Haarlem, Diocese of(HAARLEM, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 783 HAARLEM, DIOCESI di. — City and diocese in the Netherlands, suffragan of Utrecht. The first mention of the city of H. dates from the second half of the 10th…
Habakkuk(HABACUC)Vol. VI, p. 783 HABACUC: v. ABACUC.
Habert, Franz Xaver(HABERL, FRANZ XAVIER)Vol. VI, p. 783 HABERL, FRANZ XAVIER. — Musician and musicologist, born at Oberellenbach on 12 April 1840, died at Ratisbona on 5 September 1910. He entered the Seminary of…
Habert, IsaacVol. VI, p. 784 HABERT, ISAAC. - French bishop and theologian, b. in Paris c. 1600, d. at Pont-de-Salars, near Rhodez, 15 Sept. 1668. Having graduated in theology at the…
Habert, JohannesVol. VI, p. 784 HABERT, JOHANNES. – Composer and organist, born at Oberplan on 18 October 1833, died at Gmunden on 1 September 1896. Founder and editor of the Zeitschrift für…
Habert, LouisVol. VI, p. 784 HABERT, LOUIS. - French moral theologian of Jansenist tendencies, born at Blois or in its vicinity in 1635, died in Paris on 7 April 1718. He became a doctor…
Habhdalah (« Separation »)(HABHDĀLĀH (« SEPARAZIONE »))Vol. VI, p. 784 HABHDĀLĀH (“separation”). - Jewish religious ceremony at the end of the Sabbath (and, in abridged form, of every feast day) and at the beginning of the period…
HabiruVol. VI, p. 784 HABIRU. — Numerous documents of the ancient Near East, differing in date and provenance, mention groups and individuals called H. In the time of Hammurabi…
Habit, Habitude(ABITO, ABITUDINE)Vol. I, p. 77 HABIT, HABITUATION. — A stable quality by which an agent, indifferent to acting according to different orientations, acquires facility and readiness to act in…
Habitability of Worlds(ABITABILITÀ DEI MONDI)Vol. I, p. 75 ABITABILITÀ DEI MONDI. — 1. ACCORDING TO SCIENCE. — By the habitability of worlds is meant a set of conditions suitable for the forms of life existing on…
Habitual Grace(ABITUALE, GRAZIA)Vol. I, p. 81 ABITUALE, GRAZIA: V. GRAZIA.
Habituality(ABITUALITÀ)Vol. I, p. 81 ABITUALITÀ: V. DELITTO.
HaceldamaVol. VI, p. 785 HACELDAMA. — Name of the field which the Sanhedrin (because the clay had run out?) bought from a potter with the 30 pieces of silver that the traitor Judas…
HadadVol. VI, p. 785 HADAD. - Throughout ancient western Asia, the god of storm, lightning, and rain was one of the most prominent divinities in the pantheon of each of the many…
Hadadremmon (Hebrew Hadadrimmōn)(ADADREMMON (EBR. HADADRIMMÖN))Vol. I, p. 180 ADADREMMON (Heb. Hadadrimmön). - A term occurring only in Zach. 12:11, where the prophet, foretelling the death of the Messiah (v. 10), compares the mourning…
Hadewijch, Blessed(HADEWIJCH, BEATA)Vol. VI, p. 785 HADEWIJCH, blessed. — Brabantine mystic; she is the most notable figure in the literature of the thiois dialect at the end of the 12th century and the…
Hadrian(ADRIANO)Vol. I, p. 220 ADRIANO. - Greek exegete, author of an “Introduction to Holy Scripture,” already mentioned by Cassiodorus in the De institutione divinarum litterarum (I, chap.…
Hadrian (Imperator Caesar Traianus Hadrianus Augustus), Roman Emperor(ADRIANO (IMPERATOR CAESAR TRAIANUS HADRIANUS AUGUSTUS), IMPERATORE ROMANO)Vol. I, p. 220 ADRIANO (Imperator Caesar Traianus Hadrianus Augustus), ROMAN EMPEROR. — Publius Aelius Hadrianus was born at Italica (in Baetica) in A.D. 76 of a…
Haec Est Dies Qua CandidaeVol. VI, p. 786 «HAEC EST DIES QUA CANDIDAE». — It is the hymn of Lauds in the Office of s. Teresa di Gesù: the author is unknown; but the hymn appears for the first time in…
Haeckel, Ernst Heinrich(HAECKEL, ERNEST HEINRICH)Vol. VI, p. 786 HAECKEL, ERNEST HEINRICH. — Biologist, born in Potsdam on 16 February 1834, died in Jena on 9 August 1919. He studied medicine at Würzburg and natural sciences…
Haeften, Benedict van(HAEFTEN, BENEDIKT VAN)Vol. VI, p. 786 HAEFTEN, BENEDIKT van. - Prior of the Benedictine monastery of Afflighem, in Belgium, born at Utrecht in 1588, died at Afflighem on 31 July 1648. He studied…
Haffner, Paul LeopoldVol. VI, p. 787 HAFFNER, PAUL LEOPOLD. - Bishop of Mainz, born at Horb in Württemberg on 21 Jan. 1829, died at Mainz on 2 Nov. 1899. A professor at the Seminary of Mainz,…
Hagar(AGAR)Vol. I, p. 275 AGAR - A. Punished by Sarah. Benozzo Gozzoli (1468-84) - Pisa, Camposanto. He seized the kingdom of Berengario II and had himself crowned king of Italy at…
Hagar (Hebrew Hāgār "Flight")(AGAR (EBR. HĀGĀR « FUGA »))Vol. I, p. 275 AGAR (Hebr. Hāgār “flight”). — An Egyptian slave woman in the service of Sarai (Sara), the wife of Abram. According to the custom of the time, her barren…
Hagen, Johannes GeorgVol. VI, p. 787 HAGEN, JOHANNES GEORG. — Jesuit, astronomer, born in Bregenz (Austria) on 6 March 1847, died in Rome on 6 September 1930. Professor of mathematics in the…
Hagen, MartinVol. VI, p. 787 HAGEN, MARTIN. - Jesuit, exegete, brother of the astronomer Johannes Georg, b. at Bregenz (Austria) on 23 May 1855, d. at Valkenburg (Holland) on 12 July 1923.…
Haggadah (« Narration »)(HAGGĜDHĀH («NARRAZIONE»))Vol. VI, p. 787 HAGGĜDHĀH (“narration”). - Jewish ceremonial for the celebration of the evening of Passover. The texts are ancient and are found, with variants, in the…
Haggai (Hebrew Haggaj "Solemn"; Septuagint 'Αγγαῖος)(AGGEO (EBR. HAGGAJ «SOLENNE»; SETTANTA 'ΑΓΓΑΙ͂ΟΣ))Vol. I, p. 284 AGGEO (Hebr. Haggaj, “solemn”; Septuagint Ἀγγαῖος). — Prophet, tenth in the series of the “minor” prophets, and the first among those after the exile. He is…
Hagia Triada(HAGHIA TRIADA)Vol. VI, p. 787 HAGHIA TRIADA: v. EGEA, RELIGIONE.
