H
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Hugo of Bonneval, Saint (UGO DI BONNEVAUX, SANTO)
Abbot, nephew of St. Hugh, bishop of Grenoble (d. 1132), son of Raymond of Châteauneuf, b. at Châteauneuf d'Isère, near Valence, around 1120, d. abbot of… -
Hugo of Farfa (UGO DI FARFA)
Born of a noble family of the Marsica around 972, died on 25 December 1038, he became abbot of Farfa in December 997. Although he had obtained this dignity… -
Hugo of Newcastle (UGO DI NEWCASTLE)
Franciscan theologian of the 14th century, called de Novo Castro, a locality not clearly identified and placed in England according to some, on the… -
Hugo of Porta Ravegnana (UGO DI PORTA RAVEGNANA)
Jurist, one of the four doctor-disciples of Irnerius. Born in Bologna perhaps in the early years of the 12th century, died between 1166 and 1171. He is… -
Hugo of Saint-Cher (Hugo a Sancto Caro) (UGO DA SAN CARO (HUGO A SANCTO CARO))
Learned exegete and theologian, b. at St-Cher near Vienne in the Dauphiné, d. at Orvieto on 19 March 1263. In 1225 he entered the Dominicans. In Paris he… -
Hugo, Victor-Marie
Poet, novelist and playwright, b. at Besançon on 26 Feb. 1802, d. at Paris on 22 May 1885. From his father Joseph Léopold Sigisbert (1773-1828), a republican… -
Huguenots (UGONOTTI)
This name designates the French Protestants, to whose theology and ecclesiastical constitutions Calvinism above all contributed, so much so that the various… -
Huizinga, Johan
Dutch historian, b. 7 Dec. 1872 at Groningen, d. 1 Feb. 1945 at De Steeg. He first studied comparative philology and Sanskrit, then devoted himself to… -
Hūleh, Lake of (HÜLEH, LAGO DI)
HÜLEH, LAGO di: v. MEROM. -
Hülsen, Christian
Protestant archaeologist and epigrapher, b. at Charlottenburg on 29 Nov. 1858, d. at Florence on 19 Jan. 1935. A disciple of Th. Mommsen, he was one of his… -
Hulst, Maurice d'
Apologist and orator, b. in Paris on 10 Oct. 1841, d. there on 6 Nov. 1896. Of a noble family, connected with the courts of Paris and Brussels, he received a… -
Human Act (ATTO UMANO)
In a broad sense, any activity of man can be called human. In a proper and narrow sense, the term h. a. is reserved to indicate those acts that depend on the… -
Humani Generis
Encyclical of Pius XII, of Aug. 12, 1950, concerning false opinions that threaten to subvert the foundations of Catholic doctrine (AAS, 42 [1950], pp. 561-78).… -
Humanism (UMANESIMO)
It is not possible to reach an understanding about the meaning of the word humanism unless one circumscribes it historically, that is, to the values that it… -
Humanistic Script and Illumination (UMANISTICA, SCRITTURA E MINIATURA)
The humanistic movement, so rich in consequences in all expressions of civilization, could not fail to leave its mark also in the field of writing: but the… -
Humanitarianism (UMANITARISMO)
H. is a concept with an indefinable content, not to be confused with the sentiment of humanity and with humanism. The first is a spontaneous movement of the… -
Humanitas
A Catholic monthly review, founded in January 1946, with the intention of adhering more closely to living problems and of greater openness to the needs of… -
Human Monster (MOSTRO UMANO)
An individual presenting one or more anomalies such as to render it gravely aberrant from normality (v. TERATOLOGY). Human monsters are of interest to moral… -
Human Races (RAZZE UMANE)
I. DEFINITION. - That group of men is called a h. r. which, having in common a particular hereditary patrimony, presents among its members, with individual… -
Human Respect (RISPETTO UMANO)
RISPETTO UMANO: v. FEDE; FORTEZZA; TIMORE. -
Human Rights (DIRITTI DELL'UOMO)
The declaration of human rights, which has exercised great influence on later orientations of social and juridical thought, particularly in Europe, is the one… -
Humbert III of Savoy, Blessed (UMBERTO III DI SAVOIA, BEATO)
Son of Amadeus III, born ca. 1135, died March 4, 1189, buried in the abbey church of Hautecombe. He succeeded his father Amadeus III, who died at Nicosia… -
