The wickedness of Manasses: God’s threats by his prophets. His wicked son Amon succeedeth him, and is slain by his servants.
For the enormious impietie of Manasses, 10. God threatneth destruction of the kingdom. 16. He spilleth innocent bloud, 18. dieth, and his senne Amon reigneth also wickedly: 23. is slaine by his seruantes, and his sonne Iosias reigneth.
1Manasses was twelve years old when he began to reign, and he reigned five and fifty years in Jerusalem: the name of his mother was Haphsiba.Manasse era in età di dodici anni quando principiò a regnare; e regnò cinquantacinque anni in Gerusalemme: sua madre ebbe nome Haphsiba.TWELVE yeares old was Manasses, when he began to reigne, & he reigned fiue and fiftie yeares in Ierusalem: the name of his mother was haphsiba.Duodecim annorum erat Manasses cum regnare cœpisset, et quinquaginta quinque annis regnavit in Jerusalem: nomen matris ejus Haphsiba. 2And he did evil in the sight of the Lord, according to the idols of the nations, which the Lord destroyed from before the face of the children of Israel.Egli fece il male nel cospetto del Signore, onorando gl'idoli delle nazioni sterminate già dal Signore all'arrivo de' figliuoli d'Israele.And he did euil in the sight of our Lord, acording to the idols of the Nations, which our Lord destroyed from the face of the children of Israel.Fecitque malum in conspectu Domini, juxta idola gentium quas delevit Dominus a facie filiorum Israël. 3And he turned, and built up the high places, which Ezechias, his father, had destroyed: and he set up altars to Baal, and made groves, as Achab, the king of Israel, had done: and he adored all the host of heaven, and served them.E si rivolse a rimettere in piedi i luoghi eccelsi rovinati da Ezechia suo padre, e alzò altari a Baal, e piantò dei boschetti, come avea fatto Achab re d'Israele, e adorò tutta la milizia del cielo, e le rendette onore.And he was turned, and built the excelses, which Ezechias his father had destroyed: and he sette vp altars to Baal, and made groues, as Achab the king of Israel had done: and he adored al the host of heauen, and worshipped it.Conversusque est, et ædificavit excelsa quæ dissipaverat Ezechias pater ejus: et erexit aras Baal, et fecit lucos sicut fecerat Achab rex Israël, et adoravit omnem militiam cæli, et coluit eam. 4And he built altars in the house of the Lord, of which the Lord said: In Jerusalem I will put my name.Ed eresse altari nella casa del Signore, per ragion della quale il Signore avea detto: Porrò il nome mio in Gerusalemme.And he built altars in the house of our Lord, of the which our Lord sayd: In Ierusalem I wil put my name.Exstruxitque aras in domo Domini, de qua dixit Dominus: In Jerusalem ponam nomen meum. 5And he built altars for all the host of heaven, in the two courts of the temple of the Lord.Ed eresse altari a tutta la milizia del cielo nei due atri del tempio del Signore.And he built altars to al the host of heauen in the two courtes of the temple of our Lord.Et exstruxit altaria universæ militiæ cæli in duobus atriis templi Domini.
6And he made his son pass through fire: and he used divinations, and observed omens, and appointed pythons, and multiplied soothsayers, to do evil before the Lord, and to provoke him.E fece passar pel fuoco il proprio figliuolo, e andò dietro agl'indozzamenti, e badò agli auguri, e istituì dei maghi, e moltiplicò gli aruspici facendo il male dinanzi al Signore, e provocandolo ad ira.And he made his sonne passe through fyre: and he vsed sooth saying, and obserued diuinations, and made pithones, and multiplied inchanters, to doe euil before our Lord, and to prouoke him.Et traduxit filium suum per ignem: et ariolatus est, et observavit auguria, et fecit pythones, et aruspices multiplicavit, ut faceret malum coram Domino, et irritaret eum. 7He set also an idol of the grove, which he had made, in the temple of the Lord: concerning which the Lord said to David, and to Solomon his son: In this temple, and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel, I will put my name for ever.Pose eziandio l'idolo del bosco piantato da lui, nel tempio del Signore, intorno al quale il Signore avea detto a Davidde, e a Salomone suo figliuolo: In questo tempio, e in Gerusalemme eletta tra tutte le tribù d'Israele, porrò dio il mio nome in sempiterno.He sette also the idol of the groue, which he had made in the temple of our Lord: concerning the which our Lord spake to Dauid, and to Salomon his sonne: In this temple, and in Ierusalem, which I haue chosen out of al the tribes of Israel, I wil put my name for euer.Posuit quoque idolum luci quem fecerat, in templo Domini, super quod locutus est Dominus ad David, et ad Salomonem filium ejus: In templo hoc, et in Jerusalem quam elegi de cunctis tribubus Israël, ponam nomen meum in sempiternum. 