Hilary of Rome(ILARIO DI ROMA)Vol. VI, p. 938 ILARIO di ROMA. – Deacon, adherent of Lucifero di Cagliari. According to St. Jerome (Altercatia Luciferiani, 27), he published «libellos de haereticis…
Hilary of Sexten(ILARIO DI SEXTEN)Vol. VI, p. 938 ILARIO di SEXTEN. — Capuchin, in the world H. Gatterer, and moral theologian, born at Sexten on 15 December 1839, died at Merano on 20 October 1899. He entered…
Hilda (Hild), Saint(ILDA (HILD), SANTA)Vol. VI, p. 939 ILDA (HILD), saint. — Born in Northumbria (England) in 614; died in the monastery of Streaneshalch, where she was abbess, on 17 Nov. 680. Daughter of the…
Hildebert of Lavardin (of Le Mans, of Tours, Hildebertus Cenomanensis)(ILDEBERTO DI LAVARDIN (DI LE MANS, DI TOURS, HILDEBERTUS CENOMANENSIS))Vol. VI, p. 940 ILDEBERTO of LAVARDIN (of LE MANS, of TOURS, Hildebertus Cenomanensis). - Bishop and theologian, b. in 1056 at Lavardin (diocese of Le Mans), d. at Tours on 18…
HildebrandsliedVol. VI, p. 842 HILDEBRANDSLIED. - “Song of Hildebrand”: fragment of an eighth-century German heroic poem, consisting of 68 alliterative lines (Stabreim). It is the oldest…
Hildebrandt, Johann Lucas vonVol. VI, p. 842 HILDEBRANDT, JOHANN LUCAS von. — Architect, born in Genoa on 14 November 1668, died in Vienna on 16 November 1745. His father, a German, was a soldier in the…
Hildegard Of Bingen, Saint(ILDEGARDA DI BINGEN, SANTA)Vol. VI, p. 941 ILDEGARDA di BINGEN, saint. — Mystic, called, because of her importance, the “prophetess of Germany,” born of the noble Vermersheim family at Bermersheim…
Hildegund Of Schönau(ILDEGONDA DI SCHÖNAU)Vol. VI, p. 941 ILDEGONDA of Schönau. — Born at Neuss, died at Schönau on 20 April 1188. She made a pilgrimage to Palestine with her father, dressed in men’s clothing and…
Hildesheim, Diocese of(HILDESHEIM, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 842 HILDESHEIM, DIOCESE of. — The city of H., situated at the northwestern extremity of the Harzgebirge and at the beginning of the North German plain, has 24,000…
Hille, PeterVol. VI, p. 843 HILLE, PETER. - Poet, b. in Westphalia, near Höxter, 11 Sept. 1854, d. 7 May 1904 at Berlin-Lichterfelde. One of the most eminent and original German poetic…
HillelVol. VI, p. 843 HILLEL. — A Tannaita (v.), called the “Babylonian” because he was descended from a family of exiles, renowned for his learning and his profoundly humane…
Hilton, WalterVol. VI, p. 843 HILTON, WALTER. – English mystic, Augustinian canon of Thurgarton, in Nottinghamshire, d. 24 March 1396. His fame is associated with his treatise or guide to…
Himjariti, Martyrs(HIMJARITI, MARTIRI)Vol. VI, p. 844 HIMJARITI, MARTIRI: v. ARETA.
Hinduism(INDUISMO)Vol. VI, p. 1096 INDUISMO. — This is the common designation for those religions of medieval and modern India that arose from the fusion of popular, Aryan and non-Aryan beliefs…
Hinganfu, Apostolic Prefecture of(HINGANFU, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. VI, p. 844 HINGANFU, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. — Situated in the southern part of the civil province of Shensi, in northern China, it was erected as an apostolic…
Hinschius, PaulVol. VI, p. 844 HINSCHIUS, PAUL. — German canonist, born in Berlin on 25 December 1835, died there on 13 December 1898. A student at the Universities of Heidelberg and Berlin,…
Hippo(IPPONA)Vol. VII, p. 128 IPPONA. — City near the Mediterranean coast, in Numidia (North Africa), today situated 2 km southwest of present-day Bona in Algeria. It was a Phoenician…
Hippocrates(IPPOCRATE)Vol. VII, p. 123 IPPOCRATES. — Greek physician, born on Cos around 460 B.C., died a centenarian at Larissa. He studied under the guidance of his father Heracleides, of…
Hippolytus d'Este, Cardinal(IPPOLITO D'ESTE, CARDINALE)Vol. VII, p. 128 IPPOLITO D'ESTE, cardinale: v. ESTE, FAMIGLIA.
