Iudas Machabeus punisheth the wicked: 10. killeth Apollonius in battel. 13. Seron braggeth, but is also ouerthrowen. 25. Antiochus furiously incensed, 29. gathereth money in Persis, 32. leauing Lysias viceroy; 38. who sending a great armie against the Israelites, 42. Iudas and his bretheren commending the cause to God, by prayer and penance, 54. resolue to fight against their enemies.
1Then his son Judas, called Machabeus, rose up in his stead.E succedette in suo luogo Giuda suo figliuolo cognominato, Maccabeo:AND Iudas, that was called Machabeus his sonne arose in his steed: and al his bretheren helped him,Et surrexit Judas, qui vocabatur Machabæus, filius ejus, pro eo: 2And all his brethren helped him, and all they that had joined themselves to his father, and they fought with cheerfulness the battle of Israel.E lo assistevano tutti i suoi fratelli, e tutti quelli, che si erano uniti col padre suo, e allegramente combattevano per Israele.and al that had ioyned themselues to his father, and they fought the battel of Israel with ioy.et adjuvabant eum omnes fratres ejus, et universi qui se conjunxerant patri ejus, et præliabantur prælium Israël cum lætitia. 3And he got his people great honour, and put on a breastplate as a giant, and girt his warlike armour about him in battles, and protected the camp with his sword.Ed egli diede nuovo lustro alla gloria del suo popolo, e imbracciò la sua corazza, come un gigante, e si vinse delle sue armi per combattere e colla sua spada teneva sicuri gli alloggiamenti.And he dilated glorie to his people, and put on him a brigantine as a giant, and girded about him his warlie armour in battels, and protected the campe with his sword.Et dilatavit gloriam populo suo, / et induit se loricam sicut gigas, / et succinxit se arma bellica sua in præliis, / et protegebat castra gladio suo. 4In his acts he was like a lion, and like a lion’s whelp roaring for his prey.Egli nel suo fare era simile a un lione e ad un lioncello che rugge veggendo la preda.He became like a lion in his actes, and as a lions whelpe roaring in hunting.Similis factus est leoni in operibus suis, / et sicut catulus leonis rugiens in venatione. 5And he pursued the wicked and sought them out, and them that troubled his people he burnt with fire:Egli non lasciò bene avere gl'iniqui, andandone in traccia, e sterminò col fuoco quelli a che perturbavano il suo popolo:And he persecuted the wicked enquiring them out, and such as trubled his people, them he burnt with fyre:Et persecutus est iniquos perscrutans eos: / et qui conturbabant populum suum, eos succendit flammis: 6And his enemies were driven away for fear of him, and all the workers of iniquity were troubled: and salvation prospered in his hand.E il timore, che si aveva di lui rispinse i nemici, e scompigliò tutti gli artigiani di iniquità, e la mano di lui apportò salute.and his enemies were repelled for feare of him, al the workers of iniquitie were trubled: and saluation was directed in his hand.et repulsi sunt inimici ejus præ timore ejus, / et omnes operarii iniquitatis conturbati sunt: / et directa est salus in manu ejus.
7And he grieved many kings, and made Jacob glad with his works, and his memory is blessed for ever.E dava assai da pensare a molti re, e colle sue azioni consolava Giacobbe, e la memoria di lui sarà in benedizione per sempre.And he exasperated manie kinges, and reioyced Iacob in his workes, and for euer his memorie is in benediction.Et exacerbabat reges multos, / et lætificabat Jacob in operibus suis, / et in sæculum memoria ejus in benedictione. 8And he went through the cities of Juda, and destroyed the wicked out of them, and turned away wrath from Israel.Egli andò in giro per le città di Giuda, e discaccionne gli empi, e rimosse il flagello da Israele.And he walked through the cities of Iuda, and destroyed the impious out of them, and turned away wrath from Israel.Et perambulavit civitates Juda, / et perdidit impios ex eis, / et avertit iram ab Israël. 9And he was renowned even to the utmost part of the earth, and he gathered them that were perishing.E la sua rinomanza n'andò fino agli ultimi confini del mondo: ed egli riunì quei, che stavano per perire.And he was renowned euen to the vttermost part of the earth, & he gathered thē that perished.Et nominatus est usque ad novissimum terræ, / et congregavit pereuntes. 10And Apollonius gathered together the Gentiles, and a numerous and great army from Samaria, to make war against Israel.Ma Apollonio mise insieme le nazioni e un esercito numeroso e forte di Samaria per venire a battaglia con Israele.And Apollonius gathered together the Gentils, and from Samaria a powre much and great, to make battel against Israel.Et congregavit Apollonius gentes, et a Samaria virtutem multam et magnam ad bellandum contra Israël. 11And Judas understood it, and went forth to meet him: and he overthrew him, and killed him: and many fell down slain, and the rest fled away.E Giuda ne fu informato, e andogli incontro, e lo sconfisse, e lo uccise, e molti furono i feriti e i morti, e il rimanente si diede alla fuga:And Iudas vnderstood it, and wentforth to meete him: and he stroke, and killed him: and there fel manie wounded, and the rest fled away.Et cognovit Judas, et exiit obviam illi: et percussit, et occidit illum: et ceciderunt vulnerati multi, et reliqui fugerunt. 12And he took their spoils, and Judas took the sword of Apollonius, and fought with it all his lifetime.E ne riportarono le spoglie; ma la spada di Apollonio se la prese Giuda, e di essa servivasi sempre nelle battaglie.And he tooke the spoiles of them, and the sword of Apollonius Iudas tooke away, and he fought with it al his dayes.Et accepit spolia eorum: et gladium Apollonii abstulit Judas, et erat pugnans in eo omnibus diebus.
13And Seron, captain of the army of Syria, heard that Judas had assembled a company of the faithful, and a congregation with him,Ma Seron capo dell'esercito della Siria avendo inteso, come Giuda avea formata una ragunata e una chiesa di gente fedele,And Seron capitaine of the armie of Syria heard that Iudas gathered a congregation of the faithful, and an assemblie with him,Et audivit Seron princeps exercitus Syriæ, quod congregavit Judas congregationem fidelium, et ecclesiam secum, 14And he said I will get me a name, and will be glorified in the kingdom, and will overthrow Judas, and those that are with him, that have despised the edict of the king.Disse: Io mi acquisterò un nome, e mi renderò famoso nel regno, debellando Giuda e quelli che sono con lui, che non fanno conto degli ordini del re.and he sayd: I wil make me a name, & wil be glorified in kingdom, & wil ouerthrow Iudas, and those that are with him, that despised the word of the king.et ait: Faciam mihi nomen, et glorificabor in regno, et debellabo Judam, et eos qui cum ipso sunt, qui spernebant verbum regis. 15And he made himself ready; and the host of the wicked went up with him, strong succours, to be revenged of the children of Israel.E si mise in ordine, e si mossero con lui le schiere degli empi, aiuto considerevole a per vendicarsi de' figliuoli d'Israele.And he prepared himself: and there went vp with him a campe of the impious strong helpers, to doe vengeance vpon the children of Israel.Et præparavit se: et ascenderunt cum eo castra impiorum fortes auxiliarii ut facerent vindictam in filios Israël. 16And they approached even as far as Bethoron: and Judas went forth to meet him, with a small company.E si avanzarono fino a Bethoron, e Giuda andò loro incontro con poca gente.And they approched euen as far as Bethoron: & Iudas went forth to meete him with few.Et appropinquaverunt usque ad Bethoron: et exivit Judas obviam illi cum paucis. 17But when they saw the army coming to meet them, they said to Judas: How shall we, being few, be able to fight against so great a multitude, and so strong, and we are ready to faint with fasting today?Ma quando questi ebber veduto l'esercito, che veniva contro di loro, dissero a Giuda: Come potrem noi tanto pochi combattere contro moltitudine così grande e valorosa, e noi siamo oggi stanchi pel digiuno?But as they saw the armie coming to meete them, they sayd to Iudas: How shal we a few be able to fight against so great a multitude and so strong, and we are wearied with fasting to day?Ut autem viderunt exercitum venientem sibi obviam, dixerunt Judæ: Quomodo poterimus pauci pugnare contra multitudinem tantam, et tam fortem, et nos fatigati sumus jejunio hodie ?