Humbert of Romans (UMBERTO DI ROMANS)
Fifth Master General of the Dominicans (from 1254 to 1263), b. at Romans near Valence (Dauphiné) ca. 1200, d. in the convent of Valence on 14 July 1277. He… -
Humbert of Silva Candida (UMBERTO DI SILVA CANDIDA)
Having entered around 1015 the Benedictine monastery of Moyenmoutier in the Vosges, he distinguished himself there by a perfect knowledge (Int. Fotoserter… -
Humble Daughters of Mount Calvary (UMILI FIGLIE DEL MONTE CALVARIO (ISTITUTO NORMALE CATTOLICO))
Founded in Paris in 1866 by Adelina Edefir. On June 6, 1893 they received the decree of praise from the Holy See, and on June 21, 1900 the Institute was… -
Humboldt, François
Theologian and preacher of the Order of Minims, b. at Verdun in 1569, d. at Tours on 29 Oct. 1612. He became a religious at Lyon at the age of 24, already a… -
Humboldt, Friedrich Heinrich Alexander von
Naturalist and geographer, b. in Berlin on 14 Sept. 1769, d. there on 6 May 1859. The knowledge acquired through his long travels in Central America and… -
Humboldt, Wilhelm von
Statesman and thinker, b. at Potsdam on 22 June 1767, d. at Tegel on 8 April 1835. Devoting himself to study, he completed it with long journeys through… -
Hume, David
Philosopher, b. 26 Apr. 1711 at Ninewells (southern Scotland), d. at Edinburgh 25 Aug. 1776. He studied at the University of Edinburgh, the ancient capital of… -
Humiliati (UMILIATI)
They arose as an evangelical movement of perfect Christian life among the wool workers of the suburbs of the Lombard cities, between 1170 and 1178. Their… -
Humility (UMILTÀ)
A moral virtue that restrains the soul, so that it does not strive with immoderate impulse toward what is above itself (Sum. Theol., 2ᵃ-2ᵃᵉ, q. 161, a. 1); or… -
Humility (Humilitas), Saint (UMILTÀ (HUMILITAS), SANTA)
Abbess, who spread the order of the Vallombrosans, b. at Faenza in 1226 or 1227 and d. at Florence on 22 May 1310. Married to Ugolotto Caccianemici; after some… -
Hummelauer, Franz (HUMME LAUER, FRANZ)
Jesuit exegete, b. in Vienna (Austria) on 14 Aug. 1842, d. at 's-Heerenberg (Holland) on 12 Apr. 1914. On 2 Aug. 1860 he entered the Society of Jesus; he… -
Humour (Sentimental Tone, Mood) (UMORE (*TONO SENTIMENTALE, STATO D'ANIMO*))
A particular equilibrium of the sphere of the deepest feelings (v.) and of the affective state of consciousness (thymopsyché) capable of imparting to the… -
Hundred Years' War (GUERRA DEI CENTO ANNI)
In 1336 Edward III of England, who had at first recognized the new king of France, Philip VI of Valois, laid claim to his crown, basing his claim on the fact… -
Huneric (UNNERICO)
King of the Vandals of Africa, son of Genseric (v.), husband of Eudoxia, daughter of Valentinian III. In the last years of his reign Genseric had sought to… -
Hungary (UNGHERIA)
An inland state of Danubian Europe, enclosed between Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Union, Romania, Yugoslavia and Austria. I. GEOGRAPHY. - The present territory… -
Hung-Hoa, Apostolic Vicariate of (HUNG-HOA, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)
Located in the interior regions of northern Tonkin, it was erected on 15 Dec. 1895 under the name of Upper Tonkin, being detached from the apostolic vicariate… -
Hungtung [Hongtong], Diocese of (HUNGTUNG, DIOCESI DI)
In the civil and ecclesiastical province of Shansi, in northern China. It was erected as an apostolic prefecture on June 17, 1932, with territory detached from… -
Huns (UNNI)
The reports of Western writers about this people are scanty and uncertain, nor is much better to be gathered from the Chinese sources, which had knowledge of… -
Huntingdon, Selina Hastings, Countess of (HUNTINGDON, SELINA HASTINGS, CONTESSA DI)
Foundress of a Protestant sect, b. at Stanton Harold in Leicestershire (England) on 24 Aug. 1707, d. in London on 17 June 1791. Married in 1728 to Theophilus… -
Hunyadi, János (HUNYADI, JANOS)