8And I will no more make the feet of Israel to be moved out of the land, which I gave to their fathers: only if they will observe to do all that I have commanded them, according to the law which my servant Moses commanded them.E non permetterò, che Israele abbia mai più a muovere il piede dalla terra data da me ai padri loro: se però eglino osserveranno tutti i miei comandamenti, e tutta la legge intimata ad essi da Mosè mio servoAnd I wil noe more make the foote of Israel to be moued out of the land, which I gaue to their fathers: yet so if in worke they shal keepe al things, that I haue commanded them, al the law which my seruantes Moyses commanded them.Et ultra non faciam commoveri pedem Israël de terra quam dedi patribus eorum: si tamen custodierint opere omnia quæ præcepi eis, et universam legem quam mandavit eis servus meus Moyses. 9But they hearkened not: but were seduced by Manasses, to do evil more than the nations which the Lord destroyed before the children of Israel.Ma quelli non ascoltarono; ma furon sedotti da Manasse per mal fare più, che non avean fatto le genti sterminate dal Signore alla venuta de' figliuoli d'Israele.But they heard not: but were seduced by Manasses, to doe euil aboue the Nations, which our Lord destroyed before the face of the children of Israel.Illi vero non audierunt: sed seducti sunt a Manasse, ut facerent malum super gentes quas contrivit Dominus a facie filiorum Israël.
10And the Lord spoke in the hand of his servants, the prophets, saying:E il Signore parlò per bocca de' profeti suoi servi, e disse:And our Lord spake in the hand of his seruantes the prophetes, saying:Locutusque est Dominus in manu servorum suorum prophetarum, dicens: 11Because Manasses, king of Juda, hath done these most wicked abominations, beyond all that the Amorrhites did before him, and hath made Juda also to sin with his filthy doings:Perchè Manasse re di Giuda ha commesse queste orrende abbominazioni, le quali passano tutto quello, che avanti a lui fecero gli Amorrei, e ha ancora indotto Giuda a prevaricare colle sue immondezze:Because Manasses the king of Iuda hath done these most wicked abominations, passing al thinges that the Amorrheites did before him, and hath made Iuda also to sinne in his filthes:Quia fecit Manasses rex Juda abominationes istas pessimas, super omnia quæ fecerunt Amorrhæi ante eum, et peccare fecit etiam Judam in immunditiis suis: 12Therefore thus saith the Lord, the God of Israel: Behold, I will bring on evils upon Jerusalem and Juda: that whosoever shall hear of them, both his ears shall tingle.Per questo così dice il Signore Dio d'Israele: Ecco che io pioverò tali sciagure sopra Gerusalemme, e sopra Giuda, che a chiunque ne udirà parlare fischieranno ambedue le orecchie.therfore thus sayth our Lord the God of Israel: Behold I wil bring in euils vpon Ierusalem and Iuda: that whosoeuer shal heare it, both his eares shal tingle.propterea hæc dicit Dominus Deus Israël: Ecce ego inducam mala super Jerusalem et Judam, ut quicumque audierit, tinniant ambæ aures ejus. 13And I will stretch over Jerusalem the line of Samaria, and the weight of the house of Achab: and I will efface Jerusalem, as writings tables are wont to be effaced, and I will erase and turn it, and draw the pencil often over the face thereof.E sopra Gerusalemme stenderò la corda, che stesi sopra Samaria, e il peso della casa di Achab; e ripulirò Gerusalemme come suol ripulirsi una tavoletta (da scrivere), e per ripulirla volgerò, e rivolgerò lo stile sopra di essa.And I wil stretch out vpon Ierusalem the corde of Samaria, and the weight of the house of Achab: and I wil wipe out Ierusalem, as tables are wont to be wiped out, and wyping out I wil turne it, and draw often the pencil vpon the face therof.Et extendam super Jerusalem funiculum Samariæ, et pondus domus Achab: et delebo Jerusalem, sicut deleri solent tabulæ: et delens vertam, et ducam crebrius stylum super faciem ejus.