Hagiography(AGIOGRAFIA)Vol. I, p. 287 AGIOGRAPHY. — From the Greek ἄγιος “holy” and γράφο “I write,” also called hagiology, it is the science concerned with the lives and legends of the saints and…
Hagiology(AGIOLOGIA)Vol. I, p. 289 AGIOLOGIA: v. AGIOGRAFIA.
Hahn-Hahn, IdaVol. VI, p. 788 HAHN-HAHN, IDA. - German woman writer, b. at Trassow (Mecklenburg-Schwerin) on 22 June 1805, d. at Mainz on 12 Jan. 1880 in the convent of the Good Shepherd,…
Hai (Heb. Ha-'Aj, always with the article 'the ruin'; Septuagint Ia)(HAI (EBR. HĀ-'AJ SEMPRE CON L'ARTICOLO «LA ROVINA»; SETTANTA I°A))Vol. VI, p. 788 HAI (Heb. hā-'Aj, always with the article, “the ruin”; Septuagint I°a). A Canaanite city east of and near Bethel and Bethaven (Gen. 12:8; Ios. 8:9; 12:9),…
Haichow, Apostolic Prefecture of(HAICHOW, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. VI, p. 788 HAICHOW, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE. — In the northern part of the civil province of Kiangsu, in China. It was erected on 9 June 1949 through the division of the…
Haidra(HAÏDRA)Vol. VI, p. 788 HAÏDRA. – Arabic name of a Roman town called Ammaedera or also Ammaedara in an inscription (CIL, 8, 11532), “Ad Medera” in the Itinerary of Antoninus and on…
Hail Mary(AVE MARIA)Vol. II, p. 314 «AVE MARIA». - Prayer to the Virgin, also called, since the Middle Ages, the Angelic Salutation. Today it is composed of two distinct parts: in the first, the…
Hail, Flowers of Martyrs(SALVETE FLORES MARTYRUM)Vol. X, p. 1019 «SALVETE FLORES MARTYRUM». — Hymn of Vespers and Lauds on the feast of the Holy Innocents. It consists of two stanzas taken from the Hymnus Epiphaniae of…
Hail, Holy Queen(SALVE REGINA)Vol. X, p. 1018 SALVE REGINA. — The best known and most popular of the four major Antiphons, recited in honor of the Blessed Virgin at the end of the Canonical Hours. Leo XIII…
Hail, Wounds of Christ(SALVETE CHRISTI VULNERA)Vol. X, p. 1019 «SALVETE CHRISTI VULNERA». – Hymn of Lauds for the feast of the Most Precious Blood (v.), by an unknown author of the eighteenth century (cf. U. Chevalier,…
Haimen, Diocese of(HAIMEN, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 789 HAIMEN, DIOCESE of. — It is situated in east-central China, north of the Blue River. It was erected as an apostolic vicariate on 11 August 1926, with territory…
Hainan, Apostolic Prefecture of(HAINAN, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. VI, p. 789 HAINAN, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE. — It comprises the island of the same name between the southern Chinese Sea and the Gulf of Tonkin. It formed part of the…
Haine, AntoineVol. VI, p. 789 HAINE, ANTOINE. — A predominantly moral theologian, b. in Antwerp on 26 September 1815, honorary professor at the University of Louvain, d. there on 11…
Haiphong, Apostolic Vicariate of(HAIPHONG, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. VI, p. 789 HAIPHONG, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE. — On 13 December 1924, the former designation of Eastern Tonkin was changed to the present one. Located in north-eastern Tonkin,…
Hairshirt(CILICIO)Vol. III, p. 938 CILICIO. - A rough cloth, woven with goat’s or camel’s hair. It was called cilicium by the Latins because it came especially from Cilicia, on whose mountains…
HaitiVol. VI, p. 789 HAITI. - I. GEOGRAPHY. - A mountainous, extremely fertile island, situated between Cuba and Puerto Rico; it has an area of 76,420 sq. km. and is the second of…
Haito (Hatto)Vol. VI, p. 791 HAITO (HATTO). - Bishop of Basel, born into a noble Swabian family in 763. At the age of five he was received into the monastery of Reichenau, where he made…
Hajdúdorog(HAJDUDOROGH)Vol. VI, p. 791 HAJDUDOROGH. - A large town in the north-east of the Hungarian plain, where in 1873 the Ruthenian bishop of Mukacevo established an episcopal vicariate for the…
Hajjūgh, Jērudhāh ben DāwīdhVol. VI, p. 791 HAJJŪGH, JĒRUDHĀH BEN DĀWĪDH. — Jewish grammarian of the 10th century, regarded as the first expositor of Hebrew grammar. Very little is known about his life…
Halakhah (from Halakh 'to walk')(HĀLĀKHĀH (DA HĀLAKH «CAMMINARE»))Vol. VI, p. 791 HĀLĀKHĀH (from hālakh “to walk”). - In rabbinic language, it is the established norm that must be followed in religious-juridical practice; it is a norm…
Halifax, Archdiocese of(HALIFAX, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 792 HALIFAX, ARCHDIOCESE OF. — City and archdiocese in Canada (North America). On 15 February 1842, Pope Gregory XVI erected the diocese of H., separating it from…
Halifax, Charles Lindley Wood, Viscount of(HALIFAX, CHARLES LINDLEY WOOD, VISCONTE DI)Vol. VI, p. 792 HALIFAX, CHARLES LINDLEY WOOD, Viscount.—English politician, born on 7 June 1839 in London, died on 19 January 1934 at Doncaster, Hickleton Hall. From his…
