Helena, Saint(ELENA, SANTA)Vol. V, p. 149 ELENA, santa - Moneta d'oro. ELENA, SANTA - St. Helena assists at the discovery of the Cross. Fresco by Piero della Francesca (1452-60). Arezzo, church of S.…
Helfta (Helpede)Vol. VI, p. 823 HELFTA (HELPEDE). – Benedictine monastery (with the usages and Cistercian habit), founded in 1258 near Eisleben (Saxony) by Gertrude of Hackeborn (v.), the…
HeliandVol. VI, p. 823 HELIAND. - Old High German word, today Heiland, Saviour; a kind of popular religious poem in Old Saxon and alliterative verse (6000 lines), written (from C.…
Heliodorus (Gk. Hēliódōros "Gift of the Sun")(ELIODORO ('ΗΛΙΌΔΑΡΟΣ «DONO DEI SOLE»))Vol. V, p. 169 ELIODORUS (Ἠλιόδαρος, “gift of the Sun”). — First minister of Seleucus IV, king of Syria (187–175 B.C.). Son of Aeschylus and a member of a noble Antiochene…
Heliogabalus (Imp. M. Aurelius Antoninus), Roman Emperor(ELIOGABALO (IMP. M. AURELIUS ANTONINUS), IMPERATORE ROMANO)Vol. V, p. 169 ELIOGABALO (Imp. M. Aurelius Antoninus), ROMAN EMPEROR. — Born at Emesa in 204, died in Rome on 11 March 222. The son of Vario Marcello and Giulia Soemia, his…
Heliopolis of Egypt(ELIOPOLI D'EGITTO)Vol. V, p. 170 HELIOPOLIS OF EGYPT. - Egyptian city, the ancient On (𓇾𓈖), capital of the 13th nome of Lower Egypt, sacred to the hawk-headed god Atum, creator par excellence,…
Heliopolis of Syria(ELIOPOLI DI SIRIA)Vol. V, p. 170 ELIOPOLI di SIRIA: V. BA'ALBEK.
Hell(INFERNO)Vol. VI, p. 1121 INFERNO. — According to Catholic doctrine, it is the place in which the rebellious angels and human beings who die in mortal sin are eternally punished.…
Hellenism(ELLENISMO)Vol. V, p. 176 ELLENISMO. – A term coined by J. G. Droysen (in his history of the subject, between 1836 and 1877) to designate the entire historical period from the military…
Hellenists ('Ελληνισταί)(ELLENISTI ('ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΤΑΊ))Vol. V, p. 181 ELLENISTI ('Ελληνισταί). — This name designated the Jews of the diaspora (Act. 2:11; 6:1) who lived outside Palestine and spoke Greek. We have information…
Hello, ErnestVol. VI, p. 823 HELLO, ERNEST. — French writer, born in Lorient on 4 November 1828, and died there on 15 April 1885. He practised law for a short time, then devoted himself to…
Helmholtz, Hermann vonVol. VI, p. 824 HELMHOLTZ, HERMANN von. - B. on 31 Aug. 1821 at Potsdam, d. at Charlottenburg on 8 Sept. 1894. He graduated in medicine in 1842 with a work on microscopic…
Helmold(ELMOLDO (HELMOLD))Vol. V, p. 181 ELMOLDO (HELMOLD). – Chronicler, born ca. 1118–22, a disciple of Geroldo, bishop of Lübeck, he spent his youth, until 1155, in the monastery of Faldera, later…
HelsinkiVol. VI, p. 824 HELSINKI. – Formerly Helsingfors, capital of the Republic of Finland, it is the most populous city in the State (270,000 inhabitants), of whom 64.5% are Finns…
Helvétius, Claude-AdrienVol. VI, p. 824 HELVÉTIUS, CLAUDE-ADRIEN. — Philosopher, born in Paris in January 1715 to Gian Claudio, a physician of renown; he died there on 26 December 1771. Initially…
Helwicus, TeutonicusVol. VI, p. 825 HELWICUS, TEUTONICUS. - Dominican ascetical writer, who lived around 1300. From the catalogue of Stams (Mon. O. P. hist., XVIII [Roma 1936], p. 65, cf. 124),…
Hemerken, TommasoVol. VI, p. 825 HEMERKEN, TOMMASO: v. TOMMASO da KEMPIS.
Henao, Gabriel deVol. VI, p. 825 HENAO, GABRIEL de. - Jesuit theologian, b. at Valladolid on 20 July 1612, d. at Salamanca on 11 Feb. 1704. For many years he was professor of philosophy,…
Henares, Domingo, Blessed(HENARES, DOMINGO, BEATO)Vol. VI, p. 825 HENARES, DOMINGO, blessed. - Spanish Dominican, titular bishop of Pesseita, pro-vicar apostolic of Eastern Tonkin, martyred there on 25 June 1838. Born at…
Henchthoven, Emile van(HENCXTHOVEN, EMILE VAN)Vol. VI, p. 825 HENCXTHOVEN, EMILE van. - Jesuit, missionary, b. at Moll (Belgium) on 7 Oct. 1852, d. at Wombali (Belgian Congo) on 6 Apr. 1906. Having entered the Society of…
Hengchow, Diocese of(HENGCHOW, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 826 HENGCHOW, diocese of. — In the civil province of Hunan, in central China, it was erected as an apostolic vicariate, with territory detached from the mission of…
Hengstenberg, Ernst WilhelmVol. VI, p. 826 HENGSTENBERG, ERNST WILHELM. — The principal representative of «orthodox» (positiv, positiv-gläubig) Protestant theology and exegesis in the nineteenth…
Hengtung, Diocese of(HUNGTUNG, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 879 HUNGTUNG, DIOCESI di. - In the civil and ecclesiastical province of Shansi, in northern China. It was erected as an apostolic prefecture on 17 June 1932 from…
Henneguier, JérômeVol. VI, p. 826 HENNEGUIER, JÉRÔME. – Dominican theologian, born at St-Omer in 1663, died there on 13 March 1712. Master of theology in 1678, he founded a theological school…
Henotheism (Catenotheism)(ENOTEISMO (CATENOTEISMO))Vol. V, p. 241 HENOTHEISM (CATENOTHEISM). – It is the first stage of the idea of God according to Max Müller, “whereby the deity momentarily present to religious…
Henriquez, EnriqueVol. VI, p. 828 HENRIQUEZ, ENRIQUE. - Jesuit, missionary, b. at Villaviciosa (Portugal) in 1520, d. at Pumai-kayal (coast of the Pescheria in southeastern India) on 6 Febr.…
