The Madianites are slaine in battle, for that they had drawen the people of Israel to sinne. 11. The praye is brought to Moyses, 14. VVho being angrie that the wemen (which were the occasion of sinne) are saued aliue, commandeth to k•lal the male children, and al the wemen sauing only virgins. 19. The souldiars are purified, as also the praye, 26. and then diuided among the victours, and other people, taking out portions for the Leuites. 48. The princes of the hoste geue free offerings to our Lord.
1And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying:E il Signore parlò a Mosè, e disse:AND our Lord spake to Moyses, saying:Locutusque est Dominus ad Moysen, dicens: 2Revenge first the children of Israel on the Madianites, and so thou shalt be gathered to thy people.Fa' prima vendetta del male fatto da' Madianiti a' figliuoli d'Israele, e poi te ne andrai al tuo popolo.Reuenge first the children of Israel on the Madianites, and so thou shalt be gathered to thy people.Ulciscere prius filios Israël de Madianitis, et sic colligeris ad populum tuum. 3And Moses forthwith said: Arm of you men to fight, who may take the revenge of the Lord on the Madianites.E Mosè subito disse: Si mettano all'ordine per combattere un numero di vostra gente, che possano esercitar la vendetta del Signore sopra de' Madianiti:And Moyses forthwith said: Arme of you men to fight, which may take the reuenge of our Lord on the Madianites.Statimque Moyses: Armate, inquit, ex vobis viros ad pugnam, qui possint ultionem Domini expetere de Madianitis. 4Let a thousand men be chosen out of every tribe of Israel to be sent to the war.Si scelgano mille uomini da ogni tribù d'Israele, che si spediscano a questa guerra,Let a thousand men of euerie tribe be chosen of Israel to be sent to the warre.Mille viri de singulis tribubus eligantur ex Israël qui mittantur ad bellum. 5And they gave a thousand of every tribe, that is to say, twelve thousand men well appointed for battle.E furono eletti mille di ogni tribù, cioè dodici mila uomini armati di tutto punto:And they gaue a thousand of euerie tribe, that is to say, twelue thousand wel appointed to fight:Dederuntque millenos de singulis tribubus, id est, duodecim millia expeditorum ad pugnam: 6And Moses sent them with Phinees the son of Eleazar the priest, and he delivered to him the holy vessels, and the trumpets to sound.I quali Mosè, spedì con Phinees figliuolo di Eleazaro sommo sacerdote; e diede a lui anche i vasi santi, e le trombe per suonare.whom Moyses sent with Phinees the sonne of Eleazar the priest, and the holie vessel, and the trumpettes to sound he deliuered to him.quos misit Moyses cum Phinees filio Eleazari sacerdotis, vasa quoque sancta, et tubas ad clangendum tradidit ei. 7And when they had fought against the Madianites and had overcome them, they slew all the men.E avendo attaccata la mischia co' Madianiti, e avendoli vinti, uccisero tutti i maschi,And when they had fought against the Madianites and had ouercome, al the men they slew,Cumque pugnassent contra Madianitas atque vicissent, omnes mares occiderunt,
8And their kings Evi, and Recem, and Sur, and Hur, and Rebe, five princes of the nation: Balaam also the son of Beor they killed with the sword.E i loro re, Evi, e Recem, e Sur, e Hur, e Rebe, cinque principi di quella nazione: uccisero anche Balaam figliuolo di Beor.and their kinges Eui, and Recem, and Sur, and Hur, and Rebe, fiue princes of the Nation: Balaam also the sonne of Beor they killed with the sword.et reges eorum, Evi, et Recem, et Sur, et Hur, et Rebe, quinque principes gentis: Balaam quoque filium Beor interfecerunt gladio. 9And they took their women, and their children captives, and all their cattle, and all their goods: and all their possessions they plundered:E presero le loro donne, e i fanciulli, e tutti i bestiami, e tutte le robe loro: tutto quel che poterono avere fu messo a saccomanno.And they tooke their wiues, and litle ones, and al their goodes: whatsoeuer they had bene able to make, they spoiled:Ceperuntque mulieres eorum, et parvulos, omniaque pecora, et cunctam supellectilem: quidquid habere potuerant depopulati sunt: 10And all their cities, and their villages, and castles, they burned.E furono consumate dalle fiamme le città, e i borghi, e i castelli.as wel cities as townes and castels the fire did consume.tam urbes quam viculos et castella flamma consumpsit. 11And they carried away the booty, and all that they had taken both of men and of beasts.E tolsero la preda, e tutto quello, onde si erano impadroniti, tanto uomini, come bestie,And they tooke the praye, and al thinges that they had taken as wel of men as of beastes,Et tulerunt prædam, et universa quæ ceperant tam ex hominibus quam ex jumentis, 12And they brought them to Moses, and Eleazar the priest, and to all the multitude of the children of Israel. But the rest of the things for use they carried to the camp on the plains of Moab, beside the Jordan over against Jericho.E li condussero a Mosè, e ad Eleazaro sommo sacerdote, e a tutta la moltitudine de' figliuoli d'Israele: le altre robe poi le portarono agli alloggiamenti nella pianura di Moab vicino al Giordano dirimpetto a Gerico.and they brought them to Moyses, and Eleazar the priest, and to al the multitude of the children of Israel. but the rest of the implementes they caried to the campe in the champion countries of Moab, beside Iordan against Iericho.et adduxerunt ad Moysen, et Eleazarum sacerdotem, et ad omnem multitudinem filiorum Israël: reliqua autem utensilia portaverunt ad castra in campestribus Moab juxta Jordanem contra Jericho.
13And Moses and Eleazar the priest and all the princes of the synagogue went forth to meet them without the camp.E Mosè ed Eleazaro sommo sacerdote, e tutti i principi della sinagoga andaron loro all'incontro fuora degli alloggiamenti.And Moyses and Eleazar the priest went forth, and al the princes of the synagogue to meete them without the campe.Egressi sunt autem Moyses et Eleazar sacerdos, et omnes principes synagogæ, in occursum eorum extra castra. 14And Moses being angry with the chief officers of the army, the tribunes, and the centurions that were come from the battle,E Mosè andò in collera contro i capi dell'esercito, i tribuni, e i centurioni, che tornaron dalla guerra;And Moyses being angrie with the princes of the hoste, the tribunes, and the centurions that were come from the battle,Iratusque Moyses principibus exercitus, tribunis, et centurionibus qui venerant de bello, 15Said: Why have you saved the women?E disse: Perché avete salvate le donne?said: Why haue you reserued the wemen?ait: Cur feminas reservastis ? 16Are not these they, that deceived the children of Israel by the counsel of Balaam, and made you transgress against the Lord by the sin of Phogor, for which also the people was punished?Non sono elleno quelle che a suggestione di Balaam sedussero i figliuoli d'Israele, e vi fecero prevaricare contro il Signore col peccaminoso culto di Phogor, onde il popolo ebbe flagello?Are not these they, that deceiued the children of Israel at the suggestion of Balaam, and made you preuaricate against our Lord vpon the sinne of Phogor, whereupon also the people was stroken?nonne istæ sunt, quæ deceperunt filios Israël ad suggestionem Balaam, et prævaricari vos fecerunt in Domino super peccato Phogor, unde et percussus est populus ? 17Therefore kill all that are of the male sex, even of the children: and put to death the women, that have carnally known men.Or voi uccidete tutti i maschi anche di tenera età: e scannate le donne che han conosciuto uomo:Therfore kil al whatsoeuer is of the male sexe, among the litle ones also: and the wemen, that haue knowne men in carnal copulation, slea ye:ergo cunctos interficite quidquid est generis masculinis, etiam in parvulis: et mulieres, quæ noverunt viros in coitu, jugulate: 18But the girls, and all the women that are virgins save for yourselves:Ma serbatevi le fanciulline, e tutte le donne vergini:but the gyrles and al the wemen that are virgins reserue to you:puellas autem et omnes feminas virgines reservate vobis: 19And stay without the camp seven days. He that hath killed a man, or touched one that is killed, shall be purified the third day and the seventh day.E restate fuora degli alloggiamenti per sette giorni. Chi avrà ucciso un uomo, o toccato un ucciso, si purificherà il terzo, e il settimo giorno:and tarying without the campe seuen dayes. He that hath killed a man, or touched him that is killed, shal be expiated the third day and the seuenth.et manete extra castra septem diebus. Qui occiderit hominem, vel occisum tetigerit, lustrabitur die tertio et septimo.