Hallahan, MargaretVol. VI, p. 792 HALLAHAN, MARGARET. - A religious of the Dominican Third Order, b. in London of Irish parents on 23 Jan. 1802; d. 11 May 1868. Orphaned of her father and…
Hallel(HALLĒL)Vol. VI, p. 792 HALLĒL. — A rabbinic term meaning “hymn, praise” (Hebr. hallēl “to praise,” whence alleluia [v.]), used to designate groups of Psalms for liturgical purposes.…
Haller, Albrecht vonVol. VI, p. 793 HALLER, ALBRECHT von. - Writer and scientist, b. in Berne on 16 Oct. 1708, d. there on 12 Dec. 1777. An eminent anatomist and physiologist, he also concerned…
Haller, JohannesVol. VI, p. 793 HALLER, JOHANNES. - Protestant historian, b. 16 October 1865 at Keinis (Estonia), d. 17 January 1948 at Tubinga. Having completed his university studies at…
Haller, Karl LudwigVol. VI, p. 793 HALLER, KARL LUDWIG. - Historian and jurist, b. in Bern on 1 Aug. 1768; d. in Solothurn on 21 May 1854. Professor of law at the University of Bern, after a…
Haller, LeonhardVol. VI, p. 793 HALLER, LEONHARD. - Theologian, born at Nuremberg at the beginning of the 16th century and died at Eichstätt on 23 March 1570. He exercised the priestly…
Haller, MichaelVol. VI, p. 793 HALLER, MICHAEL. — Composer and theorist, b. at Neusath on 13 January 1840, d. at Ratisbona on 4 January 1915. Having entered the Seminary of that city, he was…
Hallerstein, Augustin vonVol. VI, p. 793 HALLERSTEIN, AUGUSTIN von. — Jesuit, missionary, and astronomer, born at Lubiana on 27 August 1703, died at Peking on 29 October 1774. Already during his…
Hallesism(HALLESISMO)Vol. VI, p. 794 HALLESISMO. — The Genoese merchant Agostino Maria Trucco (1865–1940) called Hallesint (from Halles = food markets, and int = international) a project of his…
Hallucination(ALLUCINAZIONE)Vol. I, p. 552 ALLUCINAZIONE. - A purely subjective perception, corresponding to no external objective reality; the individual projects outside himself the images existing in…
Ham (Heb. Hām, Vulgar Chām)(CAM (EBR. HĀM, VOLGAN CHĀM))Vol. III, p. 264 CAM (Hebrew Hām, Volgan Chām). — One of the three sons of Noah (Shem, C. and Iapheth, Gen. 5:32; 6:10; 9:18; I Par. 1:4) saved from the flood (Gen. 8:18), from…
Hamann, Johann GeorgVol. VI, p. 794 HAMANN, JOHANN GEORG. – Philosopher, born at Königsberg on 27 August 1730, died at Münster on 21 June 1788. After a disordered youth, his reading of the Bible…
Hamelin, OctaveVol. VI, p. 797 HAMELIN, OCTAVE. - Philosopher, born at Lion d'Angers (Maine-et-Loire) on 22 July 1856; died at Hucker (Landes) on 8 Sept. 1907 in a generous attempt at…
Hamelinus of Verulamium(HAMELINUS DI VERULAMIUM)Vol. VI, p. 797 HAMELINUS of VERULAMIUM. — A Benedictine, he died around 1110; he was a disciple of b. Lanfranco and prior (around 1093) of the abbey of St. Albans…
Hamheung, Apostolic Vicariate of(HAM-HEUNG, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. VI, p. 797 HAM-HEUNG, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. — Situated in northwestern Korea, it faces the Gulf of Eastern Korea. It has an area of 49,375 sq. km. and a population of…
Hamilton, AlexanderVol. VI, p. 797 HAMILTON, ALEXANDER. – American statesman, b. on the island of Nevis (Antilles) on 11 January 1757, d. in New York on 12 July 1804. Of precocious talent, he…
Hamilton, Diocese of(HAMILTON, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 797 HAMILTON, DIOCESI di. - City and diocese in Canada (North America). This locality was erected into a diocese on 17 February 1856, by dismemberment from the…
Hamilton, WilliamVol. VI, p. 798 HAMILTON, WILLIAM. – Philosopher, born in Glasgow on 8 March 1788, died in Edinburgh on 6 May 1856. After studying in his native city and at Oxford, he was…
Hammurabi (Hammurapi)Vol. VI, p. 798 HAMMURABI (HAMMURAPI). – Sixth king of the first Babylonian dynasty, son of Sin-muballi; he reigned for 43 years. I. LIFE. — Babylon, under the first dynasty,…
Hamon, André-Jean-MarieVol. VI, p. 800 HAMON, ANDRÉ-JEAN-MARIE. - Sulpician, theologian, and preacher, b. at Le Pas (Mayenne) on 18 May 1795, d. at Paris on 16 Dec. 1874. Professor of theology at…
Hamon, AugusteVol. VI, p. 800 HAMON, AUGUSTE. - Jesuit, writer on asceticism, b. at St-Père-en-Retz (Loire-Inférieure) on 2 Jan. 1860, d. at Paris on 26 June 1939. Professor of literature…
Hamontanus (Kalkbrenner), Gérard(HAMONTANUS (KALKEBRENNER), GÉRARD)Vol. VI, p. 800 HAMONTANUS (KALKEBRENNER), GÉRARD. - Carthusian, b. at Hamont (Brabant) at the beginning of the 16th century, d. at Cologne on 2 Aug. 1566. After having been a…
Han, UldericoVol. VI, p. 800 HAN, ULDERICO. - German printer, native of Ingolstadt, d. in Rome before 1480. His activity was carried on in Rome from 1467 to 1471, then from that year until…
Hanafite, Rite(HANAFITA, RITO)Vol. VI, p. 801 HANAFITA, RITO : v. ABŪ HANIFA.