Hippolytus of Porto, Saint, Martyr(IPPOLITO DI PORTO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. VII, p. 124 IPPOLITO di PORTO, saint, martyr. - He is commemorated in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum on 22 Aug. as a martyr of Porto and identified with Nonno, remembered…
Hippolytus of Rome, Saint, Martyr(IPPOLITO DI ROMA, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. VII, p. 124 HIPPOLYTUS OF ROME, Saint, Martyr. — Illustrious writer of the Roman Church in the 3rd century and the first antipope, of whom only a few and fragmentary…
HiramVol. VI, p. 844 HIRAM. — Name of kings and other persons of Tyre who were connected with Israel. 1. King of Tyre (Heb. Hirām; Hirām in I Reg. 5:24; Hirām in I Par. 14:1 qērē),…
Hiroshima, Apostolic Vicariate of(HIROSHIMA, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. VI, p. 845 HIROSHIMA, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE. — In Japan, on the island of Hon-Shū. It was erected by an apostolic brief of 2 May 1923 and entrusted to the fathers of the…
Hirscher, Johann BaptistVol. VI, p. 845 HIRSCHER, JOHANN BAPTIST. — Theologian, born at Altergarten (Ravensburg) on 20 January 1788, died at Freiburg in Br. on 4 September 1865. He studied theology…
Hispano-American Literature(ISPANO-AMERICANA, LETTERATURA)Vol. VII, p. 199 HISPANO-AMERICAN, LITERATURE. – It comprises the literary production of the various American nations of Spanish language and developed in three phases: the…
Historia Augusta (Scriptores Historiae Augustae)(STORIA AUGUSTA (SCRIPTORES HISTORIAE AUGUSTAE))Vol. XI, p. 841 STORIA AUGUSTA (Scriptores Historiae Augustae). — This is a collection of variously manipulated biographies of the emperors and Caesars from Adriano to…
Historical Archive of the Society of Jesus(ARCHIVUM HISTORICUM SOCIETATIS IESU)Vol. I, p. 1088 ARCHIVUM HISTORICUM SOCIETATIS IESU. – A biannual periodical published in Rome by the College of Historians of the Society of Jesus (Collegium scriptorum de…
Historical Franciscan Archive(ARCHIVUM FRANCISCANUM HISTORICUM)Vol. I, p. 1088 ARCHIVUM FRANCISCANUM HISTORICUM. - Quarterly periodical for Franciscan history, begun in 1908 by the College of S. Bonaventura at Quaracchi near Florence…
Historical Journal of Italian Literature(GIORNALE STORICO DELLA LETTERATURA ITALIANA)Vol. VI, p. 292 GIORNALE STORICO DELLA LETTERATURA ITALIANA. — Founded in Turin in 1883 by A. Graf, R. Renier, and F. Novati, who directed it for several years; published by…
Historical Materialism(MATERIALISMO STORICO)Vol. VIII, p. 247 HISTORICAL MATERIALISM. – The term historical materialism (m. s.) is commonly used to designate the materialist conception of history, founded by C. Marx and…
Historical Note(CENNO STORICO)Vol. III, p. 903 HISTORICAL OUTLINE. — c. has been known since antiquity, and it may be said to have been cultivated at all times and among all the most important ethnic…
Historical Review(RIVISTA STORICO)Vol. X, p. 604 RIVISTA STORICO - CRITICA DELLE SCIENZE TEOLOGICHE. - A monthly periodical, founded in 1905 by Fr. G. Bonaccorsi (v.) and subsequently directed by E. Buonaiuti…
Historical Societies and Deputations(SOCIETÀ E DEPUTAZIONI DI STORIA PATRIA)Vol. XI, p. 520 SOCIETÀ E DEPUTAZIONI DI STORIA PATRIA. — Cultural institutions whose principal purpose is the investigation and publication of historical sources relating to…
Historiography(STORIOGRAFIA)Vol. XI, p. 842 STORIOGRAFIA. – Exposition of the complex of human events in their concrete configuration within space-time coordinates. I. GREECE and ROME. – In 6th-century…
Historisches JahrbuchVol. VI, p. 845 HISTORISCHES JAHRBUCH. - A periodical of historical culture, published in Münster by the historical section of the Görresgesellschaft since 1880, under the…
History(STORIA)Vol. XI, p. 491 STORIA. - The Sloveni (Sclaueni, Stlauene of ancient texts), as the westernmost fraction of those (from K. Hielscher, Jugoslavien, Berlino BR, pl. II) SLOVENIA…
History, Philosophy Of(STORIA, FILOSOFIA DELLA)Vol. XI, p. 837 HISTORY, PHILOSOPHY OF. — It is the understanding of the course of human events in the overall development of civilization. OUTLINE: I. General conception. —…
Histriones(ISTRIONI)Vol. VII, p. 230 HISTRIONES. — From the Latin histrio -onis (also minus), that is, comedian or mime, the actor in the Roman theater was so designated. Their original homeland…
Hitler, AdolfVol. VI, p. 845 HITLER, ADOLF. – German politician, b. 20 Apr. 1889 at Braunau, on the borders of Austria and Germany, d. 30 Apr. 1945 in Berlin. He went to Vienna to study…
Hittites(HITTITI)Vol. VI, p. 846 HITTITI. – A people now well known after the texts from el-‘Amarnah and Boghazkój, often mentioned in the Bible (Hebr. Hēth, plur. Hittim; also bēnē Hēth;…
Hittorp, MelchiorVol. VI, p. 848 HITTORP, MELCHIOR. - Liturgist, canon of S. Maria ad Gradus and, from 1583, dean of the collegiate church of S. Cuniberto; born at Colonia c. 1525, died there…
Hitze, FranzVol. VI, p. 848 HITZE, FRANZ. - German Catholic politician and sociologist. Born 16 March 1851 at Hänemicke (Westphalia), he was ordained a priest in 1878. In 1880 he was…
Hlinka, AndrejVol. VI, p. 848 HLINKA, ANDREJ. – Apostolic protonotary and Slovak politician, born on 27 Sept. 1864 in Černová, died on 16 Aug. 1938 in Ružomberok (Slovakia). Ordained a…
Hoarding(INCETTA)Vol. VI, p. 1018 INCETTA. – It is the taking over, entirely or in substantial quantity, of goods available on a given market, in order subsequently to resell them on…
Hobart, Archdiocese of(HOBART, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 849 HOBART, ARCHDIOCESE of. – It comprises the entire island of Tasmania with the small adjacent islands. Discovered in 1642, it was annexed to England in 1777 and…
Hobbes, ThomasVol. VI, p. 849 HOBBES, THOMAS. — Philosopher, born at Malmesbury on 5 April 1588, died at Hardwicke on 4 December 1679. He studied at Oxford; then, while still young, began…
Hoberg, GottfriedVol. VI, p. 850 HOBERG, GOTTFRIED. — German Catholic exegete, a leading figure during the period of modernism, born at Heringhausen (Westphalia) on 19 November 1857, died at…
Hobhebhè Şijjōn («Friends of Zion»)(HOBHEBHÈ ŞIJJÖN («AMICI DI SION»))Vol. VI, p. 851 HOBHEBHÈ ŞIJJÖN (“friends of Zion”). — Followers of the Jewish pro-Palestinian movement that preceded the political Zionism of Teodoro Herzl by two decades.…
Hocedez, EdgardVol. VI, p. 851 HOCEDEZ, EDGARD. — Jesuit theologian, born in Ghent on 1 July 1877, died at Fayt-lez-Manage (Belgium) on 5 September 1948. He entered religious life at…
Hoffmann, MelchiorVol. VI, p. 852 HOFFMANN, MELCHIOR. - An Anabaptist, b. at Schäwbach-Hall about 1500, d. at Strasburgo in 1543. A humble furrier, H. was so deeply affected by Lutheran…
Hoffmeister, JohannVol. VI, p. 852 HOFFMEISTER, JOHANN. — Augustinian preacher and controversialist, b. ca. 1509 and d. 21 Aug. 1547. He embraced religious life early, studied at Mainz and…
Hofmannsthal, Hugo von(HOFFMANNSTHAL, HUGO VON)Vol. VI, p. 852 HOFFMANNSTHAL, HUGO VON. – Austrian writer, born in Vienna on 1 February 1874, died at Rodaun (near Vienna) on 15 July 1929. Together with George and Rilke, he…
Hohenems, Jakob HannibalVol. VI, p. 852 HOHENEMS, JAKOB HANNIBAL. – Military commander, born on 13 May 1530 in Hohenems, died there on 26 December 1587. He received his baptism of fire in 1547, the…
Hohenems, Marco(HOHENENEMS, MARCO)Vol. VI, p. 852 HOHENENEMS, MARCO: v. ALTEMPS (HOHENEMENS), MARCUS SITTICH d'.
Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Family of(HOHENLOHE-SCHILLINGSFÜRST, FAMIGLIA)Vol. VI, p. 852 HOHENLOHE-SCHILLINGSFÜRST, FAMILY. – Of this noble family, the principal representatives in the 19th century are the two brothers Chlodwig and Gustav Adolf.…
Hohenstaufen, Dynasty of the(HOHENSTAUFER, DINASTIA DEGLI)Vol. VI, p. 853 HOHENSTAUFER, DYNASTY of. — It took its name from Hohenstaufen, a height in the Swabian Jura near Göppingen, on which FEDERICO, count of Büren, had a castle…
Hohenzollern, Dynasty of the(HOHENZOLLERN, DINASTIA DEGLI)Vol. VI, p. 853 HOHENZOLLERN, DYNASTY of. — The cradle of the dynasty that rose to become a great power in Prussia is located in the Swabian Jura: on a ridge at 800 m. stand…
Hoio, Gerardo DeVol. VI, p. 855 HOIO, GERARDO de: v. GERARDO de HOIO.
Hojeda, Diego DeVol. VI, p. 855 HOJEDA, DIEGO de. - Spanish Dominican and poet, b. at Seville in 1570, d. at Huánuco (Peru) on 24 Oct. 1615. Having moved to America, he devoted himself to…
Holbach, Paul Heinrich Dietrich, Baron of(HOLBACH, PAUL HEINRICH DIETRICH, BARONE DI)Vol. VI, p. 855 HOLBACH, PAUL HEINRICH DIETRICH, baron of. — Philosopher, born at Heidelsheim (Palatinate) in 1723, died in Paris, where he had settled from a young age, on 21…
Holbein, Hans the Elder(HOLBEIN, HANS, IL VECCHIO)Vol. VI, p. 856 HOLBEIN, HANS, the ELDER. - German painter and engraver, born probably between 1460 and 1470 in Augsburg, died in 1524 at Isenheim. Little is known of his…
Holbein, Hans the Younger(HOLBEIN, HANS, IL GIOVANE)Vol. VI, p. 855 HOLBEIN, HANS, the YOUNGER. – German painter and engraver, b. in Augsburg in the winter of 1497–1498 and d. between 7 October and 29 November 1543 in London. A…
Holda (Hebrew Huldāh)(HOLDA (EBR. HULDÅH))Vol. VI, p. 856 HOLDA (Hebr. Huldåh). — Jewish prophetess. She was the wife of Sellum, the king’s wardrobe keeper, and lived in the new quarter northwest of Jerusalem (II Reg.…
Holiness(SANTITÀ)Vol. X, p. 1106 HOLINESS. – Separation from the profane, considered in God or in creatures. As an attribute of God, it is the divine essence itself insofar as it is…
Holiness Of Christ And Of Mary(SANTITÀ DI CRISTO E DI MARIA)Vol. X, p. 1109 SANCTITY OF CHRIST AND OF MARIA. — I. HISTORICAL OUTLINE. — 1. The sanctity of Christ. — The New Testament formally applies to Jesus the adjective “holy”…
Holiness Of The Church(SANTITÀ DELLA CHIESA)Vol. X, p. 1107 HOLINESS OF THE CHURCH. — One of the properties of the Church, from which all the others in a certain sense proceed. The h. of the C. is a truth of faith,…
Holkot, RobertoVol. VI, p. 857 HOLKOT, ROBERTO. – Dominican philosopher and theologian, probably born in Northampton at an unknown date, died in 1349. He taught as doctor theologiae at…
Hollandia, Prefecture Apostolic Of(HOLLANDIA, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. VI, p. 857 HOLLANDIA, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE. - Situated in Dutch New Guinea or Irian. It was erected on 12 May 1949, with territory detached from the apostolic vicariate…
Hollweck, JosephVol. VI, p. 857 HOLLWECK, JOSEPH. — Canonist, born in Pfaffenhofen (Upper Palatinate) on 16 January 1854, died in Eichstätt on 10 March 1926. Ordained a priest in 1879, from…
Holly, JánVol. VI, p. 857 HOLLY, JÁN. - Slovak priest and poet, b. 24 March 1785 in Borský Sv. Mikuláš, d. 14 Apr. 1849 in Dobrá Voda. H. is the first Slovak national poet, in the…
Holste (Holstenius), Lukas(HOLSTE (HOLSTENIO), LUKAS)Vol. VI, p. 857 HOLSTE (HOLSTENIO), LUKAS. - Geographer and scholar, b. at Amburgo on 27 Sept. 1596, d. at Roma on 2 Feb. 1661. He studied at Leida under Giovanni Meursio; he…
HolsteinVol. VI, p. 857 HOLSTEIN: v. SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN.
