Josias repaireth the temple. The book of the law is found, upon which they consult the Lord, and are told that great evils shall fall upon them, but not in the time of Josias.
Iosias repayreth the temple, and Diuine seruice. 8. The booke of law is found 11. wherupon they consult our Lord, 15. and are foretold that much euil shal fal vpon them, 18. but the good king shal dye in peace.
1Josias was eight years old when he began to reign: he reigned one and thirty years in Jerusalem: the name of his mother was Idida, the daughter of Hadaia, of Besecath.Josia aveva otto anni quando principiò a regnare, e regnò anni trentuno in Gerusalemme: sua madre ebbe nome Idida figliuola di Hadaia di Besecath.EIGHT yeares old was Iosias when he began to reigne, he reigned one and thirtie yeares in Ierusalem: the name of his mother was Idida, the daughter of Hadaia of Besecath.Octo annorum erat Josias cum regnare cœpisset: triginta et uno anno regnavit in Jerusalem: nomen matris ejus Idida filia Hadaia de Besecath. 2And he did that which was right in the sight of the Lord, and walked in all the ways of David, his father: he turned not aside to the right hand, or to the left.Ed egli fece quello, che era accetto nel cospetto del Signore, e imitò in tutto Davidde suo padre senza piegare né a destra, né a sinistra.And he did that which was liked before our Lord, and walked in al the waies of Dauid his father: he declined not to the right hand, or to the lefte.Fecitque quod placitum erat coram Domino, et ambulavit per omnes vias David patris sui: non declinavit ad dexteram, sive ad sinistram. 3And in the eighteenth year of king Josias, the king sent Saphan, the son of Assia, the son of Messulam, the scribe of the temple of the Lord, saying to him:E l'anno decimo ottavo del re Josia, egli mandò Saphan figliuolo di Assia, figliuolo di Messula, scrivano del tempio del Signore, e gli disse:And in the eightenth yeare of king Iosias, the king sent Saphan the sonne of Aslia, the sonne of Messulam, the scribe of the temple of our Lord, saying to him:Anno autem octavodecimo regis Josiæ, misit rex Saphan filium Aslia filii Messulam scribam templi Domini, dicens ei: 4Go to Helcias, the high priest, that the money may be put together which is brought into the temple of the Lord, which the doorkeepers of the temple have gathered of the people.Va da Helcia sommo Sacerdote, affinchè si fonda l'argento, che è stato portato al tempio del Signore, e ricevuto da' portinaj del tempio dalle mani del popolo,Goe to Helcias the high priest, that the money may be gathered into a summe, which hath beene brought into the temple of our Lord, which the porters of the temple haue gathered of the people,Vade ad Helciam sacerdotem magnum, ut confletur pecunia quæ illata est in templum Domini, quam collegerunt janitores templi a populo:
5And let it be given to the workmen by the overseers of the house of the Lord: and let them distribute it to those that work in the temple of the Lord, to repair the temple:E diasi agl'impresari dai prefetti della casa del Signore, i quali andranno pagando gli operai, che lavorano nel tempio del Signore ai risarcimenti del tempio;and let it be geuen to the workemen by the ouerseers of the house of our Lord: who also shal destribute it to them that worke in the temple of our Lord, to make the reparations of the temple:deturque fabris per præpositos domus Domini, qui et distribuant eam his qui operantur in templo Domini, ad instauranda sartatecta templi: 6That is, to carpenters and masons, and to such as mend breaches: and that timber may be bought, and stones out of the quarries, to repair the temple of the Lord.Viene a dire, i legnaiuoli, e muratori, e quei, che rassettano, che v'è di guasto; e ne compreranno i legnami, e le pietre dalle cave pel ristoramento del tempio del Signore.that is, to the carpenters and masons, and to them that mend broken places: and that timber may be bought, and stones out of the quarries to repayre the temple of our Lord.tignariis videlicet et cæmentariis, et iis qui interrupta componunt: et ut emantur ligna, et lapides de lapicidinis, ad instaurandum templum Domini. 