Gorgias with six thousand souldiars wel appointed, intending sudenly to destroy the Israelites armie of three thousand not wel armed, 8. is defeated; halfe of his men slaine, the rest running away. 16. Iudas staying his men from spoyling, til the enemies were out of sight, then they take rich prayes; and render thankes to God. 28. The next yeare, Lysias with three score thousand foote, and six thousand horsemen inuading Iurie, Iudas with tenne thousand (making his prayer to God) killeth fiue thousand: 35. the rest flying, Lysias gathereth more souldiars. 36. Iudas with his bretheren, and others clense the temple, and renew holie thinges. 55. Offer Sacrifice, 58. and institute a feast of the dedication of a new Altar.
1Then Gorgias took five thousand men, and a thousand of the best horsemen; and they removed out of the camp by night.Ma Gorgia prese seco cinque mila fonti e mille cavalli scelti, e si mosse di notte tempo,AND Gorgias tooke fiue thousand chosen horsemen: & they remoued the campe by night,Et assumpsit Gorgias quinque millia virorum, et mille equites electos: et moverunt castra nocte, 2That they might come upon the camp of the Jews and strike them suddenly: and the men that were of the castle were their guides.Per avvicinarsi al campo de' Giudei, e assalirgli all'improvviso: e quelli della fortezza gli facevano da guide.that they might approch to the campe of the Iewes, and might strike them sodenly: and the children that were of the castel, were their guides.ut applicarent ad castra Judæorum, et percuterent eos subito: et filii, qui erant ex arce, erant illis duces. 3And Judas heard of it, and rose up, he and the valiant men, to attack the king’s forces that were in Emmaus.Ma Giuda v'ebbe vento, e si mosse egli coi più valorosi per assalire il grosso dell'esercito del re, che era in Emmaum.And Iudas heard, and arose, he and the mighties to strike the powre of the kings armie, that were in Emmaum.Et audivit Judas, et surrexit ipse et potentes percutere virtutem exercituum regis, qui erant in Emmaum: 4For as yet the army was dispersed from the campPerocchè quell'esercito era tuttavia sparpagliato fuori degli alloggiamenti.For as yet the armie was dispersed from the campe.adhuc enim dispersus erat exercitus a castris. 5And Gorgias came by night into the camp of Judas, and found no man; and he sought them in the mountains: for he said: These men flee from us.E Gorgia giunse di notte agli alloggiamenti di Giuda, e non vi trovò anima, egli andava cercando per la montagna, dicendo. Costoro ci fuggono.And Gorgias came into the campe of Iudas by night, and found no man, and he sought them in the mountaynes: because he sayd: These flee from vs.Et venit Gorgias in castra Judæ noctu, et neminem invenit: et quærebat eos in montibus, quoniam dixit: Fugiunt hi a nobis. 6And when it was day, Judas shewed himself in the plain with three thousand men only, who neither had armour nor swords:Ma fattosi giorno comparve Giuda nella pianura con soli tre mila fanti, che non aveano scudo, ne spada:And when the day was come, Iudas appeared in the filde with three thousand men onlie, which had not harnes, and swords as they would:Et cum dies factus esset, apparuit Judas in campo cum tribus millibus virorum tantum, qui tegumenta et gladios non habebant:
7And they saw the camp of the Gentiles that it was strong, and the men in breastplates, and the horsemen round about them, and these were trained up to war.E videro il forte campo delle genti, e attorno ad esso il corazzieri e soldati a cavallo ben esercitati nel mestiero dell'armi.and they saw the campe of the Gentils strong, and the men in brigantines, and horsemen round about them, and these were skilful to battel.et viderunt castra gentium valida, et loricatos et equitatus in circuitu eorum, et hi docti ad prælium. 8And Judas said to the men that were with him: Fear ye not their multitude, neither be ye afraid of their assault.E Giuda disse a quelli, che eran con lui: Non abbiate paura del loro numero, e non ne temete l'incontro.And Iudas sayd to the men that were with him: Feare not the multitude of them, & of their assault be not afrayd.Et ait Judas viris, qui secum erant: Ne timueritis multitudinem eorum, et impetum eorum ne formidetis. 9Remember in what manner our fathers were saved in the Red Sea, when Pharaoh pursued them with a great army.Ricordatevi in qual modo furon salvati i padri nostri al mar rosso, mentre il faraone gl'inseguiva con grande esercito.Remember in what sort our fathers were saued in the redsea, when Pharao with a great armie folowed them.Mementote qualiter salvi facti sunt patres nostri in mari Rubro, cum sequeretur eos Pharao cum exercitu multo. 10And now let us cry to heaven, and the Lord will have mercy on us, and will remember the covenant of our fathers, and will destroy this army before our face this day:E ora alziamo le voci al cielo, e il Signore avrà pietà di noi, e si ricorderà dell'alleanza fatta co' padri nostri, e distruggerà oggi dinanzi a noi quest'esercito:And now let vs crie towards heauen: and our Lord wil haue mercie on vs, and wil be mindful of the testament of our fathers, & wil destroy this armie, before our face this day:Et nunc clamemus in cælum: et miserebitur nostri Dominus, et memor erit testamenti patrum nostrorum, et conteret exercitum istum ante faciem nostram hodie: 11And all nations shall know that there is one that redeemeth and delivereth Israel.E le genti tutte conosceranno, come havvi un Salvatore e un liberatore per Israele.and al Nations shal know that there is one that redemeth and deliuereth Israel.et scient omnes gentes quia est qui redimat et liberet Israël. 12And the strangers lifted up their eyes, and saw them coming against them.Ma gli stranieri alzarono gli occhi, e videro i Giudei, che andavano verso di loro:And the aliens lifted vp their eyes, and saw them coming against them.Et elevaverunt alienigenæ oculos suos, et viderunt eos venientes ex adverso.
13And they went out of the camp to battle, and they that were with Judas sounded the trumpet.E usciron fuori del campo per combattere; ma quelli che eran con Giuda diedero fiato alla tromba,And they went out of the campe into battel, and these that were with Iudas, sounded with the trumpet.Et exierunt de castris in prælium, et tuba cecinerunt hi qui erant cum Juda. 14And they joined battle: and the Gentiles were routed, and fled into the plain.E vennero alle mani, e le genti furono messe in rotta e fuggiron per la campagna.And they mette together: and the Gentils were discomfited, and fled into the playne.Et congressi sunt: et contritæ sunt gentes, et fugerunt in campum. 15But all the hindmost of them fell by the sword and they pursued them as far as Gezeron, and even to the plains of Idumea, and of Azotus, and of Jamnia: and there fell of them to the number of three thousand men.Ma gli ultimi periron tutti di spada, e (i vincitori) gl'inseguirono fino a Gezeron, e sino alle campagne dell'Idumea e di Azoto e di Jamnia e ne restarono morti sino a tre mila uomini.but al the hi• most fel by the sword, and they pursewed them as far as Gezeron, and euen to the playnes of Idumea, and of Azotus, and of Iamnia: and there fel of them euen to three thousand men.Novissimi autem omnes ceciderunt in gladio, et persecuti sunt eos usque Gezeron, et usque in campos Idumææ, et Azoti, et Jamniæ: et ceciderunt ex illis usque ad tria millia virorum. 16And Judas returned again with his army that followed him.E Giuda tornò indietro coll'esercito, che lo seguiva;And Iudas returned, and his armie folowing him.Et reversus est Judas, et exercitus ejus sequens eum. 17And he said to the people: Be not greedy of the spoils; for there is war before us:E disse alla gente: Non vi venga voglia di bottinare, perocché la guerra non è finita,And he sayd to the people: Couet not the spoiles: because there is battel against vs,Dixitque ad populum: Non concupiscatis spolia: quia bellum contra nos est, 18And Gorgias and his army are near us in the mountain: but stand ye now against our enemies, and overthrow them, and you shall take the spoils afterwards with safety.E Gorgia e il suo esercito sono nella montagna vicino a noi; ora adunque state su contro i nostri nemici, e vinceteli, e poi raccorrete quietamente le spoglie.and Gorgias and his armie are neere vs in the mount: but stand ye now against our enemies, and ouerthrow them, and you shal take the spoiles afterwards secure.et Gorgias et exercitus ejus prope nos in monte: sed state nunc contra inimicos nostros, et expugnate eos, et sumetis postea spolia securi.
