All idolatry must be extirpated: sacrifices, tithes, and firstfruits must be offered in one only place: all eating of blood is prohibited.
Al idolatrie, and whatsoeuer apperteineth therto must be destroyed. 5. Sacrifices, tithes, and donaries must be offered in the special place, 15. Eating flesh they must not eate the bloud. 29. In no case to imitate the idolatrie of gentiles.
1These are the precepts and judgments, that you must do in the land, which the Lord the God of thy fathers will give thee, to possess it all the days that thou shalt walk upon the earth.Questi sono i comandamenti, e le leggi, che voi dovete osservare nel paese, che il Signore Dio de' padri tuoi ti darà, affinché tu ne abbi il dominio per tutto il tempo che sarai sopra la terra.THESE are the preceptes and iudgementes, that you must do in the Land, which the Lord God of thy fathers wil geue thee, to possesse it al the daies, that thou shalt goe vpon the earth.Hæc sunt præcepta atque judicia, quæ facere debetis in terra, quam Dominus Deus patrum tuorum daturus est tibi, ut possideas eam cunctis diebus, quibus super humum gradieris. 2Destroy all the places in which the nations, that you shall possess, worshipped their gods upon high mountains, and hills, and under every shady tree:Distruggete tutti quei luoghi, ne' quali adorarono i loro dei le nazioni, che voi soggetterete, sulle alte montagne, sulle colline, e sotto qualunque albero ombroso.Subuert al places, wherein the nations, which you shal possesse, worshipped their goddes vpon the high mountaines, and hilles, and vnder euerie tree ful of leaues.Subvertite omnia loca, in quibus coluerunt gentes, quas possessuri estis, deos suos super montes excelsos, et colles, et subter omne lignum frondosum. 3Overthrow their altars, and break down their statues, burn their groves with fire, and break their idols in pieces: destroy their names out of those places.Rovesciatene gli altari, fate in pezzi le statue, date al fuoco i boschetti, e riducete in polvere i simulacri, e sperdetene la memoria da quei luoghi.Ouerthrow their altares, and breake their statues, their groues burne with fire, and their Idols hewe al to peeces: destroy their names out of those places.Dissipate aras eorum, et confringite statuas: lucos igne comburite, et idola comminuite: disperdite nomina eorum de locis illis. 4You shall not do so to the Lord your God:Non così farete voi riguardo al Signore Dio vostro:You shal not doe so to the Lord your God:Non facietis ita Domino Deo vestro: 5But you shall come to the place, which the Lord your God shall choose out of all your tribes, to put his name there, and to dwell in it:Ma vi porterete a quel luogo, cui il Signore Dio vostro avrà eletto tra tutte le vostre tribù per ivi porre il suo nome, e abitarvi.but to the place, which the Lord your God hath chosen of al your tribes, to put his name there and to dwel in it, shal you come:sed ad locum, quem elegerit Dominus Deus vester de cunctis tribubus vestris, ut ponat nomen suum ibi, et habitet in eo, venietis:
6And you shall offer in that place your holocausts and victims, the tithes and firstfruits of your hands and your vows and gifts, the firstborn of your herds and your sheep.E in quel luogo offerirete gli olocausti, e le vostre vittime, le decime, e le primizie delle mani vostre, e i voti, e i doni, i primogeniti de' bovi, e delle pecore.and shal offer in that place your holocaustes and victimes, the tithes and first fruites of your handes, and your vowes and donaries, the first borne of your oxen and sheepe.et offeretis in loco illo holocausta et victimas vestras, decimas et primitias manuum vestrarum, et vota atque donaria, primogenita boum et ovium. 7And you shall eat there in the sight of the Lord your God: and you shall rejoice in all things, whereunto you shall put your hand, you and your houses wherein the Lord your God hath blessed you.E ivi mangerete al cospetto del Signore Dio vostro: e avrete consolazione in tutte le cose, che intraprenderete voi, e le vostre famiglie, nelle quali cose vi benedirà il Signore Dio vostro.And you shal eate there in the sight of the Lord your God: and you shal reioyce in al thinges, whereunto you shal put your hand, you and your house, wherein the Lord your God hath blessed you.Et comedetis ibi in conspectu Domini Dei vestri: ac lætabimini in cunctis, ad quæ miseritis manum vos et domus vestræ, in quibus benedixerit vobis Dominus Deus vester. 8You shall not do there the things we do here this day, every man that which seemeth good to himself.Non farete in quel luogo quel che facciamo qui adesso, ognuno, come gli sembra ben fatto.You shal not doe there the thinges, that we doe here this day euerie man that which seemeth good to him self.Non facietis ibi quæ nos hic facimus hodie, singuli quod sibi rectum videtur: 9For until this present time you are not come to rest, and to the possession, which the Lord your God will give you.Imperocché non siete voi finora pervenuti alla requie, e al dominio, che a voi darà il Signore Dio vostro.For vntil this present time you are not come to rest, and to the possession, which the Lord your God wil geue you.neque enim usque in præsens tempus venistis ad requiem, et possessionem, quam Dominus Deus vester daturus est vobis. 10You shall pass over the Jordan, and shall dwell in the land which the Lord your God will give you, that you may have rest from all enemies round about: and may dwell without any fear,Voi passerete il Giordano, e abiterete la terra, che vi darà il Signore Dio vostro, affinché abbiate requie, liberi da tutti i nemici, che vi stanno d'intorno, e viviate senza timore.You shal passe ouer Iordan, and shal dwel in the Land, which the Lord your God wil geue you, that you may haue rest from al enemies round about: and may dwel without al feare,Transibitis Jordanem, et habitabitis in terra, quam Dominus Deus vester daturus est vobis, ut requiescatis a cunctis hostibus per circuitum: et absque ullo timore habitetis 11In the place, which the Lord your God shall choose, that his name may be therein. Thither shall you bring all the things that I command you, holocausts, and victims, and tithes, and the firstfruits of your hands: and whatsoever is the choicest in the gifts which you shall vow to the Lord.Al luogo eletto dal Signore Dio vostro per lo suo culto, colà voi porterete tutto quel ch'io comando: gli olocausti, e le ostie, e le decime, e le primizie delle vostre mani, e tutti i doni opimi, che voi offerirete per voto al Signore.in the place, which the Lord your God shal choose, that his name may be therin. Thither shal you bring al the thinges, that I command you, holocaustes, and hostes, and tithes, and the first fruites of your handes: and whatsoeuer is the principal in the giftes, that you shal vowe to our Lord.in loco, quem elegerit Dominus Deus vester, ut sit nomen ejus in eo: illuc omnia, quæ præcipio, conferetis, holocausta, et hostias, ac decimas, et primitias manuum vestrarum: et quidquid præcipuum est in muneribus, quæ vovebitis Domino.