Henry Bate of Malines(ENRICO BATE DA MALINZE)Vol. V, p. 242 ENRICO BATE da MALINZE. - Belgian philosopher and astronomer, b. 24 March 1246. He probably completed his philosophical studies in Paris and seems to have been…
Henry I of Mainz(ENRICO I DI MAGONZA)Vol. V, p. 255 ENRICO I di MAGONZA. — Archbishop of Mainz from 27 September 1142 until 7 June 1153; he devoted particular attention to ecclesiastical discipline and monastic…
Henry I, King of England(ENRICO I, RE D'INGHILTERRA)Vol. V, p. 250 ENRICO I, king of ENGLAND. - B. in 1068, last son of Guglielmo I the Conqueror, d. 2 Dec. 1135. He obtained the Kingdom of England in 1100, after the violent…
Henry II of Mainz(ENRICO II DI MAGONZA)Vol. V, p. 256 ENRICO II of MAGONZA. - Archbishop of Magonza from 15 May 1286 until 17–18 March 1288, a Franciscan and son of a baker, born at Isny in Swabia, he was lector…
Henry II, Emperor(ENRICO II, IMPERATORE)Vol. V, p. 246 ENRICO II, EMPEROR — Silver coin (1903–24) — Berlin, Geldmuseum der deutschen Reichsbank. It was continued until 1154; only from 1126 onward does it have its…
Henry II, Emperor, Saint(ENRICO II, IMPERATORE, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 246 ENRICO II, IMPERATORE, saint. - B. 6 May 973, d. 13 July 1024. Husband of St. Cunegonda, with whom he lived in chastity, he was duke of Bavaria from 28 Aug.…
Henry II, King of England(ENRICO II, RE D'INGHILTERRA)Vol. V, p. 250 ENRICO II, king of ENGLAND. — Son of Goffredo Plantageneto and Matilde, daughter and heir of Enrico I, born on 25 March 1133, died on 6 July 1189 at Le Mans.…
Henry II, King of France(ENRICO II, RE DI FRANCIA)Vol. V, p. 243 ENRICO II, king of FRANCIA. — The second son of Francesco I and Claudia, daughter of Luigi XII, he was born on 31 March 1519. Under the Treaty of Madrid, he…
Henry III, Emperor(ENRICO III, IMPERATORE)Vol. V, p. 246 ENRICO III, EMPEROR. — Son of Corrado II il Salico and Gisella, born on 28 October 1017, died at Botfel in the Harz on 5 October 1056. Educated in Bavaria…
Henry III, King of England(ENRICO III, RE D'INGHILTERRA)Vol. V, p. 250 ENRICO III, king of ENGLAND. - B. at Winchester on 1 Oct. 1207, d. on 16 Nov. 1272. As early as 1216, upon the death of his father, Giovanni Senza Terra, he…
Henry III, King of France(ENRICO III, RE DI FRANCIA)Vol. V, p. 243 ENRICO III, king of FRANCIA. — The last of the Valois, son of Enrico II and Caterina de' Medici, b. on 20 September 1551 at Fontainebleau, d. in Paris on 1…
Henry IV, Emperor(ENRICO IV, IMPERATORE)Vol. V, p. 247 ENRICO IV, EMPEROR. — Son of the preceding and of Agnese, born on 11 Nov. 1050, died near Visé (Belgium) on 7 Aug. 1106. Crowned king at the age of four, he…
Henry IV, King of England(ENRICO IV, RE DI INGHILTERRA)Vol. V, p. 250 ENRICO IV, king of ENGLAND. — Born on 3 April 1367 at Bolingbroke Castle, died on 20 March 1413 at Westminster. The son of Giovanni di Gaunt, duke of…
Henry IV, King of France(ENRICO IV, RE DI FRANCIA)Vol. V, p. 243 ENRICO IV, king of FRANCE. — Son of Antonio di Borbone, the prince of the blood nearest to the ruling line of the Valois, and of Giovanna d’Albret, queen of…
Henry of Bolzano (of Treviso), Blessed(ENRICO DA BOLZANO (DI TREVISO), BEATO)Vol. V, p. 242 ENRICO da BOLZANO (di TREVISO), blessed. — Asceia, born in Bolzano, died in Treviso at a very advanced age on 10 June 1315. Still an adolescent, in order to…
Henry of Clairvaux, Blessed(ENRICO DI CHIARAVALLE, BEATO)Vol. V, p. 242 ENRICO di CHIARAVALLE, Blessed. - Born at the castle of Marey near Cluny in Burgundy to noble parents, he entered the monastery of Chiaravalle around 1156. In…
Henry of Egwint(ENRICO DI EGWINT)Vol. V, p. 243 ENRICO di EGWINT. — Dominican mystic of the 14th century, called in the documents Eckebant, Eckewind, Ekewind, Heepont. Four sermons by him are preserved in a…
Henry of Friemar(ENRICO DI FRIEMAR)Vol. V, p. 244 ENRICO di FRIEMAR. - Augustinian historian and theologian, born at Fremel, a small village in Thuringia, about 1254; he died at the age of eighty in 1334. From…
Henry of Ghent(ENRICO DI GAND)Vol. V, p. 244 ENRICO di GAND. — Philosopher and theologian, born in Ghent in the first decades of the 13th century, died on 29 June 1293. E. was one of the greatest among…
Henry of Gorcum (Gorichem)(ENRICO DI GORKUM (GÖRRICHEM))Vol. V, p. 245 ENRICO di GORKUM (GÖRRICHEM). — Theologian, born ca. 1386, died in 1431 in Cologne. He taught first in Paris and then (1419–31) in Cologne. He was one of the…
Henry of Harclay(ENRICO DI HARCLAY)Vol. V, p. 245 ENRICO di HARCLAY. — English scholastic philosopher. The biographical data, as well as those concerning his scholarly activity, are scanty and uncertain.…
Henry of Herford(ENRICO DI HERFORD)Vol. V, p. 245 ENRICO di HERFORD. - Dominican theologian and historian, born at Herford at the beginning of the 14th century, died at Minden on 13 October 1370. A religious…
Henry of Huntingdon(ENRICO DI HUNTINGDON)Vol. V, p. 245 ENRICO of HUNTINGDON. – Archdeacon and historian, born ca. 1085 in the diocese of Lincoln, the city in which he was educated, died in 1155. In 1110 he was…
Henry of Kalkar(ENRICO DI KALKAR)Vol. V, p. 254 ENRICO di KALKAR. — Cistercian, born in 1328 at Kalkar (Rhineland), died in Cologne on 20 December 1408. After studying in Cologne and Paris, he entered the…
Henry of Langenstein(ENRICO DI LANGENSTEIN)Vol. V, p. 254 ENRICO di LANGENSTEIN: V. HEINDUCHE, HEINRICH VON LANGENSTEIN.