20And of all the spoil, every garment, or vessel, or any thing made for use, of the skins, or hair of goats, or of wood, shall be purified.E tutta la preda, sieno vesti, sieno vasi, o mobili fatti di pelle, o di pelo di capra, ovvero di legno, si purificherà.And of al the praye, whether it be garment, or vessel, and some thing prepared for implementes, of goates skinnes, and heare, and wood shal be expiated.Et de omni præda, sive vestimentum fuerit, sive vas, et aliquid in utensilia præparatum, de caprarum pellibus, et pilis, et ligno, expiabitur. 21Eleazar also the priest spoke to the men of the army, that had fought, in this manner: This is the ordinance of the law, which the Lord hath commanded Moses:Anche il sommo sacerdote Eleazaro parlò così a' soldati, che erano stati alla battaglia: Questo è l'ordine dato dal Signore a Mosè:Eleazar also the priest spake to the hoste, that had fought, in this maner: This is the precept of the law, which our Lord hath commanded Moyses:Eleazar quoque sacerdos ad viros exercitus, qui pugnaverunt, sic locutus est: Hoc est præceptum legis, quod mandavit Dominus Moysi: 22Gold, and silver, and brass, and iron, and lead, and tin,L'oro e l'argento, e il rame, e il ferro, e il piombo, e lo stagno,Gold, and siluer, and brasse, and yron, and leade, and tinne,aurum, et argentum, et æs, et ferrum, et plumbum, et stannum, 23And all that may pass through the fire, shall be purified by fire, but whatsoever cannot abide the fire, shall be sanctified with the water of expiation:E tutto quello che può reggere al fuoco, si purificherà col fuoco: quelle cose poi, che non possono soffrir il fuoco, si santificheranno coll'acqua di espiazione:and al that may passe through the fyre, shal be purged by fyre, but whatsoeuer can not abide the fire, shal be sanctified with the water of expiation:et omne, quod potest transire per flammas, igne purgabitur: quidquid autem ignem non potest sustinere, aqua expiationis sanctificabitur: 24And you shall wash your garments the seventh day, and being purified, you shall afterwards enter into the camp.E il settimo dì laverete le vostre vesti, e purificati entrerete poi negli alloggiamenti.and you shal wash your garmentes the seuenth day, and being purified, afterward you shal enter into the campe.et lavabitis vestimenta vestra die septimo, et purificati postea castra intrabitis. 25And the Lord said to Moses:Disse anche il Signore a Mosè:And our Lord said to Moyses:Dixit quoque Dominus ad Moysen: 26Take the sum of the things that were taken both of man and beast, thou and Eleazar the priest and the princes of the multitude:Fate il conto di tutto quello che è preda dagli uomini fino alle bestie, tu, ed Eleazaro sommo sacerdote, e i principi del popolo:Take the summe of those thinges, that were taken from man vnto beast, thou and Eleazar the priest and the princes of the multitude:Tollite summam eorum quæ capta sunt, ab homine usque ad pecus, tu et Eleazar sacerdos et principes vulgi:
27And thou shalt divide the spoil equally, between them that fought and went out to the war, and between the rest of the multitude.E dividerai in parti eguali il bottino tra coloro che hanno pugnato, e son iti alla guerra, e tra tutta l'altra moltitudine:and thou shalt diuide the praye equally betwene them, that fought & went forth to the warre, and betwen the rest of the multitude.dividesque ex æquo prædam inter eos qui pugnaverunt egressique sunt ad bellum, et inter omnem reliquam multitudinem. 28And thou shalt separate a portion to the Lord from them that fought and were in the battle, one soul of five hundred as well of persons as of oxen and asses and sheep.E della parte di quelli che pugnarono, e andarono alla guerra, ne separerai pel Signore ogni cinquecento capi uno tanto degli uomini, come de' buoi, pecore, ed asini,and thou shalt separate a portion to the Lord from them, that fought and were in the battle, one soule of fiue hundred as wel of mankind as of oxen and asses and sheepe,Et separabis partem Domino ab his qui pugnaverunt et fuerunt in bello, unam animam de quingentis, tam ex hominibus quam ex bobus et asinis et ovibus, 29And thou shalt give it to Eleazar the priest, because they are the firstfruits of the Lord.E la darai ad Eleazaro sommo sacerdote, perché queste son le primizie del Signore.and thou shalt geue it to Eleazar the priest, because they are the first fruites of the Lord.et dabis eam Eleazaro sacerdoti, quia primitiæ Domini sunt. 30Out of the moiety also of the children of Israel thou shalt take the fiftieth head of persons, and of oxen, and asses, and sheep, and of all beasts, and thou shalt give them to the Levites that watch in the charge of the tabernacle of the Lord.Dell'altra metà ancora, che è de' figliuoli d'Israele, prenderai ogni cinquanta capi, uno degli uomini, de' buoi, degli asini, delle pecore, e di tutti gli animali, e li darai a' Leviti, che vegliano al servigio del tabernacolo del Signore.Out of the halfe part also of the children of Israel thou shalt take the fiftith head of mankind, and of oxen, and asses, and sheepe, and of al beastes, and thou shalt geue them to the Leuites, that watch in the custodies of the tabernacle of the Lord.Ex media quoque parte filiorum Israël accipies quinquagesimum caput hominum, et boum, et asinorum, et ovium, cunctorum animantium, et dabis ea Levitis, qui excubant in custodiis tabernaculi Domini. 31And Moses and Eleazar did as the Lord had commanded.E Mosè ed Eleazaro fecero secondo il comando del Signore.And Moyses and Eleazar did, as our Lord commanded.Feceruntque Moyses et Eleazar sicut præceperat Dominus.