Holweck, Friedrich GeorgVol. VI, p. 857 HOLWECK, FRIEDRICH GEORG. – Prelate, hagiographer, and liturgist, born at Weisloch in Baden on 29 Dec. 1856, died at St. Louis on 15 Feb. 1927. He went to the…
Holy Alliance(ALLEANZA, SANTA)Vol. I, p. 547 ALLEANZA, SANTA : v. SANTA ALLEANZA. ALLEANZA UNIVERSALE delle UNIONI CRISTIANE DEI GIOVANI E DELLE GIOVANI : v. Y.M.C.A. e Y.W.C.A.
Holy Alliance(SANTA ALLEANZA)Vol. X, p. 1078 SANTA ALLEANZA. – In Sept. 1815 the tsar Alexander I of Russia, whose mystical temperament is well known, personally drafted—although influenced by Baroness…
Holy Door(PORTA SANTA)Vol. IX, p. 1066 PORTA SANTA. — A walled-up door found in Rome, in the patriarchal basilicas of S. Pietro in Vaticano, S. Giovanni in Laterano, S. Paolo fuori le mura, and S.…
Holy Face(VOLTO SANTO)Vol. XII, p. 1011 VOLTO SANTO: v. ACHEROPITA; LUCCA; VERONICA; WILGEFORTIS.
Holy Family(SACRA FAMIGLIA)Vol. X, p. 920 SACRA FAMIGLIA. - I. LITURGY. - The liturgical cult of the Holy Family is recent. Its first manifestations are found only in the seventeenth century, in Italy,…
Holy Hour(ORA SANTA)Vol. IX, p. 133 HOLY HOUR. - A pious practice of reparation (v.) to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, originating in the revelations of Paray-le-Monial, when Jesus asked St.…
Holy Of Holies(SANTO DEI SANTI)Vol. X, p. 1111 SANTO DEI SANTI: V. TEMPLO DI GERUSALEMME.
Holy Oil(OLIO SACRO)Vol. IX, p. 89 SACRED OIL. – The term, also in canon law (can. 1271), applies to products of vegetable or animal origin, or adulterated products, resembling oil; but in its…
Holy Places(LUOGHI SANTI)Vol. VII, p. 1014 HOLY PLACES. — I. NOTION. — An antonomastic designation, in Christian language, of the places sanctified by the presence of Jesus in Palestine. At the sites…
Holy Roman Empire(SACRO ROMANO IMPERO)Vol. X, p. 952 SACRO ROMANO IMPERO. — I. CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE. — It was founded by Charlemagne, king of the Franks and Lombards and patrician of Rome, when he assumed the…
Holy See(SANTA SEDE)Vol. X, p. 1088 HOLY SEE. - The Catholic Church is a societas iuridice perfecta, that is, a primary juridical order, and as such, it naturally possesses the character of…
Holy Sepulchre, The(SEPOLCRO, SANTO)Vol. XI, p. 229 SEPOLCRO, SANTO. – The most venerated of the Holy Places (v.), a pilgrimage destination which Christians, not without a struggle, obtained permission to visit…
Holy Spirit(SPIRITO SANTO)Vol. XI, p. 686 HOLY SPIRIT. – Name of the third Person of the Most Holy Trinity. Catholic doctrine concerning the H. S. is summarized in Leo XIII’s encyclical Divinum illud…
Holy Spirit, Diocese of(SPIRITO SANTO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 690 SPIRITO SANTO, DIOCESI of. — Suffragan of S. Sebastiano of Rio de Janeiro, in the State of S. S. in Brazil. It has an area of 45,000 sq km and a population of…
Holy Trinity(TRINITÀ, SANTISSIMA)Vol. XII, p. 345 TRINITÀ, Santissima. - The Trinitarian mystery, the revelation to humanity of the intimate constitution of God, is expressed in the following terms: "God is…
Holy Water Stoup(ACQUASANTIERA)Vol. I, p. 168 ACQUASANTIERA. — This is the vessel intended to contain holy water. When placed near the entrance doors of churches, it generally takes the form of a basin or…
Holy Week (Major Hebdomada, Hebdomada Sancta, Hebdomada Authentica)(SETTIMANA SANTA (MAJOR HEBDOMADA, HEBDOMADA SANCTA, HEBDOMADA AUTHENTICA))Vol. XI, p. 280 HOLY WEEK (Major hebdomada, Hebdomada sancta, Hebdomada authentica). — It is the week preceding Easter, also called the “greater” or “authentic” week, because…
Holzhauser, BartholomäusVol. VI, p. 858 HOLZHAUSER, BARTHOLOMÄUS. — Founder of the Bartolomites (v.), born at Laugna (diocese of Augsburg) on 24 Aug. 1613, died at Bingen am Rhein on 20 May 1658.…
Homeopathy(OMEOPATIA)Vol. IX, p. 97 OMEOPATHY. — From ὅμοιος = similar, πάθος = suffering: a therapeutic system founded on the law of similars (similia similibus curantur), conceived by…
Homeric Poems(POEMI OMERICI)Vol. IX, p. 989 HOMERIC POEMS. — I. THE HOMERIC QUESTION. — We know nothing about the person of Omero. The Vitae, compiled at different periods, confirm the uncertainty…
Homicide(OMICIDIO)Vol. IX, p. 99 OMICIDIO. — From the Latin homicidium, it is, in general, the killing of a man. Nevertheless, not every killing constitutes homicide; even in ordinary…
Homiliary(OMILIARIO)Vol. IX, p. 100 OMILIARIO. — From homiliarius, homiliarius liber doctorum, it originally and properly denoted a collection of discourses by the holy Fathers on the Gospels for…
Homily(OMELIA)Vol. IX, p. 97 OMELIA : v. ORATORIA SACRA.