18And Judas said: It is an easy matter for many to be shut up in the hands of a few: and there is no difference in the sight of the God of heaven to deliver with a great multitude, or with a small company:Ma Giuda disse: Ell'è facil cosa, che molti restino preda di pochi, e rispetto al Dio del cielo egli è lo stesso il salvare per mano di molti, o per mano di pochi:And Iudas sayd: It is an easie matter for manie to be inclosed in the hand of few: & there is no difference in the sight of the God of heauen to deliuer in manie, and in few.Et ait Judas: Facile est concludi multos in manus paucorum: et non est differentia in conspectu Dei cæli liberare in multis, et in paucis: 19For the success of war is not in the multitude of the army, but strength cometh from heaven.Perocchè non dal numero delle schiere dipende il vincere in guerra, ma dal cielo tiene il valore.Because not in the multitude of the armie is the victorie of battel, but from heauen is the strength.quoniam non in multitudine exercitus victoria belli, sed de cælo fortitudo est. 20They come against us with an insolent multitude, and with pride, to destroy us, and our wives, and our children, and to take our spoils.Quelli vengono contro di noi con una turba di gente insolente e superba per isterminar noi e le nostre mogli e i nostri figliuoli, e spogliarci:They come to vs in an obstinate multitude, and in pride, to destroy vs, and our wiues, and our children, and to spoile vs.Ipsi veniunt ad nos in multitudine contumaci, et superbia, ut disperdant nos, et uxores nostras, et filios nostros, et ut spolient nos: 21But we will fight for our lives, and our laws:Ma noi combatteremo per le nostre vite e per le leggi nostre:But we wil fight for our liues, and our lawes:nos vero pugnabimus pro animabus nostris, et legibus nostris: 22And the Lord himself will overthrow them before our face, but as for you, fear them not.E lo stesso Signore gli abbatterà dinanzi a noi; or voi non abbiatene paura.and our Lord himself wil destroy them before our face, but you feare them not.et ipse Dominus conteret eos ante faciem nostram: vos autem ne timueritis eos. 23And as soon as he had made an end of speaking, he rushed suddenly upon them: and Seron, and his host were overthrown before him:E finito che ebbe di parlare, si scagliò subitamente contro di loro, e Seron col suo esercito rimase sconfitto dinanzi a lui:And as he ceased to speake, he flew vpon them sodenly: and Seron was destroyed, and his host in his sight:Ut cessavit autem loqui, insiluit in eos subito: et contritus est Seron et exercitus ejus in conspectu ipsius:
24And he pursued him by the descent of Bethoron, even to the plain, and there fell of them eight hundred men, and the rest fled into the land of the Philistines.Ed egli lo insegui per la colàta di Bethoron sino alla pianura, e vi perirono ottocento uomini e il resto si fuggi nel paese dei Filistei.and he pursewed him in the descent of Bethoron euen to the playne, and there fel of them eight hundred men, and the rest fled into the land of the Phylisthims.et persecutus est eum in descensu Bethoron usque in campum, et ceciderunt ex eis octingenti viri, reliqui autem fugerunt in terram Philisthiim. 25And the fear of Judas, and of his brethren, and the dread of them, fell upon all the nations round about them.E Giuda e i suoi fratelli erano il terrore di tutte le genti circonvicine:And the feare of Iudas and of his bretheren, and the dread fel vpon al the nations round about them.Et cecidit timor Judæ ac fratrum ejus, et formido super omnes gentes in circuitu eorum: 26And his fame came to the king, and all nations told of the battles of Judas.E la fama di lui giunse fino al re; perocchè tutte le genti parlavano delle geste di Giuda.And his name came to the king, and al nations told of the battels of Iudas.et pervenit ad regem nomen ejus, et de præliis Judæ narrabant omnes gentes. 27Now when king Antiochus heard these words, he was angry in his mind: and he sent, and gathered the forces of all his kingdom, an exceeding strong army.Or quando Antioco udì tali cose si sdegnò forte, e mandò a riunire insieme le milizie di tutto il suo regno, esercito grandemente possente.And as king Antiochus heard these wordes he was wrath in his mind: and he sent, and gathered the armie of al his kingdom, a campe exceding strong:Ut audivit autem rex Antiochus sermones istos, iratus est animo: et misit, et congregavit exercitum universi regni sui, castra fortia valde: 28And he opened his treasury, and gave out pay to the army for a year: and he commanded them, that they should be ready for all things.E aperse il suo erario, e diede alle schiere lo stipendio di un anno, e comando loro, che stessero preparati a tutto.and he opened his treasurie, and gaue wages to the armie for a yeare: and he commanded them, that they should be readie at al assayes.et aperuit ærarium suum, et dedit stipendia exercitui in annum: et mandavit illis ut essent parati ad omnia. 29And he perceived that the money of his treasures failed, and that the tributes of the country were small, because of the dissension, and the evil that he had brought upon the land, that he might take away the laws of old times:Ma osservò, che veniva mancando nelle sue casse il denaro, e che i tributi di quel paese erano scarsi a motivo degli scompigli e delle miserie, che egli vi avea cagionato volendo abolire le leggi, che vi erano osservate ab antico.And he saw that money fayled out of his treasures, and the tributes of the region smal because of the dissension, and the plague, that he had made in the land, to take away the ordinances, that were from the first dayes:Et vidit quod defecit pecunia de thesauris suis, et tributa regionis modica propter dissensionem et plagam quam fecit in terra, ut tolleret legitima, quæ erant a primis diebus:
30And he feared that he should not have as formerly enough for charges and gifts, which he had given before with a liberal hand: for he had abounded more than the kings that had been before him.E temè di non avere da potere spendere, e donare, come prima avea fatto a larga mano, e con munificenza superiore a quella di tutti i passati re.and he feared lest he should not haue as once and twise, for costs and gifts, which he had geuen before with a large hand: and he had abunded aboue the kinges, that had bene before him.et timuit ne non haberet ut semel et bis, in sumptus et donaria, quæ dederat ante larga manu: et abundaverat super reges qui ante eum fuerant. 31And he was greatly perplexed in mind, and purposed to go into Persia, and to take tributes of the countries, and to gather much money.Ed era in gran costernazione, e risolvè di andare in Persia a raccorre i tributi di que'paesi, e mettere insieme molto denaro.And he was excedingly astonied in minde, & purposed to goe into Persis, and to take the tributes of the regions, and to gather together much siluer.Et consternatus erat animo valde, et cogitavit ire in Persidem, et accipere tributa regionum, et congregare argentum multum. 