Henry of Laufenberg(ENRICO DI LAUFENBERG)Vol. V, p. 254 ENRICO di LAUFENBERG. - Versatile poet of the High Middle Ages, Swiss by birth (c. 1300), priest at Friburgo (Brisgovia), he entered the Order of S. Giovanni…
Henry of Lausanne(ENRICO DI LOSANNA)Vol. V, p. 254 ENRICO di LOSANNA. — Opponent of the ecclesiastical hierarchy and of the priestly Order, born in the final decades of the 11th century, died after 1145. He is…
Henry of Louvain(ENRICO DI LOVANIO)Vol. V, p. 255 ENRICO of LOVANIO. — Dominican theologian and writer, d. on 18 October 1340 (?) in Cologne or Lovanio. Son of the noble Lovanian family de Calstris (van der…
Henry of Lübeck(ENRICO DI LUBECCA)Vol. V, p. 255 ENRICO di LUBECCA. — Dominican philosopher and theologian, b. in Lubecca ca. 1288, d. after 1336. He was magister theologiae already before 1323, but probably…
Henry of Meissen(ENRICO DI MEISSEN)Vol. V, p. 256 ENRICO of MEISSEN. - Nicknamed «Frauenlob» because, in a lyrical contest with the poet Regenbogen, he gave preference to the term Frau, as opposed to the term…
Henry of Melk(ENRICO DI MELK)Vol. V, p. 256 ENRICO of MELK. - The earliest German satirical poet (second half of the 12th century). Disgusted with worldly life, he entered the monastery of Melk as a lay…
Henry of Nördlingen(ENRICO DI NÖRDLINGEN)Vol. V, p. 256 ENRICO of NÖRDLINGEN. — Priest of the diocese of Augsburg, spiritual director and preacher, died after November 1351. In the dispute between the Avignonese…
Henry of Rimini(ENRICO DA RIMINI)Vol. V, p. 257 ENRICO da RIMINI. - Dominican theologian, b. at Rimini, d. ca. 1314. He entered the Dominicans of his city. He appears to have been a reader in theology. He…
Henry of Susa(ENRICO DI SUSA)Vol. V, p. 257 ENRICO di SUSA: v. BARTOLOMEI, ENRICO.
Henry of the Holy Martyrs Nebeus and Achilles(ENRICO DEI SANTI NEBEO E ACHILLEO)Vol. V, p. 257 ENRICO dei SANTI NEBEO e ACHILLEO. – Cardinal, of the Moricotti family of Pisa, died in Rome in 1179. Having become a monk at Chiaravalle, he was a disciple of…
Henry of Uppsala, Saint(ENRICO DI UPPSALA, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 257 ENRICO di UPPSALA, saint. – Martyr in Finland, of which he is proclaimed the apostle and patron, in 1156. Originally from England, he went to Sweden, where in…
Henry of Veldeke(ENRICO DI VELDEKE)Vol. V, p. 257 ENRICO di VELDEKE. - German poet, of Flemish origin (second half of the 12th century), important for his lyric poetry, in which he remains the founder of…
Henry the Navigator, Infante of Portugal(ENRICO DI NAVIGATORE, INFANTE DI PORTOGALLO)Vol. V, p. 256 ENRICO di NAVIGATORE, infante di PORTOGALLO. — Born at Oporto on 24 March 1394, died at Sagres on 13 November 1460. Grand Master of the Military Order of…
Henry V, Emperor(ENRICO V, IMPERATORE)Vol. V, p. 248 ENRICO V, IMPERATORE. – Son of the preceding and of Berta di Savoia, born 18 January 1081, died at Utrecht on 23 May 1123. Designated as heir in 1098 after the…
Henry V, King of England(ENRICO V, RE D'INGHILTERRA)Vol. V, p. 250 ENRICO V, king of ENGLAND. — Born on 9 August 1387 at Monmouth, died on 31 August 1422 at Vincennes. He ascended the throne upon the death of his father,…
Henry VI, Emperor(ENRICO VI, IMPERATORE)Vol. V, p. 249 ENRICO VI, EMPEROR. — Son of Federico Barbarossa and Beatrice of Burgundy, born in 1165, died at Messina on 28 September 1197. Nominated king by the Romans at…
Henry VI, King of England(ENRICO VI, RE D'INGHILTERRA)Vol. V, p. 250 ENRICO VI, king of England. – Born on 6 December 1421 at Windsor, died on 21 May 1471 in the Tower of London. The only son of Enrico V and Caterina di Valois,…
Henry VII, Emperor(ENRICO VII, IMPERATORE)Vol. V, p. 249 ENRICO VII, EMPEROR. – Son of Count Enrico III of Luxembourg, b. between 1270 and 1280, d. at Buonconvento on 24 Aug. 1313. Upon the death of Albert of…
Henry VII, King of England(ENRICO VII, RE D'INGHILTERRA)Vol. V, p. 250 ENRICO VII, king of ENGLAND. - First king of the Tudor dynasty, b. at Pembroke Castle on 28 Jan. 1457, d. at Richmond on 21 Apr. 1509. Descended on his…
Henry VIII, King of England(ENRICO VIII, RE D'INGHILTERRA)Vol. V, p. 253 ENRICO VIII, king of ENGLAND.—The second son of Enrico VII, born on 28 June 1491 and died on 28 January 1547, he became heir to the throne upon the death of…
Henry VIII, King of England(ENRICO VIII, RE D'INQUILTERIA)Vol. V, p. 255 ENRICO VIII, RE D'INQUILTERIA - Autograph letter of E. VIII to Anna Helena - Vatican Library. cod. Vat. lat. 3731.