7But let there be no reckoning made with them of the money which they receive, but let them have it in their power, and in their trust.Ma non si tengano a conto pel denaro, che riceveranno, ma lo maneggino liberamente sulla loro fede.Yet let not the money which they receiue be accounted to them, but let them haue it in their powre, and vpon their fidelitie.Verumtamen non supputetur eis argentum quod accipiunt, sed in potestate habeant, et in fide. 8And Helcias, the high priest, said to Saphan, the scribe: I have found the book of the law in the house of the Lord: and Helcias gave the book to Saphan, and he read it.Or Helcia Pontefice disse a Saphan scrivano: Ho trovato nella casa del Signore il libro della legge. E diede Helcia il volume a Saphan, il quale ancora lo lesse.And Helcias the highe priest sayd to Saphan the scribe: I haue found the Booke of the law in the house of our Lord: and Helcias gaue the volume to Saphan, who also did reade it.Dixit autem Helcias pontifex ad Saphan scribam: Librum legis reperi in domo Domini. Deditque Helcias volumen Saphan, qui et legit illud. 9And Saphan, the scribe, came to the king, and brought him word again concerning that which he had commanded, and said: Thy servants have gathered together the money that was found in the house of the Lord: and they have given it to be distributed to the workmen, by the overseers of the works of the temple of the Lord.Indi Saphan scrivano tornò al re, e gli diede parte di quello, che si era fatto secondo gli ordini ricevuti da lui, e disse: I tuoi servi hanno fuso l'argento, che si è trovato nella casa del Signore: e lo hanno dato ai prefetti de' lavori del tempio del Signore, per distribuirlo agli impresari.Saphan also the scribe came to the king, and reported vnto him that which he had commanded, and sayd: Thy seruantes haue gathered into a summe the money, which is found in the house of our Lord: and they haue geuen it to be destributed to the workemen, by the ouerseers of the workes of the temple of our Lord.Venit quoque Saphan scriba ad regem, et renuntiavit ei quod præceperat, et ait: Conflaverunt servi tui pecuniam quæ reperta est in domo Domini, et dederunt ut distribueretur fabris a præfectis operum templi Domini.
10And Saphan, the scribe, told the king, saying: Helcias, the priest, hath delivered to me a book. And when Saphan had read it before the king,E oltre a questo Saphan scrivano raccontò, e disse al re: Helcia sommo Sacerdote mi ha dato un libro. E Saphan avendolo letto alla presenza del re,Saphan also the scribe told the king, saying: Helcias the priest hath geuen me a Booke. Which when Saphan had read before the king,Narravit quoque Saphan scriba regi, dicens: Librum dedit mihi Helcias sacerdos. Quem cum legisset Saphan coram rege, 11And the king had heard the words of the law of the Lord, he rent his garments.E avendo il re udite le parole della legge del Signore, stracciò le sue vesti,and the king had heard the wordes of the law of our Lord, he rent his garmentes.et audisset rex verba libri legis Domini, scidit vestimenta sua. 12And he commanded Helcias, the priest, and Ahicam, the son of Saphan, and Achobor, the son of Micha, and Saphan, the scribe, and Asaia, the king’s servant, saying:E ordinò, e disse ad Helcia sommo Sacerdote, e ad Ahicam figliuolo di Saphan, e ad Achobor figliuolo di Micha, e Saphan scrivano, e ad Asaia ministro del re:And he willed Helcias the priest, and Ahicam the sonne of Saphan, and Achobor the sonne of Micha, and Saphan the Scribe, and Asaia the kinges seruant, saying:Et præcepit Helciæ sacerdoti, et Ahicam filio Saphan, et Achobor filio Micha, et Saphan scribæ, et Asaiæ servo regis, dicens: 13Go and consult the Lord for me, and for the people, and for all Juda, concerning the words of this book which is found: for the great wrath of the Lord is kindled against us, because our fathers have not hearkened to the words of this book, to do all that is written for us.Andate, e consultate il Signore sopra di me, e sopra del popolo, e sopra tutto Giuda riguardo alle parole di questo libro, che si è trovato: imperocché l'ira grande del Signore è accesa contro di noi; perchè i padri nostri non hanno ascoltate le parole di questo libro, per mettere in opera tutto quello, che fu scritto per noi.Goe and consult our Lord for me, and for the people, and for al Iuda, concerning the wordes of this volume, which is found: for the great wrath of our Lord is kindled agaynst vs: because our fathers haue not heard the wordes of this Booke, to doe al that is writen for vs.Ite et consulite Dominum super me, et super populo, et super omni Juda, de verbis voluminis istius, quod inventum est: magna enim ira Domini succensa est contra nos, quia non audierunt patres nostri verba libri hujus, ut facerent omne quod scriptum est nobis.