19And as Judas was speaking these words, behold part of them appeared, looking forth from the mountain.Mentre queste cose diceva Giuda, eccoli apparire una parte delle schiere, che riguardavan dal monte.And as Iudas was speaking these wordes, loe a certaine part appeared looking forth from the montayne.Et adhuc loquente Juda hæc, ecce apparuit pars quædam prospiciens de monte. 20And Gorgias saw that his men were put to flight, and that they had set fire to the camp: for the smoke that was seen declared what was done.E Gorgia riconobbe, come i suoi erano stati messi in fuga, ed era stato messo il fuoco agli alloggiamenti; perocché il fumo, che si vedeva, manifestava quello che era avvenuto.And Gorgias saw that his men were turned to flight, & that they burnt the campe: for the smoke that was sene declared what was done.Et vidit Gorgias quod in fugam conversi sunt sui, et succenderunt castra: fumus enim, qui videbatur, declarabat quod factum est. 21And when they had seen this, they were seized with great fear, seeing at the same time Judas and his army in the plain ready to fight.Le quali cose veggendo quelli si intimidirono, mirando insieme anche Giuda coll'esercito nella pianura in ordine per la battaglia.Which thinges seene they feared excedingly, beholding withal both Iudas, & the armie in the playne readie to battel.Quibus illi conspectis timuerunt valde, aspicientes simul et Judam, et exercitum in campo paratum ad prælium. 22So they all fled away into the land of the strangers.E tutti fuggirono alle campagne degli stranieri:And they did al flee into the playne of the aliens:Et fugerunt omnes in campum alienigenarum: 23And Judas returned to take the spoils of the camp, and they got much gold, and silver, and blue silk, and purple of the sea, and great riches.E Giuda tornò a spogliare il campo, dove messero insieme molto oro e argento e giacinto e porpora di mare e grandi ricchezze.and Iudas returned to the spoiles of the campe, & they tooke much gold, and siluer, and hiacynth, and purple of the sea, and great riches.et Judas reversus est ad spolia castrorum, et acceperunt aurum multum, et argentum, et hyacinthinum, et purpuram marinam, et opes magnas. 24And returning home, they sung a hymn, and blessed God in heaven, because he is good, because his mercy endureth for ever.E dando volta indietro cantavano un inno benedicendo ad alla voce Iddio, perché egli è buono, perché la misericordia di lui e' eterna.And turning they sung an hymne, and blessed God towards heauen, because he is good, because his mercie is for euer.Et conversi, hymnum canebant, et benedicebant Deum in cælum, quoniam bonus est, quoniam in sæculum misericordia ejus.
25So Israel had a great deliverance that day.E grande fu la vittoria, che salvò Israele in quel giorno.And great saluation was made in Israel in that day.Et facta est salus magna in Israël in die illa. 26And such of the strangers as escaped, went and told Lysias all that had happened.Or tutti quegli stranieri, che ebbero scampo andarono a dare le nuove a Lisia di quel che era accaduto.And whosoeuer escaped of the aliens, they came and told Lysias al thinges that had chanced.Quicumque autem alienigenarum evaserunt, venerunt, et nuntiaverunt Lysiæ universa quæ acciderant. 27And when he heard these things, he was amazed and discouraged: because things had not succeeded in Israel according to his mind, and as the king had commanded.Lo che udendo quegli, sbigottito era fuori di se, perché non era stato d'Israele quello che egli bramava, e quello che il re avea comandato.Which when he heard being amased he faynted in mynd: that such thinges chanced not in Israel, as he would, and such as the king commanded.Quibus ille auditis, consternatus animo deficiebat: quod non qualia voluit, talia contigerunt in Israël, et qualia mandavit rex. 28So the year following, Lysias gathered together threescore thousand chosen men, and five thousand horsemen, that he might subdue them.E l'anno seguente Lisia raunò sessanta mila uomini scelti, e cinque mila cavalli per debellare i Giudei.And the yeare folowing Lysias gathered of chosen men three score thousand, and of horsemen fiue thousand, to ouerthrow them.Et sequenti anno, congregavit Lysias virorum electorum sexaginta millia, et equitum quinque millia, ut debellaret eos. 29And they came into Judea, and pitched their tents in Bethoron, and Judas met them with ten thousand men.Ed entrarono nella Giudea, e posero il campo vicino a Bethoron e Giuda andò loro incontro con dieci mila uomini.And they came into Iewrie, and pitched the campe in Bethoron, and Iudas mette them with ten thousand men.Et venerunt in Judæam, et castra posuerunt in Bethoron, et occurrit illis Judas cum decem millibus viris. 30And they saw that the army was strong, and he prayed and said: Blessed art thou, O Saviour of Israel, who didst break the violence of the mighty by the hand of thy servant David, and didst deliver up the camp of the strangers into the hands of Jonathan the son of Saul, and of his armour bearer.E videro un forte esercito, e (Giuda) orò, e disse: Benedetto se' tu, o Salvatore d'Israele che abbattesti la forza di un gigante per mano di Davidde tuo servo, e desti il campo degli stranieri in potere di Gionata figliuolo di Saul e del suo scudiere.And they saw the armie strong, and he prayed, and sayd: Blessed art thou ô sauiour of Israel, which brakest the assault of the mightie by the hand of thy seruant Dauid, and didst deliuer the campe of the aliens into the hand of Ionathas Sauls sonne, and of his esquyer.Et viderunt exercitum fortem, et oravit, et dixit: Benedictus es, salvator Israël, qui contrivisti impetum potentis in manu servi tui David, et tradidisti castra alienigenarum in manu Jonathæ filii Saul, et armigeri ejus.
31Shut up this army in the hands of thy people Israel, and let them be confounded in their host and their horsemen.Rinserra questo esercito sotto il potere del popol tuo d'Israele, e sia la lor confusione il numero delle loro schiere e la loro cavalleria.shut vp this armie in the hand of thy people Israel, and let them be confounded in their armie and horsemen.Conclude exercitum istum in manu populi tui Israël, et confundantur in exercitu suo et equitibus. 32Strike them with fear, and cause the boldness of their strength to languish, and let them quake at their own destruction.Infondi in loro la paura, e struggi in essi l'ardire e il valore; e colle proprie loro forze si distruggono.Geue them feare, and consume the bouldnes of their strength, and let them be shaken with their contrition,Da illis formidinem, et tabefac audaciam virtutis eorum, et commoveantur contritione sua. 33Cast them down with the sword of them that love thee: and let all that know thy name praise thee with hymns.Atterrali tu sotto la spada di color, che ti amano, e laude e inni cantino a te tutti quelli che conoscono il nome tuo.cast them downe with the sword of them, that loue thee: & let al that know thy name, prayse thee in hymnes.Dejice illos gladio diligentium te: et collaudent te omnes, qui noverunt nomen tuum, in hymnis. 34And they joined battle: and there fell of the army of Lysias five thousand men.E attaccata la zuffa perirono dell'esercito di Lisia cinque mila uomini.And they ioyned battel: and there fel of the armie of Lysias fiue thousand men.Et commiserunt prælium: et ceciderunt de exercitu Lysiæ quinque millia virorum. 35And when Lysias saw that his men were put to flight, and how bold the Jews were, and that they were ready either to live, or to die manfully, he went to Antioch, and chose soldiers, that they might come again into Judea with greater numbers.Ma Lisia veduta la fuga de' suoi e l'ardir de' Giudei, e come erano disposti a vivere e morire da forti, se n'andò ad Antiochia, e fece leva di soldati scelti per tornar di nuovo nella Giudea con maggiori forze.And Lysias seing the flight of his men, and the boldnes of the Iewes, and that they are readie either to liue or to dye manfully, he went to Antioch, and chose souldiars, that being multiplied they might come agayne into Iewrie.Videns autem Lysias fugam suorum, et Judæorum audaciam, et quod parati sunt aut vivere, aut mori fortiter, abiit Antiochiam, et elegit milites, ut multiplicati rursus venirent in Judæam.
