Humanism(UMANESIMO)Vol. XII, p. 460 UMANESIMO. — It is impossible to understand the meaning of the word humanism unless it is historically circumscribed, that is, referred to the values it…
Humanistic Script and Illumination(UMANISTICA, SCRITTURA E MINIATURA)Vol. XII, p. 464 HUMANISM, SCRIPT AND MINIATURE. – The humanist movement, so rich in consequences for every expression of civilization, could not fail to leave its mark also in…
Humanitarianism(UMANITARISMO)Vol. XII, p. 465 UMANITARIANISM. — Humanitarianism is a concept of indefinable content, not to be confused with the sentiment of humanity or with humanism. The former is a…
HumanitasVol. VI, p. 876 HUMANITAS. - A Catholic monthly review, founded in Jan. 1946, with the intention of adhering more closely to living problems and of being more open to the…
Humble Daughters of Mount Calvary (Normal Catholic Institute)(UMILI FIGLIE DEL MONTE CALVARIO (ISTITUTO NORMALE CATTOLICO))Vol. XII, p. 484 UMILI FIGLIE DEL MONTE CALVARIO (ISTITUTO NORMALE CATTOLICO). – Founded in Paris in 1866 by Adelina Edefir. On 6 June 1893 they received from the Holy See the…
Humboldt, FrançoisVol. VI, p. 876 HUMBOLDT, FRANÇOIS. - Theologian and preacher of the Order of Minims, b. at Verdun in 1569, d. at Tours on 29 Oct. 1612. He entered religious life at Lyons at…
Humboldt, Friedrich Heinrich Alexander vonVol. VI, p. 876 HUMBOLDT, FRIEDRICH HEINRICH ALEXANDER von. – Naturalist and geographer, born in Berlin on 14 September 1769, died there on 6 May 1859. The knowledge he…
Humboldt, Wilhelm vonVol. VI, p. 876 HUMBOLDT, WILHELM von. - Statesman and thinker, b. at Potsdam on 22 June 1767, d. at Tegel on 8 Apr. 1835. Having devoted himself to study, he completed his…
Hume, DavidVol. VI, p. 877 HUME, DAVID. – Philosopher, born on 26 April 1711 at Ninewelles (southern Scotland), died at Edinburgh on 25 August 1776. He studied at the University of…
Humiliati(UMILIATI)Vol. XII, p. 483 UMILIATI. – They arose as an evangelical movement of perfect Christian life among the wool workers of the suburbs of the Lombard cities, between 1170 and 1178.…
Humility(UMILTÀ)Vol. XII, p. 484 UMILTÀ. — A moral virtue that restrains the soul, so that it does not tend with immoderate movement toward what is above it (Sum. Theol., 2ᵃ-2ᵃᵉ, q. 161, a.…
Humility (Humilitas), Saint(UMILTÀ (HUMILITAS), SANTA)Vol. XII, p. 486 UMILTÀ (Humilitas), saint. — Abbess who propagated the Vallombrosan order, born at Faenza in 1226 or 1227 and died at Florence on 22 May 1310. Married to…
Hummelauer, Franz(HUMME LAUER, FRANZ)Vol. VI, p. 878 HUMME LAUER, FRANZ. — Jesuit exegete, b. in Vienna (Austria) on 14 Aug. 1842, d. at S'Heerenberg (Holland) on 12 Apr. 1914. On 2 Aug. 1860 he entered the…
Hundred Years' War(GUERRA DEI CENTO ANNI)Vol. VI, p. 740 GUERRA DEI CENTO ANNI. – In 1336 Edward III of England, who had initially recognized the new king of France, Filippo VI of Valois, claimed his crown, basing…