14So Helcias, the priest, and Ahicam, and Achobor, and Saphan, and Asaia, went to Holda, the prophetess, the wife of Sellum, the son of Thecua, the son of Araas, keeper of the wardrobe, who dwelt in Jerusalem, in the Second: and they spoke to her.Andaron pertanto Helcia Sacerdote, e Ahicam, e Achobor, e Saphan, e Asaia a casa di Holda profetessa, moglie di Sellum, figliuolo di Thecua, figliuolo di Araas Guardarobba, la quale abitava in Gerusalemme nella Seconda: e parlarono con lei.Helcias therfore the priest, and Ahicam, and Achabor, and Saphan, and Asaia went to Holda a prophetesse the wife of Sellum the sonne of Thecua, the sonne of Araas keeper of the garmentes, who dwelt in Ierusalem in the second: and they spake to her.Ierunt itaque Helcias sacerdos, et Ahicam, et Achobor, et Sapham, et Asaia, ad Holdam prophetidem, uxorem Sellum filii Thecuæ filii Araas custodis vestium, quæ habitabat in Jerusalem in Secunda: locutique sunt ad eam. 15And she said to them: Thus saith the Lord, the God of Israel: Tell the man that sent you to me:Ed ella rispose loro: Il Signore Dio d'Israele dice così. Dite a lui, che vi ha mandati da me:And she answered them: Thus sayth our Lord the God of Israel: Tel the man, that sent you to me:Et illa respondit eis: Hæc dicit Dominus Deus Israël: Dicite viro qui misit vos ad me: 16Thus saith the Lord: Behold, I will bring evils upon this place, and upon the inhabitants thereof, all the words of the law which the king of Juda hath read:Queste cose dice il Signore: Ecco, che io manderò sciagure sopra di questo luogo, e sopra i suoi abitanti, adempiendo tutte le parole della legge lette dal re di Giuda;Thus sayth our Lord: Behold, I wil bring euils vpon this place, and vpon the inhabitantes therof, al the wordes of the law which the king of Iuda hath read:Hæc dicit Dominus: Ecce ego adducam mala super locum istum, et super habitatores ejus, omnia verba legis quæ legit rex Juda: 17Because they have forsaken me, and have sacrificed to strange gods, provoking me by all the works of their hands: therefore my indignation shall be kindled against this place, and shall not be quenched.Perchè eglino hanno abbandonato me, e hanno offerti sagrifizi agli dei stranieri, provocandomi a sdegno con tutte le opere delle loro mani: e il mio sdegno si accenderà in questo luogo, e non si estinguerà più.because they haue forsaken me, and haue sacrificed to strange goddes, prouoking me in al the workes of their handes: and my indignation shal be kindled in this place, and shal not be quenched.quia dereliquerunt me, et sacrificaverunt diis alienis, irritantes me in cunctis operibus manuum suarum: et succendetur indignatio mea in loco hoc, et non extinguetur.