12There shall you feast before the Lord your God, you and your sons and your daughters, your menservants and maidservants, and the Levite that dwelleth in your cities. For he hath no other part and possession among you.Ivi farete banchetto dinanzi al Signore Dio vostro voi, e i figliuoli vostri, e le figlie, i servi, e le serve, e il Levita, che abita nelle vostre città: perocché egli non ha altra porzione, e null'altro possiede tra voi.There shal you feaste before the Lord your God, you and your sonnes and daughters, men seruantes and wemen seruantes, and the Leuite, that dwelleth in your cities for he hath no other part and possession among you.Ibi epulabimini coram Domino Deo vestro, vos et filii ac filiæ vestræ, famuli et famulæ, atque Levites qui in urbibus vestris commoratur: neque enim habet aliam partem et possessionem inter vos. 13Beware lest thou offer thy holocausts in every place that thou shalt see:Guardati dall'offerire i tuoi olocausti in qualunque luogo, che ti cada sotto degli occhi.Beware thou offer not thy holocaustes in euerie place, that thou shalt see:Cave ne offeras holocausta tua in omni loco, quem videris: 14But in the place which the Lord shall choose in one of thy tribes shalt thou offer sacrifices, and shalt do all that I command thee.Ma in quello che avrà eletto il Signore in una delle tue tribù, ivi offrirai le ostie, e farai tutto quello che ti prescrivo.but in that, which our Lord shal choose, in one of thy tribes shalt thou offer hostes, and shalt doe what thinges soeuer I command thee.sed in eo, quem elegerit Dominus, in una tribuum tuarum offeres hostias, et facies quæcumque præcipio tibi. 15But if thou desirest to eat, and the eating of flesh delight thee, kill, and eat according to the blessing of the Lord thy God, which he hath given thee, in thy cities: whether it be unclean, that is to say, having blemish or defect: or clean, that is to say, sound and without blemish, such as may be offered, as the roe, and the hart, shalt thou eat it:Che se tu brami, e hai piacere di mangiar delle carni, uccidi e mangia di quello che dalla benedizione del Signore Dio tuo ti è stato dato nelle tue città: sia ella immonda la bestia, cioè macchiata, o stroppiata: sia ella monda, cioè intera, e senza macchia, quale a Dio può offerirsi: così mangerai del cervo, e della capra,But if thou wilt eate, and the eating of flesh delight thee, kil, and eate according to the blessing of the Lord thy God, which he hath geuen thee in thy cities: whether it be vncleane, that is to say, blemished and feeble: or cleane, that is to say, sound and without blemish, such as is lawful to be offered, as the doa and the hart, shalt thou eate it,Sin autem comedere volueris, et te esus carnium delectaverit, occide, comede juxta benedictionem Domini Dei tui, quam dedit tibi in urbibus tuis: sive immundum fuerit, hoc est, maculatum et debile: sive mundum, hoc est, integrum et sine macula, quod offerri licet, sicut capream et cervum, comedes:
16Only the blood thou shalt not eat, but thou shalt pour it out upon the earth as water.Tolto però l'uso del sangue, il qual tu spargerai per terra, come l'acqua.only without eating of the bloud, which thou shalt power out vpon the earth as water.absque esu dumtaxat sanguinis, quem super terram quasi aquam effundes. 17Thou mayst not eat in thy towns the tithes of thy corn, and thy wine, and thy oil, the firstborn of thy herds and thy cattle, nor any thing that thou vowest, and that thou wilt offer voluntarily, and the firstfruits of thy hands:Non potrai mangiar nelle tue città la decima del tuo frumento, e del tuo vino, e dell'olio, i primogeniti degli armenti, e dei greggi, e tutto quello che o per voto, o per libera elezione tu vorrai offerire, né le primizie delle tue mani:Thou canst not eate in thy townes the tithe of thy corne, and wine, and oyle, the first borne of thy heardes and cattel, and al thinges that thou vowest, and that thou wilt offer voluntarily, and the first fruites of thy handes:Non poteris comedere in oppidis tuis decimam frumenti, et vini, et olei tui, primogenita armentorum et pecorum, et omnia quæ voveris, et sponte offerre volueris, et primitias manuum tuarum: 18But thou shalt eat them before the Lord thy God in the place which the Lord thy God shall choose, thou and thy son and thy daughter, and thy manservant, and maidservant, and the Levite that dwelleth in thy cities: and thou shalt rejoice and be refreshed before the Lord thy God in all things, whereunto thou shalt put thy hand.Ma tali cose tu mangerai dinanzi al Signore Dio tuo nel luogo eletto dal Signor Dio tuo tu, e il tuo figliuolo, e la figlia, e il servo, e la serva, e il Levita, che abita nelle tue città; e farai festa, e ti reficerai dinanzi al Signor Dio tuo di tutto quello che hai di bene.but before the Lord thy God shalt thou eate them in the place, which the Lord thy God shal choose, thou and thy sonne and thy daughter, and man seruant, and woman seruant, and the Leuite, that dwelleth in thy cities: and thou shalt reioyce and be refreshed before the Lord thy God in al thinges, whereunto thou shalt extend thy hand.sed coram Domino Deo tuo comedes ea in loco, quem elegerit Dominus Deus tuus, tu et filius tuus, et filia tua, et servus et famula, atque Levites qui manet in urbibus tuis: et lætaberis et reficieris coram Domino Deo tuo in cunctis ad quæ extenderis manum tuam. 19Take heed thou forsake not the Levite all the time that thou livest in the land.Guardati dall'abbandonare il Levita per tutto il tempo, che sarai sulla terra.Take heede thou forsake not the Leuite al the time that thou liuest in the land.Cave ne derelinquas Levitem in omni tempore quo versaris in terra.
