TOUL (Tullum Leucorum). - On the left bank of the Moselle, where the Rhine canal forms a port, it belonged to the ancient province of Gallia Belgica I, whose metropolis was Trier.
At the end of the 10th century Adso knew the Gesta praecedentium Leucorum urbis antistitum. In the first half of the 12th century a cleric of T. compiled a catalogue of its bishops. The first is Mansuetus, whose life Adso wrote, followed by Amo; both are buried in the church of St. Peter (St-Mansuy). The fifth is Auspicius (d. ca. 470), mentioned by Sidonius Apollinaris (Ep., IV, 17; VII, 10). St. Aper (Epyre), who is said to have founded the suburban church of St. Maurice, is listed under 15 September in the Bern manuscript of the Hieronymian Martyrology. Alodius was present at the Council of Orléans of 549; Eudila was at that of Paris of 614; Leudinus, called Bodo, brother of St. Salaberga, founded the monastery of Bonmoutier; James signed at Compiègne in 757 the privilege of Gorze; Frotharius, consecrated ca. 813, was at the Council of Mainz of 829: much of his correspondence survives (PL 106, 863 ff.). Arnulf was present at Savonnières in 859, at Tusey in 860, at Aachen in 862, at Attigny in 870; Arnold was at the Councils of Ponthion in 876 and of Troyes in 878. St. Gauzelin (922-62) founded the monastery of Notre-Dame de Bouxières; Bruno of Dagsburg (1026-49) later became Pope Leo IX (v.). And also G. Fillâtre (1449-60); Cardinal John of Lorraine (1517-43); Charles of Lorraine, Cardinal of Vaudémont (1580-87); Cardinal Nicolas François of Lorraine (1625-34); A. de Saussay (1649-75), who wrote the Martyrologium Gallicanum. The see of T. suffered during the Investiture Controversy. In the 16th century, together with Metz and Verdun, it formed the territory of the «Trois-
"évêchés". Territories were dismembered from T. in 1777 and in 1778 for the new dioceses of Nancy and St-Didier. It was suppressed in 1802 and united to Nancy.
The ancient cathedral of St. Stephen preserves the apse and choir built between 1221-60; the transept is somewhat later, the naves and chapels are of the 14th century. The bishops' chapel was built in Renaissance style by Msgr. E. d'Ailly (d. 1533). The façade with two tall towers, one of which was damaged in 1940, was erected between 1460-96 by Jacquemin de Lenoncourt on a design by Tristan de Hattonchâtel. Adjacent to the south is the 14th-century cloister with three galleries and the chapter hall. The old 18th-century episcopal palace, damaged in 1940, is used in part as the Hôtel de ville, in part as a museum and library. The bishop's garden is today a public park.
Notable is the Gothic church of St-Gengoult with an apse of the second half of the 13th century, transept and nave of the 14th century, façade of the 15th century, cloister of the 16th century. At T. were born St. Eucharius and St. Lupus, bishop of Troyes (d. 478).