18But to the king of Juda, who sent you to consult the Lord, thus shall you say: Thus saith the Lord, the God of Israel: for as much as thou hast heard the words of the book,Ma al re di Giuda, il quale vi ha mandati a consultare il Signore, direte così: Queste cose dice il Signore Dio d'Israele: Perchè tu hai ascoltate le parole di questo libro,But to the king of Iuda, that sent you to consult our lord, thus you shal say: Thus sayth our Lord the God of Israel: For that thou hast heard the wordes of the volume,Regi autem Juda, qui misit vos ut consuleretis Dominum, sic dicetis: Hæc dicit Dominus Deus Israël: Pro eo quod audisti verba voluminis, 19And thy heart hath been moved to fear, and thou hast humbled thyself before the Lord, hearing the words against this place, and the inhabitants thereof, to wit, that they should become a wonder and a curse: and thou hast rent thy garments, and wept before me; I also have heard thee; saith the Lord.E il tuo cuore si è sbigottito, e ti sei umiliato dinanzi al Signore, avendo udito quello, che è stato detto contro di questo luogo, e contro i suoi abitatori, viene a dire, ch'ei diverranno oggetto di stupore, e di maledizione; e hai stracciate le tue vesti, e hai pianto dinanzi a me; io pur ti ho ascoltato, dice il Signore.and thy hart is striken with feare, and thou art humbled before the Lord, hearing the wordes agaynst this place, and the inhabitantes therof, to witte that they should become a wonder and a curse: and hast rent thy garmentes, and wept before me, and I haue heard it, sayth our Lord:et perterritum est cor tuum, et humiliatus es coram Domino, auditis sermonibus contra locum istum et habitatores ejus, quod videlicet fierent in stuporem et in maledictum: et scidisti vestimenta tua, et flevisti coram me, et ego audivi, ait Dominus: 20Therefore I will gather thee to thy fathers, and thou shalt be gathered to thy sepulchre in peace; that thy eyes may not see all the evils which I will bring upon this place.Per questo ti riunirò co' padri tuoi, e in pace te n'anderai al tuo sepolcro, affinchè tu non abbi a vedere cogli occhi tuoi tutti que' mali, ch'io pioverò sopra di questo luogo.therfore I wil gather thee to thy fathers, and thou shalt be gathered to thy sepulchre in peace, that thy eies may not see al the euils, which I wil bring in vpon this place.idcirco colligam te ad patres tuos, et colligeris ad sepulchrum tuum in pace, ut non videant oculi tui omnia mala quæ inducturus sum super locum istum.
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Year of the World 3363, Year before Christ 641.
Du Hamel
Eight years. After he had reigned other eight, being still but a boy, he began more seriously to seek the Lord, and purified his dominions, and the neighbouring country, from all the vestiges of idolatry, 2 Paralipomenon 33:3. He was one of the three most excellent kings of Juda, (Haydock) and might be said to be the last; as those who followed were displaced at pleasure by Egypt, etc. (Du Hamel)
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Year of the World 3380, Year before Christ 624.
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Pagnin
Together, so as to be reduced into a mass, and refined by fire. (Pagnin)
Haydock
Septuagint, "seal up the money." Protestants, "that he may sum the silver which," etc. (Haydock)
Let him make all be paid up that is due, (Piscator) and cease to demand any more.
Calmet
Door-keepers. Their office was of some consequence, 1 Paralipomenon 9:26, 29. (Calmet)
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Grotius
Overseers, or undertakers. (Grotius)
Haydock
People of the great respectability were selected, so that no reckoning with them was requisite, ver. 7. (Haydock)
Calmet
They were thus encouraged to do the work with greater perfection. (Calmet)
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Josephus
The book of the law, (that is, Deuteronomy.; Challoner.; St. Chrysostom, hom. 9. in Matthew) or the Pentateuch. (Josephus)
Haydock
Achaz, Manasses, and Amon, had burnt (R. Solomon) as many copies as they could, (Haydock) but some zealous priests had concealed this copy, in a box, in the wall of the temple, (Lyranus) or in the treasury adjoining it. The very hand writing of Moses, containing the record of the covenant, (or the 28, 29, 30, and 31st chapters of Deuteronomy) which was placed in (Calmet) or beside the ark, was now happily discovered. (Haydock)
It seems it had been misplaced, as the ark itself had been removed, 2 Paralipomenon 24:14., and 35:3. This venerable monument, and the dreadful menaces which it denounced, made the deepest impression upon all, as we should read the autographs of St. Matthew, etc., with far greater respect and emotion than we do the printed copies. It is not at all probably that all the books of Scripture had been destroyed, as there were always some religious souls in both kingdoms; and if some kings had already made the impious attempt, (Haydock) of which, however, they are never accused in Scripture, they would not have been able to carry their malicious designs into effect. Josias had, before his 18th year, made many excellent regulations, conformably to the law, which was well understood, and carefully preserved by the priests and prophets, (Calmet) 2 Paralipomenon 17:9.