20When the Lord thy God shall have enlarged thy borders, as he hath spoken to thee, and thou wilt eat the flesh that thy soul desireth:Allorché il Signore Dio tuo avrà estesi i tuoi confini, come ti ha detto, e vorrai mangiar delle carni, che tu appetisci:When the Lord thy God shal haue dilated thy borders, as he hath spoken to thee, and thou wilt eate the flesh, that thy soule desireth:Quando dilataverit Dominus Deus tuus terminos tuos, sicut locutus est tibi, et volueris vesci carnibus, quas desiderat anima tua: 21And if the place which the Lord thy God shall choose, that his name should be there, be far off, thou shalt kill of thy herds and of thy flocks, as I have commanded thee, and shalt eat in thy towns, as it pleaseth thee.Se il luogo eletto dal Signore Dio tuo per porvi il suo nome è rimoto, ucciderai de' bovi, e delle pecore, che avrai, come ti ho ordinato, e le mangerai nelle città a tuo piacimento.and if the place be farre of, which the Lord thy God shal choose, that his name may be there, thou shalt kil of the heardes and cattel, which thou hast as I haue commanded thee, and shalt eate in thy townes, as it pleaseth thee.locus autem, quem elegerit Dominus Deus tuus ut sit nomen ejus ibi, si procul fuerit, occides de armentis et pecoribus, quæ habueris, sicut præcepi tibi, et comedes in oppidis tuis, ut tibi placet. 22Even as the roe and the hart is eaten, so shalt thou eat them: both the clean and unclean shall eat of them alike.Ti ciberai di queste, come mangi della capra, e del cervo: e ne mangeranno senza distinzione i mondi, e gl'immondi.As the doa is eaten and the hart, so shalt thou eate them: both the cleane and vncleane shal eate in common.Sicut comeditur caprea et cervus, ita vesceris eis: et mundus et immundus in commune vescentur. 23Only beware of this, that thou eat not the blood, for the blood is for the soul: and therefore thou must not eat the soul with the flesh:Guardati solamente dal cibarti del sangue: perocché il sangue degli animali tien luogo di anima per essi: e non devi perciò mangiar l'anima insieme colle carni:This onlie beware, that thou eate not the bloud, for their bloud is for the soule: and therfore thou must not eate the soule with the flesh:Hoc solum cave, ne sanguinem comedas: sanguis enim eorum pro anima est, et idcirco non debes animam comedere cum carnibus: 24But thou shalt pour it upon the earth as water,Ma lo spargerai per terra come l'acqua,but vpon the earth thou shalt power it as water,sed super terram fundes quasi aquam, 25That it may be well with thee and thy children after thee, when thou shalt do that which is pleasing in the sight of the Lord.Affinché tu sii felice, e felici i tuoi figliuoli dopo di te, quando avrai fatto quello che è accetto agli occhi del Signore.that it may be wel with thee and thy children after thee, when thou shalt doe that which pleaseth in the sight of our Lord.ut bene sit tibi et filiis tuis post te, cum feceris quod placet in conspectu Domini.
