Ioachaz King of Israel is afflicted by the Syrians, 4. and deliuered. 6. Yet destroyeth not idolatrie. 8. dieth, and his sonne Ioas foloweth his euil steppes. •4. Eliseus being sicke willeth the king to shoote, 18. and to strike the earth, who striking thrise, is told that he shal thrise strike the Syrians. 20. Eliseus dieth, and a dead men is reuiued touching his bones. 22. Ioas recouereth that which the Syrians •ad taken from Israel.
1In the three and twentieth year of Joas son of Ochozias, king of Juda, Joachaz, the son of Jehu, reigned over Israel, in Samaria, seventeen years.L'anno ventitre di Gioas figliuolo di Ochozia re di Giuda, regnò Joachaz figliuolo di Jehu sopra Israele in Samaria per diciassette anni.IN the three and twenteth yeare of Ioas the sonne of Ochozias the king of Iuda, reigned Ioachaz the sonne of Iehu ouer Israel in Samaria, seuentene yeares.Anno vigesimo tertio Joas filii Ochoziæ regis Juda, regnavit Joachaz filius Jehu super Israël in Samaria decem et septem annis. 2And he did evil before the Lord, and followed the sins of Jeroboam, the son of Nabat, who made Israel to sin; and he departed not from them.Ed egli fece il male nel cospetto del Signore, e imitò i peccati di Geroboam figliuolo di Nabath (il quale fece peccare Israele), né mai se ne ritrasse.And he did euil before our Lord, and folowed the sinnes of Ieroboam the sonne of Nabat, who made Israel to sinne, and declined not from them.Et fecit malum coram Domino, secutusque est peccata Jeroboam filii Nabat, qui peccare fecit Israël, et non declinavit ab eis. 3And the wrath of the Lord was kindled against Israel, and he delivered them into the hand of Hazael, the king of Syria, and into the hand of Benadad, the son of Hazael, all days.E si accese il furor del Signore contro Israele, e li diede in potere di Hazael re di Siria, e in potere di Benadad figliuolo di Hazael per tutto quel tempo.And the furie of our Lord was wrath agaynst Israel, and he deliuered them into the hand of Hazael the king of Syria, and into the hand of Benadad the sonne of Hazael, alwaies.Iratusque est furor Domini contra Israël, et tradidit eos in manu Hazaël regis Syriæ, et in manu Benadad filii Hazaël, cunctis diebus. 4But Joachaz besought the face of the Lord, and the Lord heard him: for he saw the distress of Israel, because the king of Syria had oppressed them:Ma Joachaz si presento supplichevole dinanzi al Signore, e il Signore lo esaudì, perchè egli rimirò le angustie d'Israele, straziato dai re di Siria:But Ioachaz besought the face of our Lord, and our Lord heard him for he saw the distresse of Israel, that the king of Syria had broken them:Deprecatus est autem Joachaz faciem Domini, et audivit eum Dominus: vidit enim angustiam Israël, quia attriverat eos rex Syriæ: 5And the Lord gave Israel a saviour, and they were delivered out of the hand of the king of Syria: and the children of Israel dwelt in their pavilions as yesterday and the day before.E mandò il Signore un salvatore ad Israele, e questi fu liberato dal potere dei re di Siria, onde i figliuoli d'Israele poteron vivere nelle loro tende come pell'avanti.and our Lord gaue a sauiour to Israel, and they were deliuered out of the hand of the king of Syria: and the children of Israel dwelt in their tabernacles as yesterday and the day before.et dedit Dominus salvatorem Israëli, et liberatus est de manu regis Syriæ: habitaveruntque filii Israël in tabernaculis suis sicut heri et nudiustertius.
6But yet they departed not from the sins of the house of Jeroboam, who made Israel to sin, but walked in them: and there still remained a grove also in Samaria.Eglino con tutto ciò non lasciarono i peccati della casa di Geroboam, il quale indusse Israele a peccare, ma gli imitarono, conciossiache anche quel bosco rimase in piedi in Samaria.But yet they departed not from the sinnes of Ieroboam who made Israel to sinne, but they walked in them: for the grone also remayned in Samaria.Verumtamen non recesserunt a peccatis domus Jeroboam, qui peccare fecit Israël, sed in ipsis ambulaverunt: siquidem et lucus permansit in Samaria. 7And Joachaz had no more left of the people than fifty horsemen, and ten chariots, and ten thousand footmen: for the king of Syria had slain them, and had brought them low as dust by threshing in the barnfloor.Or della gente (da guerra) non restavano a Joachaz se non cinquanta soldati a cavallo, e dieci cocchi, e diecimila fanti; perocché il re di Siria ne avea fatto macello, e gli avea ridotti come la polvere dell'aia, dove si batte il grano.And there were leaft to Ioachaz of the people but fiftie horsemen, and ten chariotes, and ten thousand footmen: for the king of Syria had slaine them, and had brought them as dust by threshing in the barne floore.Et non sunt derelicti Joachaz de populo nisi quinquaginta equites, et decem currus, et decem millia peditum: interfecerat enim eos rex Syriæ, et redegerat quasi pulverem in tritura areæ. 8But the rest of the acts of Joachaz, and all that he did, and his valour, are they not written in the book of the words of the days of the kings of Israel?Il rimanente poi delle azioni di Joachaz, e tutto quello, ch'egli operò, e la sua fortezza, queste cose non son elleno descritte nel diario de' fatti dei re d'Israele?But the rest of the wordes of Ioachaz, and al that he did, and his strength, are not these thinges writen in the Booke of the wordes of the daies of the kinges of Israel?Reliqua autem sermonum Joachaz, et universa quæ fecit, et fortitudo ejus, nonne hæc scripta sunt in libro sermonum dierum regum Israël ? 9And Joachaz slept with his fathers, and they buried him in Samaria: and Joas, his son, reigned in his stead.E Joachaz andò a riposare co' padri suoi, e lo seppellirono in Samaria, e Gioas suo figliuolo gli succedette nel regno.And Ioachaz slept with his fathers, & they buried him in Samaria: and Ioas his sonne reigned for him.Dormivitque Joachaz cum patribus suis, et sepelierunt eum in Samaria: regnavitque Joas filius ejus pro eo. 10In the seven and thirtieth year of Joas, king of Juda, Joas the son of Joachaz reigned over Israel, in Samaria, sixteen years.L'anno trentasettesimo di Gioas re di Giuda, Gioas figliuolo di Joachaz regnò sopra Israele in Samaria per anni sedici,In the seuen and thirteth yeare of Ioas the king of Iuda reigned Ioas the sonne of Ioachaz ouer Israel in Samaria sixtene yeares,Anno trigesimo septimo Joas regis Juda, regnavit Joas filius Joachaz super Israël in Samaria sedecim annis.
