A prophecy of the desolation of the Moabites.
Unexpected ruine shal fal vpon the Moabites: 5. Wherof the Prophet hath compassion.
1The burden of Moab. Because in the night Ar of Moab is laid waste, it is silent: because the wall of Moab is destroyed in the night, it is silent.Annunzio pesante sopra Moab. Perchè in una notte Ar è stata desolata, Moab è rimaso senza parola: perchè in una notte è stata atterrata la muraglia; Moab è rimaso senza parola.THE burden of Moab. Because Ar-Moab was wasted in the night, he hath held his peace: because the wal of Moab is destroyed in the night, he hath held his peace.Onus Moab. Quia nocte vastata est / Ar Moab, conticuit; / quia nocte vastatus est / murus Moab, conticuit. 2The house is gone up, and Dibon to the high places to mourn over Nabo, and over Medaba, Moab hath howled: on all their heads shall be baldness, and every beard shall be shaven.La Casa, e Dibon è salita a' luoghi eccelsi per piangere: Moab getterà urli sopra Nabo, e sopra Medaba. Tutte le teste saranno calve, e rase tutte le barbe.The house is gone vp, & Dibon to the high places to moorne vpon Nabo, and vpon Medaba shal Moab howle: on al the heades therof baldnes, and euerie beard shal be shauen.Ascendit domus, / et Dibon ad excelsa, / in planctum super Nabo; / et super Medaba, Moab ululavit; / in cunctis capitibus ejus calvitium, / et omnis barba radetur. 3In their streets they are girded with sackcloth: on the tops of their houses, and in their streets all shall howl and come down weeping.Vanno per le contrade di lei vestiti di sacco: sopra i tetti di lei, e per le piazze di lei, tutte le loro urla finiscono in lagrime.In the high wayes therof they are girded with sackcloth: vpon the roofes therof, and in the streates therof al howling, goeth downe to weepe.In triviis ejus accincti sunt sacco; / super tecta ejus et in plateis ejus / omnis ululatus descendit in fletum. 4Hesebon shall cry, and Eleale, their voice is heard even to Jasa. For this shall the well appointed men of Moab howl, his soul shall howl to itself.Hesebon, ed Eleale alzeranno le strida; la loro voce si è sentita fino a Jasa: urleranno perciò gli stessi campioni di Moab: l'anima di ciascheduno di essi urlerà sopra di se.Hesebon shal crie, & Elealé, their voice is heard euen to iasa. For this shal the wel appoynted of Moab howle, his soule shal howle to himself.Clamabit Hesebon et Eleale, / usque Jasa audita est vox eorum; / super hoc expediti Moab ululabunt, / anima ejus ululabit sibi. 5My heart shall cry to Moab, the bars thereof shall flee unto Segor a heifer of three years old: for by the ascent of Luith they shall go up weeping: and in the way of Oronaim they shall lift up a cry of destruction.Il mio cuore sospirerà per Moab: i suoi sostenitori (fuggiranno) fino a Segor, vitella di tre anni. Per la salita i Luith salirà ciascheduno piangendo, e per la strada di Oronaim alzeranno le grida.My hart shal crie to Moab, the barres therof vnto Segor an heifer astonishing: for by the ascent of Luith he shal goe vp weeping: & in the way of Oronaim they shal lift vp a crie of contrition.Cor meum ad Moab clamabit; / vectes ejus usque ad Segor, / vitulam conternantem; / per ascensum enim Luith / flens ascendet, / et in via Oronaim / clamorem contritionis levabunt.
6For the waters of Nemrim shall be desolate, for the grass is withered away, the spring is faded, all the greenness is perished.Le acque di Nemrim saranno lasciate a lor discrezione, onde l'erba è seccata, vien meno ogni virgulto, perisce ogni verzura.For the waters of Nemrim shal be made desolate, because the grasse is withered, the spring is faded, al grennes is perished.Aquæ enim Nemrim desertæ erunt, / quia aruit herba, defecit germen, / viror omnis interiit. 7According to the greatness of their work, is their visitation also: they shall lead them to the torrent of the willows.Saran visitati a proporzione della gravezza de' lor misfatti: saran condotti al torrente de' salci.According to the greatnes of the worke, is also their visitation: they shal lead them to the torrent of willowes.Secundum magnitudinem operis, et visitatio eorum: / ad torrentem Salicum ducent eos. 8For the cry is gone round about the border of Moab: the howling thereof unto Gallim, and unto the well of Elim the cry thereof.Le grida si son sentite in giro per tutti i confini di Moab: fino a Gallim le sue urla, e sino al pozzo di Elim i suoi clamori.Because the crie shal goe round about the border of Moab: vnto Gallim the howling therof, and vnto the Pit-Elim the crie therof.Quoniam circuivit clamor terminum Moab; / usque ad Gallim ululatus ejus, / et usque ad puteum Elim clamor ejus. 9For the waters of Dibon are filled with blood: for I will bring more upon Dibon: the lion upon them that shall flee of Moab, and upon the remnant of the land.Perocché le acque di Dibon sono tutte sangue, perchè io una giunta farò venir sopra Dibon, e per quelli, che saranno fuggiti da Moab, e per gli avanzi del paese, manderò un leone.Because the waters of Dibon are replenished with bloud: for I wil pur additions vpon Dibon: the •on for them that shal flee of Moab, and for the remmant of the land.Quia aquæ Dibon repletæ sunt sanguine; / ponam enim super Dibon additamenta; / his qui fugerint de Moab leonem, / et reliquiis terræ.
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Moab. Which would be visited in three years' time (chap. 16:14.) either by Ezechias, or by Sennacherib, though history be silent on this head. The Moabites had been very cruel, Amos 1:and 2:
Calmet
Night. Suddenly. (Calmet)
Worthington
Their misery was so much the greater. (Worthington)
Calmet
Ar. The capital. (Calmet)
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Calmet
House. Protestants, "he is come up to Baiith," (Haydock) or the royal family is gone to the temple of their idol, Chamos, to lament. (St. Jerome) (Menochius) (Calmet)
Shaven. As in mourning, Jeremias 48:37.
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Itself. Every one shall deplore his own distress.
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Worthington
My. A charitable heart will grieve for the misfortune of an enemy. (Worthington)
Calmet
I shall join in the general lamentations, though Moab has always been so great an enemy of Israel. (Calmet)
Haydock
Septuagint, "the heart of Moab cries in itself to Segor." (Haydock)
We will retire thither. (Chaldean)
Bars. Princes. Protestants, "his fugitives shall," etc.
Heifer. Strong and ungovernable. Hebrew, "to Heglath and to Shelishia for," etc., though we may as well adhere to the Vulgate, Septuagint, etc.