Hominis Superne ConditorVol. VI, p. 858 « HOMINIS SUPERNE CONDITOR ». – Hymn of Vespers on Friday, belonging to the Irish-Anglo-Saxon group. The poet draws inspiration from the account of the sixth…
Homobonus, Saint(OMOBONO, SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 102 OMOBONO, saint. — He lived in the second half of the 12th century and died on 13 November 1197. A merchant by profession in Cremona, he was a man of much…
Homoiousians (Homeusians, Semi-Arians)(OMOIUSIANI (OMEUSIANI, SEMIARIANI))Vol. IX, p. 102 OMOIUSIANS (OMEUSIANS, SEMIARIANS). — They were followers of the Arianizing doctrine, which rejects the consubstantiality of the Son, so as to grant him only a…
HondurasVol. VI, p. 858 HONDURAS. - I. GEOGRAPHY. - Region of the Isthmian part of America, between Mexico, Guatemala, Salvador, and Nicaragua, comprising a larger independent State…
Hong KongVol. VI, p. 860 HONG KONG. – British colony consisting of several islands (the two largest being Hong Kong and Lantau) and a section of the facing Chinese coast of Kwang-tung,…
HonoluluVol. VI, p. 860 HONOLULU. - Capital (300,000 inhab.) of the Polynesian archipelago of Hawaii (about twenty islands, of which 8 are major; altogether 17,000 sq. km.), which has…
Honor and Contumely(ONORE E CONTUMELIA)Vol. IX, p. 110 HONOR and INSULT. — H., from Lat. honor or honos (that is, honor, respect, esteem), is the external recognition of another’s excellence. I. THE CHRISTIAN…
Honoratus of Lérins(ONORATO DI LÉRINS)Vol. IX, p. 110 ONORATO of LÉRINS. – Monk, born toward the end of the 4th century, died at Arles in 429. On his return from a journey to the East, undertaken with his brother…
Honoratus, Bishop of Vercelli, Saint(ONORATO, VESCOVO DI VERCELLI, SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 110 ONORATO, bishop of VERCELLI, saint. – Born around 330, he was a disciple of St. Eusebio of Vercelli, whom he also followed into exile, having been driven there…
Honorius (Flavius Honorius), Roman Emperor(ONORIO (FLAVIUS HONORIUS), IMPERATORE ROMANO)Vol. IX, p. 112 ONORIO (Flavius Honorius), ROMAN EMPEROR. — Son of Theodosius the Great, born at Constantinople on 9 September 384, died at Ravenna on 15 August 423. In 393,…
Honorius I, Pope(ONORIO I, PAPA)Vol. IX, p. 112 ONORIO I, PAPA. – He was consecrated eight days after the death of his predecessor Bonifacio V, on 3 November 625, without awaiting the confirmation of the…
Honorius II, Pope(ONORIO II, PAPA)Vol. IX, p. 113 HONORIUS II, POPE. – He pontificated from 1124 to 1130. When the Sacred College, not without difficulty, gave its votes (21 Dec. 1124) to the name of Lamberto,…
Honorius III, Pope(ONORIO III, PAPA)Vol. IX, p. 113 ONORIO III, POPE. – Cencio Savelli, cardinal camerlengo, author of the liber censuum (v.), succeeded Innocent III in July 1216. He died on 18 March 1227.…
Honorius IV, Pope(ONORIO IV, PAPA)Vol. IX, p. 114 ONORIO IV, POPE. — Giacomo Savelli, cardinal deacon of the title of S. Maria in Cosmedin, pope from 1285 to 1287. He was elected unanimously, only four days…
Honorius, Known as of Autun (Honorius Augustodunensis)(ONORIO, DETTO DI AUTUN (HONORIUS AUGUSTUDANENSIS))Vol. IX, p. 111 ONORIO, called of AUTUN (Honorius Augustudanensis). — Theologian of the 12th century. The author, who describes himself as solitarius, scholasticus, presbyter,…
Hontheim, Johann Nikolaus VonVol. VI, p. 861 HONTHEIM, JOHANN NIKOLAUS von. — Bishop and canonist, better known under the pseudonym of Febronius; he was the initiator of the movement that took from him…
Honthorst, Gerard Van (Gherardo Delle Notti)Vol. VI, p. 862 HONTHORST, GERARD van (GHERARDO delle NOTTI). — Painter, born in Utrecht on 4 November 1590, died there on 27 April 1656. He belonged to a family of artists:…
Hoogstraeten, JakobVol. VI, p. 862 HOOGSTRAETEN, JAKOB. — Dominican writer and polemicist, born at Hoogstraten (Brabant) around 1460, died at Cologne on 27 January 1527. He first studied at…
Hooker, RichardVol. VI, p. 863 HOOKER, RICHARD. – Protestant theologian and jurist, born at Heavitree, near Exeter (England), in 1554, died at Bishopsbourne, near Canterbury, on 2 November…
Hoonacker, Albin VanVol. VI, p. 863 HOONACKER, ALBIN van. — Professor of Sacred Scripture at the Catholic University of Louvain, consultor to the Pontifical Biblical Commission, born at Bruges on…
Hopkins, Gerard ManleyVol. VI, p. 864 HOPKINS, GERARD MANLEY. — English Jesuit and poet, born in Stratford on 11 June 1844, died in Dublin on 8 June 1889. From 1863 to 1867 he studied at Oxford…
Hor (Forse In Origine Har «Monte»)Vol. VI, p. 864 HOR (perhaps originally har, “mountain”). — A mountain (Num. 20:22, 23, 25, 27; 21:4; Deut. 32:50) of southern Palestine on the border with Edom, between…
Horeb (Hebrew Hōrēb, «Drought», «Desolation»)(HOREB (EBR. HŌRĒB, «SICCITÀ», «DESOLAZIONE»))Vol. VI, p. 864 HOREB (Heb. Hōrēb, “drought,” “desolation”). — Another biblical name for Mount Sinai (v.). Indeed, the vision of the burning bush, and the divine command to…
Horma (Hebrew Hormāh)(HORMA (EBR. HORMĀH))Vol. VI, p. 865 HORMA (Heb. Hormāh). - A Canaanite city, originally Sephaath, but, by anticipation, always designated by the name applied by the Israelites to H. from the…
Hormisdas, Pope Saint(ORMISDA, PAPA, SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 238 ORMISDA, POPE, saint. — Son of Giusto, born in Frosinone; formerly a deacon of Pope Symmachus, he succeeded him in the pontificate on 20 July 514. A peaceful…
Hormizd, Rabban(HORMIZD, RABBĀN)Vol. VI, p. 865 HORMIZD, RABBĀN. – Nestorian monk of the seventh century, founder of the monastery near Alkōš (the region of Mossul) that bears his name, where monastic life…
Hormones(ORMONI)Vol. IX, p. 239 ORMONI: v. ENDOCRINE, GLANDOLE.