26But the things which thou hast sanctified and vowed to the Lord, thou shalt take, and shalt come to the place which the Lord shall choose:Le cose poi che avrai santificate, e promesse con voto al Signore, le prenderai, e andrai al luogo eletto dal Signore:But the thinges which thou hast sanctified, and vowed to our Lord, thou shalt take vp, and shalt come to the place, which our Lord shal choose:Quæ autem sanctificaveris, et voveris Domino, tolles, et venies ad locum, quem elegerit Dominus: 27And shalt offer thy oblations, the flesh and the blood upon the altar of the Lord thy God: the blood of thy victims thou shalt pour on the altar: and the flesh thou thyself shalt eat.E farai tua offerta della carne, e del sangue sull'altare del Signore Dio tuo: il sangue dell'ostie lo spargerai intorno all'altare: le carni le mangerai tu.and shalt offer thy oblations the flesh and the bloud vpon the altar of the Lord thy God: the bloud of thy hostes thou shalt power on the altar: and the flesh thy self shalt eate.et offeres oblationes tuas carnem et sanguinem super altare Domini Dei tui: sanguinem hostiarum fundes in altari; carnibus autem ipse vesceris. 28Observe and hear all the things that I command thee, that it may be well with thee and thy children after thee for ever, when thou shalt do what is good and pleasing in the sight of the Lord thy God.Osserva, e pon mente a tutto quello che io ti prescrivo, affinché tu sii felice, e i tuoi figliuoli dopo di te in perpetuo, quando avrai fatto quel che è retto, ed è secondo il beneplacito del Signore Dio tuo.Obserue and heare al thinges that I command thee, that it may be wel with thee and thy children after thee for euer, when thou shalt doe that which is good and pleasing in the sight of the Lord thy God.Observa et audi omnia quæ ego præcipio tibi, ut bene sit tibi et filiis tuis post te in sempiternum, cum feceris quod bonum est et placitum in conspectu Domini Dei tui. 29When the Lord thy God shall have destroyed before thy face the nations, which thou shalt go in to possess, and when thou shalt possess them, and dwell in their land:Quando il Signore Dio tuo avrà sperse dinanzi a te le nazioni, le quali tu stai per soggiogare, e sarai al possesso del loro paese, e abiterai nella loro terra:When the Lord thy God shal haue destroyed before thy face the nations, that thou entrest in to possesse, and thou shalt possesse them, and dwel in their land:Quando disperdiderit Dominus Deus tuus ante faciem tuam gentes, ad quas ingredieris possidendas, et possederis eas, atque habitaveris in terra earum:
30Beware lest thou imitate them, after they are destroyed at thy coming in, and lest thou seek after their ceremonies, saying: As these nations have worshipped their gods, so will I also worship.Guardati dall'imitarle, dopo che alla tua venuta saranno state distrutte, e dall'andare investigando le loro cerimonie, dicendo: Io pure praticherò quella maniera di culto, colla quale hanno onorato i loro dii queste genti.beware lest thou imitate them, after they be subuerted at thy entring in, and thou require their ceremonies, saying: As these nations haue worshipped their goddes, so wil I also worshippe.cave ne imiteris eas, postquam te fuerint introëunte subversæ, et requiras cæremonias earum, dicens: Sicut coluerunt gentes istæ deos suos, ita et ego colam. 31Thou shalt not do in like manner to the Lord thy God. For they have done to their gods all the abominations which the Lord abhorreth, offering their sons and daughters, and burning them with fire.Non renderai simil culto al Signore Dio tuo. Perocché tutte le abominazioni, che sono in odio al Signore Dio tuo, praticarono quelle verso de' loro dei, offerendo a questi i figliuoli, e le figlie, e bruciandoli nelle fiamme.Thou shalt not doe in like maner to the Lord thy God. For al the abominations, that our Lord doeth abhorre, haue they done to their goddes, offering their sonnes and daughters, and burning them with fyre.Non facies similiter Domino Deo tuo. Omnes enim abominationes, quas aversatur Dominus, fecerunt diis suis, offerentes filios et filias, et comburentes igni. 32What I command thee, that only do thou to the Lord: neither add any thing, nor diminish.Fa' in onor del Signore solamente quello che io ti prescrivo: non aggiungere, e non levare.What I command thee, that onlie doe to our Lord: neither adde any thing, nor diminish.Quod præcipio tibi, hoc tantum facito Domino: nec addas quidquam, nec minuas.
12:1
Year of the World 2553.
12:2
12:3
Arnob
Statues. The most ancient idols were not finely carved, but only rough stones. The Phrygian goddess, sent to Rome by Attalus, was a small dark-coloured stone of this nature. (Arnob., contra Gentes. 8.)
Calmet
The Venus of the Arabs was but a stone in the form of a pyramid. (Calmet)
12:5
Haydock
It, where the ark was to be kept. (Haydock)
12:6
Hands, which you have procured by your industry, (Menochius) or what you are able to present to the Lord, Leviticus 5:11.
12:7
Haydock
You. In gratitude, you shall therefore offer your victims. (Haydock)
Menochius
The Jews were accustomed to make a feast thrice a year in the holy city. They might also eat some parts of the peace-offerings. (Menochius)
12:8
Calmet
Himself. Some confine this to the sacrifices, which each person might offer, where he thought proper, till the ark was fixed at Silo. But many other parts of the ceremonial law, seem not to have been in force till the Hebrews crossed the Jordan, Amos 5:25. Circumcision was omitted, as well as most of the festivals. Several laws were, however, designed for the people during their sojournment, such as those which regard the order of judgment, the cleanness of the camp, the purification of women, and of those who had touched a dead body, etc., Exodus 18:25., Numbers 5:2., and Leviticus 15:31. It was not left to their option to observe or to neglect the sabbath, (Numbers 15:32,) the loaves of proposition, or the perpetual fire, etc., Numbers 4:7, 13. (Calmet)
12:11
Menochius
Therein. While you are performing your duty to God, you need not fear the incursions of your enemies; or, according to the Hebrew, Septuagint, and Chaldean, "There shall be a place which....Thither," etc. (Menochius)
Hands. Aquila, etc., have, "your voluntary oblations."
Calmet
Gifts. Hebrew, "your choice-vows." (Calmet)
12:12
Menochius
You. The Levite hath no portion of the land like the rest. He and all people in distress shall be invited to these feasts, chap. 16:11. (Menochius)
12:13
See. On the high places, etc., as the heathens did, (ver. 2,) or in any other place but that which God appointed.
12:15
Haydock
But. Hebrew, "Yet thou mayst kill and eat the flesh which thy soul desireth in all thy gates, with which the Lord thy God hath blessed thee, the unclean and the clean may eat thereof, as of the roe buck," etc. (Haydock)
Calmet
The Vulgate translates ver. 22 in this sense, intimating that these meats did not contract any such peculiar sanctity, as to exclude those who were unclean, ver. 20., and Leviticus 17:3. Fagius pretends, that only the clean were allowed as yet to eat of such meats, though the unclean might eat in the promised land what was lawful, without bringing the beast to be slain before the tabernacle. But this opinion seems to have no solid foundation. Unclean beasts could never be eaten. (Calmet)
Menochius
But those which had any defect, were excluded from being sacrificed, Leviticus 22:22. (Menochius)
12:16
Water, without any ceremony. It was afterwards to be covered, Leviticus 17:13.