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Calmet
Nemrim. Or Nemra, (Numbers 32:3.) to the north of Segor. (Calmet)
St. Jerome
The country around hence became barren. (St. Jerome)
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Willows. That is, as some say, the waters of Babylon; others render it a valley of the Arabians, (Challoner) or "of crows," to which their bodies will be exposed, Isaias 57:6.
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Cry. Of iniquity, or rather of grief.
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Dibon. Septuagint, etc., read, "Dimon," which signifies, "blood." I will give it a better claim to this appellation.
Calmet
Lion. Nabuchodonosor. (Calmet)
Haydock
Septuagint, "I will bring the Arabs up on Dimon, and will take away the seed of Moab, and Ariel, and the remnant of Adama." (Haydock)
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Torrent of the willows.... That is, as some say, the waters of Babylon: others render it, a valley of the Arabians.
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The third commination was against the Moabites.
Destruction made in the night, preuented that they feared not the imminent danger, but so much the more they were afflicted, being sodainly oppressed vvith extreme myserie.
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Iere. 4•. EE•ch. 7.
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Miscrie, euen of armies, moueth a charitable hart to compassion. So the Prophet lamenteth the Moabites afflictiō.
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St Jerome † AD 420 The Letters of St. Jerome 127.12
… nay more famine was beforehand with the sword and but few citizens were left to be made captives. In their frenzy the starving people had recourse to hideous food; and tore each other limb from limb that they might have flesh to eat. Even the mother did not spare the babe at her breast. In the night was Moab taken, in the night did her wall fall down.
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St Jerome † AD 420 The Letters of St. Jerome 108.11
… And here, as she looked down upon the wide solitude and upon the country once belonging to Sodom and Gomorrah, to Admah and Zeboim, she beheld the balsam vines of Engedi and Zoar. By Zoar I mean that “heifer of three years old”
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1. THE BURDEN OF MOAB. — The Chaldean: The burden of the cup of malediction to be given to drink to Moab. Moab is a part of Arabia Petraea, so called from Moab the son of Lot, who with his descendants inhabited it. For when Lot fled from Sodom burning with heavenly fire, and turned into the Dead Sea, his younger daughter made her father drunk, and going to him while drunk conceived from him a son, whom she called Moab, that is from father, as if to say: From my father I have begotten this son, who therefore is to me a son, and at the same time a brother. Moab is adjacent and bounded by the Dead Sea toward the West, toward the East by the Euphrates, toward the North by the torrent Arnon, toward the South by the desert of Cadesbarne and Idumaea. In Moab the metropolis was Ar; the more illustrious cities were Dibon, Nabo, Medaba, Hesebon, Eleale, Luith, Oronaim. In this Arabia Petraea is the spacious city Mecca, distant a three days' journey from the Red Sea, in which is the famous temple of Mahomet, one hundred paces long, eighty wide, which is supported by four hundred columns: and its walls on all sides are covered with gold, which when they receive the light of hanging lamps, always burning to the number of three thousand, strike the eyes of those beholding with wonderful splendor, as Adrichomius relates from Bochart, Bredenbach, Ludovico Romano and others, page 78. Moab was fertile, being near the most fertile Pentapolis, and abounding both in grain and especially in cattle, says St. Jerome. Hence the inhabitants, given over to luxury and lust, worshipped in their banquets and wantonness Chamos or Bacchus, as I said in Jeremiah xlviii, 7. Again the Moabites were enemies of the people of God, namely the Jews, and often harassed them: hence God threatens them here with destruction, either through Sennacherib, as St. Jerome and Cyrillus wish; or rather through Nebuchadnezzar, says the same St. Jerome, Cyrillus, St. Thomas, Haymo, Dionysius. For it is not clear from Holy Scripture, Josephus, or other historians that Moab was devastated by Sennacherib; but that this was done by Nebuchadnezzar is established, in Jeremiah xlviii, where Jeremiah threatens the Moabites with destruction in almost the same words which Isaiah uses here. Whence it appears that Isaiah speaks of the same destruction as Jeremiah, namely that inflicted by the Chaldeans: for the calamity of Sennacherib, if any there was, occurred long before the time of Jeremiah; hence it could not have been predicted by him. What is said in this chapter is obscure to us, both because the cities which are named in it have long since perished, and we do not know precisely where they were situated; and because Scripture does not describe the manner of the devastation of Moab. Mystically St. Bernard, in the tract On the Eleven Burdens, sermon 3, proceeds thus: "The burden of Moab is added; which is interpreted, from father. It expresses that natural necessity which the father transmits through generation to the son; such as is the unavoidable necessity of eating, drinking, sleeping, and other things which pertain to the necessary care of the body. What is this burden, dearest brethren, by which we are compelled, after the splendor of the sun, to return to the care of this flesh, as to a foul corpse, and after the spiritual food of the mind to procure the burdens of the belly? What is this burden? which exacts from us daily a tribute of wretched servitude; and whom we fill daily, emptied, compels us to refill the belly on the morrow? What shall I say? what a burden of how many cares and anxieties does this necessity impose on wretched mortals? so much so that for some men God is their belly, for whose sake, I do not say pleasure, but burden, they hold even justice and divine doctrine for sale? Such men, as the Apostle says, serve not the Lord Jesus Christ, but their own belly. What moreover of burden do they sustain in the very distinction of foods, desiring these, rejecting those; when some torment the belly, others burden the head, others obstruct the chest, others press the heart with corrupted humors. But what shall I say of those whom this necessity now compels to murmur, now to detract, now moreover to litigate? They are saddened if a meaner food be set before them, if a less savory drink be offered, if it be prepared tardily, if it be attended to less carefully. Brethren, those who live in this manner according to carnal generation can be called Moab, by the weight of punishment, which the Prophet commemorates in the burden of Moab, to be condemned." AR WAS LAID WASTE IN THE NIGHT. — Fitly was Moab laid waste in the night, who in the night from incestuous intercourse, enveloped in darkness and silence, was born, says St. Jerome. Whence this reproach, that they were children of the night, the Moabites were wont to have cast at them by other nations. "Ar" was the metropolis of Moab. Whence in Hebrew it is called עיר ir, in Moabitic Ar, that is city, namely the first of the kingdom, by antonomasia, from which it was afterwards called Areopolis, as if to say Ar, πόλις, that is Ar city, not however because Ἄρης, that is Mars, was πόλις, that is city, as many think. THE WALL WAS LAID WASTE IN THE NIGHT, — that is to say Moab was silenced when the city Ar was taken, which was the wall and bulwark of the whole province. Cyrillus teaches from the historians that when the Chaldeans came, the walls of Ar collapsed from an earthquake, and thus the city was easily occupied by them. For wall in Hebrew is קיר kir, which Vatablus and others take as the name of a city of Moab, which was equally laid waste as Ar; and this is very probable, as will appear in the following chapter, verse 7. Whence also the more correct Bibles write the Wall with a capital M.