32And he left Lysias, a nobleman of the blood royal to oversee the affairs of the kingdom from the river Euphrates even to the river of Egypt:E lasciò Lisia uomo di gran portata e di stirpe reale per soprintendere agli affari del regno dall'Eufrate sino al fiume d'Egitto:And he left Lysias a noble man of the bloud royal, ouer the kings affayres, from the riuer Euphrates euen to the riuer of Aegypt:Et reliquit Lysiam hominem nobilem de genere regali, super negotia regia, a flumine Euphrate usque ad flumen Ægypti, 33And to bring up his son, Antiochus, till he came again.E affinché avesse cura dell'educazione del suo figliuolo Antioco sino al suo ritorno.and that he should bring vp Antiochus his sonne, til he returned.et ut nutriret Antiochum filium suum, donec rediret. 34And he delivered to him half the army, and the elephants: and he gave him charge concerning all that he would have done, and concerning the inhabitants of Judea, and Jerusalem.E gli diede la metà dell'esercito con gli elefanti, e gli diede le commissioni di tutto quello che ei voleva che si facesse, e anche riguardo agli abitanti della Giudea e di Gerusalemme,And he deliuered to him half the armie, and Elephants: and he gaue him in commandment concerning al thinges that he would, & concerning the inhabitants of Iurie, and Ierusalem:Et tradidit ei medium exercitum, et elephantos: et mandavit ei de omnibus quæ volebat, et de inhabitantibus Judæam, et Jerusalem:
35And that he should send an army against them to destroy and root out the strength of Israel, and the remnant of Jerusalem, and to take away the memory of them from that place.Affinché egli spedisse contro di essi un esercito per abbattere il valore d'Israele e gli avanzi di Gerusalemme, e per cancellare la memoria di essi da quel paese:and that he should send an armie to them, to destroy and roote out the powre of Israel, and the remnant of Ierusalem, and to take away the memorie of them out of the place:et ut mitteret ad eos exercitum ad conterendam et extirpandam virtutem Israël, et reliquias Jerusalem, et auferendam memoriam eorum de loco: 36And that he should settle strangers, to dwell in all their coasts, and divide their land by lot.E affinché tutto il loro paese lo desse ad abitare a gente d'altre nazioni, distribuendo loro a sorte le terre loro.and that he should appoynt inhabitants in al their costs, children strangers, & should by lot distribute their land.et ut constitueret habitatores filios alienigenas in omnibus finibus eorum, et sorte distribueret terram eorum. 37So the king took the half of the army that remained, and went forth from Antioch, the chief city of his kingdom, in the hundred and forty-seventh year: and he passed over the river Euphrates, and went through the higher countries.Or il re col rimanente dell'esercito si parli di Antiochia città del suo regno l'anno cento quarantasette, e passò l'Eufrate, e trascorse le provincie superiori.And the king tooke the part of the armie that remayned, and went forth from Antioch the citie of his kingdom in the yeare an hundreth and seuen and fourtie: and he passed ouer the riuer Euphrates, & walked through the higher countries.Et rex assumpsit partem exercitus residui, et exivit ab Antiochia civitate regni sui anno centesimo et quadragesimo septimo: et transfretavit Euphraten flumen, et perambulabat superiores regiones. 38Then Lysias chose Ptolemee, the son of Dorymenus, and Nicanor, and Gorgias, mighty men of the king’s friends.Ma Lisia scelse Tolomeo figliuolo di Dorimene e Nicanore e Gorgia, uomini potenti del numero degli amici del re:And Lysias chose Ptolomee the sonne of Doryminus, and Nicanor, and Gorgias, mightie men of the kings freindes.Et elegit Lysias Ptolemæum filium Dorymini, et Nicanorem, et Gorgiam, viros potentes ex amicis regis: 39And he sent with them forty thousand men, and seven thousand horsemen: to go into the land of Juda, and to destroy it, according to the king’s orders.E mandò con essi quaranta mila uomini e sette mila soldati a cavallo perché andassero nel paese di Giuda, e lo mettessero a ferro e a fuoco secondo il comando del re.And he sent with them fourtie thousand men, and seuen thousand horsemen: that they should come into the land of Iuda, and should destroy it according to the word of the king.et misit cum eis quadraginta millia virorum, et septem millia equitum, ut venirent in terram Juda, et disperderent eam secundum verbum regis.
40So they went forth with all their power, and came, and pitched near Emmaus, in the plain country.E quelli si mossero con tutte le schiere, e andarono a porre' il campo vicino ad Emmaum nella pianura.And they went forth with al their power, and came, and ioyned nere to Enimaum in the champaine countrie.Et processerunt cum universa virtute sua, et venerunt, et applicuerunt Emmaum in terra campestri. 41And the merchants of the countries heard the fame of them: and they took silver and gold in abundance, and servants: and they came into the camp, to buy the children of Israel for slaves: and there were joined to them the forces of Syria, and of the land of the strangers.E i mercatanti di quei paesi, udita la fama del loro arrivo, presero seco dell'argento e dell'oro in quantità, e de' servi, e andarono agli alloggiamenti per comprare i figliuoli d'Israele come schiavi: e con quelli si unirono le schiere della Siria e quelle di altre nazioni.And the merchants of the countries heard the name of them: and they tooke siluer and gold exceding much, and seruants: and they came into the campe, to take the children of Israel for slaues, and there were added to them the armie of Syria, and of the land of the strangers.Et audierunt mercatores regionum nomen eorum: et acceperunt argentum, et aurum multum valde, et pueros, et venerunt in castra ut acciperent filios Israël in servos, et additi sunt ad eos exercitus Syriæ, et terræ alienigenarum. 42And Judas, and his brethren, saw that evils were multiplied, and that the armies approached to their borders: and they knew the orders the king had given to destroy the people, and utterly abolish them.Ma Giuda e i suoi fratelli veggendo, come crescevano i mali, e gli eserciti si andavano appressando ai loro confini, e avendo risaputo il comando dato dal re di sterminare e annichilare il popolo,And Iudas saw, and his bretheren, that the euils were multiplied, and the armies approched to their borders: and they knew the kings words, which he commanded to doe to the people vnto destruction and consummation:Et vidit Judas et fratres ejus, quia multiplicata sunt mala, et exercitus applicabant ad fines eorum: et cognoverunt verba regis, quæ mandavit populo facere in interitum et consummationem: 43And they said, every man to his neighbour: Let us raise up the low condition of our people, and let us fight for our people, and our sanctuary.Dicevano l'uno all'altro: rimettiamo in piedi il popol nostro abbattuto, e combattiamo in difesa del nostro popolo e delle nostre cose sante.and they sayd euerie one to his neighbour: Let vs set vp the abasing of our people, and let vs fight for our people, and our holies.et dixerunt unusquisque ad proximum suum: Erigamus dejectionem populi nostri, et pugnemus pro populo nostro, et sanctis nostris.