Henry, King of Portugal(ENRICO, RE DI PORTOGALLO)Vol. V, p. 256 ENRICO, king of PORTUGAL. — Born in 1512, died in 1580. Son of Emanuele I, at the age of fourteen he chose an ecclesiastical career, whose ranks he ascended…
Henry, Prince of Kongo(ENRICO, PRINCIPE DEL CONGO)Vol. V, p. 242 ENRICO, prince of CONGO. – Born around 1495, son of dom Affonso, later king of Congo, dom E. was sent to Lisbon in 1508 to be educated in the convent of S.…
Henschen (Henschenius), Godefrid(HENSCKENS (HENSCHENIUS), GODEFROID)Vol. VI, p. 828 HENSCKENS (Henschenius), GODEFROID. - Jesuit hagiographer and Bollandist, b. at Venray (Limburg) on 21 Jan. 1601, d. at Antwerp on 12 Sept. 1681. Appointed in…
Hensel, LuiseVol. VI, p. 828 HENSEL, LUISE. - German poetess, daughter of a Lutheran pastor, born at Linum in Brandenburg on 30 March 1798, died at Paderborn on 18 Dec. 1876. Having…
Henānā of Adiabene(HENÂNĂ DI ADIABENE)Vol. VI, p. 825 HENÂNĂ of ADIABENE. - A noted Syrian theologian, d. 610. Although formerly a pupil of the school of Nisibis, where Nestorian tendencies were encouraged, H.,…
Hepburn, JamesVol. VI, p. 829 HEPBURN, JAMES. — Minim friar, theologian, philologist, and Scottish polyglot, born at Odhanstocks, in the county of Haddington, on 14 July 1573, died at…
Hephaestus (ἩΦΑΣΤΟΣ)(EFESTO (ἩΦΑΣΤΟΣ))Vol. V, p. 101 EFESTO (Ἡφαστος). – Greek god, son of Zeus and Hera. His nature and origin are debated: he may have been either Zeus’s lightning, transformed into a god, and a…
Heraclas, Saint(ERACLA, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 300 ERACLA, saint. — Born about 180, he studied philosophy together with Origene, by whom he was converted to Christianity and subsequently associated with him as…
Heraclean, Biblical Version(ERACLEENSE, VERSIONE BIBLICA)Vol. V, p. 302 ERACLEENSE, BIBLICAL VERSION: V. SIRIACHE, VERSIONI della BIBLIA.
Heracleon(ERACLEONE)Vol. V, p. 302 ERACLEONE. - Heretic, head of the Italian school of the Valentinians (c. 120-80). Fragments of his commentary on the Gospel of St. John have been transmitted…
Heracles(HERAKLES)Vol. VI, p. 829 HERAKLES : v. ERACLE.
Heracles ('Ηρακλῆς)(ERACLE ('ἩΡΑΚΛΗ͂Σ))Vol. V, p. 301 HERACLES ('Ἡρακλῆς). — Hero of ancient Greece, son of Alcmena and Zeus, who had appeared to her in the guise of her husband. Some scholars see in him an…
Heraclianus(ERACLIANO)Vol. V, p. 302 ERACLIANO. – A citizen of Sirmium in the fourth century, a faithful Catholic and opponent of Arianism, as represented by his bishop Germinius. There survives…
Heraclides of Damascus, Book of(ERACLIDE DI DAMASCO, LIBRO DI)Vol. V, p. 302 ERACLIDE di DAMASCO, BOOK of. - Under this curious title is concealed an important work written by Nestorio in 451, before the Council of Calcedonia but after…
Heraclitus of Ephesus(ERACLITO DI EFESO)Vol. V, p. 302 ERACLITO di EFESO. — Greek philosopher who lived approximately between 540 and 475 B.C. Of noble lineage, throughout his life, devoted to philosophy, he…
Heraclius I, Emperor of Byzantium(ERACLIO I, IMPERATORE DI BISANZIO)Vol. V, p. 302 ERACLIO I, EMPEROR of Byzantium. - He reigned from 610 to 641. He was crowned by the Byzantine patriarch Sergio. In 614 he undertook the counteroffensive…
Heraclius, Antipope (?)(ERACLIO, ANTIPAPA (?))Vol. V, p. 302 ERACLIO, ANTIPAPA (?). – He is mentioned in the Damasian poem in honour of Pope Eusebius. E. was at the head of the laxist party, which demanded the return of…
Heraldry(ARALDICA)Vol. I, p. 1039 HERALDRY. – An auxiliary science of history. It derives from the word “herald,” because it was precisely the heralds’ task to recognize the coats of arms of…
Herbart, Johann FriedrichVol. VI, p. 829 HERBART, JOHANN FRIEDRICH. — Protestant philosopher and educator, born in Oldenburg on 4 May 1776, died in Göttingen on 14 August 1841. A student of Fichte at…
Herbert, Edward, Lord of CherburyVol. VI, p. 830 HERBERT, EDWARD, lord of CHERBURY. — Statesman, poet, and philosopher, born at Eyton (Shropshire) on 3 March 1583 (W. Windelband gives the date as 1581), died…
Herbert, Saint(ERIBERTO, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 315 ERIBERTO, saint. - Archbishop of Cologne, born about 970 to Count Ugo of Wormazia, died 16 March 1021. He attended the cathedral school of Wormazia and that of…
Herbipolis, Diocese of(ERBIPOLI, DIOCESI DI)Vol. V, p. 307 ERBIPOLI, DIOCESI di: v. WÜRZBURG, DIOCESI di.