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2. HE ASCENDED TO THE HOUSE, — that is, as St. Jerome says, the royal house and family, likewise the whole city of Dibon ascended to the high places, that is to the temples, which were on the high mountains, where they worshipped Chamos their god, so that there they might lament, invoke Chamos, and betake themselves to him as to a place safe from the Chaldeans. Secondly, Pagninus and Vatablus translate, he ascended (Ar or Kir, a city, that is the inhabitants of the city) into Baith, that is into the temple itself, that is to the temple of Chamos, so that they might beseech their idol. Thirdly, Forerius and Sanchez think that Baith or Beth, that is house, is the proper name of a city, and perhaps it is shortened from Bethgamul, or Bethaon, or Bethoron, which were cities of Moab. BALDNESS, — for in mourning the ancients used to shave their heads and shave their beards. Jeremiah says the same thing concerning Moab, chapter xlviii, verse 37.
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4. THE ARMED MEN OF MOAB SHALL HOWL. — For armed men in Hebrew it is חלוצי challutse, that is girded with arms, prepared and equipped Moabites to defend their country, these broken in spirit shall lay down their arms and shall howl. Thus Vatablus. HIS SOUL SHALL HOWL FOR ITSELF. — "His," that is their; or "his," that is of each Moabite; "for itself," that is in its own breast shall it howl. Moreover "soul" signifies that this howling shall not be feigned or composed, such as that of the mourning women; but serious, flowing from the inmost heart and sorrow.
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5. MY HEART SHALL CRY OUT FOR MOAB. — It is the voice of Isaiah compassionating Moab, although an enemy of Israel, as if to say, Although the Moabites are our enemies, yet truly I grieve, and from grief I wail and cry out on account of so great a calamity and misery of theirs, because HIS BARS (that is, the strong men), (who by their strength protected Moab, just as bars protect the gates of a city), EVEN TO SEGOR, — that is, even to the borders of the kingdom they shall flee. Segor, I say, which is the despised heifer, that is, as the Hebrew and Greek have it, three years old, or three-year-old, that is a strong and mighty people, and abounding in plenty of things, like a three-year-old heifer: for at that age heifers and calves are most healthy, fattest, most robust, and likewise most wanton. See the sayings in Jeremiah xlviii, 34. similar, as shall appear in the following chapter, verse 7. Whence also the more correct Bibles write Murus with a capital M. FOR BY THE ASCENT OF LUITH WEEPING SHALL HE ASCEND. — Luith appears to have been a city situated on a hill on the way from Moab to Babylon: wherefore the Moabites, being led away to Babylon, ascended there weeping, and thence came to Oronaim, which was the border of Moab toward Babylon: there therefore, as if bidding farewell to their country for the last time, from the deepest contrition and sorrow of heart they uttered cries and lamentations.
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6. FOR THE WATERS OF NEMRIM SHALL BE DESOLATE, as if to say — The whole city and region of Nemrim is desolate, because by the devastation of the enemy all verdure is consumed and dried up. By a similar trope, in chapter viii, by the waters of Siloe he signified the kingdom of Juda. Secondly and more aptly, as if to say, The waters of Nemrim shall be abandoned by the inhabitants in this desolation, and shall not be confined within their banks, and therefore from the waters of the Dead Sea adjoining, salt shall flow into them and infect them, so that they become bitter and very bad, as Jeremiah says, chapter xlviii, verse 34. See the sayings there. Because (that is as Vatablus translates, and the Septuagint, whence) THE GRASS IS WITHERED, THE SPROUT HAS FAILED, ETC. — For the reason why the grass withers is that the waters fail, not the contrary. Thus the Hebrew כי ki, that is because, often signifies not a cause, but a concomitance, an event, an effect, and that which has followed.
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7. ACCORDING TO THE GREATNESS OF THEIR WORK, — as if to say, For great demerits of evil works the Moabites shall be punished severely. For "visitation" here, as also often elsewhere, is the same as punishment. TO THE TORRENT OF THE WILLOWS SHALL THEY LEAD THEM, — that is the Chaldeans shall lead the captive Moabites to Babylon: for the torrent of willows, says St. Jerome, is either the valley of Arabia, through which one goes from Moab to Assyria and Babylon, or the Euphrates, to which Babylon is adjacent; for willows abound there by custom. Whence in Psalm cxxxvi it is said: "Upon the rivers of Babylon, etc., upon the willows in the midst thereof, we hung up our instruments." The Septuagint translates, I will bring upon the valley (of the Moabites) Arabs. For the Arabs, neighbors to the Moabites, appear to have helped the Chaldeans in the devastation of Moab. Whence also others translate, the Arabs shall carry away their remaining goods to the river, namely robbers and plunderers, and shall seize and carry away their remaining riches.
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9. FOR I WILL PLACE UPON DIBON ADDITIONS. — Some read Dibon; others Dimon: but Dibon and Dimon are the same; for the letters b and m, since each is labial and therefore similar in sound, are easily interchanged with one another. Now by "additions," first, Vatablus and Forerius understand new streams, as if to say: Then by many new streams the blood of the slain Moabites will flow into the river Dibon. Second, St. Jerome thus explains it, as if to say: I will close off for the inhabitants of Dibon all approaches to escape and safety. Third, the Chaldean by "additions" understands the army of the Chaldeans. Fourth and more plainly, Haymo understands "additions" to mean plagues, as if to say: I will add to them plague upon plague, so that namely "to those who have fled from Moab and to the remnants of the land," that is, to the remnants of the Moabites who have fled, I will bring "a lion," that is, lions, or properly so called; or rather lions, that is, the fierce Babylonian soldiers like lions, whom Nebuchadnezzar stationed on the roads, so that they might intercept, capture or kill all the fleeing Moabites. There is a proverb, which Jeremiah explains in other words and directs at the Moabites, saying, chapter xlviii, verse 44: "He that fleeth from the fear shall fall into the pit; and he that getteth up out of the pit shall be taken in the snare;" and it is similar to that of Isaiah: "From the root of the serpent shall come forth a basilisk, and his seed shall devour the flying thing," concerning which I spoke at chapter xiv, verse 29, as if to say: Whoever escapes one calamity will fall into another, and a greater one: for the lion signifies this, the snare, the basilisk, etc. For the lion is a terrible symbol of formidable and dreadful savagery and calamity; hence the Egyptians in their hieroglyphics painted a lion when they wished to signify a man of horrible and terrible appearance, as Pierius says: indeed, if anyone dreamed that he had a lion's head, the dream interpreters would announce to him that he would be terrible to his enemies. Hence, I Paralipomenon xii, 8, concerning the most warlike soldiers of David it is said: "Their faces were as the faces of lions." Second, Sanchez thinks that Segor and Moab are called a three-year-old heifer, because after three years it will receive a grave calamity, as is said at chapter xvi, verse 14, concerning which there. and others translate it, the Arabs, namely robbers and plunderers, will carry their remaining wealth to the river and will seize and carry away the rest.