Hung-Hoa, Apostolic Vicariate of(HUNG-HOA, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. VI, p. 879 HUNG-HOA, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE di. - Situated in the inland regions of northern Tonkin, it was erected on 15 Dec. 1895 under the name of Upper Tonkin, being…
Hungary(UNGHERIA)Vol. XII, p. 489 UNGHERIA. – An inland state of Danubian Europe, bordered by Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Union, Romania, Yugoslavia, and Austria. I. GEOGRAPHY. - The present…
Huns(UNNI)Vol. XII, p. 558 UNNI. – The information provided by Western writers concerning this people is poor and uncertain, nor is much better information gathered from the Chinese…
Huntingdon, Selina Hastings, Countess of(HUNTINGDON, SELINA HASTINGS, CONTESSA DI)Vol. VI, p. 879 HUNTINGDON, SELINA HASTINGS, countess of. — Foundress of a Protestant sect, born at Stanton Harold in Leicestershire (England) on 24 August 1707, died in…
Hunyadi, János(HUNYADI, JANOS)Vol. VI, p. 879 HUNYADI, JANOS. - Brilliant strategist and Hungarian hero in the struggles against the Turks, b. at Hunyad Castle in Transylvania c. 1387, d. at Zemun on 11…
Huonder, AntonVol. VI, p. 879 HUONDER, ANTON. - Jesuit, missiologist, b. at Chur (Grisons) on 25 Dec. 1858, d. at Bonn on 23 Aug. 1926. A sought-after preacher of spiritual exercises,…
Hurriti (Hurri)Vol. VI, p. 880 HURRITI (HURRI). - An ancient Middle Eastern people with its own language (and literature), its own religion, and probably also its own art. The term H.…
Hurtado de Mendoza, DiegoVol. VI, p. 880 HURTADO de MENDOZA, DIEGO. - Man of letters and statesman, b. at Granada in 1503, d. at Madrid on 14 Aug. 1575. He studied in Spain and Italy. From 1539 to…
Hurtado, Pedro de MendozaVol. VI, p. 880 HURTADO, PEDRO de MENDOZA. – Theologian and philosopher of the Society of Jesus, born in 1578 at Valmaseda, died on 16 November 1615 at Madrid. He taught…
Hurter, Friedrich vonVol. VI, p. 880 HURTER, FRIEDRICH von. - Historian, b. 19 March 1787 at Schaffhausen (Switzerland), d. 27 Aug. 1865 at Graz (Austria). He studied at Göttingen from 1804 to…
Hurter, Hugo AdalbertVol. VI, p. 881 HURTER, HUGO ADALBERT. - Jesuit, theologian, and historian of theology, b. at Sciaffusa on 11 Jan. 1832, d. at Innsbruck on 10 Dec. 1914. A Protestant, he…
Hus (Heb. Uš)(HUS (EBR. UŠ))Vol. VI, p. 881 HUS (Heb. Uš). – Region (“land of H.”), homeland of Job (Iob 1:1). Since Gen. 36:28 places H. among the descendants of Seir, and Lam. 4:21 connects H. with…
Hus, JanVol. VI, p. 881 HUS, JAN. — Religious agitator, founder of Hussitism and of the Czech national Church, b. ca. 1370 at Husinec in southern Bohemia to humble parents, and…
Husserl, EdmundVol. VI, p. 882 HUSSERL, EDMUND. — Philosopher and psychologist, born at Prossnitz (Moravia) on 8 April 1859, died at Freiburg im Br. on 26 April 1938. He taught as a…
Hussites(USSITI)Vol. XII, p. 585 USSITI: v. BOEMI, FRATELLI; CALISTINI; HUS, JAN.