14And I will leave the remnants of my inheritance, and will deliver them into the hands of their enemies: and they shall become a prey, and a spoil to all their enemies.E io lascerò in abbandono gli avanzi del mio retaggio, e li darò in potere de' lor nemici, e saranno spersi, e fatti preda di tutti i loro avversari;But I wil leaue remnantes of mine inheritance, and wil deliuer them into the handes of their enemies: and they shalbe vnto waste, and vnto spoile to al their aduersaries:Dimittam vero reliquias hæreditatis meæ, et tradam eas in manus inimicorum ejus, eruntque in vastitatem, et in rapinam cunctis adversariis suis: 15Because they have done evil before me, and have continued to provoke me, from the day that their fathers came out of Egypt, even unto this day.Perchè eglino han fatto il male dinanzi a me, e han continuato ad irritarmi dal giorno, in cui i padri loro uscirono dall'Egitto fino al di d'oggi;because they haue done euil before me, and haue continewed prouoking me, from the day that their fathers came out of Aegypt, vntil this day.eo quod fecerint malum coram me, et perseveraverint irritantes me, ex die qua egressi sunt patres eorum ex Ægypto usque ad hanc diem. 16Moreover, Manasses shed also very much innocent blood, till he filled Jerusalem up to the mouth: besides his sins, wherewith he made Juda to sin, to do evil before the Lord.Manasse di più sparse del sangue innocente senza misura, fino ad inondare Gerusalemme: senza contare i peccati, ch'ei fe' commettere a Giuda, facendo il male nel cospetto del Signore.Moreouer Manasses shed also innocent bloud exceding much til he filled Ierusalem euen to the mouth: beside his sinnes, wherin he made Iuda to sinne, to doe euil before our Lord.Insuper et sanguinem innoxium fudit Manasses multum nimis, donec impleret Jerusalem usque ad os: absque peccatis suis quibus peccare fecit Judam, ut faceret malum coram Domino. 17Now the rest of the acts of Manasses, and all that he did, and his sin, which he sinned, are they not written in the book of the words of the days of the kings of Juda?Il resto poi delle azioni di Manasse, e tutto quello, ch'ei fece, e il peccato, che egli commise, queste cose non son elleno scritte nel diario de' fatti dei re di Giuda?But the rest of the wordes of Manasses, and al that he did, and his sinne, which he sinned, are not these thinges written in the Booke of the wordes of the dayes of the kinges of Iuda?Reliqua autem sermonum Manasse, ut universa quæ fecit, et peccatum ejus quod peccavit, nonne hæc scripta sunt in libro sermonum dierum regum Juda ?
18And Manasses slept with his fathers, and was buried in the garden of his own house, in the garden of Oza: and Amon, his son, reigned in his stead.E si addormentò Manasse coi padri suoi, e fu sepolto nell'orto di sua casa, nell'orto di Oza: e succedette a lui nel regno Amon suo figliuolo.And Manasses slept with his fathers, and was buried in the garden of his house, in the garden of Oza: and Amon his sonne reigned for him.Dormivitque Manasses cum patribus suis, et sepultus est in horto domus suæ, in horto Oza: et regnavit Amon filius ejus pro eo. 19Two and twenty years old was Amon when he began to reign, and he reigned two years in Jerusalem: the name of his mother was Messalemeth, the daughter of Harus, of Jeteba.Ventidue anni aveva Amon quando principiò a regnare, e regnò due anni in Gerusalemme: sua madre ebbe nome Messalemeth figliuola di Harus di Jeteba.Two and twentie yeares old was Amon when he began to reigne: two yeares also he reigned in Ierusalem: the name of his mother was Messalemeth the daughter of Ieteba.Viginti duorum annorum erat Amon cum regnare cœpisset: duobus quoque annis regnavit in Jerusalem: nomen matris ejus Messalemeth filia Harus de Jeteba. 20And he did evil in the sight of the Lord, as Manasses, his father, had done.Ed egli fece il male nel cospetto del Signore, come avea fatto Manasse suo padre,And he did euil in the sight of our Lord, as Manasses his father had done.Fecitque malum in conspectu Domini, sicut fecerat Manasses pater ejus. 21And he walked in all the way in which his father had walked: and he served the abominations which his father had served, and he adored them.E imitò in tutto, e per tutto il padre suo, e servì agli idoli immondi, come avea servito il padre suo, e gli adorò.And he walked in al the way, by the which his father had walked: and he serued the filthes, which his father had serued, and he adored them,Et ambulavit in omni via per quam ambulaverat pater ejus, servivitque immunditiis quibus servierat pater ejus, et adoravit eas: 22And forsook the Lord, the God of his fathers, and walked not in the way of the Lord.E abbandonò il Signore Dio de' padri suoi, e non battè le vie del Signore.and forsooke our Lord the God of his fathers, and walked not in the way of our Lord.et dereliquit Dominum Deum patrum suorum, et non ambulavit in via Domini. 23And his servants plotted against him, and slew the king in his own house.E i suoi servi gli tesero insidie, e uccisero il re in sua casa.And his seruantes lay in wayte agaynst him, and slewe the king in his house.Tetenderuntque ei insidias servi sui, et interfecerunt regem in domo sua.