Herborn, Nikolaus Ferber vonVol. VI, p. 830 HERBORN, NIKOLAUS FERBER von. - Franciscan theologian, b. at Herborn (Hesse) about 1480, d. at Toulouse on 15 April 1535. He appears in full anti-Lutheran…
Herculaneum(ERCOLANO)Vol. V, p. 308 ERCOLANO. – A town in Campania buried, together with nearby Pompei (v.), by the eruption of Vesuvius in A.D. 79, and only beginning to be uncovered in the…
Herculano de Carvalho e Araújo, Alexandre(HERCULANO DE CARVALHO E ARAUJO, ALEXANDRE)Vol. VI, p. 831 HERCULANO de CARVALHO e ARAUJO, ALEXANDRE. - Writer, poet, literary critic, and the foremost Portuguese historian, born in Lisbon on 28 March 1810 and died at…
Herculanus, Saint(ERCOLANO, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 308 ERCOLANO, saint. - The earliest testimony concerning him is that contained in the Dialoghi of s. Gregorio Magno. There also exists a highly legendary and…
Herder, Johann GottfriedVol. VI, p. 831 HERDER, JOHANN GOTTFRIED. – Critic, philosopher, and theologian, b. 25 Aug. 1744 at Mohrungen (East Prussia), d. 18 Dec. 1803 at Weimar. He studied Protestant…
Hereditary Estate(ASSE EREDITARIO)Vol. II, p. 119 ASSE EREDITARIO: v. SUCCESSIONI.
Hereditary Succession(SUCCESIONE EREDITARIA)Vol. XI, p. 898 HEREDITARY SUCCESSION. – Succession, taken in its broadest juridical sense, denotes any transfer of rights from one subject to another. It may extend to all…
Heredity(EREDITARIETÀ)Vol. V, p. 309 HEREDITABILITY. – Transmission from parents to children of the characteristics proper to the species, race, and individual. This transmission takes place…
Heredity And Heirs(EREDITÀ E EREDI)Vol. V, p. 309 EREDITÀ e EREDI: v. SUCCESSIONE.
Herem (Septuagint: Ἀνάθημα) (M.A.)(HEREM (SETTANTA ἈΝΆΘΡΗΣ) (Μ.Α.))Vol. VI, p. 832 HEREM (Septuagint ἀνάθρης) (μ.α.) - Among the Jews it designated: 1) a penalty whereby individuals or peoples declared objects of execration were exterminated…
Heresy(ERESIA)Vol. V, p. 312 HERESY. — Greek word (αἴρεσις), meaning “choice,” “selection.” SUMMARY: I. General notions. — II. In dogmatics: heresy as doctrine. — III. In moral theology:…
Hergenröther, JosephVol. VI, p. 832 HERGENRÖTHER, JOSEPH. — Cardinal, theologian, and Church historian, born at Würzburg on 15 September 1824, died at the Cistercian monastery of Mehretrau…
Heriger Of Lobbes(ERIGERO DI LOBBES)Vol. V, p. 315 ERIGERO di LOBBES. – Benedictine abbot and writer, b. in the first half of the 10th century, d. at Lobbes (Liège) in 1007. He entered the abbey of Lobbes in…
Hermagoras, Saint(HERMAGORAS, SANTO)Vol. VI, p. 832 HERMAGORAS, saint. – He is the first bishop in the episcopal catalogue of Aquileia; he may be assigned to around the middle of the 3rd century. Since antiquity…
Hermann Joseph Of Steinfeld, Blessed(ERMANNO GIUSEPPE DI STEINFELD, BEATO)Vol. V, p. 321 ERMANNO GIUSEPPE di STEINFELD, blessed. – Premonstratensian mystic, born in Cologne after 1150, died in the monastery of the Cistercian nuns at Hoven on 4…
Hermann of Fritzlar(HERMANN DI FRITZLAR)Vol. VI, p. 833 HERMANN of FRITZLAR. – An ascetic writer of the fourteenth century, probably a layman, who composed in German the little book Blume der Beschauung und der…
Hermann of Lehnin(HERMANN DI LEHNIN)Vol. VI, p. 833 HERMANN of LEHNIN. - Monk of the vanished Cistercian abbey of Lehnin near Berlin, who lived and composed his Vaticinium in Latin in the thirteenth century.…
Hermann of Schildesche(ERMANNO DI SCHILDISCHE)Vol. V, p. 320 ERMANNO di SCHILDISCHE. – Augustinian theologian and canonist of the fourteenth century, who died on 8 July 1357. He was the first of the German Hermits to be…
Hermann, Called Contractus(ERMANNO, DETTO CONTRATTO)Vol. V, p. 320 ERMANNO, detto CONTRATTO. - Benedettino (detto Contratto per la paralisi di cui era affitto), cronista, poeta, scienziato, dell'abbazia di Reichenau (Augia…
Hermas(ERMA)Vol. V, p. 318 ERMA. — One of the Apostolic Fathers, flourishing ca. the middle of the second century. He wrote The Shepherd, in Greek. The Muratorian Fragment attests that…
Hermas, Shepherd of(ERMA FRO-DITISMO)Vol. V, p. 320 ERMA FRO-DITISMO. — Coexistence in the same subject of male and female sex glands; normal in some invertebrates. Young classifies the anomaly, which is…
Hermenegild, Saint, Martyr(ERMENEGILDO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. V, p. 321 ERMENEGILDO, saint, martyr. - Son of the Visigoth king Leovigildo, he married in 579 Ingunda, daughter of Sigiberto, king of the Franks. Because of his wife's…
Hermeneutics(ERMENEUTICA)Vol. V, p. 321 ERMENEUTICA: v. INTERPRETAZIONE.