Hanani (Hebrew: Hānānī)(HANANI (EBRAICO: HĀNĀNĪ))Vol. VI, p. 801 HANANI (Hebrew: Hānānī). - 1. A prophet who reproached King Asa for his lack of trust in God when, against Baasha king of Israel (910–887), he invoked the aid…
Hanbali, Rite(HANBALITA, RITO)Vol. VI, p. 801 HANBALITA, RITO. — One of the four great schools, or rites, or juridical systems of orthodox Islam, deriving from the jurist and theologian Ahmad b. Hanbal…
Hanchung, Diocese of(HANCHUNG, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 801 HANCHUNG, DIOCESE OF. — It is situated in northern China, in the southwestern part of the civil province of Shensi. It was erected as an apostolic vicariate on…
Handel, Georg Friedrich(HÄNDEL, GEORG FRIEDRICH)Vol. VI, p. 801 HÄNDEL, GEORG FRIEDRICH. - Musician, b. at Halle on Feb. 23, 1685, d. in London on Apr. 14, 1759. (courtesy of Dr. B. Degenhart) contemporary engraving by…
Handmaids Conceptionist Of The Divine Heart(ANCELLE CONCEZIONISTE DEL DIVIN CUORE)Vol. I, p. 713 ANCELLE CONCEZIONISTE del DIVIN CUORE. – Several pious ladies of the Conference of S. Vincenzo de' Paoli in Seville were called to Coria by their spiritual…
Handmaids Of Charity(ANCELLE DELLA CARITÀ)Vol. I, p. 712 SISTERS OF CHARITY. – Religious institute founded in Brescia by Blessed Maria Crocifissa Di Rosa in 1840 for the instruction and education of young people in…
Handmaids Of Mary Or Of The Immaculate Conception(ANCELLE DI MARIA O DELL'IMMACOLATA CONCEZIONE)Vol. I, p. 713 HANDMAIDS of MARY or of the IMMACULATE CONCEPTION. — An institute derived from that of the Handmaids of the Immaculate Conception (v. sopra) and becoming sui…
Handmaids Of The Immaculate Conception Of The Blessed Virgin Mary(ANCELLE DELL'IMMACOLATA CONCEZIONE DELLA BEATA MARIA VERGINE)Vol. I, p. 713 HANDMAIDS OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY. — A religious institute that originated in 1850 through the work of a pious and noble…
Handmaids Of The Immaculate Heart Of Mary(ANCELLE DEL CUORE IMMACOLATO DI MARIA)Vol. I, p. 713 SISTERS OF THE IMMACULATE HEART OF MARY. – A religious institute that originated in 1845 at Monroe, in the diocese of Detroit, in the United States, through…
Handmaids Of The Immaculate Heart Of Mary(ANCELLE DELL'IMMACOLATO CUORE DI MARIA)Vol. I, p. 713 ANCELLE dell'IMMACOLATO CUORE DI MARIA. – A religious institute founded at Lerida in Spain in 1862 by Speranza Gonzales y Puig for the re-education of wayward…
Handmaids Of The Immaculate, Protectresses Of Working Women(ANCELLE DELL'IMMACOLATA PROTETTRICI DELLE OPERAIE)Vol. I, p. 713 HANDMAIDS OF THE IMMACULATE, PROTECTRESSES OF WOMEN WORKERS. – This institute, founded in Valenza, Spain, by Giovanna Maria Condesa for the protection and…
Handmaids Of The Infant Jesus(ANCELLE DEL BAMBIN GESÙ)Vol. I, p. 712 ANCELLE del BAMBIN GESÙ. – Religious congregation founded in Vrhosna (Sarajevo) in 1890 by two local priests for the education of orphans, the relief of…
Handmaids Of The Infant Jesus(ANCELLE DI GESÙ BAMBINO)Vol. I, p. 713 ANCELLE di GESÙ BAMBINO. – Institute of nuns founded in Venice by Elena Silvestri, assisted by her sister Annunziata, in 1884. The constitutions were approved…
Handmaids Of The Sacred Heart Of Jesus(ANCELLE DEL SACRO CUORE DI GESÙ)Vol. I, p. 713 ANCELLE del SACRO CUORE DI GESÙ. – A female religious institute founded in Naples in 1874 by the ven. Caterina Volpicelli. The sisters devote themselves to the…
Handmaids Of The Sanctuary(ANCELLE DEL SANTUARIO)Vol. I, p. 714 ANCELLE del SANTUARIO. — Religious institute founded in Piacenza in 1882 through the efforts of Mgr Santo Giuseppe Masnini de Cornati, with the approval of…
Handmaids Repairers Of The Sacred Heart Of Jesus(ANCELLE RIPARATRICI DEL SACRO CUORE DI GESÙ)Vol. I, p. 713 HANDMAIDS OF REPARATION OF THE SACRED HEART OF JESUS. – A religious institute founded in Messina in 1918 by Maria Anna Palermo, assisted by the canon Antonino…
Haneburg, Daniel Bonifatius(HANEBERG, DANIEL BONIFATIUS)Vol. VI, p. 802 HANEBERG, DANIEL BONIFATIUS. - Bishop, b. at Lenzfried (Bavaria) on 16 June 1816, d. at Speyer on 31 May 1876. After studying philology and theology at the…
Hangzhou, Archdiocese of(HANGCHOW, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 802 HANGCHOW, ARCHDIOCESE of. — The civil province of Chekiang, in east-central China, until 14 August 1838 formed part, together with the provinces of Kiangsi and…
Hankou, Archdiocese of(HANKOW, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 803 HANKOW, ARCHDIOCESE of. — The apostolic vicariate of Hupeh, which from 2 April 1856 comprised the whole of the civil province of the same name in central…
Hannibal(ANNIBALE)Vol. I, p. 395 ANNIBALE. - Cardinal, b. at Urbino in 1682, d. at Rome in 1751. Brother of Alessandro and nephew of Clemente XI, after having been a canon of S. Pietro and…
Hannolieth(HANNOLIED)Vol. VI, p. 803 HANNOLIED : v. ANNONE.