Calmet
Read it. Scribes were generally chosen from among the Levites. (Calmet)
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Menochius
Garments, through zeal for God's honour, and fear of his indignation. (Menochius)
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Calmet
Holda. She is known only by this honourable embassy. It is rather wonderful that Jeremias was not consulted, as he had began to prophesy five years before. But he probably resided at Anathoth. Sophonias appeared, perhaps, only towards the end of the reign of Josias. (Calmet)
Challoner
The Second, a street, or part of the city so called; in Hebrew, Massem. (Challoner)
Haydock
The Septuagint retain this word, (Menochius) or rather, "in Masena;" Hebrew mishne. (Haydock)
Tirinus
Manasses inclosed Jerusalem with a second wall, (2 Paralipomenon 33:14.; Calmet) unless this was done by his father, 2 Paralipomenon 32:5. (Tirinus)
Calmet
Here Holda is said to have kept a school. (Calmet)
Vatable
Chaldean, "the house of doctrine," a place next in importance to the temple. (Vatable)
Menochius
St. Jerome speaks of this Second, as of a gate, or part of Jerusalem, between the inner and the outer wall. (Contra Pelag, 2 Irad. in 2 Par. and in Sophon. 1:10.) (Menochius)
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Calmet
Peace, before these horrors overtake the city. Josias was interred with all the usual honours, have[having?] fallen in battle, 4 Kings 23:29. (Calmet)
Haydock
Instead of peace, the Alexandrian Septuagint reads, "in Jerusalem," to which city Josias was brought from Mageddo, where he had perhaps rashly attacked the king of Egypt, with whom he had not been engaged in war. (Haydock)
Du Hamel
This last good king was given to Juda, that he people might not pretend that they were forced to embrace idolatry by the royal power. (St. Jerome) (Du Hamel)
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The book of the law.... That is, Deuteronomy.
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The Second.... A street, or part of the city, so called; in Hebrew, Massem.
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VVithin the second wall the citie hauing three wals. 3. Reg. 3.
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St Ambrose of Milan † AD 397 Selections from the Letters of St. Ambrose 40.26
… Who is to avenge the heresy of the Valentinians? How can your piety avenge them, seeing it has commanded them to be excluded, and denied them permission to meet together? If I set before you Josiah as a king approved of God, will you condemn that in them which was approved in him?
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Socrates Scholasticus † AD 440 The Ecclesiastical History of Socrates Scholasticus 3.8
… for no one runs away from a mild and beneficent person, but from one who is of a barbarous and cruel disposition. Hence it was that ‘Every one that was discontented and in debt’ fled from Saul to David.
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St Hippolytus † AD 235 On Daniel 6
Ver . 1 . “Called Joacim.” This Joacim, being a stranger in Babylon, obtains Susannah in marriage. And she was the daughter of Chelcias the priest,
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom 9
… For many of the prophetic writings have been lost; and this one may see from the history of the Chronicles. For being negligent, and continually falling into ungodliness, some they suffered to perish, others they themselves burnt up and cut to pieces. The latter fact Jeremiah relates; the former, he who composed the fourth book of Kings, saying, that after
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 Homilies on First Corinthians 7
… Paul, however, as being learned in the law and speaking by the Spirit, would of course know all with accuracy. And why speak I of the captivity? Even before the captivity many books had disappeared; the Jews having rushed headlong to the last degree of impiety: and this is plain from the end of the fourth book of Kings, (
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Aphrahat † AD 346 Aphrahat: Select Demonstrations 21.17
… Josiah cleansed the land of Israel from uncleanness; and Jesus cleansed and caused to pass away uncleanness from all the earth. Josiah hallowed and glorified the name of his God; and Jesus said:— I have glorified and will glorify (His Name ). Josiah because of the iniquity of Israel rent his clothes ;
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St Jerome † AD 420 Against Jovinianus 1.25
… “The father to the children shall make known thy faithfulness.” Nor need we wonder that Huldah, the prophetess, and wife of Shallum, was
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St Augustine of Hippo † AD 430 On Care to Be Had for the Dead 16
… and hast rent thy garments, and wept before Me, and I have heard thee, saith the Lord of Sabaoth: not so; behold, I will add thee unto thy fathers, and thou shalt be added unto them in peace; and thine eyes shall not see all the evils which I am bringing upon this place and upon them that dwell therein.”