32And the spoil which the army had taken, was six hundred seventy-five thousand sheep,E la preda fatta dall'esercito fu secento settanta cinque mila pecore,And the praye which the hoste had taken, was of sheepe six hundred seuentie fiue thousand,Fuit autem præda, quam exercitus ceperat, ovium sexcenta septuaginta quinque millia, 33Seventy-two thousand oxen,Settanta due mila buoi,of oxen seuentie two thousand,boum septuaginta duo millia, 34Sixty-one thousand asses:Sessantun mila asini:of asses sixtie one thousand.asinorum sexaginta millia et mille: 35And thirty-two thousand persons of the female sex, that had not known men.Trenta due mila persone di sesso femminino, che eran vergini.The soules of the folkes of the female sexe, that had not knowne men, thirtie two thousand.animæ hominum sexus feminei, quæ non cognoverant viros, triginta duo millia. 36And one half was given to them that had been in the battle, to wit, three hundred thirty-seven thousand five hundred sheep:E la metà fu data a quelli che erano stati alla battaglia, trecento trenta sette milacinquecento pecore:And the halfe part was geuen to them, that had bene in the battle, of sheepe three hundred thirtie seuen thousand fiue hundred:Dataque est media pars his qui in prælio fuerant, ovium trecenta triginta septem millia quingentæ: 37Out of which, for the portion of the Lord, were reckoned six hundred seventy five sheep.Delle quali si serbarono per la porzione del Signore secento sessanta cinque pecore.of the which for the portion of our Lord were reckened sheepe six hundred seuentie fiue.e quibus in partem Domini supputatæ sunt oves sexcentæ septuaginta quinque: 38And out of the thirty-six thousand oxen, seventy-two oxen:E de' trenta sei mila bovi si serbarono settanta due bovi:And of the thirtie six thousand oxen, oxen seuentie and two:et de bobus triginta sex millibus, boves septuaginta et duo: 39Out of the thirty thousand five hundred asses, sixty-one asses:De' trenta mila cinquecento asini, asini sessantuno:of the thirtie thousand fiue hundred asses, asses sixtie one:de asinis triginta millibus quingentis, asini sexaginta unus: 40Out of the sixteen thousand persons, there fell to the portion of the Lord, thirty-two souls.Delle sedici mila persone furono assegnate per la porzione del Signore trentadue persone.of the soules of mankind sixtene thousand, there fel to the portion of our Lord thirtie two soules.de animabus hominum sedecim millibus, cesserunt in partem Domini triginta duæ animæ. 41And Moses delivered the number of the firstfruits of the Lord to Eleazar the priest, as had been commanded him,E Mosè secondo l'ordine ricevuto diede ad Eleazaro sacerdote il suo numero delle primizie del Signore,And Moyses deliuered the number of the first fruites of our Lord to Eleazar the priest, as it had bene commanded him,Tradiditque Moyses numerum primitiarum Domini Eleazaro sacerdoti, sicut fuerat ei imperatum, 42Out of the half of the children of Israel, which he had separated for them that had been in the battle.Tolte da quella metà, che era stata assegnata a' figliuoli d'Israele, che erano stati alla guerra:of the halfe part of the children of Israel, which he had separated to them, that had bene in the battle.ex media parte filiorum Israël, quam separaverat his qui in prælio fuerant.
43But out of the half that fell to the rest of the multitude, that is to say, out of the three hundred thirty-seven thousand five hundred sheep,E dall'altra metà, che era toccata al restante della moltitudine, vale a dire dalle trecentotrenta sette mila cinquecento pecore,But of the halfe part that had chanced to the rest of the multitude, that is to say, of the three hundred thirtie seuen thousand fiue hundred sheepe,De media vero parte, quæ contigerat reliquæ multitudini, id est, de ovibus trecentis triginta septem millibus quingentis, 44And out of the thirty-six thousand oxen,E da' trentasei mila buoi,and of the thirtie six thousand oxen,et de bobus triginta sex millibus, 45And out of the thirty thousand five hundred asses,E da' trenta mila cinquecento asini,and of the thirtie thousand fiue hundred asses,et de asinis triginta millibus quingentis, 46And out of the sixteen thousand persons,E da' sedici mila uomini,and of the sixtene thousand of mankind,et de hominibus sedecim millibus, 47Moses took the fiftieth head, and gave it to the Levites that watched in the tabernacle of the Lord, as the Lord had commanded.Tolse Mosè un capo per ogni cinquanta, e li diede a' Leviti, che vegliavano al servigio del tabernacolo del Signore, come avea ordinato il Signore.Moyses tooke the fiftith head, and gaue it to the Leuites, that watched in the tabernacle of our Lord, as our Lord had commanded.tulit Moyses quinquagesimum caput, et dedit Levitis, qui excubabant in tabernaculo Domini, sicut præceperat Dominus. 48And when the commanders of the army, and the tribunes and centurions were come to Moses, they said:E appressatisi a Mosè i capi dell'esercito, e i tribuni, e i centurioni, dissero:And when the princes of the hoste were come to Moyses, and the tribunes, and centurions, they said:Cumque accessissent principes exercitus ad Moysen, et tribuni, centurionesque, dixerunt: 49We thy servants have reckoned up the number of the fighting men, whom we had under our hand, and not so much as one was wanting.Noi servi tuoi abbiam contato il numero de' combattenti, che avevamo sotto di noi: e non ne manca neppur uno.We thy seruantes haue reckened the number of the warryers, which we had vnder our hand: and not so much as one verily was lacking.Nos servi tui recensuimus numerum pugnatorum, quos habuimus sub manu nostra: et ne unus quidem defuit. 50Therefore we offer as gifts to the Lord what gold every one of us could find in the booty, in garters and tablets, rings and bracelets, and chains, that thou mayst pray to the Lord for us.Per questa ragione noi offeriam ciascheduno in dono al Signore tutto l'oro, che abbiam potuto trovar nella preda, cintoli, e braccialetti, anelli, e orecchini, e vezzi, affinché tu preghi il Signore per noi.For this cause we offer in the donaties of our Lord euerie one that which we could finde in the praye of gold, garters and tablettes, ringes and braceletes, and cheynes, that thou maiest, pray to our Lord for vs.Ob hanc causam offerimus in donariis Domini singuli quod in præda auri potuimus invenire, periscelides et armillas, annulos et dextralia, ac murænulas, ut depreceris pro nobis Dominum.
51And Moses and Eleazar the priest received all the gold in divers kinds,E Mosè ed Eleazaro sacerdote riceverono tutto l'oro lavorato in diverse guise,And Moyses and Eleazar the priest receiued al the gold in diuerse formes,Susceperuntque Moyses et Eleazar sacerdos omne aurum in diversis speciebus, 52In weight sixteen thousand seven hundred and fifty sicles, from the tribunes and from the centurions.Offerto da' tribuni, e da' centurioni in peso di sedici mila settecento cinquanta sicli;in weight sixtene thousand, seuen hundred fiftie sicles of the tribunes and of the centurions.pondo sedecim millia septingentos quinquaginta siclos, a tribunis et centurionibus. 53For that which every one had taken in the booty was his own.(Perocché quello che ciascuno nel saccomanno avea pigliato, era suo).For that which euerie one had spoiled in the praye, was his owne.Unusquisque enim quod in præda rapuerat, suum erat. 54And that which was received they brought into the tabernacle of the testimony, for a memorial of the children of Israel before the Lord.E lo presero, e lo portarono nel tabernacolo del testimonio per istarvi come monumento de' figliuoli d'Israele dinanzi al Signore.And that which was receiued they brought into the tabernacle of testimonie, for a monument of the children of Israel before our Lord.Et susceptum intulerunt in tabernaculum testimonii, in monimentum filiorum Israël coram Domino.