Hutcheson, FrancisVol. VI, p. 882 HUTCHESON, FRANCIS. – English philosopher, born at Drumalig (Ireland) on 8 August 1694, died at Glasgow in 1747. From 1729 he was professor of moral philosophy…
Hutten, Ulrich vonVol. VI, p. 883 HUTTEN, ULRICH von. – Reformer, born at Stackelberg Castle on 21 April 1488 into a family of ancient Franconian knights, died at Hufnau on 31 August 1523.…
Hutterites(HUTERITI)Vol. VI, p. 883 HUTERITES. - This is one of the 17 Mennonite sects. Its founder was Jacob Huter, a sixteenth-century Anabaptist, burned at Innsbruck in 1536. His followers,…
Huxley, Thomas HenryVol. VI, p. 883 HUXLEY, THOMAS HENRY. - Naturalist and philosopher, b. 4 May 1825 at Ealing, d. 29 June 1895 at Eastbourne. He did not receive a regular education, but at an…
Huygens, GommaireVol. VI, p. 883 HUYGENS, GOMMAIRE. - Theologian, b. at Lierre on 26 Feb. 1631, d. at Lovanio on 27 Oct. 1702. Having graduated in theology at the University of Lovanio, in…
Huysmans, Joris-Karl(HUYSMANS, JORIS KARL)Vol. VI, p. 883 HUYSMANS, JORIS KARL. — Writer, born in Paris on 5 February 1848, died there on 12 May 1907. Descended from a Flemish family in which the art of painting had…
Huánuco, Diocese of(HUÁNUCO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 869 HUÁNUCO, DIOCESE of. — Diocese and capital city of the province of the same name in Peru (South America). The diocese has an area of 60,000 sq. km, with…
Huế, Apostolic Vicariate of(HUÉ, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. VI, p. 870 HUÉ, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of - The territory of the apostolic vicariate of H. is situated on the northern coast of Annam. The first missionary of the region was…
Hvar (Lesina), Diocese of(LESINA (CROATO HVAR), DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 724 LESINA (Croatian Hvar), DIOCESE of. — Diocese of Dalmatia, extending over the territory of three of the largest islands in the Adriatic: L., Brazza (Croatian…
Hyacinth (Brugiotti) of Vetralla(GIACINTO (BRUGIOTTI) DA VETRALLA)Vol. VI, p. 208 GIACINTO (BRUGIOTTI) da VETRALLA. - Capuchin missionary of the Roman province, b. at Vetralla on 23 Jan. 1601; at the age of twenty-four he entered the Order;…
Hyacinth of Casale Monferrato(GIACINTO DA CASALE MONFERRATO)Vol. VI, p. 208 GIACINTO da CASALE MONFERRATO. — Born at Casale to the Natta counts on 21 January 1575; died there on 18 January 1627. He studied the humanities at Pavia, the…
Hyacinth of Troina(GIACINTO DA TROINA)Vol. VI, p. 208 GIACINTO da TROINA: v. CHIAVETTA, GIACINTO.
Hyacinth, Saint(GIACINTO, SANTO)Vol. VI, p. 208 GIACINTO, santo. – Dominican, of a noble Polish family, perhaps the Odrowaz, born at Gross-Stein in Silesia toward the end of the 12th century and died at…
Hyacinth, Saint, Martyr(GIACINTO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. VI, p. 208 GIACINTO, saint, martyr: v. PROTO and GIACINTO, santi, martiri.