Horner, AntoineVol. VI, p. 865 HORNER, ANTOINE. — Born in Schönenburg (Alsace) on 20 June 1827, died 18 May 1880. Having entered the Congregation of the Holy Spirit in 1850, he was sent to…
Hornig, Károly DeVol. VI, p. 865 HORNIG, KÁROLY de. – Cardinal, born in Budapest on 10 August 1840, died in Veszprem on 11 February 1917. Of noble family, after completing his studies at the…
HorologiumVol. VI, p. 865 HOROLOGIUM: v. BIZANTINA LITURGIA.
Horoscope (ὨΡΑΚΆΠΗΣ)(OROSCOPO (ὨΡΑΚΆΠΗΣ))Vol. IX, p. 241 HOROSCOPE (ὠρακάπης). — The term h. in astrology designates the precise moment (ὠρα) at which one observes (σκοτσίν) the position of the stars that rise above…
Horse(CAVALLO)Vol. III, p. 707 CAVALLO. - S. Paolo, addressing the Corinthians, urges them to act in such a way as to attain the goal, that is, heaven, as in the stadium where many run and…
Hortulus AnimaeVol. VI, p. 865 HORTULUS ANIMAE. – A group of prayer books widely circulated in the 1500s, especially in the German-speaking countries (Seelengärtlein, Seelenwurzgerlein,…
Hortus DeliciarumVol. VI, p. 866 HORTUS DELICIARUM: v. HERRAD di LANDSBERG.
Hosanna, Apostolic Prefecture of(HOSANNA, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. VI, p. 866 HOSANNA, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. - On 25 March 1937, when the new general organization of the missions of Ethiopia was approved, Pope Pio XI, granting the…
Hosius (Hos, Hozusz, Osio), Saint Stanislas(HOSIUS (HOS, HOZUSZ, OSIO), STANISLAO)Vol. VI, p. 866 HOSIUS (HOS, HOZUSZ, OSIO), STANISLAO. — Theologian and cardinal, born in Krakow on 5 May 1504, died at Capranica (Sutri) on 5 August 1579. Born into a German…
Hospital for the Incurable(INCURABILI, OSPEDALE DEGLI)Vol. VI, p. 1036 INCURABILI, OSPEDALE degli. — The emergence of hospitals for the incurable was a characteristic phenomenon of the Renaissance. Two events of great importance,…
Hospitality(OSPITALITÀ)Vol. IX, p. 273 HOSPITALITÀ. — From hospes (hence hospitium, hospitalis, hospitalitas), it is the act of welcoming a stranger into one’s own home. I. HOSPITALITY AMONG…
Hospitaller Brothers of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and the Blessed Virgin Mary(OSPEDALIERE DEL SACRO CUORE DI GESÙ E DELLA BEATA VERGINE MARIA)Vol. IX, p. 270 HOSPITAL SISTERS OF THE SACRED HEART OF JESUS AND OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY. — Institute founded by Fr. Benito Menni (v.), to provide care for poor women with…
Hospitaller of Our Lady of Charity(OSPITALIERE DI NOSTRA SIGNORA DELLA CARITÀ)Vol. IX, p. 273 HOSPITAL SISTERS OF OUR LADY OF CHARITY. — Institute founded at Dijon in 1682 by the venerable B. Joly. In August 1694 the Constitutions were approved by the…
Hospitaller of Saint Thomas of Villanova(OSPITALIERE DI SAN TOMMASO DI VILLANOVA)Vol. IX, p. 273 HOSPITAL SISTERS OF ST THOMAS OF VILLANOVA. — In 1661 the Augustinian Angelo Le Proust founded at Lamballe (diocese of Quimper) a pious association of ladies…
Hospitaller Teachers of Mary Immaculate(OSPEDALIERE INSEGNANTI DI MARIA IMMACOLATA)Vol. IX, p. 270 OSPEDALIERE INSEGNANTI DI MARIA IMMACOLATA. — The Institute arose in Bourges in 1657 as a society of common life without vows, among those engaged in serving…
Hospitals (Hospitium, Hospitale)(OSPEDALI (HOSPITIUM, HOSPITALE))Vol. IX, p. 268 OSPEDALI (hospitium, hospitale). – This name is given to those special charitable institutions intended for the care and accommodation of the sick and of those…
Hostility(OSTILITÀ)Vol. IX, p. 283 OSTILITÀ. — In the law of nations, this term denotes the use of coercive means against another State in order to bend its will and compel it to accept the…
Hotman, FrançoisVol. VI, p. 867 HOTMAN, FRANÇOIS. - Jurist, b. in Parigi on 23 Aug. 1524, d. in Basilea on 12 Feb. 1590. Having embraced the “Reformation” in 1547, he withdrew to Ginevra; in…
Houbigant, Charles-FrançoisVol. VI, p. 867 HOUBIGANT, CHARLES-FRANÇOIS. – Exegete and Orientalist, born in Paris in 1686, died there on 31 October 1783. In 1704 he entered the Congregation of the…
Houdon, Jean-AntoineVol. VI, p. 867 HOUDON, JEAN-ANTOINE. — French sculptor, born on 20 March 1741 in Paris, where he also died on 16 July 1828. A pupil of M. Slodtz, he won the « prix de Rome »…
House of Orléans(ORLÉANS, CASA DI)Vol. IX, p. 237 ORLÉANS, HOUSE OF. — In French history there were four distinct groups of persons successively invested with the crown of the Duchy of O. The first was…
House of the Forest of Lebanon(CASA DELLA FORESTA DEL LIBANO)Vol. III, p. 566 CASA DELLA FORESTA DEL LIBANO. – A large hall, built by Salomon, whose purpose is still debated; some see in it, in fact, a hall for solemn ceremonies, others…
House, Blessing Of The(CASA, BENEDIZIONE DELLA)Vol. III, p. 566 CASA, BENEDIZIONE della. — The need to place one’s dwelling under the protection of the divinity led all peoples to establish special ceremonies for the…
Houtin, AlbertVol. VI, p. 868 HOUTIN, ALBERT. - Modernist, born 4 October 1867 at La Flèche (Sarthe), died 30 July 1926 in Paris. Ordained priest in 1891, he taught at the Seminary of…
Hove, Alphonse VanVol. VI, p. 868 HOVE, ALPHONSE van. — Belgian canon lawyer, born at Thielt (West Flanders) on 7 August 1872, died at Louvain on 27 July 1947. Extraordinary professor of…
Howard, Philip ThomasVol. VI, p. 868 HOWARD, PHILIP THOMAS. - Dominican cardinal, b. in London on 12 Sept. 1629, d. in Rome on 17 June 1694. Son of Tommaso Howard Arundel, duke of Norfolk, and…