12:17
Calmet
Tithes. These were of an extraordinary nature, destined for feasts, chap. 14:22., and Leviticus 27:30. The usual tithes belonged entirely to the Levitical tribe. (Calmet)
First-born, or the most excellent, ver. 11., and Exodus 12:11, 12. The first-born, if it proved to be without defect, and a male, was given to the priests, Numbers 18:15.
Calmet
Voluntarily. If the thing was vowed to the Lord without restriction, it fell to the share of the priests alone: but if the person specified that he intended it for a peace-offering, etc., the priest could only claim what was allotted to him by the law. (Calmet)
Menochius
Hands. The fruits of trees, in the fourth year, may be insinuated. (Josephus, [Antiquities?] 4:8.) (Menochius)
12:18
Menochius
Hand, in all thy undertakings and labours, (Haydock) and in all thy goods. (Menochius)
12:21
Calmet
Far off. Hence many conclude, that those who lived near the tabernacle, were bound to bring the animals which they designed for their own use, to be slain there, as they did in the desert. Others suppose that all were under the same predicament, and are hereby authorized to follow the same regulations, and to eat the flesh, whether they be clean or otherwise, provided they abstain from the blood. See Leviticus 17:3. (Calmet)
Menochius
The custom of bringing the beasts to be slain before the door of the tabernacle, was to be no longer obligatory. (Menochius)
12:22
Calmet
Alike. This must be understood of those who had contracted only a smaller stain, which did not communicate the uncleanness to others, but debarred people from approaching to sacred things. (Calmet)
Menochius
Those who had touched the dead, etc., were not allowed to eat with people, who were not under any such legal uncleanness. (Menochius)
12:23
12:27
Haydock
Oblations. Hebrew, "holocausts....and the blood of the sacrifices," of peace. Parts of the latter were eaten by the offerer, but the former victims were entirely burnt. (Haydock)
12:30
Haydock
Imitate. Hebrew, "be ensnared by imitation them." The example of the wicked, is one of the most dangerous snares which the devil can place in our way. Notwithstanding these repeated admonitions of God, we see how prone the Hebrews were to adopt the superstitious customs of these nations, whose destruction ought surely to have warned them to keep at a distance. (Haydock)
12:31
Fire. See Leviticus 18:21.
12:32
Challoner
That only do thou, etc. They are forbid here to follow the ceremonies of the heathens, or to make any alterations in the divine ordinances. (Challoner)
Worthington
To adopt fresh regulations, in the same spirit, was not forbidden. Thus David ordered those who had kept the baggage, to share equally with the soldiers who had gone into battle; (1 Kings xxx.) and our Saviour approved, by his presence, the feast of the dedication of the temple, instituted long after Moses, 1 Machabees 4., and John 10. (Worthington)
Du Hamel
He perfected the law by the precepts of the gospel, Matthew 5:17. Jospehus (contra Apion ii.) says, "During so many years, no one has dared to retrench any thing from, (the sacred books) or to make any addition to them. We look upon them as of divine authority,....and we would lay down our lives, if necessary, to defend them. (Calmet) Among us, who believe that the law was first given by the will of God, nothing is pious but the exact observance of it. For who can introduce any change, or invent any thing better?" ( Deuteronomy 4:2.) Christ is full of grace and truth, John 1:He has fulfilled the law and the prophets. (Haydock) St. Augustine, contra Faustus 17:2, and 19:9.---"Grace, says he, pertains to the fulness of charity, truth to the completion of the prophecies." (Du Hamel)
12:32
That only do thou, etc.... They are forbid here to follow the ceremonies of the heathens; or to make any alterations in the divine ordinances.
12:5
Peculiar place appropriate to Gods seruice.
12:8
In the desert they could not obserue the ceremonies of the Law: but comming to rest they were bound to kepe al one sette forme of holie rites.
12:32
32 That only do to our Lord.] VVheras the Gentiles offered their sonnes and No hostes lawful in sacrifice but such as the law appointed daughters (v. 31.) and other abominable sacrifices to Idols, God commandeth his people to offer those things only, which are prescribed by the law, and neither to imolate anie other thing, nor exclude anie thing appointed by the same law for sacrifice. As for other preceptes, it is likewise forbid to adde or diminish anie thing that may corrupt the law: but was euer lawful for Superiors, New precepts may be added, not contrarie to the former. to adde more preceptes agreable, and not contrarie to the former. So King Dauid established a new law that such as stayed with the baggage, should haue like portion of the praye, with those that fought in battel. 1. Reg. 30. And our Sauiour by his presence (Ioan 10.) approued the feast of dedication, instituted long after Moyses law. 1. Machab, 4.
12:2
Tertullian † AD 220 Scorpiace 2
… Ye shall overthrow all their altars, ye shall overturn and break in pieces their pillars, and cut down their groves, and burn with fire the graven images of the gods themselves, and destroy the names of them out of that place.”
12:3
St Augustine of Hippo † AD 430 Letters of St. Augustin 130.28
… for it is said, “He maketh intercession for the saints,” because He enables the saints to make intercession, as in another place it is said, “The Lord your God proveth you, that He may know whether ye love Him,”
12:11
St Athanasius of Alexandria † AD 373 Festal and Personal Letters of Athanasius 1
… Even the ignorant Jews received this divine food, through the type, when they ate a lamb in the passover. But not understanding the type, even to this day they eat the lamb, erring in that they are without the city and the truth. As long as Judæa and the city existed, there were a type, and a lamb, and a shadow, since the law thus commanded
Pseudo-Clement The Recognitions of Clement 1.37
“In addition to these things, he also appointed a place in which alone it should be lawful to them to sacrifice to God.