Hydatius (Idatius)(IDAZIO (HYDATIUS))Vol. VI, p. 907 IDAZIO (Hydatius). - Bishop of Merida, d. before 392. One of the most zealous opponents of Priscillian and his followers. He brought the accusation against the…
Hyderabad, Diocese of(HYDERABAD, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 884 HYDERABAD, DIOCESE of. — The present diocese of H. is merely a reduction of the former apostolic vicariate of the same name, established on 16 March 1845 and…
Hydroparastates(IDROPARASTATI)Vol. VI, p. 921 IDROPARASTATI. — From the Greek ὅθωρ = water, and παραστατέω (cf. παρλατημα) = I stand beside, and hence: I defend; this is the name found in Theodoret (Haer.…
Hygiene(IGIENE)Vol. VI, p. 926 IGIENE. — Hygiene (ὕγλεια = health) may be defined as the science and practice of health. Its fundamental aim is the prolongation of human life through the…
Hyginus, Pope, Saint(IGINO, PAPA, SANTO)Vol. VI, p. 928 HYGINUS, POPE, saint. — He is commemorated in the Roman Martyrology on January 11 as a martyr, but no ancient source knows or recalls his martyrdom. The exact…
HyksosVol. VI, p. 884 HYKSOS. — By this term (Yakāc) Manetho designates the leaders of Asian tribes who invaded Egypt at the end of the Middle Kingdom, settling in the Delta, where,…
Hylemorphism(ILEMORFISMO)Vol. VI, p. 942 ILEMORFISMO. — From ὅλη (matter) and μορφή (form), it denotes the philosophical theory, due to Plato and Aristotle, which holds that corporeal substance is…
Hylozoism(ILOZOISMO)Vol. VI, p. 949 ILOZOISMO. - From ὕλη, matter, and ζωή, life, it is the theory that recognizes in matter as such a form of life. In the ancients, hylozoism coincides with…
Hymenaeus (Greek Hymenáios)(IMENEO (ἸΗΦΆΝΕΩΣ))Vol. VI, p. 952 IMENEO (Ἰηφάνεως). — Propagator of false doctrines, mentioned by St Paolo in I Tim. 1, 19 ff. and in II Tim. 2, 17 ff. In the first of these passages the error…
Hymnography(INNOGRAFIA)Vol. VII, p. 44 HYMNOGRAPHY. – A hymn is understood as a lyric poem sung in honor of God, the Virgin, or the saints. In the early Church, the foundational religious poetry…
Hypnotics(IPNOTICI)Vol. VII, p. 116 HYPNOTICS. – All those agents that induce or provoke sleep by depressing the excitability of nerve cells or bringing about transitory modifications of cerebral…
Hypnotism(IPNOTISMO)Vol. VII, p. 116 HYPNOTISM. — From ὕπνος = sleep. This is the name given (synonyms: animal magnetism, mesmerism) to a state of suspension of an individual’s consciousness,…
Hypocrisy(IPOCRISIA)Vol. VII, p. 120 HYPOCRISY. — From ὑποκρισία, it etymologically means fiction; in the proper sense, it denotes the simulation of goodness, humility, and holiness in order to…
Hypogeum(IPOGEO)Vol. VII, p. 120 IPOGEO: v. CRIPTA.
Hypomania(IPOMANIA)Vol. VII, p. 120 IPOMANIA: v. PSICOSI AFFETTIVA.
Hypostasis(IPOSTASI)Vol. VII, p. 120 IPOSTASI. — This is the transcription of the Greek word ὑπόστασις, which has the same etymology as the Latin words substantia, subsistentia, suppositum and…
Hypostatic Union(UNIONE IPOSTATICA)Vol. XII, p. 519 HYPOSTATIC UNION. – A dogmatic expression referring exclusively to Jesus Christ considered in his intimate structure as God-Man, a theandric subject, in whom…
Hypothesis(IPOTESI)Vol. VII, p. 122 HYPOTHESIS. – A logical term denoting a proposition placed at the foundation of a line of reasoning in the search for an explanation of a fact, or also a…
Hyrcanus I(IRCANO I)Vol. VII, p. 134 IRCANO I: v. GIOVANNI IRCANO.