A brilliant strategist and Hungarian hero in the struggles against the Turks, b. at Hunyad Castle in Transylvania ca. 1387, d. at Zemun on 11 Aug. 1456. Of… -
Huonder, Anton
Jesuit, missiologist, b. at Chur (Grisons) on 25 Dec. 1858, d. at Bonn on 23 Aug. 1926. A sought-after preacher of the spiritual exercises, especially to… -
Hurrians (Hurri) (HURRITI (HURRI))
A people of the ancient Middle East with its own language (and literature), its own religion and probably also its own art. The term H. therefore expresses a… -
Hurtado de Mendoza, Diego
Scholar and politician, b. in Granada in 1503, d. in Madrid on 14 Aug. 1575. He studied in Spain and in Italy. From 1539 to 1547 he was ambassador of Spain in… -
Hurtado, Pedro de Mendoza
Theologian and philosopher of the Society of Jesus, b. in 1578 at Valmaseda, d. on 16 Nov. 1615 at Madrid. He taught philosophy and theology at Salamanca. He… -
Hurter, Friedrich von
Historian, b. 19 March 1787 at Schaffhausen (Switzerland), d. 27 Aug. 1865 at Graz (Austria). He studied at Göttingen from 1804 to 1806. A Protestant pastor at… -
Hurter, Hugo Adalbert
Jesuit, theologian and historian of theology, b. at Schaffhausen on 11 Jan. 1832, d. at Innsbruck on 10 Dec. 1914. A Protestant, he followed his father… -
Hus (HUS)
A region ("land of H."), the homeland of Job (Job 1:1). Since Gen. 36:28 places H. among the descendants of Seir, and Lam. 4:21 connects H. with Edom, the… -
Hus, Jan
Religious agitator, founder of Hussitism and of the Czech national Church, b. ca. 1370 at Husinec in southern Bohemia to humble parents and executed at… -
Husserl, Edmund
Philosopher and psychologist, b. at Prossnitz (Moravia), 8 April 1859, d. at Freiburg im Breisgau, 26 April 1938. He taught as a Privatdozent at Halle (1887)… -
Hussites (USSITI)
USSITI: v. BOEMI, FRATELLI; CALISTINI; HUS, JAN. -
Hutcheson, Francis
English philosopher, b. at Drumalig (Ireland) on 8 Aug. 1694, d. at Glasgow in 1747. From 1729 he was professor of moral philosophy at the University of… -
Hutten, Ulrich von
Reformer, b. in the castle of Stackelberg on 21 April 1488 into a family of ancient Franconian knights, d. at Hufnau on 31 Aug. 1523. Destined by his father… -
Hutterites (HUTERITI)
It is one of the 17 Mennonite sects. Its founder was Jacob Huter, a 16th-century Anabaptist, burned at Innsbruck in 1536. His followers, although persecuted… -
Huxley, Thomas Henry
Naturalist and philosopher, b. 4 May 1825 at Ealing, d. 29 June 1895 at Eastbourne. He did not have a regular education but early on read a great deal of… -
Huygens, Gommaire
Theologian, b. at Lierre on 26 Feb. 1631, d. at Louvain on 27 Oct. 1702. Having obtained his doctorate in theology at the University of Louvain, in 1668 he was… -
Huysmans, Joris-Karl (HUYSMANS, JORIS KARL)
Writer, b. in Paris on 5 Feb. 1848, d. there on 12 May 1907. A descendant of a Flemish family, in which the art of painting was traditionally loved and… -
Hvar
HVAR: v. LESINA. -
Hvar (Lesina), Diocese of (LESINA (CROATO HVAR), DIOCESI DI)
A diocese of Dalmatia, which extends over the territory of three of the largest islands of the Adriatic: L., Brazza (Croatian Brač), Lissa (Croatian Vis). It… -
Hy
HY: v. IONA. -
Hyacinth (Brugiotti) of Vetralla (GIACINTO (BRUGIOTTI) DA VETRALLA)
Capuchin missionary of the Roman province, b. at Vetralla on 23 Jan. 1601; at the age of 24 he entered the Order; preacher, provincial definitor, prefect of… -
Hyacinth of Casale Monferrato (GIACINTO DA CASALE MONFERRATO)
Born at Casale to the counts Natta on 21 January 1575, died there on 18 January 1627. He studied letters at Pavia, sciences at Salamanca, and law at Bologna… -
Hyacinth of Troina (GIACINTO DA TROINA)
GIACINTO da TROINA: v. CHIAVETTA, GIACINTO. -
Hyacinth, Saint (GIACINTO, SANTO)
Dominican, of a noble Polish family, perhaps the Odrowaz, b. at Gross-Stein in Silesia toward the end of the 12th century, d. at Kraków on 15 August 1257.… -
Hyacinth, Saint, Martyr (GIACINTO, SANTO, MARTIRE)
GIACINTO, santo, martire: v. PROTO and HYACINTH, saints, martyrs. -