36Then Judas, and his brethren said: Behold our enemies are discomfited: let us go up now to cleanse the holy places, and to repair them.Ma Giuda e i suoi fratelli dissero: Or che i nostri nemici sono per terra andiamo a purificare e ristorare il santuario.But Iudas, and his bretheren sayd: Behold our enemies are discomfited: let vs goe vp now to clense the holie places, and to renew them.Dixit autem Judas, et fratres ejus: Ecce contriti sunt inimici nostri: ascendamus nunc mundare sancta, et renovare. 37And all the army assembled together, and they went up into Mount Sion.E raunata tutto l'esercito, salirono al monte di Sion.And al the armie assembled together, and they went vp into mount Sion.Et congregatus est omnis exercitus, et ascenderunt in montem Sion. 38And they saw the sanctuary desolate, and the altar profaned, and the gates burnt, and shrubs growing up in the courts as in a forest, or on the mountains, and the chambers joining to the temple thrown down.E videro deserto il luogo santo, profanato l'altare, e bruciate le porte, e nei cortili spuntare i virgulti come in un bosco, o sopra un monte, e rovinati gli appartamenti.And they saw the sanctification desert, and the altar prophaned, and the gates burnt, and in the courts shrubbes growen vp as in a forest, or on the mountaynes, & the chambers throwen downe.Et viderunt sanctificationem desertam, et altare profanatum, et portas exustas, et in atriis virgulta nata sicut in saltu vel in montibus, et pastophoria diruta. 39And they rent their garments, and made great lamentation, and put ashes on their heads:E si stracciarono le vesti, e fecero gran lutto, e si gettaron la cenere sopra la testa.And they rent their garments, and lamented with a great lamentation, and layd ashes vpon their head:Et sciderunt vestimenta sua, et planxerunt planctu magno, et imposuerunt cinerem super caput suum, 40And they fell down to the ground on their faces, and they sounded with the trumpets of alarm, and they cried towards heaven.E si prostraron boccone per terra, e dieder fiato alle trombe, colle quali davansi i segnali, e alzaron le strida al cielo.and they fel on their face vpon the earth, and cried out with trumpets of significations, and cried towards heauen.et ceciderunt in faciem super terram, et exclamaverunt tubis signorum, et clamaverunt in cælum. 41Then Judas appointed men to fight against them that were in the castle, till they had cleansed the holy places,Allora Giuda messe in ordine un numero di soldati, che combattessero contro quelli che eran nella fortezza, nel tempo che si andava purificando il santuario.Then Iudas ordayned men, to fight against them that were in the castel, til they clensed the holie places.Tunc ordinavit Judas viros ut pugnarent adversus eos qui erant in arce, donec emundarent sancta. 42And he chose priests without blemish, whose will was set upon the law of God.Ed elesse de' sacerdoti senza macchia amanti della legge di Dio.And he chose priests without spotte, hauing their wil in the law of God:Et elegit sacerdotes sine macula, voluntatem habentes in lege Dei:
43And they cleansed the holy places, and took away the stones that had been defiled into an unclean place.E questi purificarono il santuario, e portaron le pietre contaminate in luogo profano.and they clensed the holie places, and tooke away the stones of contamination into an vncleane place.et mundaverunt sancta, et tulerunt lapides contaminationis in locum immundum. 44And he considered about the altar of holocausts that had been profaned, what he should do with it.E (Giuda) tenne consulta sopra quel che avesse da farsi dell'altare degli olocausti, che era stato profanato.And he considered of the altar of holocausts, that was prophaned, what he should doe with it.Et cogitavit de altari holocaustorum, quod profanatum erat, quid de eo faceret. 45And a good counsel came into their minds, to pull it down: lest it should be a reproach to them, because the Gentiles had defiled it; so they threw it down.E presero il partito migliore di distruggerlo, perché non fosse per essi di scorno, avendolo contaminato le genti; e lo demolirono.And good counsel came to their mindes, to destroy it: lest perhaps it might be a reproch to them, because the Gentils contaminated it, and they threw it downe.Et incidit illis consilium bonum ut destruerent illud: ne forte illis esset in opprobrium, quia contaminaverunt illud gentes, et demoliti sunt illud. 46And they laid up the stones in the mountain of the temple, in a convenient place, till there should come a prophet, and give answer concerning them.E ne riposero le pietre sul monte del tempio in luogo conveniente, per sino a tante che venisse un profeta, e decidesse quel che se v'avesse da fare.And they layd vp the stones in the mount of the house in a place conuenient, til there should come a prophete, and geue answer concerning them.Et reposuerunt lapides in monte domus in loco apto, quoadusque veniret propheta, et responderet de eis. 47Then they took whole stones, according to the law and built a new altar, according to the former:E presero delle pietre intiere secondo la legge, ed eressero un altare nuovo simile a quel di prima:And they tooke whole stones according to the law, and builded a new altar according to that which was before:Et acceperunt lapides integros secundum legem, et ædificaverunt altare novum secundum illud quod fuit prius: 48And they built up the holy places, and the things that were within the temple: and they sanctified the temple and the courts.E riedificarono il Santuario, e quel che era nell'interior della casa, e santificarono la casa e l'atrio.and they built the holie places, and the thinges that were within the temple inward: and the temple, and the courts they sanctified.et ædificaverunt sancta, et quæ intra domum erant intrinsecus: et ædem, et atria sanctificaverunt.
49And they made new holy vessels, and brought in the candlestick, and the altar of incense, and the table, into the temple.E fecer nuovi i vasi santi, e portarono nel tempio il candelabro e l'altare degli incensi e la mensa.And they made the holie vessels new, and brought in the candlestike, and the altar of incenses, and the table into the temple.Et fecerunt vasa sancta nova, et intulerunt candelabrum, et altare incensorum, et mensam, in templum. 50And they put incense upon the altar, and lighted up the lamps that were upon the candlestick, and they gave light in the temple.E gettaron l'incenso sopra l'altare, e accesero le lucerne, che erano attorno al candelabro, le quali rischiaravano il tempio.And they put incense vpon the altar, and lighted the lampes, that were vpon the candlesticke, and they gaue light in the temple.Et incensum posuerunt super altare, et accenderunt lucernas quæ super candelabrum erant, et lucebant in templo. 51And they set the loaves upon the table, and hung up the veils, and finished all the works that they had begun to make.E posero i pani sopra la mensa, e attaccarono i veli, e ridussero a perfezione tutta l'opera incominciata.And they set loaues vpon the table, and hung vp the veles, and finished al the workes, that they had made.Et posuerunt super mensam panes, et appenderunt vela, et consummaverunt omnia opera quæ fecerant. 52And they arose before the morning on the five and twentieth day of the ninth month, (which is the month of Casleu) in the hundred and forty-eighth year.E prima del far del giorno si alzarono ai venticinque del nono mese (vale a dire del mese Casleu) dell'anno cento quarant'otto:And before the morning they arose the fiue and twentith day of the ninth moneth (this is the moneth of Casleu) of the hundreth and eight and fourtith yeare:Et ante matutinum surrexerunt quinta et vigesima die mensis noni (hic est mensis Casleu) centesimi quadragesimi octavi anni: 53And they offered sacrifice, according to the law, upon the new altar of holocausts which they had made.E offersero il sacrifizio secondo la legge sopra l'altare degli olocausti fatto da essi di nuovo.and they offered sacrifice according to the law vpon the new altar of holocausts, which they made.et obtulerunt sacrificium secundum legem super altare holocaustorum novum, quod fecerunt. 54According to the time, and according to the day wherein the heathens had defiled it, in the same was it dedicated anew with canticles, and harps, and lutes, and cymbals.Egli fu dedicato di bel nuovo al suono dei cantici e delle cetere e delle lire e dei cimbali nel tempo stesso, e nello stesso giorno, in cui era stato profanato dalle nazioni.According to the time and according to the day, wherin the heathen contaminated it, in the same was it renewed in canticles, and harps, and lutes, and in cymbals.Secundum tempus et secundum diem in qua contaminaverunt illud gentes, in ipsa renovatum est in canticis, et citharis, et cinyris, et in cymbalis.
55And all the people fell upon their faces, and adored, and blessed up to heaven, him that had prospered them.E tutto il popolo si prostrò boccone per terra, e adorarono, e benedissero sino al cielo colui, che avea dato loro quella felicità.And al the people fel on their face, and they adored toward heauen, and blessed him that prospered them.Et cecidit omnis populus in faciem, et adoraverunt, et benedixerunt in cælum eum, qui prosperavit eis. 56And they kept the dedication of the altar eight days, and they offered holocausts with joy, and sacrifices of salvation, and of praise.E celebraron la dedicazione dell'altare per otto giorni, e offerirono olocausti con gaudio, e il sacrifizio di rendimento di grazie e di lode.And they made the dedication of the altar eight dayes, and they offered holocausts with ioy, and sacrifice of saluation, and of prayse.Et fecerunt dedicationem altaris diebus octo, et obtulerunt holocausta cum lætitia, et sacrificium salutaris et laudis. 57And they adorned the front of the temple with crowns of gold, and escutcheons, and they renewed the gates, and the chambers, and hanged doors upon them.E adornarono la facciata del tempio di corone d'oro e di scudi, e dedicarono le porte e gli appartamenti, e ci messero le porte.And they adorned the face of the temple with golden crownes, & litle shieldes: and they dedicated the gates, and the chambers, and hanged doores vpon them.Et ornaverunt faciem templi coronis aureis et scutulis, et dedicaverunt portas et pastophoria, et imposuerunt eis januas. 58And there was exceeding great joy among the people, and the reproach of the Gentiles was turned away.E stragrande fu l'allegrezza del popolo, e scossero da se l'obbrobrio delle nazioni.And there was made exceding great ioy in the people, and the reproch of the Gentils was turned away.Et facta est lætitia in populo magna valde, et aversum est opprobrium gentium. 59And Judas, and his brethren, and all the church of Israel decreed, that the day of the dedication of the altar should be kept in its season from year to year for eight days, from the five and twentieth day of the month of Casleu, with joy and gladness.E Giuda e i suoi fratelli e tutta la Chiesa d'Israele ordinò, che si celebrasse il giorno della consacrazione dell'altare nel tempo fisso, di anno in anno per otto giorni (che principiano dal di venticinque del mese di Casleu) con festa e gaudio.And Iudas decreed, and his bretheren, and al the church of Israel, that the day of the dedication of the altar be kept in the times therof from yeare to yeare for eight dayes, from the fiue and twentith day of the moneth Casleu, with ioy and gladnes.Et statuit Judas, et fratres ejus, et universa ecclesia Israël, ut agatur dies dedicationis altaris in temporibus suis ab anno in annum per dies octo a quinta et vigesima die mensis Casleu, cum lætitia et gaudio.
