BABEL, TOWER OF. – A structure erected at Balbonia (Babel) for political-religious purposes, and left unfinished (Gen. 11:1-9). The division of humanity into discordant peoples stems from a collective “original sin” (cf. Ps. 2:4): it is a punishment by Jahweh, since the unity of men fostered pride that violated God. The inhabitants of Sennaar (Babylonia) resolved to build, in brick and bitumen, a city dominated by a tower “whose top reaches the heavens; thus we shall make a name for ourselves (šēm, as in 2 Sam. 8:13) and remain united.” The tribes sought to erect a temple tower “very high” (this means “up to the heavens” in number and in Akkadian) to symbolize the unity of their pagan kingdom. Indignant at such titanic pride (cf. Is. 14:13-15), God (Yahweh throughout the passage, which O. Happel, following H. 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carattere etiologico (H. Gunkel, in *Die Religion in Gesch. u. Gegenwart*, V, Tubinga 1931, col. 1325 sg.).