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
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In parte ista comminator contra Moabitas, qui descenderunt a Moab primogenito Loth, Gen. 19, propter hoc quod gavisi sunt de destructione filiorum Israel ab Assyriis et Chaldaeis, a quibus tamen ipsi sunt destructi, quamvis post. Et dividitur in partes duas. In prima comminator destructionem; in secunda destructionis conditionem, ibi, Emitte] agnum, cap. 16. Prima in duas. In prima comminatur destructionem per Assyrios; in secunda per Babylonios, ibi, Ad torrentem salicum ducent eos. Prima in tres. In prima designat ex dolore poenæ magnitudinem; in secunda poenæ modum et ordinem, ibi, Vectes ejus; in tertia magnitudinis rationem, ibi, Secundum magnitudinem operis et visitatio eorum. Magnitudinem autem doloris ostendit quantum ad tria: scilicet per stuporis silentium; per doloris fletum, ibi, Ascendit domus; per compassionem hostium, ibi, Cor meum ad Moab clamabit. Stupor autem contingit ex privatione eorum quibus aliquis confidit. Confidebant autem in regia civitate a qua sperabant auxilium, et in munitionibus: et ideo dicit: Onus Moab; idest, haec est visio de onere Moab, idest de provincia Moabitarum. Conticuit. præ stupore, quia Ar, civitas regia, vastata est nocte. Ad litteram, propter gravem tribulationem. Et quia nocte vastata est murus et munitio, Moab conticuit, ac si fueres intrassent, Ascendit domus. Hic ostendit magnitudinem poenæ ex magnitudine fletus: et tria ponit. Primo praedicit fletum: et quantum ad flentes, Domus, scilicet regia, hoc est nobiles ejus, et Dibon, quædam civitas. Et quantum ad locum: Ascendit in planctum, idest ad flendum, ad excelsa in quibus idolis immolabant, ut plangendo auxilium quaererent. Et quantum ad materiam: Moab, tota provincia, ululavit super Nabo et super Medaba, quædam civitates quæ destructæ fuerant. Jerem. 6: «Luctum unigeniti fac tibi.» Secundo describit plangendi modum, secundum morem antiquorum, qui nutrientes tempore laetitiae barbam et comam, tempore tristitiæ deponent, sicut habetur Job 1: «Fuso capite corruit in terram.» In
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cunctis capitibus ejus calvitium. Supra 5: «Et erit pro «crispanti crine calvitium.» Tertio excludit (†) fletus terminum. Et quantum ad diversitatem locorum: quia omnis, idest omnibus modis, ulula’us, erit, super tecta ejus, quæ plana habebant ad sedendum, et in plateis ejus descendet in fletu, ab excelsis in quæ flens ascenderat; ut in montibus et vallibus fletus sit. Esebon clamabit, flens, et Eleale, quæ sunt civitates, quinimo terræ regni Moab. Vox eorum audita est usque Jasa, quæ est alia civitas ejus.
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Et quantum ad diversitatem flentium: Super hoc, malum, expediti, scilicet ad pugnandum; non tantum senes, et simul cum aliis, sed etiam sibi, quando stat solitarius, anima ejus ululabit: quia planetus procedit ex intimis cordis. Jer. 48: «Super omnem tectum Moab et in plateis ejus «omnis planetus.»
Nota super illo verbo, Nocte vastata est murus. quia nox primo habet obscuritatem: et primo originalis maculæ. Job 5: «Pereat dies in qua «natus sum, et nox in qua dictum est, Conceptus «est homo.» Secundo actualis culpæ. 1 Thess. 5: «Qui dormiunt, nocte dormiunt.» Tertio infidelis ignorantiae. Rom. 15: «Nox praecessit, dies autem «appropinquavit.» Secundo vero habet horrorem. Primo opprimentis expectationis. Job 27: «Nocte «opprimit eum tempestas.» Secundo praesentis afflictionis. Prov. ult.: «Non extinguetur in nocte «lucerna ejus.» Tertio aeternæ damnationis. Sap. 17: «Vinculis tenebrarum, et longae noctis com«pediti, inclusi sub tectis fugitivi perpetuæ pro«videntiæ placuerunt.» Tertio nox habet quietem contemplationis; in qua primo is ferventis amoris desiderier: infra 26: «Anima mea desideravit te in «nocte:» secundo debitaee confessionis sacrificium. Ps. 118: «Media nocte surgebam ad confitendum tibi;» tertio divinæ consolationis silentium: Sap. 18: «Cum enim quietem silentium continerent omnia, «et nox in suo cursu medium iter haberet; om«nipotens sermo tuus, Domine, exiliens de caelo, «a regalibus sedibus venit.»