31:1
Year of the World 2553, Year before Christ 1451.
31:2
Haydock
Madianites. The five princes, (ver. 8,) had joined Sehon, in his attack upon the Hebrews, Josue 13:21. They had united with the Moabites against them, and had been most active in perverting the people of God. They had even the wicked Balaam still among them, who was bent upon destruction; so that God saw the measure of their crimes was full, their provocations unsufferable, and he was pleased to let Moses be witness of their just punishment. This he would effect with a very small force, ver. 5. (Haydock)
This war of religion was terminated about a month before the death of Moses.
31:6
Calmet
Trumpets. These are the holy vessels just specified, though some believe that he carried the ark, which was done in some wars, Josue 6:1., and 1 Kings 4:5. Priests always sounded the trumpet, Deuteronomy 20:2. Phinees was appointed general of this expedition to reward him for his zeal against the fornicators. (Calmet)
Salien
Or Josue headed the army, as he did on other occasions, though his name be not here specified. The tribe of Levi was not obliged to go to battle, and therefore only twelve tribes send each 1000. Josue had been elected general by God, so that it was not necessary to mention his name. (Salien)
31:8
Calmet
Recem; by which name Petra, the capital of Arabia Petrea, is known. This petty king probably took his title from this city, over which he presided. (Calmet)
Haydock
All the five had been, perhaps, tributary to Sehon, Josue 13:21. (Haydock)
Calmet
Sur, the wretched parent of Cozbi, chap. 25:15. (Calmet)
Haydock
Balaam. Some think he was a native of Madian, though he had resided in Mesopotamia. He had either stopped in this country, or hearing of the calamities of the Hebrews, had returned to receive the reward of his pernicious counsel. Thus he was overtaken by God's just judgment, and he fell into the pit which his avarice had dug for him, chap. 24:25. (Haydock)
Salien
Probably he was busy with his incantations; for this sort of men is generally cowardly. He had no sword, (Numbers 22:29.) (Salien)
31:9
Possessions. Literally, "all that they could, they plundered." It seems they did not advance very far into the country; or many saved themselves by flight; for we find the Madianites soon powerful enough to enslave the Hebrews, Judges 6:1.
31:10
Calmet
Castles. Hebrew tiroth, means also, "palaces, or shepherds' huts." (Calmet)
31:13
Calmet
Camp. They had sent news of their victory, and of the plunder which they were bringing to the camp, (Haydock) to be divided equally among their fellow soldiers, when they were met by Moses, etc., who came to congratulate with them, and to examine how they executed their commission, as well as to admonish them to be purified before they entered the camp, ver. 19. (Calmet)
31:15
Haydock
Women. They had received no positive orders respecting them, and it was customary to spare their lives. But these dissolute women had rendered themselves unworthy of such indulgence, (Calmet) and the sight of them raised the just indignation of Moses, who was afraid lest their manners should corrupt the victors. (Haydock)
31:16
Challoner
The sin of Phogor. The sin committed in the worship of Beelphegor. (Challoner)
Haydock
Many of the prostitutes had returned home, being terrified at the slaughter of their queen, Cozbi. (Haydock)
31:17
Challoner
Of children. Women and children, ordinarily speaking, were not to be killed in war, Deuteronomy 20:14. But the great lord of life and death was pleased to order it otherwise in the present case, in detestation of the wickedness of this people, who by the counsel of Balaam, had sent their women amongst the Israelites on purpose to draw them from God. (Challoner)
Forbes
Only those who were under twelve would be thus reserved; and as their tender minds might yet receive the impressions of virtue, by a proper education, they might, one day, be married by some of the Hebrews. The boys were all slain, either because they might be inclined to resent the injury done to their relations, or because they were all consecrated to Beelphegor; the first-born to be his priests, the rest to be victims, if necessary, to avert any evil. For "the heathens in cold blood," says Paine, "offered their children in sacrifice to Baalpeor." It was on this account, that the killing of all the first-born in Egypt, was felt so terribly, as the people could not lawfully approach their gods. (Forbes)
Haydock
Moses did not reserve the girls for the purpose of debauchery, as Paine ignorantly pretends; for that was contrary to his own laws, nor did he wantonly kill the innocent, which he also strictly forbade, and which he would have been still more afraid to do, if he had been an impostor. But he preserved the lives of those girls who might be presumed innocent, and who might live to do good, while he took the revenge of the Lord (ver. 3,) upon the rest. (Haydock)
31:19
Shall be. Hebrew, "purify yourselves and your captives on the," etc. The girls, and all the booty, might probably be rendered unclean by the presence of a corpse, etc., chap 19:14.
31:23
Calmet
Expiation, with which even the vessels which had been through the fire, were to be purified, or washed, as the Hebrew, Septuagint, etc., observe. (Calmet)
Moses perhaps gave this ordinance by word of mouth, on this occasion, (Menochius) though something similar be prescribed before, Leviticus 6:28., 11:33, and 15:12.
31:27
Calmet
Equally. Those who had been in battle, had about a 50th part more than the rest. They gave the first-fruits to the priests, while those in the camp presented theirs to the Levites. Other rules were afterwards observed. See 1 Kings 30:24., and 2 Machabees 8:28. The Rabbins assign the greatest share to the king, (Selden, Jur. 6:16,) and Homer gives the largest portion to the general; after which the rest was equally divided, and even the absent partook. The gods were not forgotten. So also among the Hebrews, Syrians, etc., the general make an equal division. David assigns a part of the booty for sacred uses, 1 Paralipomenon 26:26. See Exodus 15:9. (Calmet)
31:32
Calmet
Spoil. Hebrew, "the remains of the spoil," which had not been consumed by the 12,000. (Calmet)
31:41
Fruits. Hebrew, "a heave-offering to," etc., ver. 29.
31:49
Haydock
Wanting. Septuagint, "all were unanimous," (Origen,) and "all answered to their names." Thus God was pleased to shew, that his Providence had directed the battle. (Haydock)
31:50
Garters. Septuagint, "bracelets," put on the arm, 2 Kings 1:10. Sometimes the Eastern nations wore large precious rings on their legs.
Tablets. Hebrew tsamid, an ornament of the hand, Genesis 24:22. The armillae, or viriliae, were worn by men near the shoulder.
Bracelets, (dextralia) for the right hand, Ecclesiasticus 21:14. Hebrew hagil, means an ear-ring, Ezechiel 16:12.