44And the assembly was gathered, that they might be ready for battle, and that they might pray, and ask mercy and compassion.E si adunarono in corpo per prepararsi alla battaglia, e per fare orazione e domandare misericordia e pietà.And an assemblie was gathered, that they should be readie vnto battel: and that they should pray and desire mercie and miserations.Et congregatus est conventus ut essent parati in prælium, et ut orarent et peterent misericordiam et miserationes. 45Now Jerusalem was not inhabited, but was like a desert: there was none of her children that went in or out: and the sanctuary was trodden down: and the children of strangers were in the castle, there was the habitation of the Gentiles: and joy was taken away from Jacob, and the pipe and harp ceased there.E Gerusalemme non aveva abitatori, ma era come un deserto; non vi erano i suoi figliuoli, che andassero, e venissero; e il luogo santo era conculcato, e gente straniera stava nella fortezza, in cui aveano stanza le genti, ed era sbandita ogni allegria dalla casa di Giacobbe, né più vi si udiva o flauto, o cetera.And Ierusalem was not inhabited, but was as a desert: there was none that came in and went out of her children: and the holie place was conculcated: and the children of strangers were in the castel, there was the inhabitation of the Gentils, and pleasure was taken away from Iacob, and there failed their pipe, and harpe.Et Jerusalem non habitabatur, sed erat sicut desertum: non erat qui ingrederetur et egrederetur de natis ejus. Et sanctum conculcabatur: et filii alienigenarum erant in arce; ibi erat habitatio gentium: et ablata est voluptas a Jacob, et defecit ibi tibia et cithara. 46And they assembled together, and came to Maspha, over against Jerusalem: for in Maspha was a place of prayer heretofore in Israel.Or eglino radunatisi andarono a Maspha dirimpetto a Gerusalemme, perché Maspha era luogo di orazione per Israele.And they gathered together, and came into Maspha against Ierusalem: because the place of prayer in Israel was in Maspha before.Et congregati sunt, et venerunt in Maspha contra Jerusalem, quia locus orationis erat in Maspha ante in Israël. 47And they fasted that day, and put on haircloth, and put ashes upon their heads: and they rent their garments:E quel giorno digiunarono, e si vestirono di cilizio, e si gettarono della cenere sulla testa, e stracciarono le loro vesti.And they fasted that day, and clothed themselues with heareclothes, and put ashes on their head: and they rent their garments:Et jejunaverunt illa die, et induerunt se ciliciis, et cinerem imposuerunt capiti suo, et disciderunt vestimenta sua:
48And they laid open the books of the law, in which the Gentiles searched for the likeness of their idols:E distesero i libri della legge, nè quali le genti cercavano similitudini pe' loro simulacri:and they layd open the bookes of the law, out of which the Gentils searched the similitude of their idols:et expanderunt libros legis, de quibus scrutabantur gentes similitudinem simulacrorum suorum: 49And they brought the priestly ornaments, and the first fruits and tithes, and stirred up the Nazarites that had fulfilled their days:E vi portarono gli ornamenti sacerdotali e le primizie e le decime, e fecer venire i Nazarei che avean finito il lor tempo:and they brought the ornaments of priests, and first fruites, and tithes, and raysed vp Nazareits, that had fulfilled their dayes:et attulerunt ornamenta sacerdotalia, et primitias, et decimas: et suscitaverunt Nazaræos, qui impleverant dies, 50And they cried with a loud voice toward heaven, saying: What shall we do with these, and whither shall we carry them?E alzarono fino al cielo le strilla, dicendo: che farem noi di costoro, e dove ti condurremo?and they cried with a lowd voice to heauen, saying: What shal we doe with these, & whither shal we carie them?et clamaverunt voce magna in cælum, dicentes: Quid faciemus istis, et quo eos ducemus ? 51For thy holies are trodden down, and are profaned, and thy priests are in mourning, and are brought low.Or che il tuo santuario e conculcato e profanato, e i tuoi sacerdoti sono in duolo e sono umiliati.And thy holies are conculcated, and they are contaminated, and thy priests are brought into mourning, and into humiliation.et sancta tua conculcata sunt, et contaminata sunt, et sacerdotes tui facti sunt in luctum, et in humilitatem: 52And behold the nations are come together against us, to destroy us: thou knowest what they intend against us.Ed ecco che le nazioni si son ragunate contro di noi per isperderci: tu sai quello che disegnano di fare a noi.And behold the Nations are come together against vs, to destroy vs: thou knowest what thinges they intend against vs.et ecce nationes convenerunt adversum nos ut nos disperdant: tu scis quæ cogitant in nos. 53How shall we be able to stand before their face, unless thou, O God, help us?Come potrem noi sostenerci in faccia a loro, se tu, o Dio, non ci aiuti?How shal we be able to stand before their face, vnles thou ô God doe helpe vs?Quomodo poterimus subsistere ante faciem eorum, nisi tu, Deus, adjuves nos ? 54Then they sounded with trumpets, and cried out with a loud voice.Indi fecero risanare altamente le loro trombe.And with trumpets they cried out with a lowd voice.Et tubis exclamaverunt voce magna.
55And after this, Judas appointed captains over the people, over thousands, and over hundreds, and over fifties, and over tens.E dipoi Giuda nominò i condottieri del popolo, e i tribuni e centurioni e i capi di cinquanta e di dieci uomini.And after these thinges Iudas appointed captaynes of the people, tribunes, and centurions, and a seargents, and decurions.Et post hæc constituit Judas duces populi, tribunos, et centuriones, et pentacontarchos, et decuriones. 56And he said to them that were building houses, or had betrothed wives, or were planting vineyards, or were fearful, that they should return every man to his house, according to the law.E a quelli, che avean di fresco fabbricate case, o che avean preso moglie, od aveano piantate vigne, e ai paurosi disse, che secondo la legge se ne tornassero ciascuno a casa sua.And he sayd to them, that built houses, and despoused wiues, and planted vyneyards, and to the fearful, that euerie one should returne into his house according to the law.Et dixit his, qui ædificabant domos, et sponsabant uxores, et plantabant vineas, et formidolosis, ut redirent unusquisque in domum suam secundum legem. 57So they removed the camp, and pitched on the south side of Emmaus.E mossero il campo, e andarono a postarsi a mezzodì di Emmaum.And they remoued the campe, and pitched at the South of Emmaum.Et moverunt castra, et collocaverunt ad austrum Emmaum. 58And Judas said: Gird yourselves, and be valiant men, and be ready against the morning, that you may fight with these nations that are assembled against us to destroy us and our sanctuary.E Giuda disse: Armatevi, e siate uomini di valore, e siate in ordine per di mattina affin di combattere contro queste genti riunite contro di noi per distruggere noi e le cose nostre sante:And Iudas sayd: Gird vp your selues, and be mightie sonnes, and be readie agaynst the morning, that you may fight against these nations, which are assembled against vs to destroy vs, and our holies:Et ait Judas: Accingimini, et estote filii potentes, et estote parati in mane, ut pugnetis adversus nationes has quæ convenerunt adversus nos disperdere nos, et sancta nostra: 59For it is better for us to die in battle, than to see the evils of our nation, and of the holies:Perocchè meglio è per noi il morire in battaglia, che vedere lo sterminio del nostro popolo e delle cose sante.because it is better for vs to dye in battel, then to see the euils of our nation, and of the holies:quoniam melius est nos mori in bello, quam videre mala gentis nostræ, et sanctorum.
60Nevertheless, as it shall be the will of God in heaven, so be it done.E siane quello che nel cielo si vuole.but as it shal be the wil in heauen, so be it done.Sicut autem fuerit voluntas in cælo, sic fiat.
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Josephus
Judas, the eldest. (Josephus, Jewish Wars 1:1.)
Calmet
His skill and valour also entitled him to this post. (Calmet)
Worthington
He did not claim this honour, but received it from his father, and was obeyed by the virtuous people. (Worthington)
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Calmet
Kings. Epiphanes, Eupator,and Demetrius, with their generals. (Calmet)
Worthington
Judas gained four great battles against Apollonius, Seron, Gorgias, and Lysias, 1 Machabees 4:1, 28. (Worthington)
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Wrath. Making the enemy retire, (Haydock) and purifying the temple, etc.
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Calmet
Perishing. So the Jews style the miserable. (Calmet)
Worthington
Go to 2 Machabees 8:1. (Worthington)
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Year of the World 3838.
Apollonius, who had pillaged Jerusalem, 2 Machabees 5:24.
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Calmet
Wicked apostates. (Calmet)
Haydock
They are the most virulent. (Haydock)
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Bethoron, seven leagues north of Jerusalem.
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Calmet
Fasting. Judas thus laudably prepared for battle. (Calmet)
Worthington
Human frailty fears to engage a strong enemy. But true confidence in God gives courage and victory. (Worthington)
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Year of the World 3839, Year before Christ 165.
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Calmet
Land. He formerly received three hundred talents from Judea; now he was forced to send money thither. (Sulpitius ii.) (Calmet)
Worthington
Times. He not only disturbed the Jews, but other nations, which rebelled. (Worthington)
Menochius
Though he had plundered the temple, he was still poor: the usual fate of wicked princes. (Menochius)
Haydock
Sacrilege seldom prospers. When Henry VIII took the revenues of monasteries, he was still needy. They had amply provided for the poor. Soon after, however, the poor rates commenced; and in the 39th Eliz.[Elizabeth?], no less than eleven bills were brought into Parliament for their relief. (Dugdale.) See Hist. of Prot. Ch.[Challoner?] (Haydock)
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Vaillant
Liberal. Epiphanes left many vestiges of his magnificence. (Vaillant.)
The very year when Apollonius was defeated, (Usher, the year of the world 3838.; Calmet) he exhibited most costly games at Daphne, near Antioch, to excel those of P. Emilius, at Amphipolis. Yet he disgusted the company with his apeish conduct. (Atheneus 5:4.)
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Calmet
Persia. The Arabic (2 Machabees vii.) says the king had revolted. (Calmet)
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Year of the World 3839.