11And he did that which is evil in the sight of the Lord: he departed not from all the sins of Jeroboam, the son of Nabat, who made Israel to sin; but he walked in them.Ed egli fece il male nel cospetto del Signore; non si ritrasse da veruno dei peccati di Geroboam figliuolo di Nabath (il quale indusse Israele a peccare), ma gli imitò.and he did that which is euil in the sight of our Lord, he declined not from al the sinnes of Ieroboam the sonne of Nabat, who made Israel to sinne, but he walked in them.Et fecit quod malum est in conspectu Domini: non declinavit ab omnibus peccatis Jeroboam filii Nabat, qui peccare fecit Israël, sed in ipsis ambulavit. 12But the rest of the acts of Joas, and all that he did, and his valour wherewith he fought against Amasias, king of Juda, are they not written in the book of the words of the days of the kings of Israel?Ma il rimanente delle azioni di Gioas, e tutte le cose, ch'ei fece, e il suo valore, e come ei fece guerra ad Amasia re di Giuda, tutto questo non è egli descritto nel diario de' fatti dei re a Israele?But the rest of the wordes of Ioas, and al that he did, and his strength, how he fought agaynst Amasias the king of Iuda, are not these thinges writen in the Booke of the wordes of the dayes of the kinges of Israel?Reliqua autem sermonum Joas, et universa quæ fecit, et fortitudo ejus, quomodo pugnaverit contra Amasiam regem Juda, nonne hæc scripta sunt in libro sermonum dierum regum Israël ? 13And Joas slept with his fathers; and Jeroboam sat upon his throne. But Joas was buried in Samaria, with the kings of Israel.E Gioas andò a riposare co' padri suoi; e Geroboam sali sul trono di lui. E Gioas fu sepolto in Samaria cogli altri re d'Israele.And Ioas slept with his fathers: but Ieroboam sate vpon his throne. Moreouer Ioas, was buried in Samaria with the kinges of Israel.Et dormivit Joas cum patribus suis: Jeroboam autem sedit super solium ejus. Porro Joas sepultus est in Samaria cum regibus Israël. 14Now Eliseus was sick of the illness whereof he died: and Joas, king of Israel, went down to him, and wept before him, and said: O my father, my father, the chariot of Israel, and the guider thereof.Or Eliseo era malato di quella malattia, di cui morì, e Gioas re d'Israele andò a trovarlo, e piangeva dinanzi a lui, e diceva: Padre mio, padre mio, cocchio, e cocchiere d'Israele.And Eliseus was sicke of an infirmitie, wherof also he died: and Ioas the king of Israel went downe to him, and wept before him, and sayd: My father, my father, the chariote of Israel and the garder therof.Eliseus autem ægrotabat infirmitate, qua et mortuus est: descenditque ad eum Joas rex Israël, et flebat coram eo, dicebatque: Pater mi, pater mi, currus Israël et auriga ejus.