60They built up also at that time Mount Sion, with high walls, and strong towers round about, lest the Gentiles should at any time come, and tread it down, as they did before.In quel tempo ancora fortificarono il monte di sion, e fecer all'intorno muraglia alte, e forti torri, affinché non venissero le genti a conculcarlo, come avean fatto prima.And they builded at that time mount Sion, & round about high walles, and strong towres, lest sometime the Gentils should come, & conculcate it as they did before.Et ædificaverunt in tempore illo montem Sion, et per circuitum muros altos et turres firmas, nequando venirent gentes, et conculcarent eum sicut antea fecerunt. 61And he placed a garrison there, to keep it, and he fortified it, to secure Bethsura, that the people might have a defence against Idumea.E vi pose un corpo di soldati di guardia, e le fortificò per sicurezza di Bethsura, affinché il popolo avesse questo luogo forte in faccia all'Idumea.And he placed an armie there, to keepe it, and he fensed it to keepe Bethsura, that the people might haue a munition against the face of Idumea.Et collocavit illic exercitum, ut servarent eum, et munivit eum ad custodiendum Bethsuram, ut haberet populus munitionem contra faciem Idumææ.
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Year of the World 3839, Year before Christ 165.
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Calmet
Guides. Several were apostates. Judas was at or near Maspha. (Calmet)
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Worthington
Rose up. The vigilance of rulers and pastors preserves from the devil's stratagems. (Worthington)
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Camp, foraging, as they despised the forces of Judas, and supposed he was in the camp, or engaged with Gorgias.
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Three. We find seven thousand elsewhere. He was at the head of three thousand, and set his three brothers over fifteen hundred each.
Who. Some copies read, "because." He could arm no more completely.
Calmet
Swords. This is added in Greek and in some Latin copies. Having already gained two victories, they must have had some swords, with which they slew the fugitives, ver. 15. (Calmet)
Calmet
They were ill armed, through poverty (Josephus) chiefly, (Haydock) using slings, Zacharias 9:15. (Calmet)
Worthington
Confidence in God procureth his assistance, ver. 8. (Worthington)
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Trumpet. There were many priests in the army.
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Gezeron, or Gazera, near Emmaus.
Haydock
Idumea. Alexandrian manuscript reads "Judea," which seems more probable. The enemy fled on all sides, some among the Philistines; (Calmet) others to the southern parts of Juda, occupied by Edom. (Haydock)
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Sea. This sort of purple was most esteemed. The art of dying it is now lost. The merchants' goods fell into the hands of the Jews. The pursuit was interrupted by the sabbath. At various times Bacchides and Timothy lost above 20,000; Phylarchus and Callisthenes perished; and Nicanor saved himself by flight. The booty was laid up in places of security, 2 Machabees 8:25, 30.
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Haydock
For ever. This was the chorus of Psalm cxxxv., which was sung; (Calmet) or the [Psalm] cxvii. might be used on this occasion. (Haydock)
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Worthington
Commanded. See what followed, 2 Machabees 8:8., to the end. (Worthington)
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Year of the World 3839.
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Destruction. Let them perish, or fall upon each other.
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Year of the World 3840.
Calmet
Burnt by Callisthenes, whom the Jews burnt in a house, 2 Machabees viii. (Calmet)
Haydock
Chambers; (pastophoria. Septuagint) places for beds, veils, etc. (Haydock)
Calmet
St. Jerome commonly prefers "the treasury," with Aquila, or "beds," as Symmachus translates. Chambers for the officers of the temple were common both among pagans and Christians. (Rufin, Hist. 2:23.; Com. Apost.[Apostolic Constitutions?] 2:57; Clement [of Alexandria,] paed. 3:2.) (Calmet)
Worthington
As it was the chief design of Judas to defend religion, so he presently purifies the temple. (Worthington)
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Haydock
Fight, or to be ready, if the garrison should offer to molest them (Calmet) from the higher part of Sion, while they were performing what religion required of them. (Haydock)
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Calmet
Blemish. Legal uncleanness or immorality. (Calmet)
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Defiled. Altars, temples, and statues of false gods made of stone, and set up in the temple, (chap. 1:50.; Worthington) and before the houses, (2 Machabees 10:1.) were now demolished and thrown into the vale of Cedron, 2 Paralipomenon 29:16.
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Stones; rough, and covered with brass: (Exodus 20:25.) though this latter circumstances is not certain with respect to the altar built by the captives.
Prophet. None was recognized after Malachias, as God prepared his people to pay more attention to the Messias.
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Up, or repaired the temple chambers, etc.
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Calmet
Veils, at the entrance of the holy of holies. (Calmet)
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Year of the World 3840.
Worthington
Year. The temple was purified a little more than two years after it had been profaned. (The year [of the kingdom of the Greeks?] 145.) (Worthington)
The sacrifices had been interrupted just three years. The Second Book [of Machabees] 10:3. specifies two years; whence some infer, that the temple was twice dedicated. But these two years most probably refer to the administration of Judas. (St. Thomas Aquinas or some other com.[commentator]; Usher, the year of the world 3840.; Tirinus; Calmet; Salien; Menochius)
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Calmet
Escutcheons, or bucklers of gold, taken from the soldiers of Antiochus, 1 Machabees 6:39. Such ornaments were placed in temples, to testify the gratitude of the people. They wished to restore as much as possible what had been taken away, 1 Machabees 1:23. On this occasion the Jews carried branches in memory of what they had suffered in desert places for three years. Hence they style it the feast of tabernacles of Casleu, 2 Machabees 1:9., and 10:6. (Calmet)
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Worthington
Decreed. Our Saviour observed this [Hanukkah] festival, which was appointed so long after Moses, John 10:22. (Worthington)
Josephus
It was styled Encoenia, and kept in winter, while Solomon's temple was dedicated in Tisri, and Zorobabel's in Adar. The Jews light lamps, (Calmet) to testify their joy. (Josephus, Antiquities 12:11.)
Selden
The Rabbins add, that a small bottle of oil had been preserved by the high priest, which multiplied so as to supply the lamps during the whole octave. Hence they still have lights at their windows on this festival. (Selden, Syn. 3:13.)
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Vatable
Bethsura, which might receive reinforcements from Sion; or rather, (Calmet) Greek, they "fortified Bethsura to keep it, (Sion) that," etc. (Grotius) (Vatable)
Calmet
Idumea. The people of that country had seized many cities of Juda. (Calmet)
Worthington
Read 2 Machabees 10:1. (Worthington)
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The army was dispersed.... That is, in different divisions, not altogether encamped.
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Who neither had armour nor swords.... Such as they wished for.
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The third battle made by Iudas vvas against this Gorgias an other captaine of Antiochus Epiphanes.
4:3
Vigilancie in rulers and pastors preserueth from al the diuels stratagems.
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Confidence in God procureth his assistance.
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Concordanza Psa. 106.
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li. 2. c. 8. v. 8.
O
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The fourth great battle of Iudas vvas agaynst Lysias sent by Antiochus into Iurie.
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Concordanza 1. Reg. 17. 1. Reg. 14.
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As it vvas the first and chiefe intention of Iudas to defend religion & holie things so hauing expugned their enimies, his chief care is to purge the temple, and to restore al holie rites of Gods true seruice.
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Altars, temples, & statues of false goddes made of stone, and set vp in the temple. ch. 1. v. 50. vvere novv destroyed.
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The temple vvas purged tvvo yeares & some thing more after the prophanation vvhich vvas in the yeare 145. ch. 1. v. 57.
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Our Sauiour obserued this feast being instituted long after the Lavv of Moyses. Ioan. 10. v. 226.
Concordanza Ioan. 10.
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li. 2. •. 10. v. •.