Hanoi, Apostolic Vicariate of(HANOI, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. VI, p. 803 HANOI, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. — It is located in south-western Tonkin (Viet-nam) and has an area of 4,600 sq km. Following the division of the apostolic…
Hanotaux, Gabriel-Albert-AugusteVol. VI, p. 804 HANOTAUX, GABRIEL-ALBERT-AUGUSTE. — Politician and writer, born in Beaurevoir (Aisne) on 19 November 1853, died in Paris on 11 April 1944. He taught at the…
Hanxleden, Johann ErnstVol. VI, p. 804 HANXLEDEN, JOHANN ERNST. — Indologist, born in 1681 at Osterkappeln (Germany), died on 21 March 1732 at Palur (India). He entered the Society of Jesus on 30…
Hanyang, Diocese of(HANYANG, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 804 HANYANG, DIOCESE of. - In central China, in the province of Hupeh, erected as an apostolic prefecture on 12 Dec. 1923 by division of the apostolic vicariate of…
HaomaVol. VI, p. 804 HAOMA: v. IRAN, RELIGIONE dell'.
HaranVol. VI, p. 804 HARAN. - A most ancient city of north-western Mesopotamia. It was called Harrānu by the Assyrians, Kāppai by the Greeks, Carrae or Carrhae by the Romans, and…
Haran (Vulgate Aram; Septuagint Ἀρράν, Hebrew Hārān "Mountaineer")(ARAN (COSÌ LA VOLGATA; SETTANTA 'APPÉY, EBR. HÂRÂN «MONTANARO»))Vol. I, p. 1048 ARAN (thus in the Vulgate; Septuagint 'Appéy, Heb. Hârân “mountaineer”). — Son of Thare and brother of Abramo and Nachor. Gen. 11:26–29 mentions him in third…
Harar, Apostolic Vicariate of(HARAR, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. VI, p. 805 HARAR, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE. — It is situated in eastern Ethiopia, on the borders of French, British, and Italian Somaliland. Erected on 4 May 1846 under the…
Harbin in Manchuria(HARBIN IN MANCIURIA)Vol. VI, p. 805 HARBIN in MANCHURIA. – Seat of the apostolic exarch for the Russians of the Byzantine rite and for all the faithful of the Eastern rite residing in China. The…
Harbor Grace, Diocese of(HARBOR GRACE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 805 HARBOR GRACE, DIOCESE of. — City and diocese on the island of Newfoundland, erected by Pope Pius IX on 10 February 1856. It comprises the bays of Conception,…
Harcourt, François-Eugène-Gabriel, Duke of(HARCOURT, FRANÇOIS-EUGÈNE-GABRIEL, DUCA D')Vol. VI, p. 805 HARCOURT, FRANÇOIS-EUGÈNE-GABRIEL, Duke of. - French diplomat, b. 22 Aug. 1786 at Jouy-en-Josas (Seine-et-Oise), d. 2 May 1865 in Paris. Having entered the…
Hardouin, JeanVol. VI, p. 805 HARDOUIN, JEAN. – French Jesuit scholar, born in Quimper on 22 December 1646, died in Paris on 3 September 1729. He taught positive theology, but successfully…
Hardy, ThomasVol. VI, p. 806 HARDY, THOMAS. - English novelist and poet, b. at Upper Bockhampton on 2 June 1850 and d. at Dorchester on 11 Jan. 1928. The practice of architecture, to which…
Harlay de Champvallon, François deVol. VI, p. 806 HARLAY DE CHAMPVALLON, FRANÇOIS de. – French prelate, born on 14 August 1625 in Paris, died on 6 August 1695 in Conflans. Archbishop of Rouen in 1651, he was…
Harmel, Léon-Pierre-LouisVol. VI, p. 806 HARMEL, LÉON-PIERRE-LOUIS. — Catholic industrialist, implementer and advocate of social reforms, born at Neuville-les-Wesigny (Ardenne) on 17 February 1829,…
Harmony of Religion with Civilization(ARMONIA (L') DELLA RELIGIONE CON LA CIVILTÀ)Vol. I, p. 1171 ARMONIA (L') DELLA RELIGIONE CON LA CIVILTÀ. – Catholic journal of combat, founded in Turin in 1848. In fact directed by the priest Giacomo Margotti, the paper…
Harnack, Adolf vonVol. VI, p. 807 HARNACK, ADOLF von. — Protestant theologian. Born in Dorpat (Livonia) on 7 May 1851, died in Heidelberg on 10 June 1930. Professor at Giessen, Marburg and,…
Harosheth(HAROSETH)Vol. VI, p. 807 HAROSETH. - A symbolic fruit compote, used in the Jewish Passover meal. The Mišnah prescribes (Pōšāhîm, II, 8; X, 3) that for the Passover meal a pulp or…
Harp(ARPA)Vol. II, p. 31 ARPA. — Legendary tales recount the obscure, most ancient origin of the harp. Egyptian monuments depict harps variously adorned, which were perfected over…
Harpsichord(CEMBALO)Vol. III, p. 751 CYMBAL. — From the Greek κόμβαλον, Latin cymbalum. A very ancient instrument, most probably of Oriental origin, consisting of two round, flat or convex metal…
Harput (Kharput), Diocese of(KARPUT (KHARPUT), DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 417 KARPUT (KHARPUT), DIOCESE of. — City of the fourth Armenia, in the district of Hantzit (Arzitene), in Turkey. The Mechitarists were the first to bring…