Haydock
Chains of gold and silver interlaced, worn round the neck. (St. Jerome, ep. ad Marcel.) The Madianites went to battle in their richest attire, (Judges 6:21,) as did also the Persians; (Bellon. 2,) and the Turks do so still, (Calmet) being descended from Ismael, the half brother of Madian, who both settled in Arabia. (Haydock)
Calmet
His own. Gold, and such ornaments as might easily be concealed by the soldiers, where not required to be brought to the common stock to be equally divided. (Calmet)
Salien
There were 840,000 head of living creatures, including the 32,000 virgins, which were distributed. The gold, which was voluntarily presented to the Lord, amounted to above five talents. (Salien, B.C. 1470.)
Du Hamel
The princes made a voluntary offering of their gold, but the common soldiers retained what each man had gotten. (Du Hamel)
31:16
The sin of Phogor.... The sin committed in the worship of Beelphegor.
31:17
Of children.... Women and children, ordinarily speaking, were not to be killed in war, Deut. 20.14. But the great Lord of life and death was pleased to order it otherwise in the present case, in detestation of the wickedness of this people, who by the counsel of Balaam, had sent their women among the Israelites on purpose to draw them from God.
31:8
VVith whō he sinned, with them he was also iustly punished.
31:16
These wemen bringing imagies of Beelphogot, caused the Israelites to offer sacrifice to him, before they should committe fornication with them.
31:17
In more detestation of the parents sinne, God cō manded to kil these children & so they were preuented, from committing the like crimes. But ordinarily, wemen & children ought not to be slaine after the victorie. Deut. 20. v. 14.
31:3
sant'Ireneo di Lione † 202 d.C. Fragments from the Lost Writings of Irenaeus, XXV 1
“To inflict vengeance from the Lord on Midian.”
31:8
sant'Ireneo di Lione † 202 d.C. Fragments from the Lost Writings of Irenaeus, XXV 1
… For he who did not keep to the commandment of God, received the just recompense of his own evil devices.
sant'Ireneo di Lione † 202 d.C. Fragments from the Lost Writings of Irenaeus, XLV 1
“And Balaam the son of Beor they slew with the sword.”
san Giovanni Crisostomo † 407 d.C. Homilies on First Corinthians 23
… For that this evil counsel was Balaam’s Moses sheweth after this, in the following statement at the end of the Book of Numbers. (
31:16
sant'Ireneo di Lione † 202 d.C. Fragments from the Lost Writings of Irenaeus, XXV 1
“To inflict vengeance from the Lord on Midian.” For this man (Balaam), when he speaks no longer in the Spirit of God, but contrary to God’s law, by setting up a different law with regard to fornication,
san Giovanni Crisostomo † 407 d.C. The Homilies on the Statues to the People of Antioch 14.9
… which accordingly happened. For when they had fallen into sin, they became an easy prey to all; and those whom weapons, and horses, and soldiers, and so many engines availed not to capture,
31:18
sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. The Harmony of the Gospels 2.28
… That is the case, for instance, where it is written of Eve, “He made it into a woman;” and again, in the book of Numbers, where the women who have not known a man by lying with him, that is to say, the virgins, are ordered to be saved from being put to death.
sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. Sermons on Selected Lessons of the New Testament 2.10
… You have a plain passage in Genesis, when Eve herself was first made, “He made her a woman.” Scripture also in another place saith, that God ordered “the women ” to be separated “which had not known man by lying with him.”
31:47
san Giovanni Crisostomo † 407 d.C. Commentary on Galatians 6
Here he proceeds to discourse concerning Teachers, to the effect that they ought to be tended with great assiduity by their disciples. Now what is the reason that Christ so commanded? For this law, “that they which preach the Gospel should live of the Gospel,” ( 1 Cor. ix. 14 .) is laid down in the New Testament; and likewise in the Old, (
31:2
2. «Ulciscere filios Israel de Madianitis» — quia ipsi provocarunt Israelitas, prostituendo eis filias suas, ad fornicationem et ad idololatriam Beelphegor, idque ea mente et scopo, ut eos postea, utpote a Deo desertos, invaderent et caederent, uti dixi cap. xxv initio.
31:3
3. QUI POSSINT ULTIONEM DOMINI EXPETERE DE MADIANITIS. — Ultio haec dicitur Domini, primo, quia fiet a Domino vos adjuvante, et ante vos pugnante, ac prosternente Madianitas: ita Septuaginta. Secundo, ultio Domini erit ea, qua ulciscemini injuriam populo Domini, et per consequens ipsi Domino, a Madianitis illatam. Ita Chaldaeus.
31:5
5 et 6. «Duodecim millia,» etc., «misit cum Phinees» (quia Phinees animosissime impedivit hoc scelus et scandalum Beelphegor, occidendo Madianitdem, cap. xxv, vers. 7), «vasa quoque sancta, et TUBAS (de quibus cap. x, 2) AD CLANGENDUM TRADIDIT EI.» — «Vasa sancta» erant arca cum tabulis legis, Cherubim et propitiatorio; haec enim secum deferebant Judaei euntes ad bellum, ut scilicet ita quasi Deum, propitiatorio insidentem, secum deveherent, qui castra hostium sua praesentia dissiparet et protereret. Haec ergo cum tubis tradita sunt Phinees sacerdoti, id est curae ejus commissa sunt. Phinees enim profectus est ad hoc bellum, non tam ut dux esset belli, quam ut sacerdos sacris praeesset. Discant hic duces in castris probos habere sacerdotes, qui pietatem promoveant, Dei offensas et peccata cohibeant. Discant et milites sacra sacrosque, ac Deum revereri: Deus enim est qui dat victoriam. Hodie non raro aliter agitur; hinc clades et lacrymae. Audi Petrum Blesensem, epist. 