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Cor meum ad Moab clamabit. Hic ostendit magnitudinem poenæ ex compassione hostium, quia ipse propheta condolebat ad Moab, idest pro afflictione Moab. Jer. 48: «Supra te evigilabo.» Vectes. Hic describit poenæ modum et ordinem; et ponit tria. Primo terræ vastationem, Vectes, idest fortitudo, ejus, scilicet deserti sunt, usque ad Segor, una de urbibus destructis: Gen. 19, quæ erit in terris Moab. Vitulam, propter luxuriam, consternantem, idest trium annorum, quando sunt animalia in suo robore et fervore. Vel consternantem, quia tertia concussione terraemotus corruit, reccedente Loth. Jer. 46: «Vitula elegans atque famosa «Ægyptus.» Secundo hominum captivitatem Per ascensum enim Luith, quidam clivus, vel quidam vicus, unde ducebantur captivi, ascendet, Moab cap- tivus ductus. Et in via Oronaim, cujusdam civita- tis de Moab, per quam transibunt, levabunt clamo- rem contritionis. Nahum 2: « Miles captivus ductus • est. » Tertio agrorum sterilitatem, Aqua enim; idest, terra Moab ita erit sterilis sicut locus juxta oppidum Nemrim, quod est juxta mare, propter aquas salsas et amaras. Non quidem propter a- quas, sed Dei judicio, herba, jam nata, aruit; ger- men, quantum ad ea quae erant in pullulatione; viror, arborum jam natarum. Ps. 106: « Posuit • flumina in desertum. » Secundum magnitudinem operis et visitatio eorum. Hic ponitur ratio magni- tudinis poenae. Operis peccati; visitatio, ultio. Deut. 25: « Pro mensura peccati erit et plagarum mo- • dus. » Ad torrentem salicum ducent cos. Hic comminatur destructionem per Babylonios; in qua quidam fuerunt captivati. Et quantum ad hoc dicit:
Chaldaei ducent eos ad torrentem, Euphratem, juxta Babyloniam, salicum, quia juxta fluvium crescunt. Ps. 136: « Super flumina Babylonis illic sedimus, • et flevimus. » Quidam fuerunt interfecti; et quan- tum ad hoc dicit: Quoniam circuibit clamor, flen- tium, vel pugnantium Chaldaeorum: quia aquae Di- bon, nomen civitatis; in quibus aquis propter amoe- nitatem locorum suas luxurias exercebant. 4 Reg. 3: « Incurrerunt Moabitae aquas Dibon. » Quidam residui fuerunt diversis persecutionibus afflicti: Po- nam enim super Dibon, ad quam Judaei con- fugerant, haec additamenta, poenarum, his qui fu- gerint de Moab, ab Assyriis, et reliquiis terrae, quos dimiserunt Assyrii. Leonem: ad litteram, be- stias eos interficientes; vel hostem saevientem, sci- licet Chaldaeum. Supra 9: « In omnibus his non est • aversus furor ejus. »
15:1
v. 1 « Onus Moab, quia nocte vastata est Ar Moab, conticuit; quia nocte vastatus est muvus Moab, conticuit » ! — quia rationem reddit, cur dicatur onus ; unde oraculum hoc simul argumento est Nt72 designare prophetiam onerosam ; conticuit i. e. redacta est urbs ad silentium, periit, actum est de ea (For. Malv. Mar.) ; hebr. excisa est vel periit (cf. ad 6, 5. Os. 10, 18) ; idque. nocte, ut tenebris augeatur horror et pavor, ut quam nulla supersit spes evadendi miseriam, significetur. Ruina incipit ab urbe principali, a regni capite; Ar Moab urbs sita in valle Arnon (cf. Deut. 2, 36. Ios. 13, 9. 16) i. e. urbs (^2, Y) Moab; « metropolis civitas quae hodie ex hebraeo et graeco sermone composita Areopolis nuncupatur » (S. Hier.). In altero membro legitur in hebr. 3Nt27vP Qir Moab, arx principalis in Moab alta in rupe sita, versus meridiem ab Ar Moab, quae etiam Qir cheres vel Qir chareset (16, "1. 11) vocabatur et hodie Kerek audit et apud Grdecos Xa (2 Mach. 12, 11), Xaeaxpófa, Xapary pia (Theod.), Xxz£xwuz (Ptol. V, 11. 3. Naeg.) nuncupabatur. Cum *?'? Hebraeis sit nomen appellativum murus, intelligitur versio S. Hier. In inscriptione moabitica quae ex nomine Mesa regis appellatur quater occurrit "P significatione urbis lin. 11. 12. 24 bis; hebr. dieitur "1p. Forte etiam ^7 forma est moabitica pro hebr. 'z. Notatu dignum est quod pi» nor h.l. efferatur pro usitata voce hebr. n»; in stela Mesa legitur n5» lin. 15, tnde Naeg. concludit pronuntiaüonem 55 esse moabiticam. Alii putarunt 55 esse statum constructum, ita ut verti debeat : in nocte qua destruitur Ar Moab, periit (cf. Drechsl.) vel ita ut apodosis a v. 2 inchoetur (Hifz) ; sed utrumque magno incommodo laborat; prius enim effert tautologiam plane ridiculam : alterum sententiam exhibet longiorem, nimisque implicatam et. ab animi commoti significatione alienam. — De inscriptione Mesa regis cf. Revue archéologique 1870 I p. 185, 357. Studien.und Krit. 1871 p. 596. Zeitschrift der deutsch-morgenl. Gesellschaft XXIV. p. 253. 438. 613. Tübinger Quartalschr. 1810 p. 292; Vigourour l. c. p. 32. Civiltà cattolica serie XIII vol. I p. 695; Noeldeke in Bibellex. ed. Schenkel, IV p. 185. Destructis praecipuis regni munitionibus interitus et miseria ingruit ; quare omnia fletibus et luctu complentur
Anc. — Urbe principali et arce destructis fletus et ululatus auditur in universa regione omnesque moerorisluctusque signa et indicia prae se ferunt (15, 1-4). Tanta calamitate et doloris significatione ipse vates commovetur ; undique enim cernuntur fugitivi, auditur ululatus, videtur vastitas regionis antea florentissimae ; aufugiunt incolae et facultates servare conantur ; sed inter lamentationes et planctus multi caeduntur; ipsis fugitivis instat exitium (13, 5-9). Qua in miseria monentur, ut auxilium flagitaturi regem Iuda deprecentur; nam in Ierusalem solum adest thronus gratiae et auxilii opportuni (16, 1-3). Nunc autem superbia et arrogantia Moab castigatur; fertilissima regio ita in vastitatem et desolationem redigetur et praecipue vineae praeclarae exscindentur, ut nemo sine dolore et lacrimis talem spectare possit ruinam (46, 6-11). Plaga haec in Moab firmiter est decreta et quod olim Deus iam minatus est, post tres annos opere complebitur : humiliatio Moab (16, 12-14). | Dum regnum israeliticum per Syros et postea per Assyrios infestaretur, Moabitae urbes quasdam et regiones ultra Arnon fluvium occupabant. Unde explicatur, cur in hoc oraculo v. g. Hesebon et Eleale urbibus Moabitarum accenseantur. De bellis inter Israelitas et Moabitas gestis indicium habes Os. 10, 14 (vide in Comment. in Proph. min. I p. 138). — Etiam in hoc oraculo singulari cura effertur omnem arrogantiam et superbiam esse humiliandam, sed castigationem infligi, ut inde via salutis demonstretur. Unde elucet etiam hoc oraculum exacte ad eam normam esse formatum quam Isaiam secutum esse constat. Uti oraculum in Babel, ita hoc quoque Ieremias imitatione expressit (cf. Ier. 48, 1 seq.); cum igitur iam tempore Ieremiae exstiterit oraculum nostrum, fieri non potuit, ut falso attribueretur Isaiae.