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1. Josias was eight years old when he began to reign. — This name was imposed upon him by God and predicted 327 years before; for so many years had passed from Roboam and Jeroboam down to Josias, III Kings xiii, 2. For Josias in Hebrew is said to be as it were יה שי ia seai, that is, the gift or offering of God, or as it were אש יה ia es, that is, the fire of God, on account of his zeal and burning sacrifices, and because he burned the idolaters with fire. Hear the Author of the Imperfect Work in Chrysostom, hom. 1 in Matthew: "Josias is interpreted as a victim to the Lord, or the salvation of the Lord. But the Providence of God, according as Josias was to be, dispensed that this name be imposed upon him, where there is a victim to the Lord, or the salvation of the Lord: because truly in him there was a victim of the Lord. For such a sacrifice did he offer to the Lord God, as neither any king before him, nor any after him. And he himself was a victim to God according as the Apostle commands: That you present your bodies a living victim, holy, pleasing to God. And he himself was the salvation of his people in his time from God." And below: "For Josias is the third, whose name was prophesied before he was born. These three are: Samson, Josias, John."
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5. To repair the roof of the temple. — Josias in the repair of the temple imitated his great-grandfather Joas king of Juda, and followed his method in the repair.
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7. Let not an account be required of them for the silver, — that is, let not an accounting and reckoning be demanded of them, but let all the money and expense be credited to their faith, which Joas had commanded in another manner, cap. xii, vers. 15, saying: No account was made to those men who received the money to distribute it to the artificers, but they handled it in faith.
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8. The book of the law I found in the temple of the Lord, — namely Deuteronomy, as Chrysostom says, homily 9 on chapter ii of Matthew, St. Athanasius, epistle to Marcellus, and Abulensis; or the entire Pentateuch, as Josephus says, who adds that it was found in the treasury, while they were taking gold from it for the repair of the temple roof. Certainly in the time of the impious Manasseh, who reigned for fifty-five years, throughout so many years the law was so neglected and the worship of God so profaned, that the "book of the law," as if a newly discovered thing, is written, says Cajetan. Lyranus adds from Rabbi Solomon that the impious Ahaz, who was the grandfather of Manasseh, burned the books of the law, lest he be convicted by them of violated law and idolatry. Wherefore the priests secretly hid the book of the law in a wall of the temple which they had dug through and sealed: but the masons, while by the command of Josiah they were repairing the roof of the temple, found the book, and brought it to the High Priest, and he brought it to King Josiah.
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14. So Hilkiah the priest, etc., went to Huldah the prophetess, the wife (the Septuagint of Sixtus has, the mother) of Shallum. — This "Shallum" the Hebrews hand down to have been the uncle of the father of Jeremiah. Why did they not go to Jeremiah, who was prophesying at that time? Perhaps because he was absent from the city. St. Jerome adds, in book II Against the Pelagians, in that a woman is consulted, there is a hidden reproof of the king, the priests and all the men, in that no holy man of the men could be found who could predict the future. Finally, this "Huldah" was celebrated and venerable among all by reason of old age, prudence, holiness, and oracles, equally as Deborah, Judges chapter IV, and Anna the mother of Samuel, I Kings chapter II. Who dwelt in Jerusalem in the Second, — namely in that part of the city which was called the "Second city," according to the second (for there were universally three walls) wall of the city, and near the second gate, or middle gate, which was called "of the fish," through which one went to the temple, through which the Chaldeans invaded Jerusalem and the temple. Thus St. Jerome, in the place already cited, Villalpandus, Ribera, Salianus, Serarius and others. See Adrichomius in the Description of Jerusalem. The Chaldean translator renders "Second" as house of doctrine, that is, a school; Vatablus, a place of second dignity from the temple, in which place effort was given to learning and doctrine. For in that place dwelt prophets and teachers, and among them the Rechabites. Hence also the Talmud is divided into the Mishnah and the Gemara. For the Mishnah signifies the second, as if the first be the law of Moses, the second be the repetition and explanation of the Talmudic law.