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san Giovanni Crisostomo † 407 d.C. The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on Paul's Epistle to the Romans 19
… After this thou didst revert to thy former vice again, and wast a reveller ( ἐξεβακχεύθης 2 Macc. xiv. 33 ), therein, and didst change thy manner of life ( πολιτείαν to the Grecian in the time of Antiochus the impious Dan. viii. 14 ;
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1. Et assumpsit Gorgias quinque millia virorum (peditum) ET MILLE EQUITES ELECTOS, ET MOVERUNT CASTRA NOCTE. — Gorgias erat unus ex tribus ducibus Antiochi et Lysiæ belli experientissimus, quod et hic ostendit, dum cum militibus selectis noctu invadit castra Judæ, ut ex improviso eum dormientem cum suis opprimat. Hoc enim stratagemmate Annibal cecidit Romanos, et Romani Asdrubalem fratrem Annibalis, teste Livio.
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2. ET FILII QUI ERANT EX ARCE ERANT ILLIS DUCES. — q. d. Milites Antiochi in arce Sion nati, vel educati, ideoque regionis et locorum gnari ducebant eos per vias obscuras (erat enim nox), anfractuosas et absconditas, quarum ipsi erant ignari, utpote exteri et alienigenæ.
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3. ET AUDIVIT JUDAS, ET SURREXIT IPSE ET POTENTES (robusti duces et milites) PERCUTERE VIRTUTEM exercituum regis, — puta tota castra a Gorgia relicta. Græce tantum est δύναμιν, id est vim, robur, potentiam, exercitum et copias regis. Sed quia in his castris erant variarum gentium exercitus, satis validi et numerosi, hinc Noster vertit: «Virtutem exercituum regis.» Judas ergo per exploratores rescivit stratagema et consilium Gorgiæ, illudque in ipsum retorsit. Nam eadem nocte ipse reliqua castra Gorgiæ relicta in Emmaum, secura et dormientia invasit, et ex inopinato oppressit.
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4. ADHUC ENIM DISPERSUS ERAT EXERCITUS A CASTRIS, — q. d. Adhuc milites Gorgiæ non erant collecti, et in ordines aciesque suas distributi in castris, sed palabundi vagabantur, sensim colligebant ordinabantque se in castris. Judas, id sciens, dispersos et inordinatos agressus facile prostravit.
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5. ET VENIT GORGIAS IN CASTRA JUDÆ, ET NEMINEM INVENIT, — quia Judas cum suis eadem nocte iverat in Emmaum, ut relictos a Gorgia cæderet, ut dixi.
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6. ET CUM DIES FACTUS ESSET, APPARUIT JUDAS IN CAMPO CUM TRIBUS MILLIBUS VIRORUM (peditum) TANTUM, QUI TEGUMENTA (id est loricas, sive thoraces ferreos et scuta) ET GLADIOS NON HABEBANT, — scilicet, sicut volebant, ut addunt Græci multique Latini codices, q. d. Non habebant gladios politos, acutos, latos et longos, quales ipsi optabant, et quales habebant hostes; sed impolitos, rubigine obductos, hebetatos, strictos et breves; multi etiam non gladiis, sed perticis, fustibus, malleis, ligonibus, falcibus aliisque armis rusticis duntaxat, quæ domi, vel in agro repererant, armati incedebant. Eo major fuit Dei virtus et militum fortitudo, ac victoria. Hoc est quod ait Josephus, lib. XII, cap. xi: «Ducens tria millia virorum non satis instructa armis propter inopiam.» Ita Dionysius Carthusianus et Josephus, Stephanus hic, qui et addit multos ex iis fuisse fundibularios, qui gladiis uti non solebant, ut liberi essent in librandis lapidibus ex fundis. Minus probabiliter Tyranus pro «qui» legens «quia» sic explicat, q. d. Ideo Judas tria duntaxat millia armatorum et gladiatorum eduxit in aciem, quia cæteri Judæi non habebant gladios et clypeos, ut pugnare possent. Porro eos habuisse gladios liquet ex v. 15, ubi dicitur: «Novissimi autem eorum ceciderunt gladio,» et ex eo quod paulo ante Judæi spoliaverunt castra Apollonii; indeque tulerunt gladios et arma cætera.
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7. ET VIDERUNT CASTRA GENTIUM VALIDA, ET LORICATOS ET EQUITATUS. — Nota: Judas et Machabæi pugnabant pedites, nec habebant equites; nulla enim equorum fit mentio, cum hostes copiosum haberent equitatum æque ac peditatum. Causæ fuere variæ. Prima, quia Deus, Deuter. xvii, 16, vetuerat Judæis copiam equorum, ne in eis, sed in ipso confiderent. Ita S. Basilius et alii, quos ibidem citavi, licet Abulensis id negare videatur. Secunda, quia Judæa est montosa et prærupta; unde equis et equitibus vix pervia et ad pugnam incommoda. Tertia, quia Judæa carebat equorum abundantia, ac eorum loco utebatur asinis et mulis, equos vero ex Ægypto (uti fecit Salomon) accersebat: ibi autem eos emere, indeque in Judæam deducere, Machabæis nimis erat onerosum et sumptuosum. Quarta, volebat id Deus, ut magis ostenderet suam potentiam, ac virtutem et robur Machabæorum, quod scilicet ipsi soli Deo nixi, uti fatetur hic Judas, ejus ope implorata, pauci cum multis, pedites cum equitibus, inermes fere cum armatis confligentes, eos tamen prosternerent juxta illud Davidis: «Hi in curribus et hi in equis; nos autem in nomine Domini Dei nostri invocabimus,» Psal. xix, 8.
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10. Et nunc clamemus in cœlum, — dicentes: Mi camocha baelim Jehova, id est: «Quis similis tui in fortibus, Domine?» Exodi xv. Hoc enim erat emblema et tessera Judæ; unde ex versus illius litteris initialibus junctis, dictus est Machabi, id est Machabæus, ut satis ex hisce ejus verbis et similibus colligitur. Nam Judas ubique spem victoriæ non in armis, nec in militibus, sed in Deo unico reposuit, eumque invocavit, atque hac confidentia et supplici prece semper victoriam obtinuit, excepto ultimo prælio, in quo vulneratus occubuit, eo quod non legatur ante prælium Deum invocasse, uti alias facere solebat. ET MEMOR ERIT TESTAMENTI PATRUM NOSTRORUM, — q. d. Memor erit Deus pacti et fœderis cum patribus nostris initi, ut scilicet nos eum colamus, quasi Deum nostrum, et ipse vicissim noster sit Deus, id est protector, provisor, tutor et custos; ideoque nos a tot tantisque hostibus liberet, eosque coram nobis prosternat.
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15. Novissimi autem (fugientium) omnes ceciderunt — cæsi a Juda et sociis, qui fugientes persequebantur, et caudam hostium carpebant ultimosque cædebant.
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17. DIXITQUE JUDAS: NON CONCUPISCATIS SPOLIA, QUIA BELLUM CONTRA NOS EST. — Vide hic prudentiam militarem Judæ, qua suos sub signis continuit, nec spolia hostium rapere permisit, ne hostes fugientes, id videntes, se rursum colligerent, ac Judæos palantes, et spoliis onustos invaderent et prosternerent. Sic enim hoc sæculo vidimus Germanos et Transylvanos, cum multa Turcarum millia cecidissent, ab iisdem fuisse cæsos, eo quod præpropere ad spolia dilapsi, Turcis se in montibus colligendi, et spoliis onustos invadendi mactandique ansam dedissent. Ita Tomyris regina Scytharum, fugam simulans, castra epulis et vino referta, Cyro et Persis diripienda reliquit: at mox regrediens eosdem vino somnoque sepultos ad unum omnes obtruncavit, teste Justino, Herodoto et aliis. Fridericum, Bohemiæ regem, Boleslaus II triplici prælio fudit. Sed dum militi in diripienda præda locum dat, nec victoriam prosequitur; Fridericus, collecto milite, triplici tumentem victoria vicit, et in exilium redire compulit. Ita Delrius, lib. XIII, plura exempla de Alexandro, Annibale, Tiberio. Vide apud Frontinum, lib. II, cap. v. Avaritia ergo, et prædæ aviditas decipit prudentiam, ac victoribus victoriam extorquet, eamque in victos transfert, facitque ut fiat locus cædis, qui paulo ante fuerat victoriæ. Quare sapientes belli duces milites a præda cohibent, et in acie armatos continent, hostesque fugientes persequuntur, donec plena de iis sit victoria; tunc enim secura est prædatio et spoliatio. Hac de causa duces bello victi, ut hostem insequentem morentur, eamque effugiant, pecunias et res pretiosas post se spargunt, ut iis colligendis hostis occupatus persequi desistat. Ita Tryphon rex Syriæ victus, per totum iter fugiens, aurum et argentum dispersit, et hac ratione equites Antiochi sectantes moratus evasit, teste Julio Frontino, lib. II De Stratagematis cap. xiii, qui et addit idem fecisse Gallos cum Attalo pugnantes. Idem fecisse Mithridatem victum a Lucullo et Romanis, ac per gazam regiam Romanis objectam eorum insequentium manus effugisse tradit Plutarchus in Lucullo. Sic castor e venatorum manibus elabitur, resecta virilia eis objiciens; ob hæc enim eos se venari cognoscit, ut e suis virilibus castorium medicis assignent. Audi Polybium, libro X: «Et quoniam plurimi prædæ inhiant, atque victoriam plenam obtinere nequeunt, fit ut de summa rerum periclitentur. Multis hoc accidit ut, licet facti sint voti compotes, et vel in castra hostium irruerint, vel civitatem ceperint, attamen non solum ejecti sint, sed et totius causæ periculum et detrimentum incurrerint.» Tropologice nos cum dæmonibus assidue luctantes spolia terrena relinquere debemus, ne, si eis incubemus, ab illis occupemur et superemur: «Nudi ergo cum nudis luctemur,» ait S. Gregorius.