Harrach, Ernst AdalbertVol. VI, p. 807 HARRACH, ERNST ADALBERT. – Count, cardinal, born on 4 November 1598 in Vienna, died there on 25 October 1667. After studying at the Jesuit College of Neuhause…
Harrington, JamesVol. VI, p. 807 HARRINGTON, JAMES. - English political writer, b. at Upton in January 1611, d. at Westminster on 11 September 1677. He spent a long time in Holland and…
Harris, James RendelVol. VI, p. 808 HARRIS, JAMES RENDEL. – English archaeologist, b. at Plymouth in 1852, d. at Birmingham on 1 March 1941. From 1882 to 1892 he was professor at Johns Hopkins…
Harrisburg, Diocese of(HARRISBURG, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 808 HARRISBURG, DIOCESI di. - City and diocese in the State of Pennsylvania in the United States of America. The diocese was created on 3 March 1868 by Pope Pius…
Hartford, Diocese of(HARTFORD, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 808 HARTFORD, DIOCESE of. - City and diocese in the State of Connecticut in the United States of America, founded by Gregorio XVI on 18 Sept. 1843. The diocese…
Hartley, DavidVol. VI, p. 808 HARTLEY, DAVID. - Philosopher, born at Armley (Yorkshire) on 30 Aug. 1705, died at Bath on 28 Aug. 1757. A notable representative of the materialist current of…
Hartmann von Aue(HARTMANN VON DER AUE)Vol. VI, p. 809 HARTMANN von der AUE. — German poet, b. ca. 1170, d. between 1210 and 1220. Through him, much of what the French spirit had reworked flowed into Germany,…
Hartmann, AnastasiusVol. VI, p. 808 HARTMANN, ANASTASIUS. — Titular Bishop of Derbe, born on 24 February 1803 at Altwis (Hitzkirch, Lucerne), he entered the Capuchin novitiate at Baden (Aargau)…
Hartmann, Eduard vonVol. VI, p. 809 HARTMANN, EDUARD von. – Philosopher, born in Berlin on 23 February 1842, died on 5 June 1906 in the suburb of Gross-Lichterfelde, where he lived in meditation…
Hartmann, Felix vonVol. VI, p. 809 HARTMANN, FELIX von. — Cardinal, archbishop of Cologne, b. at Münster in Westphalia on 15 December 1851, d. at Cologne on 11 November 1919. Ordained a priest…
Hartmannus of Saint Gall(HARTMANNUS DI SAN GALLO)Vol. VI, p. 810 HARTMANNUS of SAN GALLO. - Benedictine, master in the abbey of S. Gallo, of which he became abbot in 924. He was a disciple of Notkero Balbulo and is mentioned…
Haruspicy(ARUSPICINA)Vol. II, p. 68 ARUSPICINA. - It is the body of doctrines of the haruspices, intended to interpret the will of the gods through the examination of the entrails of sacrificial…
Hasideans(ASIDEI)Vol. II, p. 108 ASIDEI. – “Pious” men of Judaism in the Maccabean and Hasmonean period. The Hebr. ḥāsidhim, “pious” (in the Septuagint 'Aou82[6]os), occurs frequently in the…
Hasidism («Pietism»)(HASIDHISMO («PIETISMO»))Vol. VI, p. 810 HASIDHISM («Pietism»). — Religious movement founded by Rabbi Jisra'el Ba'al Šem Tōbh (1699–1760). The epithet “master of the good name” indicates one who knows…
Hasmoneans (Hebrew Ḥašmānīm; Latin Hasmonae)(ASMONEI (EBR. ḤAŠMĀNĪM; LAT. HASMONAE))Vol. II, p. 116 ASMONEI (Heb. Ḥašmānīm; Lat. Hasmonae). - The name by which Flavius Josephus and later Jewish writers designated the dynasty of the descendants of the…
Haspinger, JoachimVol. VI, p. 810 HASPINGER, JOACHIM. - Capuchin and noted Tyrolean patriot, b. at S. Martino Casies on 27 Oct. 1776, d. at Salzburg on 11 Jan. 1858. As priest and soldier he…
Hasse, Johannes AdolphVol. VI, p. 811 HASSE, JOHANNES ADOLPH. - Musician, b. at Bergedorf on 25 March 1699, d. at Venice on 16 Dec. 1783. After completing his studies at Hamburg, in 1721 he was…
Hassler, Franz LeoVol. VI, p. 811 HASSLER, FRANZ LEO. – Organist and composer, born in Nuremberg in 1564, died in Frankfurt am Main on 8 June 1612. He studied in Venice with A. Gabrielli and,…
Hassun, AntonioVol. VI, p. 811 HASSUN, ANTONIO. — Cardinal and Catholic Armenian patriarch of Cilicia from 1866 to 1880, born in Constantinople on 1 June 1809, died in Rome on 28 February…
Hatto of Milan(ATTONE DI MILANO)Vol. II, p. 233 ATTONE of MILANO. - Cardinal of the title of S. Marco and archbishop of Milano in the second half of the 11th century, he was obliged to abandon his see…
Hauck, AlbertVol. VI, p. 811 HAUCK, ALBERT. - Protestant Church historian, b. at Wassertrüdingen (Franconia) on 9 Dec. 1845, d. at Leipzig on 7 Apr. 1918. Pastor at Frankenheim (1874-78),…
Hauptmann, MoritzVol. VI, p. 812 HAUPTMANN, MORITZ. – Theorist and composer, b. in Dresden on 13 October 1792, d. in Leipzig on 3 January 1868. After profound and thorough studies, in 1812 he…
Hauranne, JeanVol. VI, p. 812 HAURANNE, JEAN: v. SAINT-CYRAN, JEAN DU VERGIER DE HAURANNE, abbot.
HaurvatatVol. VI, p. 812 HAURVATAT: v. AMEŠA SPENTA.