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
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1 and 2 (3 and 4) Book of Kings
… of David, but showed tolerance toward the worship of the high places (thus also Jehoshaphat: I Kings 22, 44); very few merit unconditional praise for having practiced purely and simply the religion of Yahweh (Hezekiah: II Kings 18, 3 ff.; Josiah: ibid. 22, 2). The concluding formula contains: a) an indication of the source, to which the reader too is referred for fuller information (I Kings 14, 29; 15, 7, 25, 31; II Kings 8, 23; 10, …
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1 and 2 (3 and 4) Book of Kings
… origin, which narrate the construction of the Temple (ibid. 6, 1-7, 50), the revolt against Athaliah, organized by the high priest Jehoiada (II Reg. 11, 1-20), the restorations of the Temple under Joash (ibid. 12, 1-16), the religious reform of Josiah (ibid. 22, 3-23, 27) etc.; others, finally, of prophetic origin, whence the invective of a prophet against Jeroboam and the altar built by him in Bethel (I Reg. 13, 1-23), the reproach
… The historicity of II Kings 22:3-23:24 and II Chron. 34:3-35:19 is irrefutable, where probably there is even question of the whole Pentateuch. …
Jezonias (Hebrew Ja'āzāujah and Jēzaujāh [ā] "Yahweh Has Heard")
… It does not appear that his father Shaphan is to be identified with the secretary of King Josiah (2 Kings 22, 3, 4; Jer. 29, 3; etc.).
1. Ancestor of Shaphan, secretary of Josiah (2 Kings 22:3).
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… commission of priests went to her to hear the response of God. The prophetess confirmed the authenticity of the discovered text, uttered grave threats should it not be observed, and predicted an adequate reward for the reforming zeal of King Josiah (II Kings 22:8-20; II Chron. 34:8-28). The episode, which was of great importance in the Jewish religion, took place in the 18th year of Josiah, that is, in 621 B.C. Angelo Penna
… determined how great a part they had in it. To encourage and stimulate the pious king there came a very important event: the discovery of the "book of the Töräh" in the eighteenth year of his reign (622 B.C.), during the restoration work in the Temple (II Kings 22:8 ff.; II Chron. 34:8 ff.). …
22:12
… That the recovered codex was a book known to all in Israel is evident from the biblical account (II Kings 22:12).
22:14
… She was the wife of Shallum, keeper of the wardrobe of the king, and she lived in the new quarter to the northwest of Jerusalem (II Kings 22:14; II Chron. 34:22).
After Samaria fell in 721, the capital received many refugees who went to swell the mišneh quarter, or new city 'ir mišneh (II Kings 22, 14; II Chron. 34, 22; Neh. 11, 14), which had been forming outside the city walls and which Hezekiah (716), on the eve of Sennacherib's invasion, protected by creating a new circuit ("the …
2. S. son of Thecua and husband of the prophetess Huldah, keeper of the priestly garments in the time of King Josiah (v.) (II Kings 22:14; II Chron. 34:22); some think that he is the same S. uncle of the prophet Jeremiah (Jer. 32:7).
22:28
… When the Pharaoh's negotiations to obtain passage proved vain, battle was joined; fighting, Josiah was gravely wounded and died shortly thereafter (II Kings 22:28-30; II Chron. 35:20-25). His death (609 B.C.) was an irreparable disaster for the Kingdom of Judah and the prelude to the final catastrophe (v. IOAKIM; IOACHIN).
22:29
… He built fortified centers throughout the country; he also conceived the idea of fitting out, as Solomon had already done, an expedition of "ships of Tarshish" (that is, long-range ships) to load gold at Ophir: but the undertaking failed, since the ships broke up at Ezion-Geber (II Kings 22, 29). J. made peace and friendship with the king of Israel Ahab, sealing it with the marriage of his son Jehoram (v.) to Athaliah daughter of Ahab: a grave error, which was strongly reproached …
22:44
… tolerated before the construction of the Temple, and "the sacred poles," objects of idolatrous worship in honor of the Canaanite goddess 'Asherah or Astarte: but he did not succeed entirely, at least as regards the so-called high places or bāmōth (II Kings 22, 44 and II Chron. 20, 33: the people continued there to sacrifice and burn incense); which nevertheless does not diminish the merit of the pious king.
22:47
… religion (II Chron. 19, 4). He removed from the country the qēdhēshim or prostitutes (idolatrous priests devoted to infamous rites), who had infested the country from more remote times and whom Asa his father had not succeeded in removing entirely (II Kings 22, 47). He also strove to remove "the altars of the high places," scattered here and there throughout the kingdom and tolerated before the construction of the Temple, and "the sacred poles," …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.