94: «Olim, ait, se juramento milites obligabant, quod starent pro reipublicae statu, quod in acie non fugerent: sed et hodie tirones enses suos recipiunt de altari, ut profiteantur se filios Ecclesiae. Porro in contrarium res versa est; nam ex quo hodie militari cingulo decorantur, statim insurgunt in Christos Domini, et desaeviunt in patrimonium Christi: spoliant et depraedantur subjectos Christi pauperes, et miserabiliter atque immisericorditer affligunt miseros, ut in doloribus alienis illicitos appetitus, et extraordinarias impleant voluntates.» Addit secundo: «Qui contra inimicos crucis vires suas exerere debuerant, in potibus et ebrietatibus pugnant. Vacant otio, marcent crapula, vitamque degenerem in immunditiis transigentes, nomen et officium militiae dehonestant. Hi laudant in pace praedas, inter arma fugas, inter vina victorias, cum sint in praetoriis leones, in praeliis lepores.» Addit tertio: «Ordo militum nunc est, ordinem non tenere; nam cujus os malorum verborum spurcitia polluitur, qui detestabilius jurat, qui minus Deum timet, ministros Dei vilificat, qui Ecclesiam non veretur: iste hodie in coetu militum fortior et nominatior reputatur.» Isti sunt galeati lepores, qui fortes sunt ad furandum, potandum, constuprandum, abigendum pecora amicorum; sed quibus in acie nulla est vis, nec in victoria decus, nec in fuga flagitium: exercitus lingua quam manu promptior, praedator et sociis, et ipse hostium praeda. Allegorice, vasa haec et Cherubim sunt angeli sancti, qui cum viris piis et probis certant contra daemones et peccata, eosque animant et adjuvant. Tubae sunt praedicatorum divinorum sermones et cohortationes. Phinees est Christus, qui hujus belli dux est et director. Ita Cyrillus, lib. IV De Adoratione. Rursum arca continens manna, id est Christum, est B. Virgo, quae victoriam contra homines et daemones largitur. Refert Theophanes, Anastasius et Cedrenus, atque ex iis Baronius anno Christi 625, Heraclium Imperatorem superasse Chosroem regem Persarum ope B. Virginis, qua factum est ut grando mirae magnitudinis Persas contriverit. Anno Domini 886, Basilius imperator Saracenorum Principem, qui Christum ejusque matrem subsannaverat, invocans B. Virginem bello superavit, ut refert Curopalatus, et ex eo Baronius. Joannes Zemisca Imperator Graecorum Bulgaros, Rossos, etc., superavit ope B. Virginis, quae misit S. Theodorum martyrem, qui visus est equo albo insidens in prima acie pro Romanis pugnare, et hostium vires infringere; unde Zemisca in ejus honorem templum aedificavit. Pelagius, princeps Asturum, ope B. Virginis cum paucis Gothos superavit; tela enim hostium in ipsosmet retorta sunt vi divina, ita ut Alchamam eorum dux cum viginti millibus caesus sit. Inde coeperunt Hispani regnum a Gothis occupatum recuperare. Exstat adhuc spelunca in qua cum suis latuit Pelagius, B. Virgini dicata, dictaque S. Maria de Covadunga: ita Tadensis, Rodericus, et ex iis Baronius, anno Christi 718. Narses Magnus, B. Virginis cliens et cultor, sub Justiniano Imperatore ope Virginis miras et celebres contra Totilam et Gothos obtinuit victorias; solebat enim B. Virgo ei apparere, et quando praelium ineundum esset praecipere: quare ipse in aciem non descendebat, nisi ab ea tempus opportunum cognovisset, uti refert Procopius, Evagrius, et ex iis Baronius, anno Christi 568. Stephanus Hungarorum rex, iturus contra hostes, supplex opem B. Virginis implorabat, dicens: «Si placet tibi, o Domina mundi, tuae partem haereditatis ab inimicis devastari, et novellam Christianismi plantationem dissipari, ne, quaeso, sinas illud imputari diffidentiae meae, sed potius dispositioni voluntatis tuae. Si quid commisit culpa pastoris, ipse luat: oves, quaeso, insontes ne patiaris affligi.» Uti refert Antonius Bonfinius, lib. I De Rebus Hungar. dec. 2. Nota est celebris victoria Joannis Austriaci, quam ipse a Turcis retulit ope B. Virginis: unde ejus memoriam quotannis recolunt fideles, vocantque festum S. Mariae de Victoria, quod celebrant sub initium octobris. Contigit illa anno Domini 1571, in mari Corinthiaco.
31:7
7. CUMQUE PUGNASSENT CONTRA MADIANITAS, ATQUE VICISSENT, OMNES MARES OCCIDERUNT, — qui scilicet erant in Madian: nam aliquos, audito belli instantis rumore, ex Madian in vicina loca fugisse patet, ex eo quod ipsi restituerint gentem Madian, quae postea Judaeis fuit infesta, maxime tempore Gedeonis. Ita Abulensis.
31:8
8. ET REGES EORUM, EVI, ET RECEM, ET SUR, ET HUR, ET REBE, — hi sunt quinque reges, id est, principes Madian, e quibus Sur pater fuit Madianitidis, quam occidit Phinees, cap. xxv, vers. 18. BALAAM QUOQUE FILIUM BEOR INTERFECERUNT GLADIO. — Hinc patet Balaam a Balac, rege Moab, transisse in Madian, ibique similia contra Hebraeos machinatum esse, atque fecerat in Moab: ideoque jure ab Hebraeis in Madian cum aliis caesum esse.
31:13
13. EGRESSI SUNT AUTEM MOYSES ET ELEAZAR, — ad congratulandum victoribus, ex Madian redeuntibus.
31:16
16. QUAE PRAEVARICARI VOS FECERUNT IN DOMINO, SUPER PECCATO PHOGOR. — «Phogor» est Beelphegor, ut dixi cap. xxv, vers. 3.
31:17
17. ERGO CUNCTOS INTERFICITE, QUIDQUID EST GENERIS MASCULINI, ETIAM IN PARVULIS. — Fuit hoc proprium in isto bello, quod parvuli jussu Dei (qui necis vitaeque omnium est dominus) et Moysis sint occisi. Id factum est, primo, ob criminis a Madianitis contra Hebraeos admissi, enormitatem et detestationem; secundo, ne parvuli, cum adolevissent, parentum suorum necem ulciscerentur. Nota: Per judicem et potestatem humanam, non possunt occidi parvuli innocentes, propter peccatum parentum; possunt tamen occidi per jus et potestatem Dei, tum quia ipse transcendens in omnia, ac consequenter in vitam omnium habet dominium; tum quia parvuli, omnesque homines, ob peccatum originale, rei sunt mortis: illam ergo Deus eis, vel cito, vel serius, sive hoc modo, sive alio pro libito inferre potest. Ita Abulensis in capite xxiv Deut., Quaest. V.
17 et 18. ET MULIERES QUAE NOVERUNT VIROS IN COITU, JUGULATE: PUELLAS AUTEM, ET OMNES FEMINAS VIRGINES RESERVATE. — Nota: Madianitides a viris cognitae occidi jubentur, quia per tales decepti fuerant Hebraei fornicando cum illis, rursumque per eas decipi potuissent. Ita Theodorus, Quaest. XLIX. Virgines vero ab hoc crimine fuerant immunes: unde eas reservarunt Hebraei, vel ad hoc, ut eas venderent, vel ut eis quasi ancillis uterentur. Potuerunt autem virgines a corruptis dignosci primo, per inspectionem matronarum, maxime obstetricum; quae inspectio etiam in lege nova est recepta, ut patet cap. Fraternitatis, extrav. De frigidis. Secundo, per revelationem Dei, corruptas Mosi indicantis et designantis. Addit Abulensis tres alios modos, scilicet per gagatem gemmam: nam qui eam bibit, si non sit virgo, cogitur reddere urinam. Secundo, ex inspectione urinae: haec enim in virginibus clara est et lucida, in corruptis turbida. Tertio, per inspectionem horoscopi et constellationum coeli. Sed hic tertius modus, licet eum non improbet Abulensis hoc loco, alibi tamen eumdem refutat; est enim superstitiosus: duo priores modi obscuri sunt et incerti. De gagate tamen idem affirmat Anselmus Boetius medicus et gemmarius Rodulphi II Imperatoris, lib. II De Gemmis, cap. CLXV: «Virginitatem, ait, prodit non solum suffitu, sed potatu. Nam si pulverem bibat virgo, non urinabit: si corrupta sit, urinam retinere non poterit, multorum testimonio.» Idem asserit Camillus Leonardus Pisaurensis medicus, tract. De Lapidibus, in Gagate.