24But the people of the land slew all them that had conspired against king Amon: and made Josias, his son, their king in his stead.Ma il popolo del paese fece morire tutti quelli, che avean congiurato contro del re Amon, e dichiararono re in sua vece Josia suo figliuolo.But the people of the land stroke al them, that had conspired agaynst king Amon: and made Iosias his sonne their king for him.Percussit autem populus terræ omnes qui conjuraverant contra regem Amon, et constituerunt sibi regem Josiam filium ejus pro eo. 25But the rest of the acts of Amon, which he did, are they not written in the book of the words of the days of the kings of Juda?Il resto poi delle azioni di Amon, non son elleno scritte nel diario de' fatti dei re di Giuda?But the rest of the wordes of Amon which he did, are not these writen in the Booke of the wordes of the dayes of the kinges of Iuda?Reliqua autem sermonum Amon quæ fecit, nonne hæc scripta sunt in libro sermonum dierum regum Juda ? 26And they buried him in his sepulchre, in the garden of Oza: and his son, Josias, reigned in his stead.Ed ei fu sepolto nella sua sepoltura, nell'orto di Oza: e Josia suo figliuolo gli succedette nel regno.And they buried him in his sepulchre, in the garden of Oza: and Iosias his sonne reigned for him.Sepelieruntque eum in sepulchro suo, in horto Oza: et regnavit Josias filius ejus pro eo.
21:1
Year of the World 3306.
Twelve. Being born three years after his father's recovery.
Fifty. Including the years of captivity.
21:2
Haydock
Idols. Hebrew, "abominations," (Calmet) as their worship was attended with the greatest infamy and dissolution, and was in itself the source of God's chastisements. (Haydock)
21:3
Haydock
Groves. Hebrew Ashera, "the grove," or the idol of Astarte, (Calmet) as both were worshipped. (Haydock)
Menochius
Achab, whom he imitated also in spilling the blood of the saints. (Menochius)
21:4
Altars, in honour of the sun, moon, and stars, (Haydock) in the courts of the priests and of the people, 2 Paralipomenon 33:4.
21:6
Fire, for purification, or as a holocaust to Moloch. See 4 Kings 16:3.
Montanus
Divination, or, "he observed times," Arabic. (Montanus)
Calmet
Omens. Protestants, "used enchantments," (Haydock) by means of brass or of serpents, etc. (Calmet)
Haydock
Septuagint agrees with the Vulgate, "he took notice of birds." (Haydock)
Pythons. That is, diviners by spirits (Challoner) particularly by Apollo. He authorized and encouraged such ventriloquists, etc., Leviticus 19:31.
Calmet
Soothsayers, who inspected the entrails of victims, to foretell future things. (Calmet)
Haydock
Protestants, "He dealt with familiar spirits and wizards." (Haydock)
21:7
Tirinus
Of the grove. Hebrew, "a graven thing of Ashera," the grove or Astarte, (Haydock) ver. 3. This was an engraving in sculpture of a sacred grove. (Sa) (Chap. 23:6.) (Tirinus)
Haydock
My name. I alone will be adored, and there allow an altar to be erected. (Haydock)
21:9
Worthington
More, because they had received more favours and instructions from above. (Worthington)
21:10
Tirinus
Prophets, Joel, Osee, Amos, Nahum, Jonas, Abdias, Micheas, and particularly by Isaias, who was related to the king. (Tirinus)
Tradition informs us, that Manasses was so irritated, that he ordered Isaias to be slain with a wooden saw, (St. Augustine, City of God 18:24.) for greater torment; (Calmet) and his companions were daily executed, Josephus, [Antiquities?] 10:3.