15:2
v. 2 « ascendit domus et d ad. excelsa. in planctum, super Nabo et super Medaba Moab ululavit ; cunctis capitibus eius calvitium et omnis barba radetur » ; — versionem suam ita explanat S. Hier. : « subauditur autem domus regia et urbs Dibon ad idola quae in editis posita sunt ascendit ; super Nabo et super Medaba, nobiles civitates, ululabit universa provincia. In Nabo enim erat Chamos idolum consecratum quod alio nomine appellatur Beelphegor ». Ululantes et flentes fana idolorum visitant, ut ibi remedium quaerant ; quod cum non inveniatur sed cum e contra in subseq. etiam maior horror et dolor pandatur, simul frustra ab idolis opem sperari docetur. Textum hebr. ita probabiliter concipies : ascendunt in domum i. e. in templum, et Dibon ad excelsa ad fletum ; Dibon a flumine Arnon septemtrionem versus sita, olim tribui Gad (Num. 32, 34), postea Ruben attributa (Ios. 13, 11) tamquam urbs regia in inscriptione Mesa commemoratur, qui se vocat *z2": Dibonitam ; iam los. 13, 1 statim post Dibon fit mentio Bamothbaal i. e. excelsi sanctuarii Baal consecrati et in inscriptione Mesa statim ab initio legitur : feci hoc excelsum pro Chamos in Qorcha ; explicant autem Qorcha (calvitiem, locum excelsum et glabrum) tamquam nomen vel partem urbis Dibon ; unde prope Dibon vel in ipsa urbe sanctuarium in colle fuisse constare videtur. Hodie ostenduntur ruinae Dibon nomine. Super .Vabo i. e. in altis collibus, in quibus Nabo et Medaba oppida sita sunt, iun clamor Moab (ita Drechsl. Kn. Del. Naeg. JVet. Rohl.), ita ut ululatus a colle in collem quasi migrare et terram Moab pervadere dicatur. Nabo cf. Num. 32, 3. 38; urbs certe ex ipso nomine iuxta montem Nabo sita fuit; eius mentio fit quoque in Is. 15, 2-3 331 inscriptione Mesa lin. 14, sicut lin. 8legitur N27 "2 quam vocem | N271"2 Medaba explicant (cf. Num. 21, 30. Ios. 13, 9. 16) ; erat oppidum in colle situm meridiem versus ab Hesebon ; utrumque oppidum tempore Mesa ab Israelitis erat occupatum. Ad ululatum accedunt luctus signa usitata ; n cunctis capitibus... cf. Am. 8, 10. Ier. 48, 31. Ez. 1, 18; « apud antiquos barbae capitisque rasura luctus indicium fuit; per haec ergo magnitudo moeroris ostenditur, Ieremia contra Moab eadem conclamante » (S. Hier.); unde Mich. 4, 16 : dilata calvitium tuum sicut aquila. In explicatione prioris partis huius v. sat magna cernitur varietas. Sat multi explicant, uti supra: ascendet (scil. Moab) in templum (Mald. Sa, Mar. Vat. Malv. Tir. Del. Naeg. Rohl. Loch) ; alii tamen r'22 intelligunt nomen proprium et vertunt : ascendit Baith et Dibon ad excelsa (ef. For. Osor. Sanct. Calm. Kn. Drechsl. Schegg, Net.) et ad Baith supplent quae desunt explicantes vel Beth Diblathajim, quae urbs Ier. 48, 22 iuxta Dibon et Nabo commemoratur (cf. Kn. Cheyne) vel Beth Baal Meon vel Bethphegor (cf. Drechsl.) vel Beth Bamoth ; etiam in inscriptione Mesa narrat se aedificasse Baal Meon, Beth Bamoth et Beth Diblathan (vel templum ? lin. 9. 30). Sed quia plura exsistebant oppida composita cum Baith, nullum autem adhuc ostendi possit quod eo solo nomine (et cum articulo!) appellatum sit, talis suppletio videtur omnino improbabilis. — Alii iungunt ut unum nomen Medaba-Moab (Naeg.) ; sed cum talis coniunctio nusquam inveniatur et per se pateat de oppido in Moab sito sermonem fieri, vertendum est uti S. Hier. iam explicat. Chald. praebet : ascendite in domos Dibon... super Nabo et Medeba ululant Moabitae. Syrus : ascendite in domum Ribun. LXX autem ita vertunt, ut alium prorsus textum legisse videantur . contristamini in vobis, peribit enim Dimon (Debon) ubi ara est (vestra) illuc ascendetis ad plorandum super Nabo Moabitidis; ululate ; super omne caput calvitium, omnia brachia concisa. Non solum caput et barba, totus habitus luctum prae se fert
15:3
v. 3 « in triviis eius accincti sunt sacco ; super tecta eius et in plateis eius omnis ululatus descendit in. fletum » ; — bene adnotat S. Hier. : « non erunt privatae lacrimae, publicum luctum publica lamenta resonabunt, nec matronae nec virgines nec aetas parva puerorum nec fracti senum gressus tenebuntur domibus », et S. Cyr. : « effigiem urbium non mediocri terrore fluctuantium nobis prophetica sententia describit » ; extra domos, in viis publicis oberrant lugubri veste induti ; alii in planis domorum tectis consistentes et calamitatem longe lateque serpentem prospicientes eiulant ; hebr. £otus (universitas eius) wlulat descendens in fletum i. e. omnia lacrimis diffluunt, lacrimis quasi solvuntur et immerguntur !. Hic vero luctus et eiulatus per omnes fines moabiticos pompa quadam funesta et lugubri circumducitur
15:4
A Philisthaeis propheta sermonem transfert in regionem oppositam, ad orientem maris mortui, in Moab. Annuntiatur Moabitis calamitas regnique destructio magna animi vatis commotione, ex qua quam horrenda futura sit plaga facile coniicitur. Re visione percepta vates quasi attonitus et obstupefactus haeret et infortunii magnitudinem non tam sententiis quam exclamationibus iteratis significat : v. 4 « clamabit Hesebon et Eleale, usque lasa audita est vox eorum ; super hoc expediti Moab ululabunt ; anima eius ululabit sibi » ; — Hesebon « civitas Seon regis Amorrhaeorum in terra Galaad quae cum fuisset antea Moabitarum ab Amorrhaeis beli iure possessa est.., porro nunc vocatur Esbus, urbs insignis Arabiae in montibus qui sunt contra Iericho, vigintia Iordane millibus distans » (0nom.); cf. Num. 21, 25 ; 32, 3. 