31:19
49. QUI OCCIDERIT HOMINEM, VEL OCCISUM TETIGERIT, LUSTRABITUR DIE TERTIO, ET SEPTIMO: — juxta legem de eo qui tangit cadaver, latam Numer. cap. xix, 14.
31:20
20. Et de omni praeda, sive vestimentum fuerit, sive vas, etc. EXPIABITUR, — scilicet per ignem, si id fieri possit, videlicet si vas aut vestis ignem ferat: sin autem, expiabitur per aquas lustrationis, ex cinere vitulae rufae confectas, de quibus cap. xix, 2 et 12, idque die tertio et septimo, uti explicatur vers. seqq. Nota: Haec supellex Madianitarum debebat expiari, quia legaliter erat immunda, ex contactu mortuorum, juxta legem Num. xix, 14, et Lev. xi, 32, quia scilicet quaedam ex hisce vasis et rebus erant in tabernaculis morientium; multa etiam ex ipsis contigerant ipsos morientes, sicut vestes mortuorum: quod si quid esset in tanta magnitudine praedae, in quod neutrum horum competeret, quod proinde non esset immundum, id tamen, propter dubium, purificari debebat; de omnibus enim praesumebatur, quod essent immunda, ob tot occisorum sparsa ubique cadavera. Ita Abulensis.
31:21
31. «Hoc est praeceptum legis, quod mandavit Dominus Moysi.» — Hoc praeceptum hucusque scriptum non vidimus. Illud ergo hic, vel alias, viva voce Deus Mosi tradidit. Solebat enim Deus Mosi omnia sua jussa edicere et commendare, ut ipse eadem postea ad sacerdotes, et ad populum referret. Ita Abulensis.
31:23
23. ET OMNE QUOD POTEST TRANSIRE PER FLAMMAS, IGNE PURGABITUR. — Hebraea, Chaldaea et Septuaginta addunt, et aqua lustrationis expiabitur, quasi praeter ignem, debuerit hoc vas aspergi et lustrari aqua cinerali vitulae rufae.
31:27
27. DIVIDESQUE EX AEQUO PRAEDAM, INTER EOS QUI PUGNAVERUNT, etc., ET INTER OMNEM RELIQUAM MULTITUDINEM. — Nota: Non Moses, non Phinees dux belli, potiorem praedae partem sibi usurpant, sed ea tota inter milites dividitur: «Decet enim duces gloriam, milites pecuniam e victoria efferre,» ait Cato. Unde Scipio, cum, capta Carthagine, aliisque urbibus, milites magis quam ullus imperator locupletasset, moriens ex tot victoriis et opibus, non nisi triginta tria argenti, duo auri pondo reliquit, ait Plutarchus. Nota secundo, quod ait, «divides ex aequo,» intelligendum esse, non ita ut tantum cedat iis, qui in castris manserunt, et longius a belli alea et periculo abfuerunt, quantum militibus, qui suo periculo et labore victoriam pepererunt: sed ita ut tantum habeant omnes qui in castris manserunt, simul sumpti, quantum habent pauci illi qui depugnarunt, ut scilicet medietas una praedae cedat militibus, qui pugnarunt; altera medietas cedat reliquis, qui in castris manserunt. Quare ex hac medietate, singuli in castris remanentes, utpote qui in maximo erant numero, longe minus habuerunt, quam ex sua medietate habuerint milites, qui pugnarunt: hi enim numero erant longe pauciores, ac proinde longe amplius ex sua praedae medietate, singuli participarunt. Porro, ex utraque medietate, quaedam oblata sunt Domino, id est sacerdotibus et Levitis, ut sequitur. Dices: Lex bellica est ut aequa sit sors eunti ad bellum, et manenti ad sarcinas, ut dicitur I Reg. XXX, 24. Respondeo: Haec lex posterius a Davide sancita est, ut ibidem dicitur. Secundo, haec lex hic non habet locum; intelligitur enim de iis et eo casu, quo utrique aeque belli aleam et periculum subeunt, ut cum v. g. una pars fortior et numerosior vadit ad praelium, altera debilior et minoris (ut solet) numeri, tuetur sarcinas. Tunc enim tam haec, quam illa periculum adit, et hostis insultum exspectare et sustinere debet. Hic vero soli pauci qui ibant ad praelium, subibant periculum. Nam reliqui omnes in castris manentes, cum maximo essent numero, non timebant hostem tam exiguum, ac consequenter nullum adibant periculum. Ita Abulensis.
31:28
28. SEPARABIS PARTEM DOMINO. — Jubet hic Deus, primo, ut milites ex sua medietate praedae, dent sibi, id est, Eleazaro et sacerdotibus, unam animam, id est, unum animal de quingentis, tam ex hominibus, quam ex bobus, asinis et ovibus. Unde ex hac parte, ex praeda hac cesserunt sacerdotibus oves 675, boves 72, asini 61, virgines 32, ut patet vers. 37. Secundo, ut Israelitae, qui in castris manserant, ex sua medietate, unum animal de quinquaginta dent Levitis.
31:29
29. «Dabis eam Eleazaro» — ut scilicet inde partem distribuat Ithamar, et aliis minoribus sacerdotibus. Hi enim non minus quam Levitae praedae participes esse debent; reliquum vero sibi, tanquam pontifici servet. Simile videmus cap. XVIII, vers. 28. PRIMITIAE, — id est oblatio; hebraice enim est theruma.
31:49
49 et 50. «Ne unus quidem defuit» (cecidit in pugna): OB HANC CAUSAM OFFERIMUS IN DONARIIS DOMINI SINGULI, QUOD IN PRAEDA AURI POTUIMUS INVENIRE. — Ecce hic singuli totum aurum, aureaque vasa, quae rapuerant, Deo offerunt. Causa sequitur. 50. UT DEPRECERIS. — Haec secundaria et accessoria erat causa oblationis auri; primaria enim erat, ut ostenderent se esse gratos Deo, qui illis hanc victoriam dederat plane incruentam. Ita quaevis gentes victoriam Deo acceptam tulerunt, ideoque hostium manubias, vel arma diis suis dedicarunt. Aristomenes in ea pugna quam contra Lacones feliciter gessit, partaque victoria cum Delphos venisset, scutum quod in praelio amiserat ibidem reperit, ac rursus eodem in templo dedicavit. Hoc scutum vidisse se scribit Pausanias in Messenicis. Leocritus Atheniensis, cum Piraeeum oppidum cum suis primus oppugnasset, et simul expugnasset, clypeum suum solemni ritu Jovi Liberatori dedicavit, cum inscriptione nominis et praeclari facinoris. Ita Pausanias, libro I. Philistini arma Saulis regis a se interfecti, in aede Astaroth suspenderunt, I Reg. xxxi, 10. Vexilla quae a devictis Cremonensibus Brixiani reportarunt, in cathedrali ipsorum ecclesia in perpetuam rei memoriam suspensa leguntur apud Bergomensem, lib. XII. Angli calcaria aurata Francorum in Cortracensi praelio caesorum, Cortraci in templo suspenderunt. Ita Aemilianus, lib. IX. Phocas Imperator, Tarso et Mopsuestia urbibus Agarenorum captis, Constantinopolim reversus portas earum secum duxit, Deoque quasi suae expeditionis primitias tribuens, S. Sophiae templo dedicavit. Joannes Columna Cardinalis, ab Honorio Pontifice Christiani exercitus et ingentis classis legatus, in Aegypto Heliopolim validissimam urbem expugnavit, et victor ex ancipiti praelio sacratum Romam trophæum detulit, columnam scilicet in qua Christus deligatus et flagris caesus fuit, quam in sanctae Praxedis templo Deo, in spolium pretio omni pretiosius, erexit. Ita P. Jovius in Pompa Columnae. David gladium Goliath, quo ipsummet capite truncavit, Deo dedicavit, eumque in Dei tabernaculo suspendit, I Reg. xxi, 9. Denique, Titus Imperator admiratus munitiones Hierosolymae, vidensque eas a se superatas, dixit: «Plane Deo adjuvante pugnavimus,» ait Josephus, lib. VII Belli, cap. xvi; quin et coronari noluit, dicens Deo victoriae hujus coronam deberi. Audi Philostratum, lib. VI De Vita Apollonii: «Finitimae gentes ob victoriam coronare ipsum voluerunt; ille vero se tali honore indignum esse respondit: non enim se talium operum auctorem, sed Deo contra Judaeos iracundiam demonstranti manus suas praebuisse.»