Hoyos, Bernardo Francisco deVol. VI, p. 868 HOYOS, BERNARDO FRANCISCO de. — Spanish mystic, servant of God, apostle of devotion to the Sacred Heart. Born at Torrelobatón (Castile) on 21 August 1711, he…
Hradec Králové (Königgrätz)Vol. VI, p. 869 HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ (KÖNIGGRÄTZ). - Diocese and city in Czechoslovakia, suffragan to Prague. The diocese has an area of 13,090 sq. km., with a population of…
Hrotsvitha(ROTSVITA)Vol. X, p. 833 ROTSVITA — Benedictine and Saxon poetess, born ca. 935, died probably after 973. According to Seidel, the name Hrotsvit is an abbreviation of her secular name,…
Huajuápam de León, Diocese of(HUAJUÁPAM DE LEÓN, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 869 HUAJUÁPAM de LEÓN, DIOCESI di. — Diocese and city in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico. It has an area of 22,000 sq. km., with a population of 300,000, of whom…
Huancavelica, Diocese of(HUANCAVELICA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 869 HUANCAVELICA, DIOCESE of. – City and diocese of Peru, erected on 18 December 1944 by Pope Pius XII through the apostolic constitution Quae ad maius, by…
Huancayo, Diocese of(HUANCAYO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 869 HUANCAYO, DIOCESE of. – City and diocese of Peru, erected by Pope Pius XII on 18 December 1944 by the apostolic constitution Supremum apostolatus munus,…
Huaraz, Diocese of(HUARAZ, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 869 HUARAZ, DIOCESE of. – Diocese and capital city of the province of the same name in Peru (South America). It has an area of 42,908 sq. km., with 650,000…
Huber, Johann Nepomuk(HUBER, JOHANN NĚPOMUK)Vol. VI, p. 869 HUBER, JOHANN NĚPOMUK. - Catholic theologian and philosopher, b. in Munich on 18 Aug. 1830, d. there on 20 March 1879. From 1859 he was professor of philosophy…
Hubertus MagisterVol. VI, p. 869 HUBERTUS MAGISTER. — Scholastic theologian of the 12th century, author of a Summa theologiae, written in the last decades of the 12th century, which draws upon…
Huby, JosephVol. VI, p. 870 HUBY, JOSEPH. – Jesuit, apologist, and exegete, born at Châtelaudren (Brittany) on 12 December 1878, died at Laniscat (Brittany) on 7 August 1948. His…
Huby, VincentVol. VI, p. 870 HUBY, VINCENT. - Popular missionary and ascetical writer, b. at Hennebont in Brittany on 15 March 1608, d. at Vannes on 22 March 1693. Having entered the…
Huc, Évariste-Régis(HUC, EVARISTE-RÉGIS)Vol. VI, p. 870 HUC, EVARISTE-RÉGIS. - Missionary, traveller, and writer, b. at Caylus (France) on 1 June 1813; he was admitted to the Congregation of the Mission in 1836 and…
Hudson Bay, Apostolic Vicariate of(BAIA DI HUDSON, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. II, p. 416 BAIA DI HUDSON, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO of. — This vicariate is entrusted to the Oblates of Mary Immaculate. The mission among the Eskimos was begun in 1912;…
HuejutlaVol. VI, p. 871 HUEJUTLA. – City and diocese in the State of Puebla (Mexico), erected on 24 November 1922 by Pope Pius XI through the apostolic constitution Inter negotia, by…
Huesca, Diocese of(HUESCA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 871 HUESCA, DIOCESE of. – City and diocese in the homonymous province of Spain, suffragan of Saragossa. The diocese has an area of 5026 sq. km., and numbers…
Huet (Huetius), Pierre-DanielVol. VI, p. 871 HUET (Huetius), PIERRE-DANIEL. - French philosopher, theologian, and scholar, b. in Caen on Feb. 8, 1630, d. in Paris on Feb. 26, 1721. Preceptor of the (from…
Hugh of Amiens (Hugo Ambianensis or Rothomagensis)(UGO D'AMIENS (HUGO AMBIANENSIS O ROTHOMAGENSIS))Vol. XII, p. 448 UGO D'AMIENS (Hugo Ambianensis or Rothomagensis). — Benedictine theologian and archbishop, born ca. 1085, probably in the diocese of Amiens, died at Rouen on…
Hugh of Cluny, Saint(UGO DI CLUNY, SANTO)Vol. XII, p. 451 UGO di CLUNY, saint. — Son of Count Dalmazio di Semur, b. at Semur (Burgundy) in 1024, d. at Cluny on 28 Apr. 1109. A Benedictine at Cluny at fourteen, a…
Hugh of Fleury(UGO DI FLEURY)Vol. XII, p. 452 UGO di FLEURY. - Little is known of the life of this monk, who became celebrated for his extensive learning. D. after 1118. U. of Ste Marie, a Benedictine at…
Hugh of Saint-Victor(UGO DI SAN VITTORE)Vol. XII, p. 454 UGO di SAN VITTORE. — Theologian and philosopher, b. ca. 1096, probably at Hartenham in Saxony (his descent from the family of the counts of Blanckenburg is…
Hugh of Strasbourg (Ripelin)(UGO DI STRASBURGO (RIPELIN))Vol. XII, p. 455 UGO di STRASBURGO (RIPELIN). - Theologian and poet of the thirteenth century. Little is known of his life; his name occurs in documents of 1268 and 1296. A…
Hugh, Bishop of Grenoble, Saint(UGO, VESCOVO DI GRENOBLE, SANTO)Vol. XII, p. 452 UGO, bishop of GRENOBLE, saint. - Born at Châ- teauneuf in Isère about 1053, later a canon of Va- lence and counsellor to Ugo, archbishop of Lyons and le- gate…
Hugh, Bishop of Lincoln, Saint(UGO, VESCOVO DI LINCOLN, SANTO)Vol. XII, p. 453 UGO, bishop of LINCOLN, saint. — Carthusian, born ca. 1140 at Avalon in Burgundy, died in London on 16 November 1200. A religious at the priory of…
Hugh, King of Italy(UGO, RE D'ITALIA)Vol. XII, p. 452 UGO, king of ITALY. — Crowned in Apr. 927, he held power until 947. Born between 880 and 881 to Count Tibaldo and Berta, daughter of Lotario II of Lorraine, he…
Hugo da Prato(UGO DA PRATO)Vol. XII, p. 453 UGO da PRATO: see PANZIERA, UGO. UGO da SAN CARO - Postillae in Genesim - Biblioteca Vaticana, cod. Vat. lat. 50, fol. 5v (late 14th century).