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20. Et succenderunt castra. — Judas succendit castra, id est tentoria hostium, ut Gorgias eminus e monte rem spectans sciret suos esse cæsos, ideoque castra a Juda esse succensa, itaque metuens sibi et suis fugam capesseret. Quod et factum est.
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23. Hyacinthum (id est vestes hyacinthini, vel violacei coloris) et purpuram marinam, — quæ fit ex succo conchyliorum marinorum, ac præsertim pisciculi, qui purpura vocatur, idque maxime in Tyro; unde vocatur purpura Tyria, et Sarranum (Tyrus enim Hebraice dicitur Sor) ostrum, teste Plinio, lib. IV, cap. xxxviii et xxxix; nam purpura, quæ fit ex violis aliisque herbis, pallet, nec cum Tyria comparari potest; hæc enim est ardens, et quasi ignea. Unde Virgilius, Æneid. IV: «Tyrioque ardebat murice lana.» Porro milites Chaldæi æque ac Persæ utebantur vestibus purpureis et coccineis tum ad ornatum. Unde Xenophon, lib. IV Cyrop.: «Erant, ait, milites armati omnes iisdem armis, quibus Cyrus, puniceis tunicis;» tum ut in prælio vulnerati sanguinem diffluentem, vulneraque tegerent per concolorem tunicam purpuream, ne socios consternerent et hostibus audaciam adderent, uti testatur Valerius Maximus, lib. II, cap. vi; et Ælianus, lib. VI, cap. vi.
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24. Et conversi hymnum canebant, — puta epinicion Deo, victoriam illius opi et virtuti non suæ assignantes; qua gratitudine Deum sibi devinciebant, ut novas eis daret victorias; victoria enim est donum Dei, qui illud gratis largitur, ingratis negat, vel datum aufert. Hinc Christiani, parta victoria, canunt: «Te Deum laudamus.»
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25. ET FACTA EST SALUS, id est victoria, MAGNA IN ISRAEL; — victoria enim hæc salutem dedit Israeli. Metonymice ergo ponitur causa pro effectu. Vide dicta cap. III, 6. Adde: salus, sicut et pax Hebræis omne beneficium, omnem felicitatem, omne bonum significat. Unde illud Psalm. xvii: «Magnificans salutes, id est beneficia et dona regis ejus;» hinc eas mox vocat «misericordiam,» sive gratiam.
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28. ET SEQUENTI ANNO CONGREGAVIT LYSIAS VIRORUM (peditum) ELECTORUM SEXAGINTA MILLIA ET EQUITUM QUINQUE MILLIA, — quæ Judas cum paucis Deo nixus pari fortitudine et felicitate prostravit, vers. 34.
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32. DA ILLIS FORMIDINEM, (immitte eis terrorem panicum, ut putent contra se venire, vel militum, vel Angelorum formidabiles acies, itaque perculsi fugiant, imo se invicem invadant, putantes commilitones suos esse hostes, itaque) COMMOVEANTUR CONTRITIONE SUA, — ut se mutuo conquassando conterant, se proterant et trucident, uti factum est Madianitis sub Gedeone, qui mutua cæde se truncabant. Judicum vii, 22. ET TABEFAC (Græce τῆξον, id est liquefac, sicut cera dissolvitur et liquefit coram igne) AUDACIAM VIRTUTIS EORUM.
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35. Videns autem Lysias fugam suorum, et Judæorum audaciam, et quod parati sunt aut vivere, aut mori fortiter, — generose tam ad «vivere» quam ad «mori» referendum est; vivit autem fortiter in prælio is qui vincit; moritur vero fortiter qui vincitur a numero hostium, sed fortiter pugnando occiditur. ABIIT ANTIOCHIAM. — Prudenter abiit Lysias, quia cum resolutis et desperatis periculosissima est pugna, uti ostendi in libro Judicum et Regum. Quare Judas habens milites, quibus deliberatum erat aut vincere, aut mori, omnes hostium acies protrivit, et admirandas obtinuit victorias. Hæc enim militum resolutio facit eos impertorritos et animosos, quasi leones, ut per tela, per saxa, per ignes involent in hostem, velut fulmina, eosque percellant, sternant et dissipent.
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36. DIXIT AUTEM JUDAS ET FRATRES EJUS: ECCE CONTRITI SUNT INIMICI NOSTRI, ASCENDAMUS NUNC MUNDARE SANCTA, — puta sanctum templum, sancta altaria et vasa, ut ea a Gentibus per idola et superstitiones profanata et polluta expiemus ac renovemus, id est, pristino nitori, honori et decori, Deique cultui restituamus. Vide hic pietatem æque ac solertiam Judæ, qui otio a bellis sibi a Lysia concesso utitur ad negotium sanctum, ut templum expiet, in eoque Dei sacrificia, cultumque restauret. Imitantur Judam nostri duces et milites, ut cum fortitudine bellica, Dei timorem, cultum et pietatem conjungant: itaque a Deo victoriis, omnibusque bonis præsentibus et æternis cumulabuntur.
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38. ET VIDERUNT SANCTIFICATIONEM (id est sanctuarium, sive templum; puta Sanctum et Sanctum sanctorum) DESERTAM ET PASTOPHORIA DIRUTA. — Pastophoria erant cubicula sacerdotum annexa templo, in quibus vestes, opesque templi asservabantur; unde et gazophylacia vocabantur et thalami, Ezech. xl. παστός enim est thalamus, et exedra, quod in eis essent sedes ad sedendum et quiescendum.
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40. ET EXCLAMAVERUNT TUBIS SIGNORUM; — vocantur tubæ «signorum,» quia per earum clangorem significabantur dies festi et populi convocatio, sive conventus, Num. x, 1 et 10. Verius tamen videtur has tubas non fuisse sacras templi; has enim jam abstulerant milites Antiochi, templum profanantes, sed profanas castrorum et belli. Hæ vocantur «signorum,» quia significabant militi, quid agendum foret, ac præsertim adesse hostem, ut ad prælium contra eum se pararet. Erant enim hæ tubæ Judæ ducis, ejusque militum, ut inter hostes constituti tubarum clangore convocarentur, et excitarentur ad vigilandum et ad præliandum eo tempore, quo sacerdotes et eorum asseclæ mundabant templum, ne Antiochi satellites arcem Sion insidentes, ex ea in templum decurrerent et mundantes obtruncarent. Ita Sanchez; unde explicans subdit:
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41. TUNC ORDINAVIT JUDAS VIROS, UT PUGNARENT ADVERSUS EOS QUI ERANT IN ARCE, DONEC EMUNDARENT SANCTA — templi loca, atria et vasa. Arcem Sion enim obtinebant hostes, scilicet Antiochi milites, nec inde eos expellere potuit Judas hoc anno 148 Græcorum, sed post biennium anno 150 Græcorum arcem obsidere cœpit, ac per 23 annos eam obsedere Machabæi, quibus expletis eam tandem expugnarunt, anno 171 Græcorum, ut dicitur cap. xiii, 50.
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42. VOLUNTATEM HABENTES IN LEGE DEI. — «Voluntatem,» id est pium affectum, desiderium, studium legis et cultus Dei promovendi.
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43. ET TULERUNT LAPIDES CONTAMINATIONIS, — e quibus Gentiles idololatræ construxerant sua idola, aras, statuas, etc., quibus tam lapides, quam templum contaminarant et profanarant, cap. i, 50 et lib. II, cap. x. IN LOCUM IMMUNDUM, — puta in Tophet, sive Gehennam, ubi cremabant infantes idolo Moloch. Hic enim locus erat immundissimus et execrabilis, IV Reg. xxiii, 10. Sic olim aræ et templa idolorum a Christianis fuere plane diruta et eversa usque ad S. Gregorium, qui libro IX, Epist. 71 ad Mellitum decernit, ut illa non diruantur, sed expientur, et ab idolorum cultu ad Dei cultum transferantur.