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Polybius
Ptolomee. He had been governor of Cyprus, under Philometor, and gave him the revenue only when he was capable of acting for himself. (Polybius)
He afterwards betrayed the island to Epiphanes, 2 Machabees viii.
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Calmet
Servants. Josephus (Antiquities 12:11.) adds "chains," which were all turned against them by Judas. Nicanor had promised ninety Jews for a talent, 2 Machabees 8:10. (Calmet)
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Pray. This, with fasting and other penitential works, is the best armour in holy wars of religion.
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Worthington
Maspha. Silo had been, and Jerusalem was afterwards, the place for public prayer. (Worthington)
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Calmet
In which. The Greek text seems corrupt. By a small change we might render, "while." (Calmet)
Salien
From some passages abused, the pagans sought to establish their religion. (Salien)
Haydock
For. Many Greek copies add, "to inscribe," (Menochius) or "draw upon them the likenesses of their idols." (Haydock)
Haydock
Thus they wished to defile the books, as they had done the temple, (Menochius) and render them useless to the Jews. (Haydock)
Calmet
Syriac, "law, before the sanctuary on account of the Gentiles, who wished to make them imitate their idolatry." (Calmet)
Haydock
The sacred books would be a good preservative. (Haydock)
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Ornaments, which they had rescued from plunder. It seems they had also set up a sort of tabernacle, and had some ornament from the sanctuary.
Days. They ought then to offer victims, which was now impossible.
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Trumpets. Protection seemed to be promised, Numbers 10:9.
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Calmet
Law. Deuteronomy 20:5. (Calmet)
Haydock
Yet his forces were already few. (Haydock)
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Worthington
Done. This godly resolution inspired them with courage, and procured the victory. (Worthington)
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He did not arrogate to himself to be chief, but being designed by his father, vvas so accepted by his bretheren, & the good people ioyned vvith them in defence of the lavv of God.
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Iudas had foure battles, and victories, against foure general captaines sent by king Antiochus Epiphanes. The first against this Apollonius.
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li. 2. c. 8. v. 1.
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M
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The second against Seron.
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The natural frailtie of man feareth to encounter vvith a strong enemie, but true confidence in Gods helpe, which is euer assured in a good cause, geueth corege and getteth the victorie.
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Not only the Ievves resisted Antiochus innouations in religion, but also diuers other nations reuolted and rebelled because he commanded al •o leaue their for merrites and goddes, and to accept of his goddes only. ch. 1. v. 43.
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persecuting al that did not therto conforme themselues.
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Praying fasting & other vvorkes of penance are the best armour in holie vvarres for religion.
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Publique place of prayer vvas, first in Silo. Iosue. 18. after in Maspha. 1. Reg. 7. lastly in Ierusalem.
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a penta contarchos.
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Concordanza Deu. 20.
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This most godlie resolution encoreged themselues, & procured Gods merciful protection.
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1. Et surrexit Judas. — Josippus ben Gorion asserit Judam a patre Mathathia oleo unctum in Ducem. Sic enim ait: «Protulit Mathathias cornu cum oleo, et effundens super caput ejus unxit eum ad prælia, vociferatusque est universus populus et dixerunt: Vivat unctus.» Addit Josephus eum unctum Jerosolymis in templo; sed hoc videtur falsum; nam Jerusalem cum templo obtinebant milites Antiochi, ut patet cap. 1. Machabæus. — Gorionides asserit hoc nomen hic Judæ primo inditum fuisse a Mathathia patre, ac significare exstinctorem, q. d. Tu, o Juda, esto Machabeus, id est exstinctor Antiochi, cæterorumque hostium Israelis. Melius alii censent id jam ante Judæ fuisse inditum ex Machabi, quod Judas vexillis suis inscribebat; quare illud sic a Mathathia ei non indi, sed jam inditum confirmari, idque verba ipsa satis insinuant. Vide dicta in Proœmio.
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3. Et induit se lorica sicut gigas, — tum quia Judas procero vastoque erat corpore, ac proinde illo ævo, quo non bombardis, sed brachiis et gladiis certabatur fortissimus; unde explicans subdit: ET PROTEGEBAT CASTRA GLADIO SUO, — tum quia eximio et giganteo erat robore, tam corporis quam animi; hoc enim Deus illi, utpote in se solo speranti assidue et continue indebat ad Israelis tutelam. Sic Saul, David, Julius Cæsar, Constantinus, Heraclius, Carolus Magnus, Godefridus Bullonius, procero validoque fuere corpore, idque ac animo, ideoque eximii bellatores, suis manibus et gladiis multos hostium obtruncantes. Gigas enim symbolum est rari roboris et fortitudinis; gigantes enim olim fuere vastissimi et robustissimi, ideoque omnibus terribiles, ut nemo eis se opponere auderet. Talis fuit Judas. Morale. In lege veteri ergo sacerdotes et Pontifices sæpe erant milites et belli duces, ac Judas et fratres ejus sacerdotes; ad hoc proprie a Deo et populo electi sunt, ut Israelem jam pene prostratum, et ab omnibus desertum morigerent et fulcirent. Primario ergo electi fuere in belli duces; additus vero fuit eis Pontificatus, ut ardentius pro religione, templo et Deo contra Antiochum dimicarent, et ob alias causas superius recensitas. Nec id mirum; nam rude et carnale erat tunc sacerdotium; sacerdotes enim erant quasi laniones in mactandis et laniandis ovibus, et bobus Deo immolandis: quare in iis discebant mactare hostes Israelis. Nulli enim milites sæviores sunt lanionibus, qui assidue in cæde et sanguine versantur. Secus est in novo Testamento, ubi sacerdotium longe sublimius et sanctius est, ac sacerdotes circa corpus Christi in Eucharistia consecrandum et offerendum versantur: quare decet eos instar Christi esse mansuetos, pios, Deoque intentos, ac proinde procul abesse a pugnando et occidendo.
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4. Similis factus est leoni, — juxta illud de Juda filio a Jacobo Patriarcha prædictum, Genes. xlix, 9: «Catulus leonis Juda: ad prædam, fili mi, ascendisti; requiescens accubuisti ut leo, et quasi leæna, quis suscitavit eum?» quia in locum hujus Judæ, cui Jacob attribuit principatum, successit noster hic Judas Machabæus, populi dux et princeps, licet non ex Juda, sed ex Levi oriundus, ac eo viribus, robore et victoriis fuit non inferior, sed superior. Tradunt Hebræi Judam pro insigni in vexillis suis gestasse leonem. ET SICUT CATULUS LEONIS RUGIENS IN VENATIONE. — Græce εἰς θήραν, id est in venationem, vel in prædam. Catuli enim leonum cum latrante stomacho esuriunt, rugiunt, et rugiendo irruunt in oves et vaccas, ut famem satient.
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6. Et directa est salus in manu ejus, — q. d. Recte et directe salus Israeli obtigit per manum, robur et prælia Judæ; Judas enim sua industria et fortitudine recte dirigebat Israelem ad salutem, faciebatque ut ad eam recto tramite, cursuque tenderet. Potest secundo per hypallagen sic exponi, q. d. Directa est manus Judæ ad salutem Israeli afferendam. Deus enim Judæ manum direxit ad continuas victorias, quibus salus Israeli directe obvenit. Pro «directa» Græce est εὐοδώθη, id est facili via incessit, prosperata est; unde εὐοδία, est prosperum iter, item prosperitas. Rursum salus hic accipi potest pro victoria; in hac enim consistebat salus et incolumitas populi. Sic salus capitur pro victoria per metonymiam, Judic. xv, 18. I Reg. xi, 9, et xliv, 45, xvii, 47, et I Mach. iv, 25.
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7. Exacerbavit (irritabat, lacessebat, ad iram et indignationem provocabat) REGES MULTOS, — nimirum Antiochum Epiphanem, et ejus filium Antiochum Eupatorem, et Demetrium, eorumque vicinos et amicos; cum his enim multa prælia commisit semper vincens et triumphans.