Hyrcanus II(IRCANO II)Vol. VII, p. 134 IRCANO II. — High priest and ethnarch of the Jews from 63 to 40 B.C. He was the son of Alexander Jannaeus and Queen Alexandra, who during her reign (76–67)…
Hysteria (Morbus Sacer)(ISTERISMO (MAL CADUCO, MORBUS SACER))Vol. VII, p. 213 HYSTERIA (FALLING SICKNESS, morbus sacer). - Psychoneurosis characterized by particular abnormalities of neuropsychological equilibrium, disposition, and…
Häberlin, Johann Baptist IgnazVol. VI, p. 783 HÄBERLIN, JOHANN BAPTIST IGNAZ. - Priest, b. 27 July 1760 at Horb, d. 15 March 1827 at Karlsruhe. Ordained in 1784, he subsequently became parish priest of the…
Häffelin, Kasimir vonVol. VI, p. 787 HÄFFELIN, KASIMIR von. - Cardinal, b. 3 Jan. 1737 at Minfeld (Palatinate), d. 27 Aug. 1827 in Rome. Court chaplain of the Palatinate in 1767, he moved to…
Hémon, Louis(HEMON, LOUIS)Vol. VI, p. 825 HEMON, LOUIS. - Novelist, b. at Brest on 12 Oct. 1880, d. at Chapleau (Canada) on 18 July 1913. He settled in the forests of Peribonka in Canada, living the…
Hölderlin, FriedrichVol. VI, p. 856 HÖLDERLIN, FRIEDRICH. — German Protestant poet, born at Lauffen on the Neckar on 20 March 1770, died at Tübingen on 7 June 1843. His life was an increasingly…
Höpfl, HildebrandVol. VI, p. 864 HÖPFL, HILDEBRAND. — Benedictine exegete, born at Ledau in Bohemia on 25 November 1872, died in Rome on 14 February 1934. After completing his humanities…
Höss, Marie Kreszentia, Blessed(HÖSS, MARIE KRESZENTIA, BEATA)Vol. VI, p. 867 HÖSS, MARIE KRESZENTIA, blessed. — Born on 20 October 1682 at Kaufbeuren (diocese of Augsburg), died on 5 April 1744. In 1703 she entered the monastery of the…
Høffding, Harald(HÖFFDING, HARALD)Vol. VI, p. 851 HÖFFDING, HARALD. — Philosopher, born in Copenhagen on 11 January 1843, professor at this University from 1883, died there on 2 June 1931. H. was particularly…
Hübner, EmilVol. VI, p. 869 HÜBNER, EMIL. - Philologist and archaeologist, b. in Düsseldorf in 1834, d. in Berlin in 1901. He devoted himself to studies of Latin archaeology and…
Hübner, Joseph Alexander, Count of(HÜBNER, JOSEPH ALEXANDER, CONTE DI)Vol. VI, p. 869 HÜBNER, JOSEPH ALEXANDER, Count. — Austrian diplomat, born on 26 November 1811 in Vienna, died there on 30 July 1892. Having entered the State Chancellery in…
Hübsche, Heinrich(HÜBSCH, HEINRICH)Vol. VI, p. 870 HÜBSCH, HEINRICH. - German architect, b. at Weinheim, in the grand duchy of Baden, 9 Feb. 1795, d. at Karlsruhe, 3 Apr. 1863. After philosophical studies he…
Hügel, Friedrich vonVol. VI, p. 871 HÜGEL, FRIEDRICH von. – Religious writer, born in Florence to an Austrian father and a Scottish mother on 5 May 1852, died in London on 27 January 1925. From…
Hülsen, ChristianVol. VI, p. 874 HÜLSEN, CHRISTIAN. – Protestant archaeologist and epigrapher, b. at Charlottenburg on 29 November 1858, d. at Florence on 19 January 1935. A disciple of Th.…
HāriĝitiVol. VI, p. 806 HĀRIĜITI. - Setta eterodossa musulmana, costituita da un gruppo di seguaci del califfo 'Alī, i quali si staccarono da lui quando egli accettò l'arbitrato con…
Hōro (Horus)Vol. VI, p. 865 HŌRO (HORUS). - Egyptian divinity [Egyptian Hr (w); Greek Ὡρος], originating in the Delta; his original iconographic form was that of a falcon. The cult and…
Hūleh, Lake of(HÜLEH, LAGO DI)Vol. VI, p. 874 HÜLEH, LAGO di: v. MEROM.