Hauréau, Barthélemy(HAUREAU, BARTHÉLEMY)Vol. VI, p. 812 HAUREAU, BARTHÉLEMY. — Historian and man of letters, born in Paris on 8 November 1812, died there on 29 April 1896. He moved from journalism to scholarly…
Haussonville, Joseph-Othenin-Bernard de Cléron, Count of(HAUSSONVILLE, JOSEPH-OTHENIN-BERNARD DE CLÉRON, CONTE DI)Vol. VI, p. 812 HAUSSONVILLE, JOSEPH-OTHENIN-BERNARD DE CLÉRON, conte di. - French politician and writer, b. 27 May 1809 in Paris, d. there 27 May 1884. Having entered the…
Hautecombe(HAUTE-COMBE)Vol. VI, p. 812 HAUTE-COMBE. - The Cistercian abbey of H.-C., on the left bank of Lake Bourget (Savoy), founded in 1125 by Amedeo III di Savoia, thereafter served as the…
Hautecombe, Abbey of(ALTACOMBA, ABBAZIA DI)Vol. I, p. 557 ALTACOMBA, ABBAZIA di: v. HAUTECOMBE.
HauteserreVol. VI, p. 812 HAUTESERRE: v. DADIN D'HAUTESERRE.
Havana, Diocese of(HABANA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 783 HABANA, DIOCESE of: v. SAN CRISTOFORO dell'AVANA, DIOCESI di.
Havet, Auguste-ErnestVol. VI, p. 813 HAVET, AUGUSTE-ERNEST. - French scholar and philosopher, b. in Paris on 11 April 1813, d. there on 21 Dec. 1889. The theories contained in some of his works,…
Hawarden, EdwardVol. VI, p. 813 HAWARDEN, EDWARD. - English theologian and controversialist, b. at Croxteth (Lancashire) on 9 Apr. 1662, d. in London on 23 Apr. 1735. He was a student and,…
Hawthorne, NathanielVol. VI, p. 813 HAWTHORNE, NATHANIEL. – American novelist, born in Salem (Indiana) on 4 July 1804, died in Plymouth (New Hampshire) on 19 May 1864. He began his journalistic…
Hay, JohnVol. VI, p. 813 HAY, JOHN. - Scottish Jesuit theologian, b. at Dalgety (Fifeshire) in 1546, d. at Pont-à-Mousson on 21 May 1607. He soon became known for his polemics on the…
Haydn, JosephVol. VI, p. 813 HAYDN, JOSEPH. – Musician, born at Rohrau (Lower Austria) on 31 March 1732, died in Vienna on 31 May 1809. Having entered in 1745 as a choirboy in the choir of…
Hayez, FrancescoVol. VI, p. 814 HAYEZ, FRANCESCO. - Painter, b. in Venezia on 11 February 1791, d. in Milano on 11 February 1882. A pupil of Lattanzio Quarena and, at the Academy, of Teodoro…
Haynald, LudwigVol. VI, p. 814 HAYNALD, LUDWIG. — Cardinal, born 3 October 1816 at Szécsény (archdiocese of Strigonia), died 4 July 1891 at Kalocza. Descended from a noble family, after…
Hayneufve, JulienVol. VI, p. 814 HAYNEUFVE, JULIEN. — Jesuit, writer on ascetical theology, one of the most distinguished masters of the spiritual life in the 17th century, born at Laval on 3…
Haze, Marie-ThérèseVol. VI, p. 815 HAZE, MARIE-THÉRÈSE. - Foundress of the Congregation of the Daughters of the Cross for the education of the children of the people, b. at Liegi on 27 Feb.…
Hazor (Hebrew Ḥāṣōr)(ASOR (EBR. ḤĀṢŌR))Vol. II, p. 117 ASOR (Heb. Ḥāṣōr). - Name of various localities in ancient Palestine. 1. Canaanite stronghold, which Joshua captured and burned (Ios. 11, 1. 10. 13), called…
Haüy, René-JustVol. VI, p. 812 HAÜY, RENÉ-JUST. - Priest, b. at St-Just (Oise) on 28 Feb. 1743, d. at Paris on 3 June 1822. An eminent crystallographer and mineralogist, he must be regarded…
Hearst, Diocese of(HEARST, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 815 HEARST, DIOCESI di. – City and diocese in Canada, situated in the northern part of the province of Ontario. Its boundaries are: to the north, the new Apostolic…
Heaven, Cult of(CIELO, CULTO DEL)Vol. III, p. 933 HEAVEN, CULT of. - In the various religions, heaven can be of considerable importance above all for three reasons: it may be conceived as a divinity; it may…
HebalVol. VI, p. 815 HEBAL. – Mountain (938 m) north of the valley of Sichem, where Joshua, after entering the Promised Land, erected stelae and inscribed on them a copy of the…
Hebbel, FriedrichVol. VI, p. 815 HEBBEL, FRIEDRICH. — German dramatist, born at Wesselburen, in Holstein, on 18 March 1813, died in Vienna on 13 December 1863. He lived in difficult…
HeberVol. VI, p. 815 HEBER. - A name of the Old Testament, corresponding to two Hebrew forms: 'Ebher and Hebher. 1. 'Ebher. Grandson of Arphazad, son of Sem, progenitor of Abramo…
Hebrew Poetry(POESIA EBRAICA)Vol. IX, p. 991 HEBREW POETRY. — Among the protocanonical books of the Old Testament, the following are entirely composed in poetic form: Job (except 1–2 and 42:7–16), Psalms,…
Hebrews(EBREI)Vol. V, p. 29 EBREI. - The people descended from Abramo and Giacobbe, chosen by God through a particular “covenant,” in preparation for the economy of universal salvation.…
Hebrews, Epistle to the(EBREI, EPISTOLA AGLI)Vol. V, p. 35 HEBREWS, EPISTLE TO. — The final (14th) letter in the Pauline epistolary collection, addressed, according to most scholars, to Jewish Christians. In various…
Hebrews, Gospel According to the(EBREI, VANGELO SECONDO GLI)Vol. V, p. 39 EBREI, VANGELO secondo gli. — An apocryphon that arose in a Judeo-Christian milieu. It is debated whether it should be identified with other apocryphal gospels…