Hermes (Ἑρμῆς)(ERMETE (ἘΡΜΗ͂Σ))Vol. V, p. 321 HERMES (Ἐρμῆς). - A Greek god whose name has been derived from the heaps of stones (ἐρμῶ) that were sacred to him, though others consider it pre-Hellenic and…
Hermes, GeorgVol. VI, p. 833 HERMES, GEORG. — Semi-rationalist philosopher and theologian, born at Dreyervalde, near Münster, on 22 April 1775, died at Bonn on 26 May 1831. Having…
Hermes, Saint, Roman Martyr(ERMETE, SANTO, MARTIRE ROMANO)Vol. V, p. 322 ERMETE, saint, Roman martyr. — The legendary passio of St. E., inserted into that of Pope Alexander (109–16), makes him a Christian prefect of Rome, brother of…
Hermetic Writings(ERMETICI, LIBRI)Vol. V, p. 322 ERMETICI, LIBRI. — These writings, which are probably either summaries of lectures or of conversations held in restricted philosophical circles, take their…
Hermeticism, Literary(ERMETISMO, LETTERARIO)Vol. V, p. 323 ERMETISMO, LETTERARIO. – The term, initially used only to designate the Italian poetic movement that can approximately be situated between the two wars, was…
Hermeticism, Philosophical(ERMETISMO, FILOSOFICO)Vol. V, p. 323 ERMETISMO, FILOSOFICO. – A restricted spiritual current of the late Hellenistic period (3rd century A.D.) that takes its name from the Greek Hermes, insofar as…
Hermias(ERMIA)Vol. V, p. 323 ERMIA. — No ancient source mentions this writer, known only from the title of his brief work: Hermiae philosophi irrisio gentilium philosophorum, which has…
Hermit and Hermits(EREMO ED EREMITANI)Vol. V, p. 312 EREMO ed EREMITANI: V. ANACORETA.
Hermogenes(ERMOGENE)Vol. V, p. 323 ERMOGENE. - A Christian heretic (c. 180–205) who, after living in Syria, where he was opposed by Teofilo d'Antiocchia (Eusebius, Hist. eccl., IV, 24), moved to…
HermonVol. VI, p. 834 HERMON. – Mountain range in Lebanon. The biblical name Hermín denotes a sacred thing to be withheld from the gaze of the profane, as, for example, the haram…
Hermopolis (El-Minja)(ERMOPOLI (EL-MINJA))Vol. V, p. 324 ERMOPOLI (el-Minja). – Residential see of the Copts, with a Catholic bishop since 6 March 1896; today administered by the same patriarch. Faithful 10,622,…
Hero(EROE)Vol. V, p. 328 HERO. – From the Greek ἥρως, “lord, prince,” of uncertain etymology, it generally denotes one who rises above others through strength, power, and nobility. The…
Herod Agrippa I(ERODE AGRIPPA I)Vol. V, p. 327 ERODE AGRIPPA I: v. AGRIPPA I.
Herod Agrippa II(ERODE AGRIPPA II)Vol. V, p. 327 ERODE AGRIPPA II: v. AGRIPPA II.
Herod Antipas(ERODE ANTIPA)Vol. V, p. 327 ERODE ANTIPA: v. ANTIPA, JULIUS HERODES.
Herod Atticus(ERODE ATTICO)Vol. V, p. 327 ERODE ATTICO. - Born at Maratona in A.D. 101 to Tiberio Claudio Attico Erode, who left him an immense fortune. He used it to procure books and teachers, which…
Herod I, Called The Great, King Of Judea(ERODE I DETTO IL GRANDE, RE DI GIUDEA)Vol. V, p. 324 ERODE, called the Great, king of JUDEA. — Son of the Idumean Antipater (v.), chamberlain of Hyrcanus II, and of the Arabian Cypros, he was born ca. 73 B.C. and…
Herod Philip(ERODE FILIPPO)Vol. V, p. 327 ERODE FILIPPO: v. FILIPPO (ERODE).
Herodians ('Ἡρωδιανοί')(ERODIANI ('ἩΡΩΔΙΑΝΌΙ'))Vol. V, p. 328 HERODIANS ('Ἡρωδιανόι'). – Mentioned together with the Pharisees in Mt. 22:16 and in Mk. 3:6; 12:13. They were not a religious sect: Flavius Josephus considers…
Herodias(ERODIADE)Vol. V, p. 327 ERODIADE. — Daughter of Aristobulus, son of Herod the Great. She married her uncle Herod Philip, son of Herod the Great and Mariamne II, daughter of the high…
HerodiumVol. VI, p. 834 HERODIUM. - A characteristic artificial truncated-conical hill situated 6 km from Betlemme in a south-easterly direction. Erode il Grande erected there a…
Heroic Act(EROICO, ATTO)Vol. V, p. 329 EROICO, ATTO. – Every human act is called heroic that cannot be performed by a person except with extraordinary or very great moral difficulty. It is not…
Heroic Act of Charity (Also Improperly Called Heroic Vow)(ATTO EROICO DI CARITÀ, (DETTO ANCHE, IMPROPRIAMENTE, VOTO EROICO))Vol. II, p. 231 HEROIC ACT OF CHARITY, (also improperly called HEROIC VOW). — The S. Congregation of Indulgences, in the Collection of Prayers and Pious Works, published in…
Herolt, JohannVol. VI, p. 834 HEROLT, JOHANN. - Dominican preacher, born c. 1380, probably in Nuremberg, died during a journey in the Convent of Regensburg in August 1468. H. was a zealous…
Herp (Harpius, Herpius, Citharedus), HeinrichVol. VI, p. 834 HERP (Harpius, Herpius, Citharedus), HEINRICH. – Franciscan mystical writer, initially preacher of the Brothers of the Common Life (1445–50) in the…
Herrad of Landsberg (Landisperg)(HERRAD DI LANDSBERG (LANDSPERG))Vol. VI, p. 835 HERRAD di LANDSBERG (LANDSPERG). – Abbess, born ca. 1125–30 into the noble Alsatian family of Landsberg; having entered the monastery of Hohenburg…
Herrera y Tordesillas, Antonio deVol. VI, p. 835 HERRERA y TORDESILLAS, ANTONIO de. - Spanish historian, b. at Cuéllar in 1549, d. at Madrid on 29 March 1625. He was in Italy in the service of Vespasiano…
Herrera, Pedro deVol. VI, p. 835 HERRERA, PEDRO de. - Dominican theologian, b. in Seville in 1548, d. in Salamanca on 31 Dec. 1630. He entered religious life at Salamanca, completed his…
HersfeldVol. VI, p. 835 HERSFELD. - An ancient Benedictine abbey in the province of Hessen-Nassau in Prussia. It was founded in 744 by Sturmi, a disciple of St. Boniface, in honour of…
Hertling, Georg Friedrich vonVol. VI, p. 836 HERTLING, GEORG FRIEDRICH von. — Philosopher and statesman, born 31 August 1843 in Darmstadt, died 4 January 1919 in Ruhpolding (western Bavaria). He studied…
Hertwig, OscarVol. VI, p. 836 HERTWIG, OSCAR. – Born in Friedberg on 21 April 1849, died in Berlin on 25 October 1922. He was a student of Haeckel and graduated in medicine at Bonn in 1871.…
Hertz, Heinrich RudolphVol. VI, p. 836 HERTZ, HEINRICH RUDOLPH. – German physicist, born in Hamburg on 22 February 1857, died in Bonn on 1 January 1894. He studied in Munich and was a pupil of H.…
Herveo, MedelecVol. VI, p. 837 HERVEO, MEDELEC: V. ENRICO DI NEDELLEC.