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10. VIRTUTEM MULTAM. — Græce δύναμιν, id est vim magnam militum.
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11. ET COGNOVIT JUDAS ET EXIIT (cum paucis) OBVIAM ILLI, ET PERCUSSIT ET OCCIDIT ILLUM — Apollonium ducem hostium. Audi rem graphice narrantem Josephum Gorionidem: «Cum videret Judas Apollonium stantem in medio exercitus sui, summo furore decurrit ad eum, ad medium usque castrorum, omnia penetrans ad dextram, ad sinistram fortissimos hostium prosternens, haud secus ac messor manipulos ac spicas messis suæ dejicit, pergensque ad Apollonium percutit eum sternitque suo gladio.»
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12. ET GLADIUM APOLLONII ABSTULIT JUDAS, ET ERAT PUGNANS IN EO OMNIBUS DIEBUS, — tum quia gladius hic, utpote tanti ducis erat insignis, magnus, fortis et acutus; tum in signum victoriæ et trophæum. Divinatione. Apollinis enim templum cum a Brenno vastatum fuisset, Pythiam ex oraculo hæc factam fuisse commemorat: Ἐμοὶ πατρῷον ταῦτα μὴ λέγε· φρουρήσω, «Ego providebo rem istam, et virgines albæ.» Spectra vero alba mox Gallorum exercitui oblata funditus illum deleverunt et obruerunt. At istud fictum est. Vere tamen Constantinum Dei auxilio et miraculis evidenter ostensis vicisse in bellis testatur Eusebius I, vita Constantini, et lib. IX Histor. cap. ix. Cum Theodosio Imperatore I Joannem et S. Philippum Apostolos palam pugnasse contra hostes ipsius testatur Theodoretus, et alii. Sanctorum militiam et pugnam pro fidelibus fuse prosequitur Bellarm. lib. I de Beatitud. Sanct. cap. 18. De Christo vero Jesus nato, non autem simulacro ejus, testis est Eusebius l. 9 c. 9, ubi hæc ait: «In hoc signo vinces.» Idem testatur Nicephorus lib. VII, cap. 28. D. Carolus Borromæus cum oratione sua, tanquam gladio, exercitus hæreticorum in Helvetia fugavit. Nihil enim tam potenter hostes fugat, quam preces sanctorum piorum hominum ad Deum fusæ, vel sancta crux fideliter adorata, vel fidei confessio cum invocatione Christi.
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13. ET AUDIVIT SERON PRINCEPS EXERCITUS SYRIÆ. Seron hic erat dux, et quasi prorex totius Syriæ. Is invidebat Apollonio, ac ejus prælio et cæde duce Juda factæ, ideoque sperabat se Judam superaturum, et gloriam hanc sibi arrogaturum. Sed idem occubuit eidem Judæ.
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14. ET DIXIT: FACIAM MIHI NOMEN, ET GLORIFICABOR IN REGNO, ET DEBELLABO JUDAM, ET EOS QUI CUM EO SUNT, QUI SPERNEBANT VERBUM REGIS. — Id est mandatum regis Antiochi, de colendo Jove Olympio, deque abolendo cultu Dei veri. Hoc est enim quod addit:
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15. ET PRÆPARAVIT SE; ET ASCENDERUNT CUM EO CASTRA IMPIORUM, AUXILIARES FORTES, — ut de filiis Israel vindictam sumeret, id est ut Judæos Machabæos puneret, quod defecissent ab Antiocho, ejusque idololatriam non susciperent.
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16. ET ACCESSERUNT USQUE AD BETHORON, — ubi olim Josue fugavit quinque reges Chananæorum, Josue x. Est autem Bethoron urbs in tribu Ephraim, in confinio tribus Benjamin, in limite Samariæ et Judææ. Unde patet Seronem e Syria per Samariam in Judæam irrupisse. Addit Josephus lib. XII Antiq. cap. 11 Seronem habuisse viginti millia peditum, et equitum vim magnam. ET EXIIT JUDAS OBVIAM ILLI CUM PAUCIS — scilicet 800, ut ait Josephus lib. XII Antiquit. c. 11. Alii putant fuisse mille, alii plures; sed pauci utique erant respectu exercitus Seronis. Hac enim paucitate Judas de industria et fiducia in Deo usus est, ut clarius Deum auctorem victoriæ declararet.
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17. UT AUTEM VIDERUNT EXERCITUM VENIENTEM SIBI OBVIAM, DIXERUNT JUDÆ: QUOMODO POTERIMUS PAUCI PUGNARE CONTRA MULTITUDINEM TANTAM ET TAM FORTEM, ET NOS FATIGATI SUMUS JEJUNIO HODIE? — Jejunabant enim illo die Judæi; erat scilicet dies jejunii vel ordinarii ex lege, vel extraordinarii, quod sibi indixerant, ut patet ex fine hujus capitis. Nota hic duos Judæ sermones ad milites, quibus eorum animos erexit. Prior est v. 18, 19 et 20; posterior v. 21 et 22. PRIMUS SERMO.
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18. ET DIXIT JUDAS: FACILE EST CONCLUDI MULTOS IN MANUS PAUCORUM, — hæc est prima ratio et argumentum Judæ, q. d. Non est nova aut insolita res, paucos cum multis pugnare, eosque vincere, Deo adjuvante: multi enim sæpe a paucis conclusi et victi sunt. ET NON EST DIFFERENTIA IN CONSPECTU DEI CŒLI LIBERARE IN MULTIS, ET IN PAUCIS; — hoc est alterum argumentum Judæ, scilicet Deum æque posse per paucos vincere hostes ac per multos. 19. QUONIAM NON IN MULTITUDINE EXERCITUS VICTORIA BELLI, SED DE CŒLO FORTITUDO EST. — Hæc est tertia ratio, q. d. Victoria non pendet a multitudine aut robore exercitus, sed a Deo in cœlo sedente, qui fortitudinem et victoriam largitur cui vult. Idem docet Ecclesiastes 9. 11: «Non est velocium cursus, nec fortium bellum, nec sapientium panis,» etc. Et Psalm. 32: «Non salvatur rex per multam virtutem, et gigas non salvabitur in multitudine virtutis suæ.» Et II Paralip. 14, 10: «Domine, non est apud te ulla distantia, utrum in paucis auxilieris, an in pluribus; adjuva nos, Domine Deus noster.» Et I Reg. xiv, 6: «Non est Domino difficile salvare, vel in multis, vel in paucis.» 20. IPSI VENIUNT AD NOS IN MULTITUDINE CONTUMACI ET SUPERBIA, UT DISPERDANT NOS, ET UXORES NOSTRAS, ET FILIOS NOSTROS, ET UT SPOLIENT NOS; — hæc est quarta ratio, q. d. Hostes pugnant pro superbia, tyrannide et avaritia sua, ut nos bonis, uxoribus et liberis spolient: nos vero pugnamus pro vita, lege et libertate nostra, idque in defensionem Dei nostri ejusque religionis et cultus; quare Deum habebimus pugnantem pro nobis, ut sequitur:
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SECUNDUS SERMO. 21. NOS VERO PUGNAMUS PRO ANIMABUS NOSTRIS ET LEGIBUS NOSTRIS; 22. ET IPSE DOMINUS CONTERET EOS ANTE FACIEM NOSTRAM; VOS AUTEM NE TIMUERITIS EOS. — Hæc est quinta ratio, ac robur et conclusio omnium, q. d. Deus Dominus, pro cujus cultu pugnamus, pro nobis pugnabit, et hostes nostros conteret ac prostrabit; quare audacter in eos irruite; nil enim est quod timeatis. Sicut enim olim Deus per Gedeonem cum 300 militibus delevit exercitum Madianitarum. Ita et per nos paucos delebit exercitum Seronis. Judic. cap. 7.