15And Eliseus said to him: Bring a bow and arrows. And when he had brought him a bow and arrows,Ed Eliseo disse: Porta qua un arco con delle frecce: e quando quegli ebbe portato l'arco, e le frecce,And Eliseus sayd to him: fetch a bow and arrowes. And when he had brought him a bow, and arrowes,Et ait illi Eliseus: Affer arcum et sagittas. Cumque attulisset ad eum arcum et sagittas, 16He said to the king of Israel: Put thy hand upon the bow. And when he had put his hand, Eliseus put his hands over the king’s hands,Egli disse al re d'Israele: Metti la tua mano sull'arco. E quando il re vi ebbe posta la mano, Eliseo pose le sue mani sulle mani del re,he sayd to the king of Israel: Put thy hand vpon the bow. And when he had put his hand, Eliseus put his handes ouer the kinges handes,dixit ad regem Israël: Pone manum tuam super arcum. Et cum posuisset ille manum suam, superposuit Eliseus manus suas manibus regis, 17And said: Open the window to the east. And when he had opened it, Eliseus said: Shoot an arrow. And he shot. And Eliseus said: The arrow of the Lord’s deliverance, and the arrow of the deliverance from Syria: and thou shalt strike the Syrians in Aphec, till thou consume them.E disse: Apri la finestra a levante. E quando quegli la ebbe aperta, disse Eliseo: Tira la freccia. Ed ei la tirò, ed Eliseo disse: Freccia di salute del Signore, freccia di salute contro la Siria: tu metterai in rotta la Siria ad Aphec fino all'esterminio.and sayd: Open the east window. And when he had opened it, Eliseus sayd: Shote an arrow. And he shot. And Eliseus sayd: The arrow of the saluation of our Lord, and the arrow of saluation agaynst Syria: and thou shalt strike Syria in Aphec, til thou consume it.et ait: Aperi fenestram orientalem. Cumque aperuisset, dixit Eliseus: Jace sagittam. Et jecit. Et ait Eliseus: Sagitta salutis Domini, et sagitta salutis contra Syriam: percutiesque Syriam in Aphec, donec consumas eam. 18And he said: Take the arrows. And when he had taken them, he said to him: Strike with an arrow upon the ground. And he struck three times, and stood still.E disse: Prendi delle frecce. E quand'ei le ebbe prese, gli disse di bel nuovo: Percuoti colle tue frecce la terra. E quegli la percosse tre volte, e si fermò:And he sayd: Take vp the arrowes. Who when he had taken them agayne, he sayd to him: Strike the earth with a iauelin. And when he had striken three times, and stood stil,Et ait: Tolle sagittas. Qui cum tulisset, rursum dixit ei: Percute jaculo terram. Et cum percussisset tribus vicibus, et stetisset,
19And the man of God was angry with him, and said: If thou hadst smitten five or six or seven times, thou hadst smitten Syria even to utter destruction: but now three times shalt thou smite it.E l'uomo di Dio si adirò contro di lui, e disse: Se tu avessi dato cinque, o sei, o sette colpi, tu avresti sconfitta la Siria fino all'ultimo esterminio: ora poi tu la porrai in rotta tre volte.the man of God was angrie with him, & sayd: If thou hadst striken fiue or six or seuen times, thou hadst striken Syria euen to destruction: but now three times shalt thou strike it.iratus est vir Dei contra eum, et ait: Si percussisses quinquies, aut sexies, sive septies, percussisses Syriam usque ad consumptionem: nunc autem tribus vicibus percuties eam. 20And Eliseus died, and they buried him. And the rovers from Moab came into the land the same year.Eliseo di poi si morì, e lo seppellirono. Or lo stesso anno i ladroni di Moab entrarono nel paese.Eliseus therfore died, and they buried him. And the rouers of Moab came into the land the same yeare.Mortuus est ergo Eliseus, et sepelierunt eum. Latrunculi autem de Moab venerunt in terram in ipso anno. 21And some that were burying a man, saw the rovers, and cast the body into the sepulchre of Eliseus. And when it had touched the bones of Eliseus, the man came to life and stood upon his feet.E certuni, che portavano a seppellire un uomo, videro i ladroni, e gettarono quel cadavere nel sepolcro di Eliseo; e toccate che ebbe le ossa di Eliseo, quell'uomo risuscitò, e si alzò su' suoi piedi.And certayne persons burying a man, saw the rouers, and threw the bodie in the sepulchre of Eliseus. Which when it had touched the bones of Eliseus, the man reuiued, and stood vpon his feete.Quidam autem sepelientes hominem, viderunt latrunculos, et projecerunt cadaver in sepulchro Elisei. Quod cum tetigisset ossa Elisei, revixit homo, et stetit super pedes suos. 22Now Hazael, king of Syria, afflicted Israel all the days of Joachaz.Hazael re di Siria straziò Israele tutto il tempo del regno di Joachaz.Hazael therfore the king of Syria afflicted Israel al the daies of Ioachaz:Igitur Hazaël rex Syriæ afflixit Israël cunctis diebus Joachaz: 23And the Lord had mercy on them, and returned to them, because of his covenant, which he had made with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob: and he would not destroy them, nor utterly cast them away, unto this present time.Ma il Signore ebbe pietà di essi, e torno a loro a causa del patto fatto da lui con Abramo, e Isacco, e Giacobbe: e non volle sperderli, né rigettarli affatto sino a questo tempo.and our Lord had mercie on them, and returned to them for his couenant, which he had with Abraham, and Isaac, and Iacob: and he would not destroy them, nor vtterly cast them away, vntil this present time.et misertus est Dominus eorum, et reversus est ad eos propter pactum suum, quod habebat cum Abraham, et Isaac, et Jacob: et noluit disperdere eos, neque projicere penitus usque in præsens tempus.
24And Hazael, king of Syria, died; and Benadad, his son, reigned in his stead.Or Hazael re di Siria morì, e gli succedette nel regno Benadad suo figliuolo.And Hazael the king of Syria died, and Benadad his sonne reigned for him.Mortuus est autem Hazaël rex Syriæ, et regnavit Benadad filius ejus pro eo. 25Now Joas the son of Joachaz, took the cities out of the hand of Benadad, the son of Hazael, which he had taken out of the hand of Joachaz, his father, by war; three times did Joas beat him, and he restored the cities to Israel.Ma Gioas figliuolo di Joachaz ritolse a Benadad figliuolo di Hazael le città, che questi avea tolte in guerra a Joachaz suo padre. Gioas tre volte lo sconfisse, ed egli rendè ad Israele quel le città.Moreouer Ioas the sonne of Ioachaz, tooke the cities out of the hand of Benadad the sonne of Hazael, which he had taken out of the hand of Ioachaz his father by the right of warre, three times did Ioas strike him, and he deliuered the cities to Israel.Porro Joas filius Joachaz tulit urbes de manu Benadad filii Hazaël, quas tulerat de manu Joachaz patris sui jure prælii: tribus vicibus percussit eum Joas, et reddidit civitates Israël.
13:1
Year of the World 3148, Year before Christ 856.
Years. Two with his son Joas, (Usher) or three. (Capell) (Du Hamel) See ver. 10.