Haydock
Isaias (xxii. 13.) seems to pronounce his sin irremissible, (Calmet) or that he should not, at least, escape the punishment of it, as long as he lived. But we are assured that the eyes of Manasses were at last opened by adversity, and that he performed many laudable things after his return from captivity; (2 Paralipomenon xxxiii.) so that the latter part of his reign resembled that of his father; though the beginning had been like that of the impious Achab. His coming to the throne so soon, before his pious father could have time to impress upon his mind the truths of salvation, had nearly proved his ruin. The sins of my youth, and my ignorances, remember not, O Lord, Psalm 24:7. (Haydock)
21:11
Haydock
Doings. Hebrew, "idols," ver. 2. See 4 Kings 17:12. (Haydock)
21:12
Calmet
Tingle, through astonishment, as if he had been stunned with too loud a noise, 1 Kings 3:11. (Calmet)
21:13
Haydock
The line, or rope, to pull down the walls, Lamentations 2:8., (Calmet) and 2 Kings 17:13. Jerusalem, which has imitated Samaria in sinning, shall experience the same fate; the same weight of punishment shall fall upon the royal family, as upon the house of Achab. (Haydock)
Menochius
The prophets frequently entitle their menaces a weight, or burden, Isaias 13:1. (Menochius)
Du Hamel
Septuagint have, "the balance of the house," etc., as if God had weighed all the good and evil, and would now reward the people accordingly, (Haydock) with judgment. (Du Hamel)
Calmet
Table, or board, covered with wax. The ancients were accustomed to write in this manner with a style which was sharp at one end and blunt at the other. Altera pars revocat quicquid pars altera fecit. (Aenig. Symponii.) When the wax was rendered smooth, no vestige of the former writing could appear, and God threatens to destroy Jerusalem, in like manner. Hebrew is variously translated. (Calmet)
Haydock
Septuagint, "I will wipe out Jerusalem as an alabaster vase is wiped, and turned downwards." Protestants, "as a man wipeth a dish, wiping it and turning it upside down." (Haydock)
21:14
Leave. Septuagint, "with horror," apeasomai (Haydock) "I will cast off." So Chaldean, Syriac, etc.
Calmet
Remnants. Juda, etc., who shall be treated like the ten tribes. (Calmet)
Worthington
All shared in the punishment, though some preserved the true religion, Psalm 88:35. (Worthington)
21:16
Mouth. Chaldean, "extremity." All was full of blood, and impure idols, ver. 11.
Besides, (absque) "without" mentioning his other scandalous sins of idolatry.
21:17
Haydock
Sinned. It is rather wonderful that his repentance is not here noticed; but we find it mentioned [in] 2 Paralipomenon 33:12. (Haydock)
Haydock
He was probably taken prisoner by Thartan, general of Sargon, or Asarhaddon, who had reunited the two kingdoms of Assyria and Babylon, Isaias 20:1. In prison Manasses composed a penitential prayer, which is not absolutely rejected by the Church, but left in the rank of Apocryphal writings; (Calmet) the authority of which is not clearly ascertained. (Haydock)
Haydock
The Greek church admits this prayer into her Euchologium, (Calmet) or Office-book. (Haydock)
Being liberated, probably by Saosduchin, Manasses did all things well, only he left the high places, where the people had been accustomed to sacrifice to the Lord. Hozai wrote his history, 2 Paralipomenon 33:19.
21:18
Year of the World 3361, Year before Christ 643.
Calmet
Oza, a private man, to whom it had belonged; (Menochius) or the place where the Levite had been punished for touching the ark; (1 Kings 6:8.) or, in fine, the garden to which king Ozias had retired after he became a leper. (Calmet)
Grotius
It is said, that Manasses chose this place for his tomb out of humility. (Grotius)
21:20
Tirinus
Done, in his youth, flattering himself that he should also repent, when he had gratified his passions, (Glycas) but God presently chastised this presumption, after suffering him to reign only two years. (Tirinus)
21:6
Pythons.... That is, diviners by spirits.
21:9
the Iewes sinned more greuously reuolting from the Law of God and contemning the admonitions of holie prophetes, then the nations that had neither law nor prophetes to instruct them.
21:14
God stil preserued some in true religion, though they also suffered tribulations with the wicked for the general sinnes of the king and people. Psal. 88. v. 35. Yea this king Manasses in captiuitie became vertuous and recouered his kingdom. 2, Pacalip. 33.
21:5
Ecumenical Councils The Canons of the Council in Trullo 65
… For it is written in the Fourth Book of the Kings “And Manasses built an altar to the whole host of heaven, in the two courts of the Lord, and made his sons to pass through the fire, he used lots and augurs and divinations by birds and made ventriloquists [or pythons ] and multiplied diviners, that he might do evil before the Lord and provoke him to anger.”