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23. ET UT CESSAVIT LOQUI, INSILUIT IN EOS SUBITO, ET CONTRITIUS EST SERON ET EXERCITUS EJUS IN CONSPECTU IPSIUS; — Josephus ait, quotquot priores in ipso aditu et angustiis Bethoron restiterunt, omnes ab ipso concidisse; reliquos vero eorum prostratione perterritos terga vertisse, et in campestria fugisse: eos insecutum Judam plurimos in fuga occidisse. 24. ET PERSECUTUS EST EUM IN DESCENSU BETHORON USQUE IN CAMPUM, — Bethoron enim erat in monte sita, ex eo itaque fugientes hostes in campum, in descensu montis, Judas persecutus est et stravit. Gorionides ait Judæos in descensu Bethoron Seroni insiliisse, eumque cum exercitu suo funditus prostrasse. ET CECIDERUNT EX EIS OCTINGENTI VIRI, RELIQUI AUTEM FUGERUNT IN TERRAM PHILISTHIIM. — Josephus ait cecidisse 800, hostes autem fugisse Antiochiam. Gorionides vero ait plurimos cecidisse, reliquos fugisse in Azotum Philistæorum.
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25. ET CECIDIT TIMOR JUDÆ AC FRATRUM EJUS, ET FORMIDO SUPER OMNES GENTES IN CIRCUITU EORUM; 26. ET PERVENIT AD REGEM NOMEN EJUS, ET DE PRÆLIIS JUDÆ NARRABANT OMNES GENTES. — Quod scilicet tam pauci tam multos vicissent; id quod in admirationem et stuporem omnes rapiebat.
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27. UT AUDIVIT AUTEM REX ANTIOCHUS SERMONES ISTOS, IRATUS EST ANIMO SUO, — quia scilicet duo ejus duces, Apollonius et Seron, cum magnis exercitibus a paucis Judæis victi et cæsi essent. ET MISIT ET CONGREGAVIT EXERCITUM UNIVERSI REGNI SUI, CASTRA FORTIA VALDE; 28. ET APERUIT ÆRARIUM SUUM, ET DEDIT EXERCITUI STIPENDIA IN ANNUM, ET MANDAVIT ILLIS UT ESSENT PARATI AD OMNIA. — Lege librum I Machab. cap. 3 ab hoc versu 27 usque ad 37, ubi hæc fuse narrantur. Antiochus enim, accepta clade Apollonii et Seronis, contracto ingenti exercitu, exhaustoque ærario in stipendia, coactus est ire in Persidem ad colligenda tributa. Reliquit autem Lysiam cum dimidio exercitu, ut debellaret Judæam.
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29. ET PLAGAM QUAM FECIT IN TERRA (in provinciis sibi subjectis) UT TOLLERET LEGITIMA, id est leges et ritus, ac religionem gentium eis a majoribus tradita, quæ erant a primis diebus, quibus illarum gentium Respublicæ fundatæ fuerant. Nihil enim populos ita a rege avertit, et ad seditionem concitat, sicut legum patriarum et religionis avitæ eversio, ac novæ institutio, uti faciebat Antiochus, qui deos Gentium abolebat, ac non nisi se et Jovem Olympium coli volebat. Accedebat quod Asia Antiocho Epiphani subjecta a tempore patris ejus Antiochi Magni a Scipione devicti, solvebat tributa Romanis et Scipioni.
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46. Maspha. — Erat hæc celebris urbs Benjamin et Juda, eoque convocabantur Judæi ad publica comitia, et ad publicam orationem, uti Samuel eodem convocavit populum, ut fœdus populi cum Deo renovaret, I Reg. vii, 5. Alia erat Maspha in tribu Gad, de qua Jud. xx, 29; alia pariter in tribu Ruben, de qua I Machab. v, 35.
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47. ET JEJUNAVERUNT DIE ILLA, (usque ad vesperam et ortum Hesperi more Judæorum), ET INDUERUNT SE CILICIIS, ET CINEREM IMPOSUERUNT CAPITI SUO, ET DISCIDERUNT VESTIMENTA SUA. — Hi erant ritus lugentium et pœnitentium apud Judæos, quibus se humiliabant coram Deo, et publicam orationem, ritus lugentium, peragebant.
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48. De quibus scrutabantur Gentes similitudinem simulacrorum suorum; — exponimus: Machabæi hic ostendunt se non res suas, sed Dei curare, ejusque religionis et cultus zelo moveri, ut Deum quasi cogant ad opem, non tam populo suo, quam sibi ipsi suæque religioni et cultui ferendam. Quare efficax fuit hæc eorum seria sinceraque oratio, ac Deum ad succurrendum inflexit. Simili modo oremus et nos, ac pariter Deum flectemus.
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49. ET SUSCITAVERUNT NAZARÆOS, QUI IMPLEVERANT DIES — sui voti Nazaræatus; diebus enim voti expletis Nazaræi debebant se sistere Deo in templo, ibique hostias offerre præscriptas a Deo, Num. vi. Vide ibi dicta. Porro Nazaræi erant quasi religiosi illius ævi, qui se Deo dicarant et consecrarant, ideoque comam alebant, ac vino et sicera abstinebant. Quare eos hic producunt, Deoque sistunt, ut Deus eos quasi suos sibique consecratos tueatur contra Antiochum et Lysiam.
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50. ET CLAMAVERUNT VOCE MAGNA IN CŒLUM DICENTES: QUID FACIEMUS ISTIS, ET QUO EOS DUCEMUS? — si Lysias nos capiat et totam Judæam æque ac Jerusalem et templum sibi subjuget, et idolis ac idololatris suis impleat, exscisa tui veneratione et cultu; nam ut sequitur:
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51. ET SANCTA TUA, (altaria, vasa omniaque templi loca ab Antiochi satellitibus profanata), CONCULCATA ET CONTAMINATA SUNT. ET SACERDOTES TUI FACTI SUNT IN LUCTUM, — tum activum; lugent enim sacerdotes se sacerdotio jam fungi non posse, sed in exilium actos ab Antiocho, suisque oblationibus, ex quibus vivebant, spoliatos: tum passivum, quia populus luget lugubrem sacerdotum suorum statum, seque iis destitui, ut per eos Deo sacrificare, et ab eis in lege Dei instrui nequeat. ET IN HUMILITATEM, — ubi enim humiliantur et vilipenduntur sacerdotes, ibi pariter vilipenduntur sacrificia, lex, pietas, Dei cultus, ipseque populus fidelis et pius.
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54. ET TUBIS EXCLAMAVERUNT VOCE MAGNA, — at tam voce, quam tubis in cœlum resonantibus Dei opem summis clamoribus implorarent.
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55. Et post hæc (quia post divina præsidia adhibenda quoque sunt humana; Deus enim non juvat nisi conantes et collaborantes, ac facientes omne id quod officium et prudentia requirit) CONSTITUIT JUDAS DUCES POPULI, — nimirum fratres suos Jonatham, Josephum et Simonem. Vide II Mach. viii, 22, ubi Judas aciem instruens eam dividi in quatuor ordines, ac cuilibet unum e fratribus ducem præficit, ita ut quisque sub signis duceret 1400 milites, ac ipse Judas quartus totidem, hoc est, universim sex millia.
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56. ET DIXIT HIS QUI ÆDIFICABANT DOMOS, etc., ET FORMIDOLOSIS UT REDIRENT DOMUM, — ne sociis suis commilitonibus suam formidinem aspergerent, idque juxta legem Deuteronom. cap. xx, 4. Vide ibi dicta.
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58. Accingimini (gladiis, armis cæteroque apparatu bellico), ET ESTOTE FILII POTENTES. — Hebraice בני חיל anse chail, id est viri virtutis, id est strenui, animosi, fortes.
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59. QUONIAM MELIUS EST NOS MORI IN BELLO, QUAM VIDERE MALA GENTIS NOSTRÆ ET SANCTORUM, — id est rerum sanctarum, ut templi, altarium, sacerdotum, etc. Gloriosa enim mors est præliando pro fide, lege et Deo occumbere, q. d. Pugnemus generose, quia aut vincemus, et sic de hoste triumphabimus; aut vincemur, et sic gloriosa morte honestabimur.