Herveus Natalis of Nedellec (also known as Herveus Brito, i.e., of Brittany)(ERVEO (HERVAEUS NATALIS) DI NEDELLEC (DETTO ANCHE HERVAEUS BRITO, CIOÈ DI BRETAGNA))Vol. V, p. 333 ERVEO (Hervaeus Natalis) of NEDELLEC (also called Hervaeus Brito, that is, of Brittany). - Dominican scholastic of the 13th-14th centuries. He studied at the…
Hervás y Panduro, LorenzoVol. VI, p. 836 HERVÁS y PANDURO, LORENZO. – Jesuit and polymath, born at Horcajo de Santiago (Cuenca) on 10 May 1735, died in Rome on 24 August 1809. He was professor of…
Herzan und Harras, Franz, Count of(HERZAN UND HARRAS, FRANZ, CONTE DI)Vol. VI, p. 837 HERZAN und HARRAS, FRANZ, Count of. – Cardinal, born on 5 April 1735 in Prague, died on 1 June 1804 in Vienna. He studied in his native city under the Piarists…
Herzen, Aleksandr Ivanovič (Gercen in Russian spelling)(HERZEN, ALEKSANDR IVANOVIĆ (GERCEN NELLA GRAFIA RUSSA))Vol. VI, p. 837 HERZEN, ALEKSANDR IVANOVIĆ (Gercen in Russian spelling). - Russian politician and writer, b. in Moscow on 25 March (6 Apr.) 1812, d. in Paris on 3 Feb. 1870.…
HerzogenburgVol. VI, p. 837 HERZOGENBURG. - Abbey of Lateran Canons Regular of St. Augustine, in Lower Austria, diocese of St. Pölten. It has charge of 16 incorporated parishes. Bishop…
Heshbon (Hebrew: Heshbōn; Septuagint: Ἐσβοῦς)(HESEBON (EBR. HESSBÖN, SETTANTA ἘΣΒΟΥ͂Σ))Vol. VI, p. 838 HESEBON (Heb. Heßbön, Septuagint Ἐσβοῦς). — A locality 12 km from Madaba, in an easterly direction, in Transjordan. Capital of the Amorite kingdom of Sihon, it…
Hesiod(ESIODO)Vol. V, p. 366 ESIODO. – Greek poet, probably active in the eighth century B.C. What is known of him is inferred from his works: his father was from Cuma celica and emigrated…
Hesychasm(ESICASMO)Vol. V, p. 364 ESICHASM. — A characteristic system of Eastern asceticism, which from the middle of the fourteenth century became increasingly synonymous with Palamism, since…
Hesychius of Alexandria(ESICHIO DI ALESSANDRIA)Vol. V, p. 364 ESICHIO di ALESSANDRIA. - Greek lexicographer, of whom we possess only the scant information contained in the title of his work, itself, moreover, considered…
Hesychius of Jerusalem(ESICHIO DI GERUSALEMME)Vol. V, p. 365 ESICHIO di GERUSALEMME. — Monk and priest, who devoted the first half of the fifth century to his activity as preacher and writer; the dates of his birth and…
Hesychius of Miletus(ESICHIO DI MILETO)Vol. V, p. 365 ESICHIO of MILETUS. — Also called “Illustris,” from around 550, perhaps a Christian, author of a universal history, with additions extending to the early years…
Hesychius the Ascetic, Saint(ESICHIO L'ASCETA, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 365 ESICHIO L'ASCETA, saint. - An anchorite of the eighth century, easily confused with his namesake called “the Tannaturga”; perhaps for this reason his feast (6…
Heteronomy(ETERONOMIA)Vol. V, p. 412 HETERONOMY. - In ethics, heteronomy (ἔτερος = other; νόμος = law) is opposed to autonomy (v.), and denotes the character of every moral system that seeks the…
Hettinger, FranzVol. VI, p. 838 HETTINGER, FRANZ. — Theologian and apologist, born at Aschaffenburg on 13 January 1813, died at Würzburg on 25 January 1890. He studied in Aschaffenburg,…
Hetzenauer, MichaelVol. VI, p. 838 HETZENAUER, MICHAEL. — Capuchin, biblical scholar, born at Zell (Tyrol) on 30 November 1860, died in Rome on 4 August 1928. Professor of Sacred Scripture at…
Heusden, Giovanni Vos van(HEUSDEN GIOVANNI VOS, DI)Vol. VI, p. 839 HEUSDEN GIOVANNI Vos, di: v. vos GIOVANNI di HEUSDEN.
