HENRY OF LAUSANNE. – Opponent of the ecclesiastical hierarchy and of the priestly order, born in the last decades of the 11th century, died after 1145. He is variously named: “H. the Italian,” though his Italian origin is not documented; “H. of Cluny,” because he was a Benedictine expelled from the monastery, or “the black monk,” though he should not necessarily be considered a Cluniac; “H. of Lausanne,” where he resided before appearing notably in France; “H. the Hermit,” on account of his austere dress, bare feet, long beard, and a cross in hand, preaching penance and living in poverty. He stirred the masses with seductive popular eloquence, passing himself off as a prophet of God, gifted with the discernment of hearts. The favor of the people led the celebrated bishop Hildebert of Lavardin to welcome him with benevolence in the city of Le Mans for Lent in 1100.
With demagogic tactics, he railed against the worldly life and the vices of the clergy, and, following a common system among these free and equivocal preachers of austerity, he channeled toward revolutionary movements and heterodox principles the desire for an evangelical reform, ever alive in Christian conscience and in the work of authentic apostles. Bishop Hildebert, upon returning from Italy, exposed his ignorance, forcing him to confess that he could not read the Breviary; other sources, however, describe him as a man of letters. He also denounced his immoral conduct, which was barely concealed, a charge also leveled against him by St. Bernard as the reason for his expulsion from the monastery and other places of his pseudo-apostolic wandering.
He besieged the town of Pirou in Aquitaine and in Languedoc. The bishop of Arles brought him before the Council of Pisa in 1135, where, convicted of heresy, he abjured his errors. St. Bernard invited him to retire to the monastery of Clairvaux; instead, he continued his anti-ecclesiastical propaganda in southern France, aligning his actions with those of Peter of Bruys (q.v.), of whom he was considered the heir and continuer. The effects were disastrous: the people abandoned the churches, deserted festive liturgies, despised priests, neglected the Eucharist, infant baptism, and other sacraments; even the lords took advantage to plunder ecclesiastical goods and indulge in licentiousness. The mission of 1145, led by the cardinal legate Alberic of Ostia, summoned the aid of St. Bernard, who, through the prestige of his virtue and word, rekindled Christian sentiments and stemmed the evil, though he did not remove the pernicious infection. He was arrested by the bishop of Toulouse and ended his life in prison.
No particular formulation of his doctrines survives, though his relationship to those of Peter of Bruys is noted. Peter the Venerable (Adversus Petrobursianos: PL 189, 723) considers him an exacerbator of the errors of the aforementioned and informs us of the existence of a volume containing the preaching of H. Canon 23 of the Second Lateran Council of 1139 condemns those hypocritical spirituals who rejected the Eucharist, infant baptism, the priesthood, ecclesiastical orders, and lawful marriages. In manuscript no. 3 (R. 18) of the municipal library of Nice, a 12th-century treatise (ff. 136b-143b) by Guilelmus monachus contra Hieronimum simoniacum et hereticum is preserved, in which the right of bishops and priests to be honored and to receive money, their power to absolve sins, evangelical precepts, marriage, and the application of merits to the dead are discussed. H., with a free interpretation of Scripture, must have accentuated opposition to the dogmatic and moral teaching of the Church and to the sacramental and liturgical order of Christian life, consequently contesting connected dogmatic truths without constructing an orderly doctrinal system. Historically, the heretics prepared minds to receive the dualistic doctrines of the Neomanichaeans or Cathars (q.v.), also called Albigensians (q.v.), who invaded the aforementioned regions in the mid-12th century.
HENRY VIII, King of England – Autograph letter of H. VIII to Anne Boleyn – Vatican Library, ms. Vat. lat. 3731.
HENRY OF LUBECK. – Dominican theologian and writer, died on 18 Oct. 1340 (?) in Cologne or Louvain. Son of the noble Louvain family de Calstris (van der Kalster), H. was prior in Louvain in 1292, then, at least between 1297 and 1303, lector in Cologne. Of him are known moral sentences, a letter, and a sermon. On account of his virtues, he was sometimes called “blessed.” The thesis of W. Preger regarding his friendship with Tauler is unsustainable.
Angelo Walz
HENRY OF LUCCA. – Dominican philosopher and theologian, born in Lucca c. 1288, died after 1336. He was master of theology already before 1323, though probably not in Paris (perhaps in Cologne, at the Dominican Studium generale); in 1325-36 provincial of the province of Saxony, and in 1336 its vicar general. Three Quodlibeta of H. are known, disputed in the years 1323-26 (partially edited by F. Mitzka: see bibl.), and treatises on theology, philosophy, physics, astronomy, and medicine.
Anneliese Maier
HENRY I OF MAINZ. – Archbishop of Mainz from 27 Sept. 1142 to 7 June 1153; he particularly attended to ecclesiastical discipline and monastic life; he directed the administration of the German Empire in 1147-48 while Emperor Conrad III participated in the Second Crusade. On account of his opposition to the election of Frederick Barbarossa, he was deposed at Worms.