12:13
St Basil the Great † AD 379 De Spiritu Sancto 26
… This is the special and peculiar place of true worship; for it is said “Take heed to thyself that thou offer not thy burnt offerings in every place…but in the place the Lord thy God shall choose.”
12:30
Tertullian † AD 220 Scorpiace 2
… “Take heed to thy self, that thou do not follow them after they be driven out from before thee, that thou do not inquire after their gods, saying, As the nations serve their gods, so let me do likewise.”
12:31
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 The Homilies on the Statues to the People of Antioch 14.7
… for his daughter first meeting him, he sacrificed her and God did not forbid it. And I know, indeed, that many of the unbelievers impugn us of cruelty and inhumanity on account of this sacrifice; but I should say, that the concession
12:32
St Augustine of Hippo † AD 430 Reply to Faustus the Manichæan 17.2
… Their author and father condemns adding to them as much as taking away anything from them; as we read in Deuteronomy: "These precepts which I deliver unto thee this day, O Israel, thou shalt observe to do; thou shalt not turn aside from them to the right hand or to the left; thou shalt not add thereto nor diminish from it, that thy God may bless thee."
12:2
2. NATIONS WHOSE (that is, whose land and riches) YOU SHALL POSSESS. UNDER EVERY LEAFY TREE. — For the Gentiles consecrated trees to gods, especially to Diana, whom they thought delighted in groves. Hence in the histories of the Martyrs we often read that they were led to some tree, that they might adore gods there; nor was it rare for these trees to be uprooted by the roots at the prayers of the Martyrs.
12:3
3. DESTROY THEIR NAMES. — Thus it should be read with the Roman and Hebrew texts, not "of them," as the Plantin edition reads, that is to say, Destroy their idols and their temples, altars and groves, so that not even the memory of the idols remains in them, nay, so that their names are utterly blotted out and buried in eternal oblivion.
12:4
4. YOU SHALL NOT DO SO TO THE LORD YOUR GOD, — that is to say, Not everywhere in mountains, hills, and groves, as the idolaters do, but in one place only which the Lord shall choose, shall you sacrifice. Where note: God first chose the place Shiloh; for there the tabernacle and altar were placed, Joshua XVIII, 8, and it remained there throughout the time of the Judges, until Eli, as appears Judges, last chapter, verse 9. Thence God willed it to be transferred to Nob, I Kings XXI, 1; thence to Gibeon; thence finally Solomon transferred it to Jerusalem, to the temple built by him, II Paralipomenon, chapter I, verses 3 and 13.
12:5
5. THAT HE MAY PUT HIS NAME THERE, — that the memory of his name may be specially in that place, and there he may be worshipped, and he himself may dwell there, as in his temple.
12:6
6. THE FIRSTFRUITS OF YOUR HANDS, — the firstfruits of fruits, which you have reaped with your hands and labor. VOWS, — oblations made from a vow.
12:7
7. YOU SHALL EAT IN THE SIGHT OF YOUR GOD, — of the peace offerings, or of the oblations which it is lawful for the laity to eat. For the laity could not eat of the sin offerings, votive offerings, and holocausts, as appears Numbers XVIII, 9 and 15. IN THE SIGHT OF GOD, — that is, in the court, before the tabernacle, which is the seat and house of God. IN ALL TO WHICH YOU SHALL PUT YOUR HAND (which things namely you have procured for yourselves by your labor, in these) YOU SHALL REJOICE, — feasting upon them before the Lord.
Concerning Joy in Worship Note: God willed that the Jews celebrate their feasts and sacrifices with joy, so that they might return to them more willingly and frequently, and so that He might incite them, and especially Christians, to spiritual joy, by which God desires to be worshipped, so that thus in gladness, as it were in a perpetual feast with Him, we might enter, which we shall consummate in heaven. Thus David, Psalm XXVI, 4: "My soul refused to be comforted: I was mindful of God, and was delighted." And Psalm LXXXIII, 3: "My soul longeth and fainteth for the courts of the Lord. My heart and my flesh have rejoiced in the living God." And St. Paul, I Thessalonians V, 16: "Rejoice always." And Philippians IV, 4: "Rejoice in the Lord always, again I say, rejoice." Again Psalm LXVII, 4: "Let the just feast and rejoice before God, and be delighted in gladness." Rejoice, not in the world, but in the Lord. "That true and only joy is, which is conceived not from a creature, but from the Creator, and which, when you possess it, no one shall take from you; compared to which all pleasure from elsewhere is sorrow, all sweetness pain, all sweetness bitterness, all beauty foulness, and finally whatever else can delight, troublesome," says St. Bernard, epistle 114. Thus Queen Esther, chapter XIV, 16: "Thou knowest (O Lord) that I abhor the sign of my pride and glory, which is upon my head; and that thy handmaid hath never been glad (O pure heart!) from the day I was brought hither until this present time, but in thee, O Lord God." This gladness dilates the heart and spirit, and quickens the soul and body, and obtains all things from God. "Delight in the Lord, and He will give thee the petitions of thy heart," Psalm XXXVI, 4. "A joyful mind maketh a flourishing age: a sorrowful spirit drieth up the bones," Proverbs XXVII, 22. Again it overcomes all hardships: "And the apostles went from the presence of the council, rejoicing that they were accounted worthy to suffer reproach for the name of Jesus." And Paul: "Most gladly will I glory in my infirmities." And James: "Count it all joy, my brethren, when you shall fall into divers temptations." Ecclesiastes suggests the means to this joy, chapter III, verse 12: "I knew," he says, "that there was no better thing than to rejoice, and to do well in this life." Dost thou wish always to be joyful? Do well: a good conscience always rejoices. "The fear of the Lord will delight the heart, and will give joy and gladness, and length of days," Ecclesiasticus I, 11. Who would not always rejoice in tribulations, thinking of that saying of St. Paul? "The momentary and light tribulation of ours worketh for us above measure exceedingly an eternal weight of glory."