Hevila (Hebrew: Ḥāwīlāh probably from ḥōl «sand»; Septuagint: Εὐαία)(HEVILA (EBR. ḤĀWĪLĀH PROB. DA ḤŌL «SABBIA»; SETTANTA ΕΥ̓ΑΙ͂Α))Vol. VI, p. 839 HEVILA (Hebr. Ḥāwīlāh probably from ḥōl “sand”; Septuagint Εὐαῖα). - A region (v. EDEN) abundant in gold, aromatic gum, and precious stones, through which…
Hexachord(ESACORDO)Vol. V, p. 334 ESACORDO. – System ■ a musical scale of six notes adopted around the 11th century in musical instruction, together with the monosyllables ut re mi fa sol la.…
Hexaemeron(ESAMERONE)Vol. V, p. 336 ESAMERONE. – A technical term denoting the biblical account (Gen. 1–2:3) of the work of creation, presented as having taken place over six days (ἡξ. = “six,”…
Hexapla (in Greek Τὰ Ἑξαπλά, in Latin Hexapla; less common is the singular Τὸ Ἑξαπλῶν)(ESAPLE (IN GR. ΤᾺ ἘΞΑΠΛΩ͂, LAT. HEXAPLA; MENO FREQUENTE È IL SINGOLARE ΤῸ ἘΞΑΠΛΩ͂Ν))Vol. V, p. 338 ESAPLE (in Greek τὰ ἐξαπλῶ, Latin hexapla; less frequent is the singular τὸ ἐξαπλῶν). — By this term, equivalent to “sixfold,” Christian antiquity designated…
Hexateuch(ESATEUCO)Vol. V, p. 340 ESATEUCH. - A name given by many modern Protestant and rationalist critics (Ewald, Knobel, Kuench, Wellhausen, Holzinger, Driver, Cornill, Gautier, etc.) to…
Hexham and Newcastle, Diocese of(HEXHAM E NEWCASTLE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 839 HEXHAM AND NEWCASTLE, DIOCESE OF. — In the ecclesiastical province of Liverpool (England). The diocese has an area of 7,700 sq km and a population of 2,242,701…
Heylen, Thomas-LouisVol. VI, p. 839 HEYLEN, THOMAS-LOUIS. - Bishop of Namur, b. 5 Feb. 1856 at Casterlé-lez-Turnhout (Antwerp), d. 27 Oct. 1941 at Namur. A Premonstratensian in the abbey of…
Heynlin, Johannes von Stein (Johannes de Lapide)Vol. VI, p. 840 HEYNLIN, JOHANNES VON STEIN (Johannes de Lapide). – Carthusian theologian and scholar, born at Stein in Baden between 1430 and 1433, died at Basel on 12 March…
Heywood, JohnVol. VI, p. 840 HEYWOOD, JOHN. - Musician and dramatist, who lived between 1497 and 1578. Born perhaps at Stock, near Chelmsford, died at Louvain. He studied at Oxford; from…
Heywood, ThomasVol. VI, p. 840 HEYWOOD, THOMAS. - English dramatist and polygrapher, b. in Lincolnshire of a well-to-do family; he lived between 1573 and Aug. 1641. He studied at Cambridge…
Hibbert JournalVol. VI, p. 840 HIBBERT JOURNAL. – A monthly journal founded in London in 1902 as an emanation of the Hibbert Foundation (Hibbert Trust). The latter was established with a…
Hibernon, Andrés, Blessed(HIBERNON, ANDRÉS, BEATO)Vol. VI, p. 840 HIBERNON, ANDRÉS, blessed. — Franciscan, born in 1534 at Alcantarilla near Murcia, died on 18 April 1602. In 1556, having suffered a robbery that revealed to…
Hickey (Higuaeus), AntonyVol. VI, p. 840 HICKEY (Higuaeus), ANTONY. - Irish theologian, b. in County Clare at Thomond in 1586, d. at Rome on 26 June 1641. A Franciscan (1607) at the Irish College of…
Hidden Compensation(COMPENSAZIONE OCCULTA)Vol. IV, p. 76 OCCULT COMPENSATION. – Occult compensation consists in taking or retaining, without the debtor’s knowledge, whatever is sufficient to recover or make…
Hieraca(IERACA)Vol. VI, p. 922 IERACA. - An ascetic in Egypt (at Leontopolis), who lived in the third century. The principal source of present knowledge is Epifanio (Haeres., 67; cf. also…
Hierarchia CatholicaVol. VI, p. 841 HIERARCHIA CATHOLICA. - Title given by the Conventual Father C. Eubel (v.) to his critical collection of chronological episcopal lists of all Catholic…
Hierocles(IEROCLE)Vol. VI, p. 924 IEROCLE: v. GEROCLE di SOSSIANO.
Hierography, Hierology, Hierosophy(IEROGRAFIA, IEROLOGIA, IEROSOFIA)Vol. VI, p. 924 IEROGRAFIA, IEROLOGIA, IEROSOFIA: v. GOBLET D'ALVIELLA, EUGÈNE.
Hierophant(IEROFANTE)Vol. VI, p. 924 IEROFANTE: v. ELEUSINI, MISTERI.
Higginson, Teresa HelenaVol. VI, p. 841 HIGGINSON, TERESA HELENA. - Mystic, born in 1844 of Catholic parents. In 1854 she entered a convent in Nottingham, where she remained for 10 years and made her…
High Church ("Chiesa Alta")(HIGH CHURCH («CHIESA ALTA»))Vol. VI, p. 841 HIGH CHURCH (“Chiesa alta”). — This designation in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, that is, before the “Oxford Movement” (1833), referred to those…
Hilarianus(ILARIANO)Vol. VI, p. 937 ILARIANO. – Bishop in proconsular Africa, who published in the year 397 two writings: De ratione Paschae et mensis and De cursu temporum. The first book…
Hilarion, Saint(ILARIONE, SANTO)Vol. VI, p. 938 ILARIONE, saint. - Founder of the eremitical life in Palestine, born at Thabitha near Gaza in 291, died in Cyprus in 371. Sent by his parents to Alexandria to…
Hilarus (Hilarus), Pope, Saint(ILARO (HILARUS), PAPA, SANTO)Vol. VI, p. 939 ILARO (Hilarus), POPE, saint. — Born in Sardinia, he was archdeacon of the Roman clergy at the time of s. Leone I. In 449 he was sent by the Pontiff as legate…
Hilary of Arles(ILARIO DI ARLES)Vol. VI, p. 937 ILARIO of ARLES. — Monk of Lerins, Semipelagian, died in 444. Metropolitan of Arles, he came into conflict with Pope Leo the Great (L. Duchesne, Fastes…
Hilary of Barenton(ILARIO DA BARENTON)Vol. VI, p. 937 ILARIO da BARENTON. - Capuchin writer and scholar of the Province of Paris, born 28 February 1864; already a priest and parish assistant, he entered the…
Hilary of Paris(ILARIO DA PARIGI)Vol. VI, p. 937 ILARIO da PARIGI. — Capuchin theologian, b. in Paris on 23 November 1831, d. by drowning near Castel S. Elia (Viterbo) on 18 July 1904. Already a priest and a…
Hilary of Poitiers(ILARIO DI POITIERS)Vol. VI, p. 937 ILARIO of POITIERS. — Born between 310 and 320 at Poitiers into a noble pagan family. After a restless wandering among pagan philosophies in search of God, he…