13:3
Menochius
Days, while Joachaz lived, ver. 22. (Menochius)
Calmet
Yet Benadad only molested his son. (Calmet)
Haydock
Hazael proved a dreadful scourge in the hand of God, to punish his people, 4 Kings 8:12. (Haydock)
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Haydock
Saviour, in the person of Joas, (ver. 23.; Tostat) after the death of Joachaz, whose repentance preserved him, at least, in this world. (Haydock)
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Challoner
A grove, dedicated to the worship of idols. (Challoner)
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Floor. Amos (1:3.) informs us, that Hazael had crushed the inhabitants of Galaad to death with iron chariots.
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Tirinus
Valour, or personal courage, (Calmet) though he gained no complete victory. The most valiant are not always successful. (Tirinus)
Haydock
Fortiter ille facit qui miser esse potest. (Martial) (Haydock)
Tirinus
Joachaz did not quite sink under his troubles. (Tirinus)
13:9
Year of the World 3165, Year before Christ 839.
13:10
Year of the World 3163, Year before Christ 841.
Seven. To complete the number seventeen, (ver. 1.) it ought to be "nine" ending. (Houbigant, p. 109.) See 4 Kings 14:23.
Ibid.[Houbigant
Years. If Jeroboam reigned in the 15th year of Amasias, and his father in the 37th of Joas, and not in the 39th almost complete, this king would have held dominion eighteen years. (Ibid.[Houbigant, p. 109.?])
13:12
Juda, who was the aggressor. See 2 Paralipomenon 25:23.
13:13
Calmet
Throne, for ten years, along with his father. From this period the reign of Azarias must be dated, 4 Kings 15:1. (Usher) (Calmet)
13:14
Year of the World 3165.
The illness. Hebrew, Septuagint, and Chaldean, "of his sickness whereof he also died;" insinuating that he had been before afflicted with this infirmity.
To him, probably in the same city of Samaria.
Menochius
Wept. See how he loved him! He was concerned for the welfare of his kingdom. (Menochius)
13:17
Menochius
East, looking towards Galaad, (Hadock) which the Syrians occupied. (Menochius)
Plutarch
These actions were all significative and prophetical. The throwing of a dart was formerly the mode of declaring war. (Virgil, Aeneid ix.) Justin (ii.) says, "Alexander first threw a javelin, as against a hostile country." Thus also the ancients took possession. (Varro) (V. Max. iii., etc.) The people of Andros and Chalcis, sent each a deputy to seize Acanthos, when it had been abandoned by its inhabitants. The man from Andros, perceiving the other before him, threw his dart at the gate, and it was decided that he had thus lawfully obtained possession. (Plutarch, q. Graec.; Selden, Mare. Claus. iv.)
The action of Joas may be considered in both lights.
Menochius
Them. We do not read the particulars of this battle: but it must have been very bloody. One of the three victories (ver. 25.) of Joas was probably obtained at Aphec, (Calmet) a place memorable for the victory of Achab, over the same Syrians, 3 Kings 20:26. (Menochius)
13:18
Haydock
Still. This shewed a degree of remissness. (Haydock)
Menochius
It was natural for the king to conclude, that the more he struck the earth, the greater would be his success; (Calmet) and the prophet had, perhaps, insinuated as much. (Menochius)
13:19
Haydock
Angry. Septuagint, "grieved." (Haydock)
Tirinus
Or seven is omitted in Hebrew and Septuagint. This text proves that God knows what would take place conditionally. (Tirinus)
Challoner
If, etc. By this it appears, that God had revealed to the prophet that the king should overcome the Syrians, as many times as he should then strike on the ground; but, as he had not, at the same time, revealed to him how often the king would strike, the prophet was concerned to see that he struck but thrice. (Challoner)
Haydock
Joas was assured that he should consume the Syrians. But this was to be understood, provided he performed his part, (Menochius; Tirinus) and that destruction was not said to be entire. (Haydock)
13:20
Menochius
Buried him, near Samaria. (Menochius)
St. Max
He had been chosen by Elias sixty-eight years before, and had lived eleven with him. His perfect character is given, Ecclesiasticus 48:13. His double spirit represents the plentitude of grace in Jesus Christ; as his raising of the child to life, in such a wonderful manner, denotes his incarnation. The waters of Jericho made sweet, and the healing of Naaman, set before us the virtue of baptism: as the widow's oil shews the great graces which are bestowed by Christ upon his Church. The children devoured, and the Syrians struck blind, remind us of the perversity and blindness of infidels, who will not acknowledge the truth, Matthew 13:14. We must now see how the bones of Eliseus prophesied: 1. By raising the dead to life, as a confirmation of all his former predictions; 2. as proof of a future resurrection, of the virtue of relics, and of the influence of the saints in heaven, whose souls were formerly united to their bodies, and were filled with the Holy Spirit; (St. Cyril of Jerusalem, cat. xviii. Illum.) 3. in as much as this miracle was a figure of Christ's resurrection, who raised himself to life, and those who believe in him: (Calmet) while Eliseus, in the like state of death, had only raised another. (Haydock) (St. Max., hom. 1:de pasc.)
Pagnin
Same. Septuagint, Hebrew, and Syriac, "at the coming in of the year;" (Haydock) or, "the next year." (Pagnin)
13:21
Calmet
Eliseus. His tomb was not in the city, but in a spacious cave, the entrance of which was secured with a stone, according to custom. This was removed in the hurry, and the corpse thrown into the same recess, which had been prepared for the remains of the prophet. Josephus ([Antiquities?] 9:8.) relates the history in a different manner, and pretends that robbers having slain a person, threw his corpse accidentally into the tomb of Eliseus. The Rabbins tell us his name was Sellum, and that he died again immediately, because he was a wicked man, which would render the miracle, in a manner, useless. (Calmet)
Menochius
By it God honoured his servant, and convinced the Israelites that what he had so lately foretold, respecting the Syrians, would undoubtedly take place. (Menochius)
13:23
Haydock
Time. Long before the captivity of Babylon, the Israelites had been led captives, to return no more in a body. Some stragglers mixed with the Jews, and inhabited the country under that appellation. It would seem that this was written before the overturning of the kingdom of Israel. (Haydock)
13:25
Year of the World 3168.