12:8
8. EACH ONE WHAT SEEMETH RIGHT TO HIM. — For the Hebrews did not observe these ceremonial precepts in the desert, as I also said above.
12:10
10 and 11. DWELL IN THE PLACE WHICH THE LORD SHALL CHOOSE, — that is to say, Remain securely in the place where the tabernacle is, when all Israel, according to my precept, shall gather to it three times a year, not fearing lest enemies invade your borders.
12:12
12. THE LEVITES WHO DWELL IN THY CITIES. — "Thy," namely which thou, O Israel, hast given to the Levites: for in the forty-eight cities given to them by the people, the Levites dwelt separately.
12:15
15. BUT IF THOU WILT EAT (namely flesh, outside the tabernacle, in thy city) EAT ACCORDING TO THE BLESSING OF THE LORD THY GOD, — that is, eat of those things which God hath given thee bountifully and liberally. WHETHER IT BE CLEAN OR UNCLEAN, THAT IS BLEMISHED. — "Blemished," that is maimed (for it is opposed to whole), for instance if it be blind, lame, mutilated: for these are the blemishes of victims, as is evident from Leviticus XXII, 22. THOU SHALT EAT IT AS THE ROE AND THE HART. — The word "as" is to be referred not to the preceding "offer," but to the following "thou shalt eat"; for the sense is: Thou shalt eat those things which can be sacrificed to the Lord, namely sheep and oxen, even if they be maimed, which it is not lawful to sacrifice, as the roe and the hart, which likewise it is not lawful to sacrifice: it is evident from the Hebrew.
12:18
18. IN ALL THINGS TO WHICH THOU SHALT STRETCH FORTH THY HAND, — that is in all thy goods and possessions.
12:20
20 and 21. WHEN, etc., THOU SHALT DESIRE TO EAT FLESH, etc., THE PLACE WHICH THE LORD THY GOD SHALL CHOOSE, THAT HIS NAME MAY BE THERE, IF IT BE FAR OFF, THOU SHALT KILL OF THY HERDS AND FLOCKS, etc., AND THOU SHALT EAT. — Note: God commanded in Leviticus, chapter III, last verse, and chapter XVII, verse 11, that all the blood of animals slaughtered for Him be poured out and offered; but the fat of those animals which could be sacrificed, namely sheep, oxen and goats, even if they were not actually sacrificed but only slaughtered for eating, He commanded to be burned and consumed for Him, Leviticus VII, 25, if namely this animal were slaughtered at Jerusalem or not far from the temple. Whence here, He does not indeed establish by express law, but nevertheless tacitly suggests that it is fitting that those who dwell not far from the temple, when they wish to slaughter some such animal, namely one that can be sacrificed, for eating, should slaughter it at the door of the tabernacle or temple, both that the blood may be poured out before God, and that the fat may be burned for God, which being done they may eat the remaining flesh. For although "the place which the Lord chose" can be understood as Jerusalem, or the city in which the tabernacle or temple was; yet it is more properly understood as the temple or tabernacle itself, because it is added, "that his name may be there:" for this properly belongs to the temple, as I said verses 5 and 14. Again, although the inhabitants of Jerusalem could by strict law absolutely slaughter a sheep and ox at home, provided they poured out the blood for God and sent the fat to the temple to be burned for God: yet it was more fitting and worthy of God that they be slaughtered near the temple, so that thus they might be reckoned as it were to be slaughtered and offered to God through their first fruits and noblest parts, namely through the blood which was poured out for God before the tabernacle, and through the fat which was burned for God with other victims on the altar of holocausts: hence it seems to follow that these animals were almost always slaughtered by priests, of whom therefore there was a great multitude, to whom some part of the slaughtered animal was given as a fee. But because it would have been too burdensome for those who dwelt in other cities, especially those remote from the temple, to bring each of their oxen and sheep to be slaughtered to Jerusalem to the temple, and thence to carry them home slaughtered: hence God here makes a dispensation with them, and permits them to slaughter them at their own home, provided they pour out the blood there for the Lord, and abstain from eating the fat out of honor to the Lord; thus Abulensis, Oleaster and others. Learn here, Christian, how you ought to offer all your feasts and food to God, and how both before and after table you ought to bless God. Lyranus, however, thinks this law speaks only of the firstborn of sheep and oxen, which ought to be offered and sacrificed in the tabernacle or temple: but if they were far from it, the owners could sell them or eat them, provided they brought their price to the temple, as is said chapter XIV, verse 24. But here no mention is made of firstborn, but only of flesh. Again, those firstborn in chapter XIV are commanded to be sold, and the price brought to the temple, so that from it another animal may be bought which is to be sacrificed to God, and then they may feast on it before the Lord: which things are plainly different from this case. Finally, from the firstborn, as being sacrificed to God, the unclean could not eat, yet they could eat of this flesh, as is evident from the following verse.
12:22
22. THE CLEAN AND UNCLEAN SHALL EAT TOGETHER. — In Hebrew, together or equally, that is without distinction, shall eat: because namely these meats are not offered to God.
12:23
23. FOR THE BLOOD OF THEM IS THE SOUL. — In Hebrew, Chaldean and Septuagint, the blood of them is the soul, that is the blood of them is the vehicle of the soul, that is of life: because life is nourished and preserved by blood, and therefore in place of the animal and the life of the animal, I wish blood to be given and poured out to me: do not therefore eat the life of it by eating the blood; for life is owed to me. See what is said Leviticus, chapter V, last verse, and chapter XVII, 11.