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44. Et cogitavit de altari holocaustorum (quod olim Esdras et sacerdotes in reædificato templo erexerant) quod profanatum erat (per idolum Jovis Olympii, quod in eo collocarant Antiochistæ) QUID DE EO FACERET, — an illud emundaret ad usum, an vero amoveret, quasi indignum ad usum.
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45. ET INCIDIT ILLIS CONSILIUM BONUM, UT DESTRUERENT ILLUD, NE FORTE ILLIS ESSET IN OPPROBRIUM, — ne idololatræ eis exprobrarent, quod in altari per idolum Jovis Olympii polluto sacrificarent, quodque non Deo, sed Jovi sacrificarent; Jovis enim idolum in eo fuerat collocatum.
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46. ET REPOSUERUNT LAPIDES IN MONTE DOMUS (id est in monte Sion, in quo domus Dei, sive templum fabricatum erat) DONEC VENIRET PROPHETA — aliquis, præsertim Messias; hunc enim avide a multis sæculis exspectabant Judæi, et jam imminebat ejus adventus. Nam ab anno 148 Græcorum, quo hæc gesta sunt, usque ad ortum Christi fluxere anni 159 duntaxat. Hinc disce hoc tempore Machabæorum nullum fuisse prophetam in Israel; nam ultimi fuere prophetæ, Zacharias et Malachias. Dices: Cur Judas, cum esset Pontifex, non consuluit Deum per oraculum Ephod, sive per Urim et Thummim? Respondet Josephus oraculum hoc ducentis annis ante Christum siluisse et desiisse. Ita ipse, lib. III, cap. xi. Idem censent Abulensis et alii. Aut certe Ephod hoc dans oracula jam ablatum erat ab Antiochi ministris, ac præsertim a pseudopontifice Jasone, Menelao, Alcimo apostatis et proditoribus, ut Judas eo uti, et per illud Deum consulere non posset. Ita Sanchez.
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48. ET ÆDIFICAVERUNT (ab idololatris diruta, vel disrupta restaurarunt) SANCTA, id est, priorem partem templi, quæ vocabatur «Sanctum» vel «Sancta» in plurali, uti hic vocatur, ET QUÆ INTRA DOMUM ERANT INTRINSECUS, — id est et quoque ea, quæ erant in posteriori et interiori parte templi quæ dicebatur «Sancta sanctorum,» id est sanctissima. In Sancto erat mensa panum propositionis, candelabrum aureum et altare thymiamatis, quæ ab Antiochi satellitibus ablata fuere; unde nova fabricavit Judas, ut dicitur vers. 49. In Sancto sanctorum tantum erat Arca cum Cherubim et Propitiatorio; sed hæc paulo ante excidium Jerusalem per Chaldæos e templo extulit Jeremias et abscondit. Unde Hebræi asserunt in secundo templo, reædificato post reditum e Babylone per Zorobabel, non fuisse Arcam. Alii dicunt fuisse Arcam, non a Mose fabricatam, hanc enim extulit Jeremias, sed aliam Mosaicæ similem a Judæis post reditum efformatam, de quo plura lib. II. ET ÆDEM ET ATRIA SANCTIFICAVERUNT. — Ædes vocatur Sanctum sanctorum, quod præcessit; unde τὸ «ædem» non est in Græco: «atria» erant vicina templo circumcirca, in quibus populus degebat et spectabat sacrificia; hæc omnia ab idololatris contaminata et polluta Judas sanctificavit, id est ab idolis et superstitione purgavit, aqua lustrali expiavit, ac Deo rursum solemni benedictione dedicavit.
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52. QUINTA ET VIGESIMA DIE MENSIS NONI (HIC EST MENSIS CASLEU, — qui nostro partim novembri, partim decembri respondet. Hebræi enim utebantur mensibus lunaribus, cum nos utamur solaribus. Quare hac eadem die 25 Casleu Judæi celebrabant quotannis festum Encæniorum, sive dedicationis templi, eadem die hoc loco facta a Juda. Causa festi fuit beneficii, indeque lætitiæ magnitudo, ideoque per octo dies celebrabatur. Audi II Machab. x, 3: «Qua die autem templum ab alienigenis pollutum fuerat, contigit eadem die purificationem fieri vigesima quinta mensis, qui fuit Casleu; et cum lætitia diebus octo egerunt in modum Tabernaculorum, recordantes quod ante modicum temporis diem solemnem Tabernaculorum in montibus et in speluncis more bestiarum egerant. Propter quod thyrsos et ramos virides, et palmas præferebant ei qui prosperavit mundari locum suum, etc.» Et Josephus, lib. XII: «Tanta vero lætitia ob reductos ritus patrios et priscam religionem occupavit gentis animos, maxime quod ea felicitas ex insperato obtigerat, ut lex lata sit ad posteros, quæ juberet quotannis hoc festum reparati cum cæremoniis templi, per octo dies celebrari; et ex eo tempore mos hic apud nostros obtinuit, vocamusque hanc festivitatem luminum, opinor ideo, quod ex insperato nobis illuxerit tanta felicitas,» etc. Tropologice festo Encæniorum significatur festum quod agunt Angeli et Sancti de peccatore pœnitentiam agente, cum ipse templum animæ suæ, quod per peccatum profanarat, per contritionem expurgat, rursumque Deo dedicat. Vide Riberam, lib. V De Templo, cap. xvii.
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54. SECUNDUM TEMPUS ET SECUNDUM DIEM, (id est, eodem plane die, scilicet 25 Casleu,) IN QUA CONTAMINAVERUNT ILLUD GENTES, — ante triennium, cap. i, 62. q. d. sicut anno 145 Græcorum, die 25 mensis Casleu, Antiochus profanavit templum, ut dictum est cap. i, 62; ita Judas post triennium, puta anno 148 Græcorum, eadem die 25 mensis Casleu templum diserte repurgavit, rursumque Deo dedicavit, uti dicitur lib. II, cap. x, 5. Idem ergo dies fuit profanationis et dedicationis, desolationis et consolationis, luctus et gaudii. Porro Judas dedicavit templum anno 148 Græcorum, vivente adhuc Antiocho; nam hic mortuus est anno sequenti 149 Græcorum, ut dicitur cap. vi, 16. ET CYTHARIS ET CINYRIS. — Hæc duo instrumenta musica vicina erant et sola magnitudine, ac forte fidium numero inter se distincta, uti apud Italos sunt violæ vel violini. Unde Noster II Paralip. ix, 11, et alibi pro cinyris, ut habet Græcus, vertit «citharas,» cithara enim Hebraice vocatur כנור kinnor, id est cinyra.
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59. Et statuit Judas, etc. — q. d. Judas quasi Pontifex instituit festum Encæniorum quotannis celebrandum die 25 Casleu in memoriam purgationis et dedicationis templi, ab illo eodem die factæ. Hujus festi meminit S. Joannes in Evang. cap. x, 22. Vide de hoc festo Riberam, lib. V De Templo, cap. xvii. Hinc solemne semper apud fideles fuit festum dedicationis Ecclesiæ, ut patet ex homiliis, quas in ea habuerunt S. Augustinus, S. Gregorius, S. Chrysostomus, Beda, Bernardus et alii. Sane Constantinus Magnus omnes Episcopos convocavit ad dedicationem templi Jerosolymitani. Quin et Michael Archangelus dedicavit Ecclesiam in monte Gargano; cujus rei memoriam quotannis celebramus die 29 septembris. S. Petrus sibi Ecclesiam dedicavit Londini in Anglia, ut habet vita Eduardi regis Angliæ apud Surium. Denique Christus ipse dedicavit Ecclesiam S. Dionysii Parisiis. Rem gestam enarrat Robertus Gaguinus, lib. III De gestis Francorum.