Menochius
Israel, on the east side of the Jordan; (chap. 10:33.; Calmet) at least (Haydock) those which had been taken from his father. Jeroboam retook what had been lost by Jehu. (Menochius)
Salien
Hence both these kings are styled saviours, ver. 5., and 4 Kings 14:27. (Salien)
13:6
A grove.... Dedicated to the worship of idols.
13:19
If thou hadst smitten, etc.... By this it appears that God had revealed to the prophet that the king should overcome the Syrians as many times as he should then strike on the ground; but as he had not at the same time revealed to him how often the king would strike, the prophet was concerned to see that he struck but thrice.
13:19
It was reueiled to the prophet that so often as the king should strike the earth, so often he should haue victories against the Syrians, but not how often he would strike on the. earth.
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san Giovanni Crisostomo † 407 d.C. The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom 84
And together with these things He showed Himself also by what followed after these things, by the raising of the dead. For in the instance of Elisha;
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sant'Ambrogio † 397 d.C. Exposition of the Christian Faith 3.4
30. Elijah, then, raised the dead, but he prayed—he did not command. Elisha raised one to life after laying himself upon the dead body, in accordance with its posture; and, again, the very contact of Elisha’s corpse gave life to the dead, that the prophet might foreshow the coming of Him, Who, being sent in the likeness of sinful flesh,
san Giovanni Crisostomo † 407 d.C. Eulogy 5
… For it is, it is possible for him who comes hither with faith to gather the fruit of many good things. For not the bodies only, but the very sepulchres of the saints have been filled with spiritual grace. For if in the case of Elisha this happened, and a corpse when it touched the sepulchre, burst the bands of death and returned to life again,
san Giovanni Crisostomo † 407 d.C. The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom 55
And both these things are signified in the Scripture. For both they of the company of Cornelius by their faith drew unto themselves the grace of the Spirit; and in the case of Eliseus
san Girolamo † 420 d.C. The Letters of St. Jerome 46.13
… We shall hasten, if not to the tents, to the monuments of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, and of their three illustrious wives. We shall see the fountain in which the eunuch was immersed by Philip. We shall make a pilgrimage to Samaria, and side by side venerate the ashes of John the Baptist, of Elisha,
sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. Lectures or Tractates on the Gospel According to St. John 91.2
… and yet we know that the same was done by the prophets of olden time. For Elias did so; and Elisha also, both when alive in the flesh, and when he lay buried in his sepulchre. For when certain men, who were carrying a dead person, had fled thither for refuge from an onset of their enemies, and had laid him down therein, he instantly came again to life.
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1. Anno vigesimo tertio Joas filii Ochoziæ regis Juda, regnavit Joachaz filius Jehu super Israel. — Tempore Joas regis Juda, scilicet anno regni ejus decimo conditam esse Carthaginem Romæ æmulam a Didone, quæ ex Tyro, regnante Pygmalione, navigavit in Africam, eamque condidit, tradit Josephus ex Tyriorum annalibus libro I Contra Appionem, quem sequuntur Torniellus, Gordonus, Salianus, Scaliger, licet alii alio tempore conditam velint. Sunt enim ea de re variæ variorum sententiæ. Juxta hanc sententiam Carthago condita est centum et triginta annis ante Romam. Rursus anno decimo quarto Joas, Lycurgus leges dedit Spartanis, quæ Gentiles celebrant, sed Christianis legibus longe sunt inferiores; nam et mulieribus luxuriose vivere, et adulterari, atque pueris et adolescentibus furari permittunt, ut scilicet fiant callidi, utque quisque rem suam diligentius custodiat. Quare eas improbat, culpatque Aristoteles, lib. II De Repub. cap. ix. Eodem anno 14 Joas, cœperunt certamina Olympica, et ab iis dictæ et numeratæ sunt Olympiades.
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5. Et dedit Dominus salvatorem Israeli. — Quis hic salvator? Aliqui censent fuisse Angelum præsidem et tutelarem Israelis, qui pro eo contra Syros pugnarit et vicerit, uti pugnavit Angelus pro Ezechia contra Sennacherib, occidens 185 millia Assyriorum. Alii volunt fuisse hominem et ducem certum a Deo missum, sed in Scriptura innominatum, ideoque nobis incognitum et incertum. Melius alii censent fuisse Eliseum. Ita Cajetanus. Aut certe Joas regem Israel ab Eliseo confortatum, qui tertio Syros superavit, ut sequitur. Quare toto tempore Joachaz afflictus fuit Israel a Syris, ut dicitur vers. 22. Post Joachaz vero succedens Joas Syros depressit, et Israeli libertatem restituit. Unde Joachaz orans Deum pro salute Israelis, eam impetravit pro tempore regni, non sui sed filii sui Joas. Ita Abulensis.
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7. Et non sunt derelicti Joachaz de populo nisi quinquaginta equites. — Hic versus confirmat id quod jam dixi: quare connectendus est cum vers. 3, et ponendus ante versum 4, ubi per hyperbaton interjicitur deprecatio Joachaz, ejusque exauditio, ac promissio liberationis faciendæ per Joas. Ita Sanchez. Et redegerat quasi pulverem in tritura areæ, — id est Hazael comminuit et contrivit Israelitas, sicut comminui et conteri solet gluma et pulvis in area. Ita Abulensis.