Hugo Etherianus(UGO ETERIANO)Vol. XII, p. 451 UGO ETERIANO. - Theologian and cardinal, born in Pisa at the beginning of the 12th century, died in 1182. Along with his brother Leo, known as the Tuscan (Leo…
Hugo Metello(UGO METELLO)Vol. XII, p. 453 UGO METELLO. – Theologian, born at Toul toward the end of the 11th century, died c. 1150. A disciple of Anselmo di Laon (v.), he became a canon of the Church…
Hugo of Balma (Balmey) or of Dorche(UGO DI BALMA (BALMEY) O DI DORCHE)Vol. XII, p. 451 UGO di BALMA (BALMEY) or di DORCHE. — Carthusian, monk and subsequently prior of Meyriat, toward the end of the 13th century. He wrote a treatise on Theologia…
Hugo of Bonneval, Saint(UGO DI BONNEVAUX, SANTO)Vol. XII, p. 451 UGO di BONNEVAUX, saint - Abbot, nephew of s. Ugo, bishop of Grenoble (d. 1132), son of Raimondo di Châteauneuf, b. at Châteauneuf d'Isère, near Valence, about…
Hugo of Farfa(UGO DI FARFA)Vol. XII, p. 452 UGO di FARFA. - Born into a noble family of the Marsica around 972, died 25 Dec. 1038, he became abbot of Farfa in Dec. 997. Although he had obtained this…
Hugo of Newcastle(UGO DI NEWCASTLE)Vol. XII, p. 453 UGO di NEWCASTLE. – Franciscan theologian of the 14th century, called de Novo Castro, a locality whose exact location is uncertain and which, according to…
Hugo of Porta Ravegnana(UGO DI PORTA RAVEGNANA)Vol. XII, p. 453 UGO di PORTA RAVEGNANA. - Jurist, one of the four doctors who were disciples of Irnerio. Born in Bologna perhaps at the beginning of the 12th century; died…
Hugo of Saint-Cher (Hugo a Sancto Caro)(UGO DA SAN CARO (HUGO A SANCTO CARO))Vol. XII, p. 454 UGO da SAN CARO (Hugo a Sancto Caro). — A learned exegete and theologian, b. at St-Cher near Vienne in the Dauphiné, d. at Orvieto on 19 March 1263. In 1225 he…
Hugo, GustavVol. VI, p. 872 HUGO, GUSTAV. – Jurist, born in Lörrach (Baden) on 23 November 1764, died in Göttingen on 15 September 1844. From 1788 he was a professor in Göttingen and…
Hugo, Victor-MarieVol. VI, p. 872 HUGO, VICTOR-MARIE. – Poet, novelist, and playwright, born in Besançon on 26 February 1802, died in Paris on 22 May 1885. From his father Joseph Léopold…
Hugon, Édouard(HUGON, EDOUARD)Vol. VI, p. 873 HUGON, EDOUARD. – Dominican philosopher and theologian, born at Lafarre (Haute Loire) on 25 August 1867, died in Rome on 7 February 1929. In 1885 he was at…
Huguenots(UGONOTTI)Vol. XII, p. 456 HUGUENOTS. — This name designates the French Protestants, to whose theology and ecclesiastical constitutions Calvinism contributed above all, to such an extent…
Huizinga, JohanVol. VI, p. 873 HUIZINGA, JOHAN. – Dutch historian, born on 7 December 1872 in Groningen, died on 1 February 1945 in De Steeg. He initially studied comparative philology and…
Hulst, Maurice d'Vol. VI, p. 874 HULST, MAURICE d'. — Apologist and orator, born in Paris on 10 October 1841, died there on 6 November 1896. Of noble family, connected with the courts of Paris…
Human Act(ATTO UMANO)Vol. II, p. 233 ATTO UMANO. — In the broad sense, any human activity may be called human. In the proper and restricted sense, the term a. u. is reserved for acts that depend…
Human Monster(MOSTRO UMANO)Vol. VIII, p. 884 MOSTRO UMANO. - An individual who presents one or more anomalies such as to render him gravely aberrant from normality (v. TERATOLOGIA). Human monsters concern…
Human Races(RAZZE UMANE)Vol. X, p. 350 RAZZE UMANE. - I. DEFINIZIONE. - A human race is defined as that aggregate of human beings who, sharing a particular hereditary endowment, exhibit among…
Human Respect(RISPETTO UMANO)Vol. X, p. 574 RISPETTO UMANO: v. FEDE; FORTEZZA; TIMORE.
Human Rights(DIRITTI DELL'UOMO)Vol. IV, p. 979 HUMAN RIGHTS. — The declaration of human rights, which exerted a great influence on subsequent orientations of social and legal thought, particularly in…
Humani GenerisVol. VI, p. 875 «HUMANI GENERIS». — Encyclical of Pius XII, dated 12 Aug. 1950, concerning false opinions that threaten to subvert the foundations of Catholic doctrine (AAS,…