Hebron (Hebrew: Hebrōn «Union, league»; Septuagint: Χέβρων)(HEBRON (EBR., HEBRHŌN « UNIONE, LEGA »; SETTANTA, ΧΈΒΡΩΝ))Vol. VI, p. 815 HEBRON (Hebr., Hebrhōn “union, league”; Septuagint, Χέβρων).—A city situated in the mountains of Judah, 37 km south of Jerusalem. In ancient times it was…
Hecker, Isaac ThomasVol. VI, p. 816 HECKER, ISAAC THOMAS. — Preacher, publicist, founder of the Paulists, born to German emigrants in New York on 18 December 1819, died there on 22 December 1888.…
HedherVol. VI, p. 816 HEDHER. – Hebrew word (plur. ḥadharim), originally meaning “room”; it later came to mean, especially among the Jews of Eastern Europe, the elementary school…
Hedley, John CuthbertVol. VI, p. 816 HEDLEY, JOHN CUTHBERT. – Benedictine bishop, in the world John Edward, born to Catholic parents at Morpeth (Northumberland) on 15 April 1837, died at…
Hedonism(EDONISMO)Vol. V, p. 78 HEDONISM. - From Greek ἠδονή, pleasure, enjoyment, it is, in the generic sense, every doctrine that makes pleasure, however understood, the norm and ultimate…
Hedwig of Silesia, Saint(EDVIGE DI SLESIA, SANTA)Vol. V, p. 88 EDVIGE di SLESIA, saint. — Duchess of Silesia, b. at Andechs (Bavaria) in 1174, d. at Trebnitz on 15 October 1243. Her father was Bertoldo di Andechs, count of…
Hefele, Karl Joseph vonVol. VI, p. 817 HEFELE, KARL JOSEPH VON. — Bishop and Church historian, born on 15 March 1809 at Unterkochen (Württemberg), died at Rottenburg on 5 June 1893. For 32 years…
Hegel, Georg Friedrich WilhelmVol. VI, p. 817 HEGEL, GEORG FRIEDRICH WILHELM. — He is the principal representative of modern idealism: born in Stuttgart on 24 August 1770, died in Berlin on 14 November…
Hegemony(EGEMONIO)Vol. V, p. 107 EGEMONIO: V. ACTA ARCHELAI.
Hegesippus(EGESIPPO)Vol. V, p. 108 EGESIPPO. — He came to Rome from Palestine by way of Corinth under Pope Anicetus (in the time of Marcus Aurelius) (Eusebius, Hist. eccl., IV, 22, 3). Author of…
Hegira(EGIRA)Vol. V, p. 112 EGIRA. - From the Arabic hijrah, “emigration.” It designates the emigration of the prophet Maometto (v.) from Mecca to Medina; with it the Muslim era begins.…
Hegumen(EGUMENO)Vol. V, p. 136 EGUMENO: v. MONACHISMO.
Heidelberger, Catechism of(HEIDELBERGER, CATECHISMO DI)Vol. VI, p. 821 HEIDELBERGER, CATECHISMO di: v. CONFESSIONI di FEDE PROTESTANTI.
Heidenstam, Karl Gustaf Verner vonVol. VI, p. 821 HEIDENSTAM, KARL GUSTAF VERNER von. – Swedish poet and writer, b. at Olshammar on 6 July 1859, d. in Stockholm on 20 May 1940. He was largely responsible for…
HeiligenkreuzVol. VI, p. 821 HEILIGENKREUZ. - A Cistercian abbey in Lower Austria, in the diocese of Vienna; since 1880 it has been united with the abbey of Neukloster, at Wiener-Neustadt…
Heilsbronn, Monastery of(HEILSBROWN, MONACO DI)Vol. VI, p. 821 HEILSBROWN, MONACO di. - Under this name a collection of ascetic works has been handed down, produced by an anonymous Cistercian monk of the abbey of H., near…
Heimbuher, Maximilian Joseph(HEIMBUCHER, MAXIMILIAN JOSEPH)Vol. VI, p. 821 HEIMBUCHER, MAXIMILIAN JOSEPH. — Apologist and historian, born in Miesbach (Bavaria) on 10 June 1856, died there on 24 August 1946. Professor of apologetics…
Heimburg, Gregor vonVol. VI, p. 822 HEIMBURG, GREGOR von. — Politician and jurist, defender of the conciliar theory, determined opponent of the Roman Curia. Born at the beginning of the 15th…
Heinbuche von Langenstein, Heinrich (Heinrich von Hessen)Vol. VI, p. 822 HEINBUCHE von LANGENSTEIN, HEINRICH (HEINRICH von HESSEN). — German scholar and theologian of the fourteenth century, also known as Heinrich of Heinbuche or…
Heine, HeinrichVol. VI, p. 822 HEINE, HEINRICH. – German poet, born in Düsseldorf on 13 December 1797, died in Paris on 17 February 1856. He studied his first years in his native city and,…
Heinrich, Johann BaptistVol. VI, p. 822 HEINRICH, JOHANN BAPTIST. – Theologian, born in Mainz on 15 April 1816, where he died on 9 February 1891. He studied law in Giessen and obtained his…
Heiricus of Auxerre(ERICO (HEIRICUS) DI AUXERRE)Vol. V, p. 315 ERICO (Heiricus) of Auxerre. — Benedictine scholar, b. in 841, d. in 876. At the age of seven he entered the monastery of S. Germano of Auxerre and attended…
Helena(ELENA)Vol. V, p. 149 HELENA Daughter of Izates, king of Adiabene. Instructed in the Mosaic religion by a Jew who lived at her court (Flavius Josephus, Antiquitates Iudaicae, XX,…
Helena Of Skövde, Saint(ELENA DI SKÖVDEN, SANTA)Vol. V, p. 151 ELENA di SKÖVDEN, saint. – Swedish, died on 1 August 1160 at Skövden (southern Sweden). Of noble family, having been widowed after a few years of marriage, she…
Helena, Diocese of(HELENA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 823 HELENA, DIOCESI di. - City and diocese in the State of Montana, in the United States of America. It comprises the western part of the State of Montana, namely…