31:51
51. OMNE AURUM IN DIVERSIS SPECIEBUS, — id est, omne aurum in diversas vasorum species conflatum. Ita Hebraea, Chaldaea, Septuaginta.
31:52
52. «Pondo sedecim millia.» — To pondo non est in Hebraeo: ex quo patet, pondo hic non significare libram, sed pondus, scilicet siclorum, q. d. Ex praeda oblata fuerunt in auro ad pondus sedecim millia siclorum, et 750 sicli, hoc est universim auri librae 697, et 22 sicli. Ita Hebraea.
31:53
53. «Unusquisque enim quod in praeda rapuerat, suum erat.» — Intellige de auro, et similibus quae rapi et tegi poterant; nam alia grandiora, ut homines et pecora, in commune collata sunt, et ex aequo divisa, ut dictum est vers. 25.
31:54
54. INTULERUNT IN TABERNACULUM CORAM DOMINO, — puta coram arca, Cherubim et propitiatorio.
Duodecim Causae Justi Belli apud Lyranum Lyranus hic capite duodecim causas recenset, ob quas juste motum fuisse bellum in Scriptura legimus. Prima est, si bellum geratur contra terram in qua Deus blasphematur per idololatriam, ut habetur Deut. XII, 2: «Subvertite omnia loca in quibus coluerunt Gentes, quas possessuri estis, deos suos.» Secunda, si a Dei cultu recedatur, Deut. XIII, 12: «Si audieris in una urbium tuarum dicentes aliquos,» etc. Tertia, si fidelitas temporalis Domini deseratur, ut patet IV Reg. III, de Joram et Josaphat, qui moverunt bellum contra regem Moab. Quarta, si rebellio moveatur; ita David II Reg. xx persecutus est Sebam filium Bochri. Quinta, si malefactor defendatur, ut patet Judic. xx, de bello moto contra Gabaa. Sexta, si injuria publica principi irrogetur, ut patet II Reg. x, de bello David contra regem Ammon, qui fecit radi barbas nuntiorum David in contemptum ejus. Septima, si propria res repetatur, ut patet II Reg. III, de bello David contra Isboseth, ad repetendum regnum quod ei datum erat a Deo. Octava, ut hostis repellatur, ut patet II Reg. viii, de bello David contra Philistæos. Nona, ut hostis insurgens in suis propriis oppugnetur, ut patet Num. xxi, de bello filiorum Israel contra Sehon et contra Og reges Amorrhaeorum. Decima, contra illum, per quem hostis roboratur, ut patet II Reg. viii, de bello David contra Syriam Damasci, eo quod ferebat auxilium Adarezer. Undecima, ut amicus ab hostibus eripiatur, ut patet Gen. xiv, de bello Abraham contra reges, qui captivaverant Lot nepotem suum. Duodecima, si tyrannis a praesidente exerceatur, ut patet lib. I Machabaeorum, de bello Machabaeorum contra Antiochum illustrem. Hactenus Lyranus.
31:2
I Madianiti (v.) menzionati nella storia di Mosè (Ex. 2, 15 sg., ecc.) nell'esodo dall'Egitto (Num. 25, 14-18; 31, 2), e infine nel racconto della vittoria di Gedeone (Iudc. 6-8), erano Arabi del nord. …
31:6
… Maccabei, fu ispirato da tale esempio per intraprendere la guerra contro Antioco Epifane (1 Mach. 2, 26-54). Nella lotta contro i Madianiti, Mosè mandò mille uomini per tribù e con loro P., « che prese seco gli arredi sacri e le trombe squillanti » (Num. 31, 6). Fu invitato con dieci maggiorenti a dirimere una questione religiosa con le tribù di Ruben, Gad e Manasse orientale, che avevano innalzato un altare nei pressi del Giordano (Ios. …
31:16
… Colui che aveva istigato queste donne a far cadere Israele in disgrazia di Jahweh fu proprio B. (Num. 31, 16); il quale non sembra che avesse abbandonato l'idolatria; difatti non per volere suo aveva benedetto il popolo eletto!
31:17
… La Vergine rivela il suo voto o proposito (v. VERGINITÀ DI M.) di non aver rapporti coniugali con Giuseppe (la «conoscenza dell'uomo» è un notissimo eufemismo biblico: Gen. 19, 8; Num. 31, 17; Judt. 11, 39) e chiede, praticamente, ulteriori spiegazioni sulle circostanze che accompagnano il prodigio al quale essa crede; quelle circostanze che le dovranno suggerire, tra l'altro, …
31:20
… Contiene i trattati: a) Kēlim «recipienti» (i più svariati): impurità levitica di essi (Lev. 6, 20 sg.; 11, 32 sg.; Num. 19, 14 sg.; 31, 20 sg.); i 10 gradi d'impurità che partono dall'uomo e i 10 gradi di sacralità che vanno dalla Terra Santa sino al sancto sanctorum del Tempio (30 capp.). b) 'Chidāth «tende»: il diffondersi …
31:21
… Una volta si dà esplicitamente una legge come promulgata dal sommo sacerdote Eleazar, successo ad Aronne dopo la sua morte, il quale però la presenta come « legge che Jahweh prescrisse a Mosè » (Num. 31, 21-24).
31:30
LEVITI (EBR. LĒWĪ, PLUR. LĒWĪJĪM; GR. LĒWĪJĪ, PLUR. - AI)
di guerra (Num. 31, 30) e con le decime (ibid. 18, 21-24; cf. Lev. 27, 30). In Deut. 12, 19; 14, 27, ecc. si fa esortazione al popolo di non lasciar mancare loro il necessario. …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.