12:27
27. AT THE ALTAR, — near the altar, at the base of the altar. THOU SHALT EAT OF THE FLESH, — if namely you have offered them as a peace offering.
12:32
32. WHAT I COMMAND THEE, THAT ONLY DO, — as if to say, Do not make or devise in your heart an idol, as has gone before; but in the things and ceremonies of God, do only that which God has commanded either by Himself or through His vicars, namely priests. See what is said chapter IV, verse 2.
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
12:3
… The m. was often an idolatrous stele, alongside the 'āferāh and the altar, in Canaanite sanctuaries or sacred high places (Ex. 32, 24; 34, 13; Deut. 7, 5; 12, 3; Jer. 43, 13; in Ez. 26, 11 "protecting columns," like those at the entrance of the temple of Melkart at Tyre).
12:4
While the unity of the national sanctuary (connected with the Ark of the Covenant) was never denied in law, the law of the unity of worship (Lev. 17:1-9; Deut. 12:4-25, often recalled in the following chapters) was not applied in an absolute manner in Israel to the unity of altar, when circumstances demanded otherwise. …
Bamah (Heb. "height"; plural Bāmāth)
The Bible mentions the 'Āšērāh, pl. 'Āšērīm (Deut. 12:4; 7:5, etc.), the hammānīm (Lev. 26:30; II Par. 14:4) (v. Baal), tents (Ez. 16:16, 18), altars erected on high hills and mountain peaks, under leafy trees, where incense was …
12:5
… The centralization (cf. Lev. 17:1-9; Deut. 12:5-14) was maintained also afterward around the Ark; when later the Temple was built in Jerusalem, it was recognized as the only legitimate place for sacrificing (except for exceptional …
12:6
The amount and the manner of collecting this tribute were not always the same (Lev. 27, 30-33; Num. 18, 20-32; Deut. 12, 6, 11; 14, 22-29; 17-19; 26, 12-15; cf. Am. 4, 4). Numbers and Deuteronomy consider grain, new wine and oil subject to the tithe. …
… And they fixed the quantity of the offering, between 1/40 and 1/60 (St. Jerome, In Ezechielem, 45:13 f.; PL 25, 451). The offering at the Temple (Deut. 12:6 ff.) had its own rite (ibid., 26:1-11); the first fruits, arranged in a basket, were placed before Jahweh. …
12:12
… had to be "waved" between the altar and the sanctuary) fell to the priest; the remainder of the flesh belonged to the offerer, who ate it within the sacred precinct and invited his relatives and other persons, especially the poor, to the banquet (cf. Deut. 12:12, 18; 16:11 ff.; I Sam. 1:4 ff.; Ps. 21:26 ff.): legal purity was necessary for participation in the sacrificial banquet. …
12:13
… Moses did not entirely exclude other altars (Ex. 20:24; Deut. 12:13 ff.). …
… absolute centralization of the place of worship for the time when it will be in Palestine (vv. 8-12). Thus the text has been interpreted by later sacred authors: cf. I Kings 15:14; 22:24; II Kings 12:4; 14:4; 15:4-34. Particular prescriptions grant (Deut. 12:13-19), for the time prior to the complete occupation of Palestine, the private slaughter of animals, not having a sacrificial character, and this (Deut. 12:20-27) even in perpetuity for …
12:14
… The ancient worship of Micah in Ephraim was not idolatrous, but its manner of proceeding is condemned (Judg. 17:6), because it was contrary to the Mosaic legislation (Ex. 20:4; Deut. 12:14; Lev. 17:8 ff.). …
12:19
Levites (Heb. Lēwī, pl. Lēwījīm; Gr. Lēwījī, pl. -ai)
of war (Num. 31:30) and with the tithes (ibid. 18:21-24; cf. Lev. 27:30). In Deut. 12:19; 14:27, etc. the people are exhorted not to let them lack what is necessary. …
12:20
… authors: cf. I Kings 15:14; 22:24; II Kings 12:4; 14:4; 15:4-34. Particular prescriptions grant (Deut. 12:13-19), for the time prior to the complete occupation of Palestine, the private slaughter of animals, not having a sacrificial character, and this (Deut. 12:20-27) even in perpetuity for places very distant from the single sanctuary.
12:23
BLOOD. - The contact of blood, which the experience of primitive peoples considers as the organic element closely bound to life (cf. Lev. 17:14; Deut. 12:23), is held to produce two diametrically opposed effects: one positive and beneficial, the other negative and harmful, depending on its quality and the circumstances in which the contact occurs.
12:28
1. The Old Testament. - Traces of the solution are already contained in it. To escape from sin, first of all observance of the Law is necessary, recommended by God himself or by Moses and the Prophets in God's name (cf. Deut. 4:1 ff.; 6:4 ff.; 12:28 ff.; Lev. 18:5; Ezek. 18:5 ff.; cf. Tob. 12:9). At the same time, trust in the God who saves is required, as the Psalms especially inculcate, and above all faith in God and in the One …
12:31
(cf. Lev. 20:1-5; Deut. 12:31; 19:9 ff.). …
The Mosaic law, with severe prohibition, sought to preserve Israel from this horrible Canaanite cult (Lev. 18:21; 20:2; Deut. 12:31; 18:10); and the prophets (the cited passages of Jeremiah and Ezekiel) inveighed against the morbid deviation of popular religion, which in its syncretism practiced such abominations. …
Sacrifices of human lives, widely practiced by ancient peoples (Sumerians, Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, Germans) are severely prohibited in the Bible, which considers them as an impiety proper to the Canaanites (Lev. 18:21; 20:1-5; Deut. 12:31; 18:9 ff.). …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.