestrato » nel tabernacolo, forse per compiervi il suo turno di servizio cui erano obbligati gli stranieri, vide il pontefice Achimelech consegnare al fuggitivo i pani della proposizione e la spada di Golia, dopo aver consultato per lui il Signore (I Sam. 21, 7; 21, 8 ebr.). …
Sono chiamati lēhem pāniem «pane della faccia» o della presenza (Ex. 25, 30; I Sam. 21, 7 ecc.), perché posti davanti a Dio; lēhem tāmīdh «pane perpetuo» (Num. 4, 7); lēhem gādheh «pane santo» (I Sam. 21, 5, 7); dopo l'esilio, anche lēhem ham-ma'ārehheth «pane del mucchio» …
21:8
… tabernacolo, forse per compiervi il suo turno di servizio cui erano obbligati gli stranieri, vide il pontefice Achimelech consegnare al fuggitivo i pani della proposizione e la spada di Golia, dopo aver consultato per lui il Signore (I Sam. 21, 7; 21, 8 ebr.). …
… La spada, prima appesa come ex-voto nel Tabernacolo, verrà ripresa da David fuggitivo (I Sam. 21, 8 sg.). …
21:11
… David, dopo essere stato salvato a Nob dal pontefice Achimelek (v.), cercò asilo presso A., ma, riconosciuto dai cortigiani per l'uccisore di Golia, si finse pazzo e A. lo mandò via (I Sam. 21, 11-16). Il titolo di Ps. 33 (34), 1, si riferisce a questo episodio, ma il nome è corrotto in Abimelech (testo massoretico) o Achimelech (Volgata). …
… Anche i pochissimi resti della lingua filistea che ci sono conservati, non sono semitici: il nome ἀνάμνη («re») sembra essere, come il greco τύραννος, di origine lidica o frigica; il nome Goliath potrebbe essere identico a Ἀλλόφυλος; il nome Achis del re di Geth (I Sam. 21, 11 ecc.) si è conservato nell'egiziano nel nome Aksau di un Kefitiu (cretese). …
GETH (EBR. GATH, ACCAD. GIMTU, « PRESSOIO »)
… Rephaim (v. DIGANTI NELLA BIBLIA): Ios. 11, 22; I Sam. 17, 4; II Sam. 21, 19 sgg.; I Par. 20, 6. Fu punita per aver tenuto l'arca di Jahweh, che vi seminò la morte (I Sam. 5, 7-10; 6, 17). Vi si rifugiò due volte David perseguitato da Saul (I Sam. 21, 11-16; 27, 2-11), presso il re Achis (v.).
21:21
IONATHAN (EBR. JĒHŌNĀTHĀN E JŌNĀTHĀN; VOLGATA I. E IONATHAS)
3. Valoroso nipote di David (ibid. 21, 21; I Par. 20, 7). 4. Zio ed esperto consigliere di David (I Par. 27, 32). 5. Figlio del sommo sacerdote Abiathar; portava a David fuggitivo le notizie intorno al ribelle Absalom (II …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.