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8. Et fortitudo ejus, — Joachaz licet victus ab Hazaele, utpote potentiore, fortiter tamen in præliis se gessit, et defendit se quoad potuit.
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14. Eliseus autem ægrotabat infirmitate qua et mortuus est: descenditque ad eum rex Israel (Joas), et flebat coram eo, dicebatque: Pater mi, currus Israel et auriga ejus: q. d. Tu, o Elisee, meus et Israelis es pater, utpote qui me meumque regnum magis defendebas, quam magna equitum et curruum multitudo; tu ergo vivens quasi auriga, aurigabas et regebas regnum Israel; nunc te moriente, quis me meosque contra Hazael et Syros defendet? Idem succlamabat Eliseus Eliæ dum in cœlum raperetur, cap. ii, vers. 12; vide ibi dicta.
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16. Dixit ad regem Israel: Pone manum tuam super arcum. Et cum posuisset ille manum suam, superposuit (perperam Regia legunt supposuit) Eliseus manus suas manibus regis, — ut significaret suum illi auxilium affuturum, etiamsi absentis, imo vita functi; Deum enim propter merita sua ei daturum victoriam; ac se in limbo pro ea Deum oraturum certoque impetraturum. Post mortem ergo viva erat vis et virtus Elisei, ac mira quæ solebat dum viveret, etiam mortuus operabatur. Ita Abulensis, Cajetanus et alii. Unde discant hæretici Sanctos, præsertim post Christum in cœlo regnantes per Deum esse potentes, ut nobis eos invocantibus opitulari possint et velint. Discant hic principes et cæteri hominum, quantum sanctorum virorum oratio et lacrima prosint, ac nisi ipsi manus suas manibus et operibus nostris apponant, frustra nos laborare. Tropologice, Doctor ori prædicationis admoveat manum operationis bonæ, ut quod docet verbo, doceat primus exemplo. Sic efficax erit prædicatio, et auditoribus persuadebit quod prædicat. Ita Angelomus et Eucherius.
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17. Aperi fenestram orientalem (ut jacias sagittam victricem contra Syros, qui Israeli sunt ad Orientem). Cumque aperuisset, dixit Eliseus: Jace sagittam; et jecit, et ait Eliseus: Sagitta salutis Domini, et sagitta salutis contra Syriam, — q. d. Oro Deum ut tuas tuorumque militum sagittas (quas hac mea sagitta ejusque jactu repræsento) et arma, pugna et prælia secundet, dirigat et roboret, ut Syros feriant, mactent et subjiciant; nec tantum id oro, sed idipsum ut propheta ex ore Dei tibi prænuntio, et de Syris victoriam promitto, unde subdit: Percutiesque Syriam in Aphec. — Alludit ad veterum ritum, qui bellum hostibus denuntiabant, et prælium inchoabant jacta in terram hostilem sagitta vel telo, uti fecerunt Romani, teste Servio in illud Turni apud Virgilium, IX Eneidos: En, ait, et jaculum intorquens emittit in auras Principium pugnæ. Idem fecere Græci; unde mox ut Persidem attigit «primus Alexander (Magnus), jaculum velut in terram hostilem jecit,» ait Justinus, lib. II. Vide Gellium, lib. XVI, cap. xiv, et Alexandrum ab Alexandria, lib. IV Genial. cap. iii. Tropologice Angelomus: «Cum exemplis suis, inquit, Dominus actiones Doctorum dirigit et confortat, orientalem fenestram aperire mandat, et jacere sagittam, quia lumine scientiæ et veræ doctrinæ, suos hortatur primum illustrari, et sicut jacula verborum mittere.» Et paulo post: «Sagitta salutis Domini, et sagitta salutis contra Syriam; percutiesque Syriam in Aphec, donec consumas eam. Sagitta ergo salutis Domini, est prædicatio sancta, cum decenter exhibetur et spiritualium hostium certissima interfectio, si perseveranter agitur. Nec fas est ut aliquando dispensator verbi Dei segniter torpeat, cui jussum est ut gregis Domini curam habeat; quia multum obest devotis auditoribus, si inertia prævalet Doctoribus. Dicit enim Propheta: Clama, ne cesses.» Sic et Eucherius. In Aphec. — Aphec urbs erat in tribu Issachar hostium clade celebris; nam regem Aphec Josue occidit: «In hac Philisthæi posuerunt castra, pugnaturi contra Israel, postea contra Saul, ibidem etiam Syri pugnaverunt contra Achab regem Israel, quando dixerunt: Dii montium sunt dii eorum, pugnemus contra eos in vallibus et campestribus, et obtinebimus eos; ubi et Benadad rex Syriæ victus est,» ait Adrichomius. Donec consumas eam, — subaudi nisi tu impedias, uti factum est. Nam Joas, ter tantum percutiens terram, ter tantum percussit Syros, qui utique sæpius et ad consumptionem eos delevisset, si sæpius terram percussisset, ut patet versu 19.