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60. SICUT AUTEM FUERIT VOLUNTAS IN CŒLO, SIC FIAT, — ut vel vincamus, vel vincamur et gloriose occumbamus, prout Deus voluerit, q. d. Utcumque alea belli cadet, bene cadet, quia cadet ex voluntate Dei, qua nihil est melius. Sive ergo vincemus, sive vincemur, implebimus voluntatem Dei, qua nihil præstantius optari, aut desiderari potest. Nota hic Judæ fortitudinem, pietatem, resignationem in Dei voluntatem, qua Dei gratiam et victoriam sibi suisque conciliavit. Imitentur eum principes et belli duces, si simili victoria potiri, et a Deo donari optent.
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MACCABEI (GR. ΜΑΚΚΑΒΑΙ͂ΟΙ, VOLG. MACHABAEI)
… Mattatia fu sepolto a Modin (ibid. 2, 49-70; 3, 1-9).
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… Fu ucciso nel 166 a. C. da Giuda Maccabeo (I Mach. 3, 4-12; II Mach. 4, 4-21).
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MACCABEI (GR. ΜΑΚΚΑΒΑΙ͂ΟΙ, VOLG. MACHABAEI)
… La prima vittoria fu nelle montagne di Ephraim, contro il generale Apollonio che dalla Samaria veniva in aiuto di Filippo comandante dell'Acra (ibid. 3, 10-12). Accorso il generale Seron dalla Celesiria per riparare allo scacco, Giuda lo battò nella stretta gola di Bethoron (Bejt 'Ur el-Foqā; ibid. 3, 13-26). Antioco, che si accingeva …
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MACCABEI (GR. ΜΑΚΚΑΒΑΙ͂ΟΙ, VOLG. MACHABAEI)
… La prima vittoria fu nelle montagne di Ephraim, contro il generale Apollonio che dalla Samaria veniva in aiuto di Filippo comandante dell'Acra (ibid. 3, 10-12). Accorso il generale Seron dalla Celesiria per riparare allo scacco, Giuda lo battò nella stretta gola di Bethoron (Bejt 'Ur el-Foqā; ibid. 3, 13-26). Antioco, che si accingeva a partire in guerra contro i Parti, informato della situazione giudaica, ordinò al suo luogotenente Lisia di ristabilire l'ordine e porre fine alla ribellione …
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SEPHELA (EBR. HAŠ-ŠEPHĒLAH « BASSOPIANO »)
SEPHELA (ebr. haš-Šephēlah « bassopiano »). - Termine (spesso tradotto dai Settanta ἡ πεδινὴ [τῆ] = Volgata campestris [terra], o τὸ πεδίον = campus), che designa nella geografia della Palestina (Deut. 1,7; Ios. 11,2; I Mach. 3,24) la zona di colline che si estende dal sud, Lachis e Eglon, sino alla piana di
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MACCABEI (GR. ΜΑΚΚΑΒΑΙ͂ΟΙ, VOLG. MACHABAEI)
… nella stretta gola di Bethoron (Bejt 'Ur el-Foqā; ibid. 3, 13-26). Antioco, che si accingeva a partire in guerra contro i Parti, informato della situazione giudaica, ordinò al suo luogotenente Lisia di ristabilire l'ordine e porre fine alla ribellione (ibid. 3, 27-37).
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La sollevazione giudaica essendo divenuta minacciosa, A., impegnato nell'infelice impresa contro i Parti (I Mach. 3, 31), affidò a Lisia la guerra di Giudea. …
… Quando Antioco IV Epifane (v.) partì per la guerra contro i Parti (I Mach. 3, 31-33), lasciò L. ad Antiochia come reggente e tutore del figlio minorenne che fu poi Antioco V. Ebbe pure l'ordine di domare la ribellione dei Maccabei (v.). …
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… Sconfitti questi (I Mach. 3, 34-4,25), da Giuda Maccabeo, L. intraprese
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GORGIA. - Generale della corte di Antioco IV Epifane (I Mach. 3, 38). Nella terza campagna contro Giuda (166 a. C.), Tolomeo aveva l'alta direzione; G., con il generalissimo Nicanore, stava a capo dell'esercito: 40.000 fanti e 7000 cavalieri.
MACCABEI (GR. ΜΑΚΚΑΒΑΙ͂ΟΙ, VOLG. MACHABAEI)
… Giuda poi ritornò indietro per prepararsi ad affrontare Gorgia, il quale però rifiutò il combattimento e si ritirò nella Filistea (I Mach. 3, 38-4, 25; II Mach. 8, 8-29; 34-36). Lisia intervenne allora direttamente al comando di un grande esercito e, seguendo la costa, cercò, attraverso un paese amico, di portarsi sulle alture …
NICANORE. - Generale siro, figlio di Patroclo, elefantarco e poi comandante generale dell'esercito dei re seleucidi (I Mach. 3, 38; 7, 26-47; II Mach. 8; 14-15). Nel 165 a. C., insieme a Gorgia e a Tolomeo di Dorimene, ebbe da Antioco IV Epifane (175-163 a. C.) l'incarico di reprimere la rivolta dei Maccabei contro …
3:39
MACCABEI (GR. ΜΑΚΚΑΒΑΙ͂ΟΙ, VOLG. MACHABAEI)
Un esercito di 40.000 fanti e 7000 cavalieri, secondo I Mach. 3, 39 (soltanto 20.000 secondo II Mach. 8,9) al comando di Nicanore, al quale era stato aggiunto, come esperto militare, Gorgia, accampò a Emmaus ('Amwās) nella Šēphēlāh. …
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EMMAUS. - 1. Città celebre nella storia dei Maccabei (I Mach. 3, 40; 4, 3; 9, 50), capoluogo di toparchia nel 47 a. C. (Fl. Giuseppe, Bell. …
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II. LA S. NELLA BIBBIA. - Presso gli antichi Ebrei, come presso gli altri popoli, i prigionieri di guerra alimentavano in modo particolare il mercato degli schiavi (I Sam. 30, 3; Am. 1, 9; Ez. 27, 13; I Mach. 3, 41). Inoltre tutti i figli di uno schiavo erano considerati proprietà del padrone (Ex. 21, 4). Un israelita non poteva essere venduto schiavo agli stranieri; anzi non avrebbe dovuto mai …
3:44
… spesso nel Vecchio Testamento (Ps. 4, 4; 11, 2 ecc.; Prov. 2, 8; Mich. 7, 2, ecc.); nel sec. II a. C. designa gli aderenti di un forte gruppo costituito dai migliori del popolo giudaico, votati all'osservanza più rigida della legge mosaica (I Mach. 2, 42; 3, 44; 7, 13 sgg.) per cui soffrirono e lottarono anche con le armi. …
3:49
… Iudc., II, 15, 1). Quest'ultimo caso è regolato dalla legge di Num. 6, in cui si prescrivono le astinenze ricordate sopra (cf. anche Am. 2, 11-12) e si indicano i riti (sempre considerati manifestazione cultuale solenne: cf. I Mach. 3, 49) in occasione del compimento del tempo del voto (Am. 2, 13 segg.).
… Ez. 44, 30). Nessuna offerta è così attestata e raccomandata come questa delle p. (I Sam. 2, 29; II Par. 31, 5: Ezechia la rimette in onore; Neh. 10, 36: è ripresa dopo l'esilio; Ez. 44, 30; Mal. 3, 8; Tob. 1, 6; Prov. 3, 9; Ezel. 7, 34 [31]; 35, 10; I Mach. 3, 49). I rabbini posteriori, basandosi su Deut. 8, 8, determinarono l'offerta delle p. nei sette frutti comuni della Palestina: frumento, orzo, uva, fichi, melograno, olio e miele. …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.