21:7
7. He also set up the idol of the grove which he had made (an idol placed in a grove before constructed by him, namely surrounded by a carved grove, he set up) in the temple,—that is to say, Manasseh had previously constructed a grove, namely a wood sacred to the gods, and in it had placed an idol, which he then transferred from the grove into the temple; but because he could not transfer the grove with the idol, hence in place of the grove, he made a likeness or representation of the grove from gold, silver or bronze, and in it placed the idol, and transferred that together with the grove into the temple, so that henceforth not God but a demon was worshipped in the temple in the grove. Whence Josiah, grandson of Manasseh, afterwards destroyed both, chapter XXIII, verses 6 and 7.
21:10
10. And the Lord spoke by the hand of his servants the Prophets,—namely through Hosea, Amos, Joel, Nahum, Jonah, Obadiah, and especially Isaiah, Manasseh's father-in-law, who therefore was sawn asunder by Manasseh with a wooden saw, a type of Christ on the wood of the cross, as I said in the preface to Isaiah, and many other prophets, so much so that Josephus, book X, chapter 14, asserts that «from their number some one was punished by Manasseh on each single day.»
21:13
13. I will extend over Jerusalem the line of Samaria,—"Line" (funiculus) in a metaphorical sense signifies the same measure of punishment, that is to say, By the measure with which I punished, laid waste, and led away the Israelites from Samaria into Assyria, by that same measure I will punish, lay waste, and lead away the Jews from Jerusalem into Babylon: for as they were equal in guilt and idolatry, so they will be equal in punishment and captivity. It is a metaphor taken from builders, who use an iron line or cord, which they extend with a plumb-bob, so that according to that they may construct a building plumb, or demolish and destroy one already constructed, that is to say, I will destroy Jerusalem, and will level it to the ground as it were with a line, just as a builder is accustomed to demolish houses, and by a measuring line to level and flatten them to the earth; whence, explaining the same thing by another similitude, he declares it by wax, saying: "I will blot out Jerusalem, as tablets are wont to be blotted out; and blotting out I will turn, and draw the stylus more frequently over the face of the earth," that is to say, I will blot out Jerusalem as letters written on a wax tablet are wont to be blotted out. For in former times, before the invention of paper, they were accustomed to write on tablets coated with wax, and to form letters in it with a stylus as with a pen. Wherefore this stylus was sharp at the lower end: but at the upper end blunt, so that with the same stylus they might cover over the letters written in wax when they wished, and with the wax flattened they might write other letters in it; if therefore only one word or letter were to be erased, they did this with one or another stroke of the stylus through the wax; if more, with more strokes; if all, with all strokes, until the letters being scraped away the wax was restored smooth and level. Thus God did here in the destruction of Judaea and Jerusalem. For first he brought upon it the hostile stylus of the king of Babylon, when he led away Manasses and the chief men of the kingdom from it into Babylon as captives, II Paralipomenons XXXIII, 11. Secondly, when Pharao Nechao killed Josias, who was the whole hope of the Jews, and carried away his son Joachaz into Egypt, cap. XXIII, 33. Thirdly, when Nabuchodonosor seized and bound Joakim the brother of Joachaz. Fourthly, when the same Joachim sent his son Joakim with a great number of nobles and people into Babylon. Fifthly and lastly, when the same Sedechias the last king with the rest he led away, and burned the city and the temple. The sense therefore is: "I will extend over Jerusalem a line," that is to say, I will not merely demolish the city, but will dig up its foundations, and measuring them as it were by a line will level them to the earth, so that no vestige of it shall remain, nor its first delineation; not otherwise than is wont to happen when lines or characters are erased from wax tablets. For tablet in Hebrew is צלחת tsallachat, which they commonly translate as a dish, a frying-pan, a pot, a caldron. Whence Vatablus thus translates: I will wipe away Jerusalem, as one wipes away a dish and turns it over. And thus he explains it, that is to say, I will cleanse Jerusalem of wicked men, whom when I have put to flight, I will turn it over, as a cleaned dish is wont to be turned over by rustics. But our Jerome Prado in Ezech. cap. v, vers. 11, thus translates and explains: "I will wipe away Jerusalem, as a caldron is wont to be cleansed by wiping and turned over on its face." That is, as is wont to happen, when it has been thoroughly wiped, the back is turned to the face, so that no moisture remains, but drips to the earth to the last drop: thus will I cleanse Jerusalem by wiping away from it all its inhabitants and houses, and overturning it from its foundations.