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19. Si percussisses quinquies, aut sexies, aut septies, percussisses Syriam usque ad consumptionem. — Illa erat voluntas et decretum Dei qui ita libere disposuerat et decreverat, ut Joas toties percuteret Syriam, quoties percussisset terram; quod decretum Dei sciebat Eliseus, sed jussu Dei noluit indicare regi Joas, ut illius permitteretur arbitrio toties percutere quoties vellet, terram. Si enim Joas scivisset decretum Dei, utique sæpius terram sagitta percussisset. Simili modo victoriam Josue contra Amalec Deus allegavit extensioni manuum et orationi Moysis, Exodi xvii, 11; et ejusdem Josue victoriam contra Chananæos allegavit elevationi clypei Josue, cap. viii, 18. Porro quod Joas ter tantum percusserit terram, ideoque ter tantum Syros percusserit, ejus peccatis et culturæ vitulorum attribuit Abulensis. Mirum enim fuit et indignum regem, toties monitum ab Eliseo, ejusque miracula cernentem, imo victorias contra Syros Dei ope nanciscentem, non reliquisse cultum vitulorum, ac ad veri Dei sibi tam benefici venerationem se totum transtulisse. Verisimile est eum coluisse Deum verum, quem per Eliseum agnoverat, et simul Deos patrios, scilicet vitulos aureos Jeroboam. Utrosque enim coluit pater ejus Joachaz, ut patet vers. 4 et 6. Hinc in eum eique similes reges Israel detonans Deus per Osee cap. x, 2, ait: «Divisum est cor eorum, nunc interibunt.»
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20. Mortuus est ergo Eliseus, et sepelierunt eum. — Morienti affuisse Joas regem, ac filios prophetarum discipulos suos jam per totum Israelem propagatos, ultimaque ab eo sanctitatis et religiosæ vitæ monita accepisse non est dubium. Affuisse quoque Amos prophetam, Amasiæ regis fratrem et Isaiæ patrem, asserunt Hebræi in Seder Olam. Prophetavit Eliseus circiter 66 annos sub sex regibus Israel, scilicet sub Achab, Ochozia, Joram, Jehu, Joachaz et Joas. Vixit centum annis et amplius, in religiosa disciplina octoginta, mortuusque est anno mundi 3204, ait Salianus, Amasiæ regis Juda anno octavo, Joas regis Israel anno decimo, ante Christum anno 849. Ascriptus est catalogo Sanctorum in Martyrologio Romano die 14 junii, ubi sic legimus: «Samariæ in Palæstina S. Elisei prophetæ, cujus sepulcrum dæmones perhorrescere scribit S. Hieronymus.» Audi S. Hieronymum scribentem in principio Abdiæ prophetæ: «Abdiæ sepulcrum cum Mausolæo Elisei, et Joannis Baptistæ in Sebaste venerationi habetur, quæ olim Samaria.» Idem in epitaphio Paulæ addit; illic variis dæmones rugire cruciatibus, et ante sepulcra sanctorum ululare homines more luporum, fremere more leonum, sibilare instar serpentum, mugire boatu taurorum. Refert Cedrenus in Leone magno Imperatore Elisei reliquias Alexandriam translatas fuisse. Hinc Julianus apostata, ossa Elisei et Baptistæ cum brutorum ossibus commiscens, exurere voluit, ut habet S. Artemii vita apud Lipomanum. Elogia Elisei vide Eccli. xlviii, 13: «In Eliseo, ait, completus est spiritus ejus (Eliæ), in diebus suis non pertimuit principem, et in potentia nemo vicit illum;» vide ibi dicta. Denique Eliseo in prophetia mox successit Osee, qui sub Ozia filio Amasiæ regis Juda prophetavit, Isaias, Amos, Jonas, cæterique prophetæ majores et minores.
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21. Quod cum tetigisset ossa Elisei, revixit homo: — Mira Elisei virtus et sanctitas quod mortuus mortuum ad vitam suscitarit. Fuit ipse hac in re typus Christi, cujus in cruce mortui gratia et meritorum contactu omnes resurgemus. Ita Angelomus, Eucherius et alii. Hinc Eliseo Ecclesiasticus hoc dat elogium, cap. xlviii, 14: «Et mortuum prophetavit corpus ejus. Prophetavit,» id est miraculum fecit suscitando mortuum. Miracula enim erant opera Prophetarum, id est, virorum et Doctorum sanctorum Israelis.
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HAZAEL (EBR. ḤĀZĀ'EL E ḤĀZĀ'EL, « DIO VEDE »; ACCADICO, ḤAZA'ILU; SETTANTA, A'ĀYĀ)
… sg.; 9, 14 sg.); ora, regnando Iehu, sconfigge ovunque gli Israeliti, occupa tutta la Transgiordania fino all'Arnon (II Reg. 10, 32 sg.; Am. 1, 3 sg.); domina su Israele: lascia a Ioachaz una guarnigione di 10.000 fanti, 50 cavalieri e 10 carri (II Reg. 13, 3-22). A sud, espugna Geth (798), attacca Gerusalemme e si ritrae per l'ingente somma pagata da Ioas (II Reg. 12, 18 sg.).
… Si legge difatti che per tutto quel tempo Iddio diede gli Israeliti in potere di Hazael re di Siria e di suo figlio Benadad III (ibid. 13, 3). Hazael poté attraversare liberamente il ter-
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… Ma avendo I. implorato Jahweh, « il Signore diede ad Israele un liberatore, che lo sottrasse al giogo di Aram e gli ridonò la tranquillità e la libertà » (II Reg. 13, 4-6).
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Si ignora quali battaglie si siano combattute tra I. e gli Aramei: è noto solo che ad Israele restò appena una piccola guarnigione di ca. 50 cavalieri, 10 carri da guerra e 10.000 fanti (II Reg. 13, 7): vera catastrofe, alla quale seguì l'asservimento politico. …
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… Iehu reagì violentemente, fece uccidere i sacerdoti, bruciò la maṣṣēbhāh di Baal, e, demolito il tempio, lo trasformò in luogo immondo ed impuro; forse per questo non ne è stata ritrovata traccia (I Reg. 16,23; II Reg. 3,2; 10,18-27). Neppure il sito della necropoli reale (I Reg. 16, 28; 22,37; II Reg. 13,9; 14,16) è stato finora rintracciato; però gli scavi furono praticati principalmente alla cittadella.