31. Ios. 13, 11; 21, 39 etc. Ab ea urbe milliario distat Eleale fere septemtrionem versus ; utrumque oppidum in colle situm aptum praebet lamentationis miserae locum, ex quo uti calamitas ubique sparsa adverti, ita eiulatus in vicinam regionem late personare potest. Hunc eiulatum Moab permeantem vates describit : usque lasa ; cf. Num. 21, 23. Deut. 2, 32. Ios. 13, 18; 21,36. Iud. 11, 20; oppidum teste Eusebio situm erat inter Debus (Dibon) et Medaba, cui sententiae etiam recentiores adstipulantur, dum alii oppidum collocari volunt in deserto quo orientem versus fines Rubenitarum et Moabitarum concludebantur, vel distinguunt duo oppida, nostrumque septemtrionem versus ad mare mortuum situm esse statuunt (cf. Schenkel, Bibellex. III p. 139 ; Riehm, Handwoerterb. I p. 6388 ; R?ess, bibl. Geogr. s. v.). Eius urbis etiam meminit Mesa quae a rege Israel sit munita, sed a rege Mesa ope Chamos occupata (lin. 18) et cum ditione Dibon coniuncta. Eiulatui communi etiam milites expediti Moab suam iungunt vociferationem, imminet ergo miseria talis, quafortium quoque animi et pectora franguntur ; quare planctus et desperationis descriptio sententia generali concluditur : anima eius tremit ipsi 1. e. Moab intimis animi medullis concutitur et horrore et terrore perfunditur, iactatur, vibratur; vel sensu haud ita absimili : anima eius dolet sibi, tota dolore et aegritudine dissolvitur. In planctu adeo universali etiam vates loquitur dolentis affectu et psa sua commiseratione pandit quantis calamitatibus sint opprimendi, ita ut etiam inimicis miserabiles fiant (S. Ilier.); ostendit ergo magnitudinem poenae ex compassione hostium (S. Thom.); est etiam « piorum hominum inimicorum incommodis commoveri; eodem prope modo Ieremias 48, 36 dicit ». (Sanct.) :
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v. 9 « Cor meum ad Moab clamabit »; — i. e. pro afflictione Moab (S. Thom.); cf. 16, 9. Atque statim nova commiserationis causa subiungitur, uti bene notat Osor. : « videor enim mihi videri regionem florentissimam eo tempore quo maxime omnibus vitae commodis affluebat et tamquam trima iuvenca in opimo ac fertili prato nutrita lasciviebat et vim insiti roboris et alacritatis indicabat, subito concidentem ; qui ex illa fugerint, Sohar usque pervenient, perfusique lacrimis ad iuga Luith evadent » etc. Primo paucis statum olim florentem delineat vates, cui miseriam opponit iam omnia occupan. tem : « vectes eius usque ad Segor vitulam conternantem ; per. ascensum enim Luith flens ascendet et in via Oronaim clamorem contritionis levabunt »; —- i. e. antea Moab erat in conditione florenti et firmis munitionibus adversus incursus hostiles protegebatur; « vectes pro terminis et robore intellige, eo quod Segor in finibus Moabitarum sita, sit dividens ab eis terram Philisthiim » (S. Hier.); sunt igitur vectes munimenta, firmamenta (S. Hier.); eo modo quo v. g. de vectibus urbis saepius mentio fit; cf. Ier. 51, 31. Lament. 2, 9. Segor (Zoar) in valle Siddim (Gen. 13, 10; 14, 2. 8; 19, 18-23), antiquitus Bela, oppidum conterminum Idumaeae ditionem designat maxime meridionalem , Moabitidis. Quod additur vitulam conternantem designare videtur robur ac fortitudinem ; « possumus vitulum conternantem pro perfecta aetate accipere sicut enim tricesimus annus in hominibus, : 'jta in pecudibus aciumentis tertius robustissimus est » (S. Hier); sim. S. Cyr. Theod. Basil. Thom. wel « civitatem vocat nondum bello edomitam, robustam ac florentem, sicut leremias 406, 90 vocat Aegyptum vitulam elegantem atque formosam » Mald. sim. Sanct. Sasb. Sa, Lap. Men. Vat. Tir. Del. aeg. ; alii ad fertilitatem et pinguedinem soli vocem referunt (cf. For. Malv.) ; sed propter vectes minus apte; potius aetatem declarat nondum iugo domitam (cf. Ges.) Iam in oppositione ad conditionem illam olim florentem atque indomitam populus describitur praecipiti fuga meridiem versus abreptus. Ergo hostis ingruit a septemtrione. Luith « est usque hodie vicus inter Areopolim et Zoaram » (Onom.) i. e. inter Ar-Moab et Segor; illuc igitur fugiunt et cum fletu ascensum Luith ascendunt, dum aliae fugitivorum turmae in via Oronaim, vel uti habet Ier. 48, 5, in descensu Oronaim clamorem de contritione tollunt. In meridionali parte Moabitidis oppidum situm fuisse videtur ex hoc loco et etiam quia in inscriptione Mesa legitur : descende et pugna contra Horonaim (Choronan, lin. 32); cf. Ier. 48, 3. 5. 34; videtur esse idem oppidum atque Oronae, quod simul cum Segor aliisque oppidis moabiticis Alexander Iannaeus Arabibus eripuit, Hyrcanus autem filius eius Aretae Arabum regi restituit (cf. Josephus, Ant. 13, 15, 4; 14, 1, 4; Riehm, Handwoerterb. I p. 643). Is. 15, 5-1 344 mine hoc vitulae triennalis honorifico designari Kir-Heres tamquam arcem indomitám. Sed supponit apud Isaiam describi fugam a meridie septemtrionem versus, dum e contra, si vertendum est fugitivi eius, isti dicuntur fugere usque ad Segor, ergo meridiem versus. LXX, Syrus, Chald. etiam non videntur agnovisse nomen proprium, quia vertunt àdpoAe «pter; et sim. Quare explicatio S. Hier. et veterum manet probabilissima et similibus fuleitur comparationibus in sacris literis saepius obviis; cf. iam Gen. 49, 14. 91. Cur fugiant et clamorem edant de ruina, ulteriore descriptione ostenditur