Hydatius (Idatius) (IDAZIO (HYDATIUS))
Bishop of Merida, d. before 392. One of the most zealous opponents of Priscillian and his followers. He brought the accusation against the heretic before Pope… -
Hyderabad, Diocese of (HYDERABAD, DIOCESI DI)
The present diocese of H. is merely a reduction of the ancient apostolic vicariate of the same name, established on 16 March 1845 and definitively erected on… -
Hydroparastates (IDROPARASTATI)
From the Greek ὅθωρ = water, and παραστατέω (cf. παρλατημα) = I stand beside, and therefore: I defend, is the name that occurs in Theodoret (Haer. fab., 1, 20)… -
Hygiene (IGIENE)
Hygiene (ὕγλεια = health) may be defined as the science and practice of health. Its fundamental purpose is the prolongation of human life, through the physical… -
Hyginus, Pope, Saint (IGINO, PAPA, SANTO)
He is commemorated in the Roman Martyrology on January 11 as a martyr, but no ancient source knows of or recalls his martyrdom. The exact time of his… -
Hyksos
With this term (Yakāc) Manetho designates the chieftains of Asiatic tribes who invaded Egypt at the end of the Middle Kingdom, settling in the Delta where… -
Hylemorphism (ILEMORFISMO)
From ὅλη (matter) and μορφή (form), it indicates the philosophical theory, due to Plato and Aristotle, which holds that corporeal substance is composed of an… -
Hylozoism (ILOZOISMO)
From ὕλη, matter, and ζωή, life, it is the theory that recognizes in matter as such a form of life. In the ancients, hylozoism coincides with panpsychism (πάν… -
Hymeneus (IMENEO (ἸΗΦΆΝΕΩΣ))
Propagator of false doctrines, mentioned by St. Paul in 1 Tim. 1:19-20 and in 2 Tim. 2:17-18. In the first of these passages the error is denounced in a rather… -
Hymnography (INNOGRAFIA)
By hymn is meant a lyric poem sung in honor of God, the Virgin or the saints. In the early Church the fundamental religious poetry consisted of the Psalms and… -
Hyperdulia (IPERDULIA)
IPERDULIA : v. CULTO. -
Hypnotics (IPNOTICI)
All those agents that induce or provoke sleep by depressing the excitability of nerve cells or by bringing about transient changes in the cerebral blood… -
Hypnotism (IPNOTISMO)
From ὕπνος = sleep. This name (synonyms: animal magnetism, mesmerism) designates a state of suspension of the individual's consciousness, bound to a kind of… -
Hypocrisy (IPOCRISIA)
From ὑποκρισία, it means etymologically fiction: in the real sense it indicates the simulation of goodness, humility, holiness in order to hide one's own… -
Hypogeum (IPOGEO)
IPOGEO: v. CRIPTA. -
Hypomania (IPOMANIA)
IPOMANIA: v. PSICOSI AFFETTIVA. -
Hypostasis (IPOSTASI)
It is the transcription of the Greek word ὑπόστασις, which has the same etymology as the Latin words substantia, subsistentia, suppositum, and literally means… -
Hypostatic Union (UNIONE IPOSTATICA)
Dogmatic expression that refers exclusively to Jesus Christ considered in his intimate structure as God-Man, a theandric subject, in whom the divine nature and… -
Hypothesis (IPOTESI)
A logical term indicating a proposition laid down as the foundation of a reasoning in the search for the explanation of a fact, or also as a doubtful but… -
Hypsistarians (IPSISTARIANI (HYPSISTARIANI))
A sect of the 4th century widespread in Cappadocia, but whose existence as late as the 9th century is recalled by Nicephorus, patriarch of Constantinople… -
Hyrcanus I (IRCANO I)
IRCANO I: v. GIOVANNI IRCANO. -
Hyrcanus II (IRCANO II)
High priest and ethnarch-king of the Jews from 63 to 40 B.C. He was the son of Alexander Jannaeus and Queen Alexandra, who during her reign (76-67) appointed… -
Hysteria (Morbus Sacer) (ISTERISMO (MAL CADUCO, MORBUS SACER))
A psychoneurosis characterized by particular anomalies of the neuro-psychological equilibrium, of temperament, and of character, which, variously combining and… -
Høffding, Harald (HÖFFDING, HARALD)
Philosopher, b. in Copenhagen on 11 Jan. 1843, professor at that University from 1883, d. there on 2 June 1931. H. was particularly influenced by Kierkegaard…