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60. ET ÆDIFICAVERUNT MONTEM SION. — q. d. In monte Sion construxerunt arcem oppositam arci hostili, ut hostes cohiberent, ne templum sua excursione infestarent. Licet enim vers. 40, Judas constituerit milites, qui arcerent eos qui purgabant templum, necdum tamen arcem eis construxerat; quare illam hic construit. Ex hoc loco originem habuisse videntur milites ad templi custodiam deputati, eorumque præfecti, qui «magistratus templi» vocantur Act. iv, 1, et Luc. xxii, 4, quos Chrysostomus vocat «Duces militum templi;» Beda, «Prætores templi;» Syrus, «Præfectos templi;» Græce vero vocantur στρατηγοὶ τοῦ ἱεροῦ, id est milites templi, Luc. xxii, 51. Videntur hi fuisse Levitæ e tribu Levi, quorum immensus erat numerus: ad hos enim cura templi et sacrorum spectabat, ac proinde per arma et milites suos cavere debebant, ne quis tumultus fieret in templo. Levitæ enim et Sacerdotes quotidie manus cruentando mactatione et laniatione victimarum assuescebant sanguini, discebantque mactare homines templi inimicos. Ad horum similitudinem Jerosolymis a Christianis recuperatis, anno post Christum 1130, instituti sunt Jerosolymitani equites, dicti Templarii, sive milites templi, quorum munus erat itinera ad templum ab infidelium et prædonum incursu tuta servare, uti docet Guilielmus Tyrius, lib. XII De bello sacro, cap. vii. Exstat ad hos insignis sermo S. Bernardi qui illo sæculo vixit, ad milites templi, ubi, cap. ix, asserit eos habitasse juxta templum. Verum cum tandem ipsi imperium Patriarchæ Jerosolymitani, a quo instituti fuerant, detractarent, atque ob ingentes opes insolescerent, a Clemente V, instigante Philippo Pulchro Franciæ rege, exstincti fuere anno Domini 1311, uti in ejus vita narrat Platina, Genebardus et Volaterranus, lib. XXII Anthr. et patet ex Concilio Viennensi in quo sententia damnationis contra Templarios lata est una cum decreto exstinctionis Ordinis ipsorum.
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61. AD CUSTODIENDAM BETHSURAM. — Bethsura fuit alia munitio constructa a Juda contra Idumæos, quinque stadiis distans ab arce Sion et a Jerosolymis (stadium continet 125 passus) intra montium fauces, instar Thermopylarum, ait Josephus: unde «Bethsura,» Hebraice idem est quod domus rupis. Audi Adrichomium in Descriptione tribus Juda, num. 61: «Bethsur vel Bethsura S. Hieronymi ætate erat oppidum, vel, ut alii, præsidium et castrum totius Judææ munitissimum; et quoniam erat undique circumvallatum montibus, ab eo nomen accepit. Interpretatur enim Bethsur domus rupis, petræ, aut fortitudinis. Impositum erat claustris montium ad vallem Raphaim, distans uno milliario a Jerusalem, sita super via publica, quæ a Jerusalem ducit Gazam, ut quidam volunt. Firmavit locum hunc ædificiis Roboam Rex Judæ, et iterum Judas Machabæus; Lysias oppugnavit; Antiochus Eupator deditione cepit per fraudem, Jonathas Machabæus recepit. Apud hoc castellum reges Syriæ cum vim Judæis intentarent, sæpe cæsi et profligati sunt. Ipse postremo Simon Machabæus occupatum, contra omnes hostium irruptiones fortissime communivit præsidiis. Erat tempore Hieronymi fons ad radices Bethsur, qui ab eadem, qua gignebatur, humo sorbebatur, in quo fonte quidam putant Eunuchum Candacis reginæ a Philippo baptizatum, atque inde nomen accepisse Fons Æthiopis.»
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EMMAUS. - 1. Città celebre nella storia dei Maccabei (I Mach. 3, 40; 4, 3; 9, 50), capoluogo di toparchia nel 47 a. C. (Fl. Giuseppe, Bell. …
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… Il miracolo passaggio del Mar Rosso è tale fatto storico da non poter essere soppresso senza scuotere tutto l'edificio del Vecchio Testamento (Ex. 14; 15, 4; 22; Num. 33, 8; Deut. 11, 14; Ios. 2, 10; 4, 24; 24, 7; Ps. 105 [106], 8; Id. 11, 16; Neh. 9, 11; Sap. 10, 8; I Mach. 4, 9; Act. 7, 36).
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Nel 166 a. C. G. è nel confine della provincia di Giudea (I Mach. 4, 15; 7, 45). Nel 160 a. C. è fortificata da Bacchide (I Mach. 9, 52); nel 142 è conquistata da Simone Maccabeo, il quale allontana i pagani per insediarsi degli ebrei (I Mach. 13, …
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MACCABEI (GR. ΜΑΚΚΑΒΑΙ͂ΟΙ, VOLG. MACHABAEI)
… L'urto con i 10.000 uomini di Giuda fu aspro, ma non decisivo (I Mach. 4, 26-34; II Mach. 11, 1-12). Lisia, convinto ormai di non poter riuscire a forzare i Giudei, «risoluti come erano a vivere o morire nobilmente» (I Mach. 4, 35), ad accettare le leggi di …
4:28
Il nome di B. è legato alla storia dei Maccabei, particolarmente alla brillante vittoria ottenuta da Giuda Maccabeo nel 165 a. C. sull'esercito di Lisia (I Mach. 4, 28-35; per il v. 29 cf. i Settanta: ἐν Βεθαούραις). …
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MACCABEI (GR. ΜΑΚΚΑΒΑΙ͂ΟΙ, VOLG. MACHABAEI)
… L'urto con i 10.000 uomini di Giuda fu aspro, ma non decisivo (I Mach. 4, 26-34; II Mach. 11, 1-12). Lisia, convinto ormai di non poter riuscire a forzare i Giudei, «risoluti come erano a vivere o morire nobilmente» (I Mach. 4, 35), ad accettare le leggi di Antioco, cercò di intavolare trattative per un armistizio, i cui documenti, riportati in II Mach. 11, 13, sono dalla critica storica e letteraria staccati …
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DEDICAZIONE DEL TEMPIO (EBR. HĀNUK-KĀH)
… In tale occasione si iniziò una festa della durata di 8 giorni; la ordinò che fosse celebrata ogni anno (I Mach. 4, 36-59; II Mach. 10, 1-9). I dottori palestinesi ingiun-
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37,32) e per i suoi abitanti «figli di S.» (ibid. 10,32; Ps. 68,36; Ier. 3,23). Al tempo poi delle lotte maccabaiche il santuario giudaico fu indicato realmente con il nome di «Monte S.» (τὸ ὄρος Σιών; I Mach. 4, 37-60; 6,48.62; 10,11; 14,26). Ivi i prodi Maccabei si trincerarono per resistere alle truppe poste da Antioco Epifane nell'Acra o «città di David» (ibid. 1,33; 7,32; 14,36); probabilmente …
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… Nell'atrio del popolo vi erano portici, ripostigli, abitazioni dei ministri di turno (Neh. 10, 38-40; 12, 25, 44; 13, 4 sgg.); nel mezzo, l'altare degli olocausti di pietre grezze (I Mach. 4, 38-59), poi il bacino di bronzo per le abluzioni. …
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ABOMINAZIONE DELLA DESOLAZIONE
… L'« ob- brobrio » fu tolto con la solenne purificazione del 25 casle nel 164 (I Mach. 4, 41-59; 6, 7).
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SEPHELA (EBR. HAŠ-ŠEPHĒLAH « BASSOPIANO »)
I Filistei si muovono dalle loro terre per occupare villaggi della S. (II Par. 28,18; Zach. 7,7); le truppe siriane battute dai Giudei nella S. riparano nelle città della costa e della Filistea (I Mach. 3, 24; 4,45; 5,66,68).
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… I veri autori non potevano proclamarsi profeti, considerandosi già da tempo chiusa l'età profetica (I Mach. 4, 46; 9, 27); né potevano far credere che Dio affidasse i suoi segreti a oscuri meditativi.
… che non tollerarono alcun libro scritto originariamente in greco, e che anche verso libri composti originariamente in ebraico od umanico si mostrarono sospettosi quando non si presentassero come dovuti a un autore insignito del carisma profetico (cf. I Mach. 4, 46; 14, 41); cosicché i requisiti indispensabili di un libro sacro furono quasi fissati nella lingua ebraica, nella qualità profetica dell'autore supposto anteriore ad Esdra, e nella …
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(1 Mach. 4, 49 sgg.). …
… Nel hēkhāl vi era una sola mensa, un solo candelabro e l'altare dei profumi (I Mach. 1, 21 sg.; 4, 49). Aveva due atri come quello salomonico. …
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Il rito dei p. della p. si mantenne fino al 70 d. C. (I Mach. 4, 51; II Mach. 1, 8; 10, 3; Hebr. 9, 2).
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… babilonese, figura nella Bibbia solo negli scritti postesilici (Zach. 7, 1; Neh. 1, 1; I Mach. 1, 57; II Mach. 1, 9, 18). Dal tempo di Giuda Maccabeo nel 25 di questo mese si usò celebrare con solennità la festa della «dedicazione del Tempio» o Hānukkāh (I Mach. 4, 52-59).
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.