21:16
16. Moreover Manasses also shed innocent blood very much,—especially of those who resisted his impiety and reproved him for it, such as were Isaias and the other Prophets; so that he killed some one of the Prophets daily, as Josephus says. Hence Manasses was appropriately called "Manasses," that is "from the insurgent or from forgetfulness," as the Author of the Imperfect Work, hom. 4 in Matthew, says: "For the Providence of God so disposed that he should be called thus, because he was about to forget all the holy conversation of his father, and all the benefits of God bestowed upon him as he deserved, and being stirred up by the insurgent devil, who is wont to rise up against mankind to overthrow them, he was about to do all things that would provoke God to wrath." The same Author adds something new and wonderful about Manasses, and says: "Finally, when Ezechias was sick at a certain time, and Isaias the Prophet came to visit him, Ezechias called his son Manasses, and began to command him that he should fear God, how to rule the kingdom, and many other things. And Isaias said to him: Truly because thy words shall not descend into his heart, but I myself must be slain by his hand. Hearing this, Ezechias wished to kill his son, saying: Because it is better for me to die without a son, than to leave such a son, who would both exasperate God, and persecute his saints. But Isaias the prophet scarcely restrained him, saying: May God make void this counsel of thine, seeing the piety of Ezechias, because he loved God more than his son." But this seems to be a fable of the Rabbis. For when Ezechias was sick, Manasses was not yet born, because after his sickness Ezechias lived fifteen years, and Manasses, succeeding him when he died, was twelve years old. Manasses was therefore born in the third year after the sickness and recovery of his father Ezechias.
21:18
18. And he slept (in the sleep of death) with his fathers. — Note II Paralipomenon xxxiii, 11, the punishment inflicted by God upon Manasses is narrated, namely captivity in Babylon, and thence his serious repentance and conversion to God. Moreover, Manasses appears to have been led into Babylon by Merodach Baladan: for he was then reigning in Babylon: whence Ezechias, the father of Manasses, had shown his riches to him, and thus had enticed him to seize them; which God also predicted would happen to him, cap. xx, 17, and the same thing came to pass shortly after, when God brought it about that Manasses, on account of his crimes, was bound and led into Babylon by the same Baladan with the royal treasure. Thus Bellarmine, Salianus and others. Yet Manasses is said to have been captured by the king of the Assyrians, either because the Babylonians are called Assyrians, or because Merodach was tributary to Asarhaddon king of the Assyrians, whose yoke he afterwards shook off. And he was buried in the garden of his house, in the garden of Oza, — where namely Oza was slain by God, because he rashly touched the ark when it was tottering, II Kings vi, 8. This garden was near Jerusalem, and was joined to the royal gardens, in which Manasses, returning from Babylon, built for himself a royal mausoleum, and in it both he himself and his son Amon were buried.
21:20
20. And he did evil. — Thus Scripture calls idolatry, as it were the greatest of all evils; for as the Wise Man says, cap. xiv, vers. 27: "The worship of abominable idols is the cause of all evil, and the beginning and end thereof." Amon imitated his father Manasses sinning, but not repenting. Glycas adds that he said: "My father from childhood committed many crimes, and in old age did penance; wherefore I also in this age shall conduct myself according to the desire of my mind, and afterwards shall turn myself to the Lord." Wherefore God punished this presumption of his with swift death: for after two years he was slain by his servants. Hear St. Clement, book II of the Constitutions of the Apostles, cap. xxiii: "Such," he says, "was Amon the son of Manasses, of whom Scripture says: Amon deceived himself with evil thoughts of transgression, and said: My father committed many sins from youth, and when he was old, he repented of having committed them; and now I will walk as my soul desires, and afterwards I will turn myself to the Lord: and he did wickedly before the Lord above all that were born before him, and God destroyed him quickly from his good land, and his servants made an assault upon him, and slew him in his house, and he reigned only two years." Let young men note this, who in youth indulge in pleasures and luxury, and say they give their youth to the devil, promising themselves that they will give their old age to God: for most of such are cut off by various chances of human life and die, and by the just judgment of God do not reach old age, and thence do not attain to the amendment of life and eternal salvation.
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
21:1
2. King of Judah, son and successor of King Hezekiah (II Kings 21:1-17; II Chron. 33:4-20). His reign was fatal for the monotheistic religion. …
21:3
… He, among his tributaries, mentions "Manasseh king of Judah," who adopted the cults and practices of the rulers (II Kings 21:3).