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v. 6 « aquae enim Nemrim desertae erunt, quia aruit herba, defecit germen, viror omnis interiit » ; — i. e. regio florentissima versa est in desertum, maxima praebet vastationis hostilis indicia ; fontes scil. et fluenta aquarum ab hostibus obstructa sunt ; duo ergo *2 enim non inter se subordinata sunt, sed coordinata duas afferunt rationes, cur planctus edatur. Obturatione fontium universorum etiam olim Israeliiae in Moabitas ultionem exercuerunt 4 Reg. 3, 19. 25. Cum fuga fiat meridiem versus, nihil obstat quominus Nemrim intelligamus idem oppidum quod Num. 32, 3. 36. Ios. 13, 21 Beth-Nimra appellatur et in regione septemtrionali situm est; igitur fugiunt quia regio septemtriona- : lis iam crudeli hostium vastatione prostrata iacet. Sed plerique Nemrim in regione meridionali esse quaerendum censent etiam in Onomastico vicus esse dicitur nomine Bennamarem ad septemirionalem plagam Zoarae (Segor), ergo in vicinia Segor, et plerique nomen agnoscunt in torrente Nemeirah vel Mojet Nimmery, apud quem ruinae quoque En- Nmera ostenduntur in parte meridionali maris mortui (cf. Scholz 1. c. Kn. Naeg. Troch. Net. Riehm, Wandwoerterb. II p. 1082). At priorem interpretationem cum veteribus tenent Winer s. v. Drechsl. Del. RoM. et Kneucker in Bibellex. IV p. 428. — Simul cum homine etiam creaturam affligi, hic quoque manifestatur. Cum igitur hostis regionem devastet, Moabitae quod a direptione hostili servaverant secum asportant fugientes in regionem edomiticam ; ita v. 1 in hebr. propterea quod reliquum fecerit (Moab) et opes suas ad torrentem salicum portant eas (cf. Vat. For. Malv. Mald. Mar. et recentiores) vel ad torrentem Arabum (cf. LXX) ; sed cum zz? saepius in notione salicum inveniatur (44, 4; cf. Lev. 23, 40. Iob 40, 29. Ps. 131, 2 hebr.), nunquam autem in significatione Arabum, versio prior quam etiam S. Hier. exprimit praeferenda est. Ad fugam (cf. 16, 1) quam maxime consentaneus est torrens ille Wadi el. Achsa qui inter fines Moab et Edom fluit et quem h. l. agnoscunt Kn. Drechsl. Naeg. Del. Wetzstein, dum alii torrentem Safsaf (i. e. torrentem salicum) partem septemtrionalem worrentis Seil-el-Kerek h. l. assumunt (cf. JVet. Rohl. Troch.). Priorem versus partem aliter intellexit S. Hier. ita, ut media in fugae et vastationis descriptione ratio et causa tantae poenae inseratur v. | «secundum magnitudinem operis et visitatio eorum ; ad torrentem. salicum ducent eos» ; — i. e. «iuxta morbi magnitudinem erit visitatio; visitationemhic non pro remedio sed pro plaga accipe» (9. Hie). Cur fugiant, ratio affertur
15:8
v. 8 « quoniam circuivit clamor terminum Moab, usque ad Gallim ululatus eius et usque ad. puteum Elim clamor eius»; — omnes fines moabitici luctu et clamore personant ; quod ut vates demonstret, et locum nominat in parte meridionali et in septemtrionali; Gallim, hebr. Eglaim probabiliter erit Agallim (Agalleim, Aigaleim) vicus ad australem plagam Areopoleos distans ab ea millibus octo (Onom.) !. Puteus Elim, Beer Elim i. e. puteus fortium vel terebinthorum videtur idem esse qui Num. 21, 16 (cf. Malv. Kn. Drechsl. Del. Naeg. Net. Rohl.); erat in parte septemtrionali orientem versus, uti ex Num. 21, 13 seq. elucet. Et iuremerito tantus eiulatus auditur; hostis enim ingentem stragem Moabitis intulit plurimis trucidatis et etiam iis qui eam cladem effugerint aliud et fere gravius instat exitium. Utrumque proponitur
15:9
v. 9 «quia aquae Dibon repletae sunt sanguine ; ponam enim super Dibon additamenta his qui fugerint de Moab leonem et. reliquiis terrae» ; — duo *2 enim pari modo duas rationes vestiunt pro v. 8 (cf. v. 6). In hebr. et apud LXX et Chald. legitur Dimon id quod plerique ut allasio habeatur ad à sanguinem sic censent scriptum, uti iam S. Hier. monet : «ne quis scriptoris vitium putet et errorem emendare dum vult faciatj'una urbs et per m et per b literam scribitur... usque hodie indifferenter et Dimon et Dibon hoc oppidulum dicitur». Alii tamen propter Ier. 48, 2 hebr. coniectant intelligi Madmen (cf. Is. 95, 10 hebr.), alii Damnaba octo milliariis ex Onomastico septemtrionem versus ab Areopoli distans. Verum cum S. Hier. usum nominis duplicis testetur, non erit de alio oppido cogitandum. Aquae Dibon deflumine Arnon non adeo dissito accipi poterunt; aquas sanguine rubere hyperbole est ad caedem plurimorum declarandam. Verum hac una poena ultori Deo non est satisfactum ; addit enim super Dibon i. e. super poenas ibi jam exactas additamenta, alias castigationes, iis scil. qui effugerint, qui sunt reliquiae regionis fertilis et cultae (hebr. 27x) statuet leonem i. e. locutione proverbiali aliud (idque gravius et ferocius?) exitii genus ; « est proverbium quod aliis verbis explicat et Moabitis intentat Ieremias dicens : qui fugerit a facie pavoris cadet in foveam, et qui conscenderit a fovea capietur laqueo 48, 44» Lap. sim. For. Sanct. Alii tamen bestias feroces iri immissum explicant (S. Hier. Mald. Malv. Mar.), uti factum est illi gentium colluviei 4 Reg. 171, 25; alii alteram per Nabuchodonosorem devastationem interpretantur (Sa, Lap. Men. Tir.); immo Del. leonem ex Iuda Gen. 49, 9 expressum cernit ; verum ad eam prophetiam allusionem fieri ex solo nomine leonis certe concludi nequit, neque leo adeo est nomen commune et usitatum pro Iuda, ut ea notio statim legentibus occurrat.
15:2
Beelphegor (Hebrew Ba'al-Pe'or)
… Kémōf; in Is. 15:2: PL 24, 168).
… It was under the Moabites at the time of Isaiah, who predicts its misfortunes (Is. 15:2).
The city of N., today commonly identified with Mehajjet, is mentioned in Num. 32:3; 33:47, in the stele of Mesha, in Is. 15:2; Jer. 48:1; 1 Macc. 9:37, in the Onomasticon, and in the Life of Peter the Iberian (5th century). …
15:4
Heshbon (Hebrew: Heshbōn; Septuagint: Ἐσβοῦς)
… 37). Being situated on the border of Gad (v.), it was taken by the latter tribe and assigned to the Levites (Josh. 21:37; 1 Chron. 6:81). In the times of Isaiah and Jeremiah it was in the hands of the Moabites and appears often in their oracles (Isa. 15:4; 16:8; Jer. 48:2, 34; 49:3).
… The stele of Mesha (v.), the claims of Jephthah, the allusions of Isaiah and Jeremiah nevertheless show that M. had in time recovered its settlements north of the Arnon (Num. 21:25-32; Deut. 2:24, 36; Josh. 13:25; Judg. 18:18, 22; Is. 15:4; Jer. 48:21; F.-M. …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.