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IOAS (EBR. JŌ'ĀF E JĒHŌ'ĀF; GRECO: 'IŌZŌZ)
… L'Assiria, con Adadnirāri III, premeva su Damasco; I. ne approfittò: sconfisse tre volte Benadad III, secondo la prefezia di Eliseo morente (II Reg. 13, 14-19), riconquistando le città tolte da Hazael ad Israele, almeno quelle al di qua del Giordano (II Reg. 13, 10-13, 22-25). Sfidato da Amasia, forse per questione di prestigio famigliare, lo sconfisse a Beth-sames e lo fece prigioniero; entrò a Gerusalemme, smantellò ca. 200 m. delle mura settentrionali; …
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RE, I E II (III E IV) LIBRO DEI
… Tra i vari casi del genere si notino: I Reg. 5, 1 e 5, 4 (estensione del dominio di Salomone); ibid. 5, 6-30 e 10, 23-36 (ricchezza e magnificenza di Salomone; tributi versati a lui); ibid. 9, 28 e 10, 11 (ricchezze importate da Ophir); II Reg. 13, 12 sg.
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… Il concetto di una responsabilità personale, che divenne sempre più chiaro con il progresso della Rivelazione, congiunto con quello tanto diffuso nel Vecchio Testamento (cf. Sap. 10, 2; Num. 20, 12; II Reg. 13, 13-14) secondo cui, rimesso il peccato, rimane una pena temporale da scontare, è un importante presupposto della dottrina del p. Se a questa esplicita concezione del Vecchio Testamento si …
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… 28; cf. Jer. 2, 27), quindi Dio (Deut. 32, 6; Is. 63, 16; Eccli. 51, 10). 4) Benefattore (Iob 29, 16), chi prende cura di altri (Is. 9, 5; 22, 21). 5) Maestro ('a. è titolo onorifico, dato ai sacerdoti e ai profeti anche dai re: II Reg. 6, 21; 8, 9; 13, 14; Iudc. 17, 10; 18, 19), come nel titolo del trattato Aboth (v.); onde il maestro chiama spesso il discepolo « figlio » (Prov. 4, 10, 20; 5, 1, 20; 6, 1, 3; 7, 1, 24; Ps. 44 [45], 11; …
ELISEO ('ELĪLĀ' = « DIO SALVA »)
d'Elia contro la famiglia di Achab, distrugge ferocemente tutti i membri di essa e uccide tutti i cultori di Baal (II Reg. 9-10). Infine al re Ioas che lo visita E. morente predice che vincerà tre volte gli Aramei (II Reg. 13, 14-19).
IOAS (EBR. JŌ'ĀF E JĒHŌ'ĀF; GRECO: 'IŌZŌZ)
… L'Assiria, con Adadnirāri III, premeva su Damasco; I. ne approfittò: sconfisse tre volte Benadad III, secondo la prefezia di Eliseo morente (II Reg. 13, 14-19), riconquistando le città tolte da Hazael ad Israele, almeno quelle al di qua del Giordano (II Reg. 13, 10-13, 22-25). Sfidato da Amasia, forse per questione di prestigio famigliare, …
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APHEC (EBR. 'ĀPHĪQ E 'ĀPHĒQ « FORTEZZA » O « CORSO D'ACQUA »)
5. Luogo in cui Achab re d'Israele debellò Benhadad II re di Siria (I Reg. 20, 26-30), e più tardi Ioas re d'Israele vinse Benhadad III (II Reg. 13, 17-25). È da porsi a est del lago di Tiberiade; corrisponde all'odierno Fiq nel Giolān, 21/2 km. a est-nord-est di el-Ḥoṣn (Hippos).
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ELISEO ('ELĪLĀ' = « DIO SALVA »)
… moltiplicò 20 pani per un centinaio di persone (ibid., 4, 42-44). Guari dalla lebbra Naaman siro che divenne fedele jahwista, e punì la cupidigia di Giezi, trasferendogli la lebbra del precedente (II Reg. 5). A contatto con le ossa di E. un morto riascita (II Reg. 13, 20 sg.). …
13:21
Così, nel Vecchio Testamento, Elia (I Reg. 17, 17-24) risuscita il figliolo della vedova di Sarephta; Eliseo (II Reg. 4, 28-37) richiama dalla morte il figlio della Sunamitide; dopo morto, le ossa di lui, con il solo contatto, ridanno la vita a un uomo condotto a sepoltura (II Reg. 13, 21). Nel Nuovo Testamento, le tre risurrezioni operate da Gesù: il figlio della vedova di Naim (Lc. 7, 11-16), la figlia dodicenne di Giairo (Mc. 5,
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BENADAD (EBR. BEN-HÂDHAD «FIGLIO DI HADAD»; SETTANTA ΥἹῸΣ ἈΔΈΡ)
B. III, figlio d'Hazel, fu battuto tre volte da Ioas, re d'Israele (798-783; II Reg. 13, 22-25).
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… Allora Ioas, figlio di Ioachaz d'Israele, riprese da D. le città che Hazael aveva tolto a suo padre (II Reg. 13, 25). Verso la fine del sec. IX a. C. l'assiro Adad-nirāri III sconfisse Mari re di D. e lo rese vassallo.
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… Nella S. Scrittura tale termine designa il proferire ingiuria sia contro Dio, sia contro le creature (II Sam. 21, 21; II Reg. 13, 28-35; 19, 10. 13. 22; Ez. 20, 27; Tob. 13, 16; I Par. 20, 7; I Cor. 4, 13; 10, 30; Tit. 3, 2); ma secondo l'osservazione di s. Agostino: «blasphemia non accipitur nisi mala verba …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.