In many cited passages of the Old Testament in the Hebrew text the 'Ašterah is named, a word that the Septuagint translates ἄλσος and the Vulgate: nemus or lucus, (grove), as in Judg. 6:25, 30; 2 Kings 21:3; 23:4; 2 Chron. 33:3. This translation, however, cannot be justified, since in almost all the passages the word 'Ašterah is found together with other words that signify divinities …
Baal (Ba'al = 'Lord, Master, Owner')
… uprooted by Jehu (I Kings 22:54; II Kings 3:2; 10:18-28). Athaliah introduced it also into Jerusalem, but Joash abolished it (II Kings 11:18; II Chron. 23:17). Restored to honor by Ahaz and Manasseh, it was fought by Hezekiah and Josiah (II Kings 18:4; 21:3; 23:4-5). However, the priests of B. operated until the exile, after which the cult of B. disappears (Jer. 2:8, 2:5; 7:9; 9:14 ff.). …
21:5
… Its door had no leaves (I Kings 6, 3; II Kings 11, 10). The courts were two (II Kings 21, 5; 23, 12; II Chron. 33, 5). The outer court (ibid. 4, 9; cf. Ezek. 10, 17) was a square, enclosed by a wall and paved with stones. …
21:6
… By this toponymic designation was indicated a ravine southwest of Jerusalem, sadly famous because there Ahaz (II Kings 16, 3) and Manasseh (ibid. 21, 6) had sacrificed and burned human victims, especially children, in honor of Moloch. …
… grill (tōpheth) to burn, according to the typical Hebrew expression: ha-ābhīr... bā'ēl lam-mōlekh (2 Kings 23:10) or ha-ābhīr lam-mōlekh (Lev. 18:21; Jer. 32:35) or even without the name of the god M., which is implied (Deut. 18:10; 2 Kings 16:3; 17:17; 21:6; Jer. 7:31; 19:5; Ezek. 16:21; 20:26, 31; 23:37; etc.).
… immolated two of his sons (I Kings 16:34; cf. Josh. 6:26, where the misdeed is the object of execution); likewise some impious princes sacrificed human lives to Moloch in Jerusalem itself, that is, in the valley of Ben-Hinnom or Gehenna (cf. II Kings 16:3; 21:6). Especially in the northern kingdom the sacrifices of children were frequent (ibid. 17:17: in that crime one of the causes of the end of the Kingdom of Israel is recognized). …
21:9
1 and 2 (3 and 4) Book of Kings
… Some are very wicked: Abijah (ibid. 15, 23 ff.), Ahaz (II Kings 16, 2 ff.), Manasseh (ibid. 21, 9) etc.; several practiced substantially the religion of David, but showed tolerance toward the worship of the high places (thus also Jehoshaphat: I Kings 22, 44); very few merit unconditional …
21:15
… The opposition was ruthlessly crushed (II Kings 21:15) and, according to a rabbinic tradition, even the prophet Isaiah was put to death by order of M. In the struggle between Assyria and Egypt, M. was for a long time a vassal and tributary …
21:16
Isaias (HEB. JĒŠA-JĀH[Ā] "SALVATION [IS] YAHWEH", SEPTUAGINT 'HESAIAU)
Indeed the Ascension of Isaiah (5:1 ff.) recounts that the prophet died sawn with a wooden saw (cf. Heb. 11:37) by order of the impious Manasseh (cf. II Kings 21:16), whom he had reproached for idolatry.
21:18
… devoured by a wild beast! Num. 16, 30: the earth opens and swallows the guilty who "descend alive into šē'ōl; cf. Judic. 2, 10. David, Omri, Manasseh "were gathered to their fathers," but were not buried in the family tomb (I Reg. 2, 10; 16, 28; II Reg. 21, 18); the same holds for Abraham, Ishmael, Aaron and Moses.
In II Kings 21:18, 26, where the passage moves from the "garden of O.," perhaps located in the Kidron valley (cf. ibid. 25:4; Neh. 3:15), the most probable reading would be "Uzziah" or "Azariah" (cf. ibid. …
21:19
Amon (Hebrew «Builder»; Septuagint: 'Αμώς)
… (II Kings 21:19-26; II Chron. 33:21-25).
21:21
Amon (Hebrew «Builder»; Septuagint: 'Αμώς)
He followed in his father's footsteps, siding with the Assyrians and encouraging idolatry: "he also served all the abominations that his father had served and adored them" (II Kings 21:21). Indeed he surpassed him in irreligion (II Chron. 33:23), winning the sympathy of the corrupt lower classes.
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.