Mathathias with his fiue sonnes, lamenteth the calamities of the people, 8. and prophanation of holie thinges, 15. resisteth the kings wicked decrees, 23. killeth an idolater, and the kings commissioner, so flyeth into the mountaines with others. 31. Manie are slaine not resisting in battel on the sabbath dayes. 40. Vpon further consideration the rest defend themselues in the sabbath; 45. kil their enimies, and destroy idolatrie. 49. Mathathias dying exhorteth his sonnes to be zelous in the law: 65. appoynting Simon their counseler, and Iudas their capitaine.
1In those days arose Mathathias, the son of John, the son of Simeon, a priest of the sons of Joarib, from Jerusalem, and he abode in the mountain of Modin:In quel tempo si levò su Mathathia figliuolo di Giovanni, figliuolo di Simeone, sacerdote della famiglia di Joarib, e da Gerusalemme andò a ritirarsi sul monte di Modin:IN those dayes arose Mathathias the sonne of Iohn, the sonne of Simeon, priest of the sonnes of Ioarib from Ierusalem, and he sate in the mountayne of Modin:In diebus illis surrexit Mathathias filius Joannis filii Simeonis, sacerdos ex filiis Joarib, ab Jerusalem, et consedit in monte Modin: 2And he had five sons: John, who was surnamed Gaddis:Egli aveva cinque figliuoli, Giovanni soprannominato Gaddis,and he had fiue sonnes, Iohn who was surnamed Gaddis:et habebat filios quinque, Joannem, qui cognominabatur Gaddis: 3And Simon, who was surnamed Thasi;E Simone soprannominato Thasi,and Simon, who was surnamed Thasi:et Simonem, qui cognominabatur Thasi: 4And Judas, who was called Machabeus;E Giuda soprannominato Maccabeo,and Iudas, who was called Machabeus:et Judam, qui vocabatur Machabæus: 5And Eleazar, who was surnamed Abaron; and Jonathan, who was surnamed Apphus.Ed Eleazaro soprannominato Abaron, e Jonathan soprannominato Apphus:and Eleazar, who was surnamed Abaron: and Ionathan, who was surnamed Apphus.et Eleazarum, qui cognominabatur Abaron: et Jonathan, qui cognominabatur Apphus: 6These saw the evils that were done in the people of Juda, and in Jerusalem.Questi stavan considerando lo strazio, che si fuoco del popol di Giuda e di Gerusalemme;These saw the euils, that were done in the people of Iuda, and in Ierusalem.hi viderunt mala, quæ fiebant in populo Juda, et in Jerusalem. 7And Mathathias said: Woe is me, wherefore was I born to see the ruin of my people, and the ruin of the holy city, and to dwell there, when it is given into the hands of the enemies?E Mathathia disse. Misero me! perché son io venuto al mondo per vedere lo scempio del popol mio e la distruzione della città santa, per istar ivi sedendo, mentr'ella è data in poter de' nemici?And Mathathias sayd: Wo is me, wherfore was I borne to see the affliction of my people, and the affliction of the holie citie, and to sitte there, when it is geuen in the handes of the enemies?Et dixit Mathathias: Væ mihi ! ut quid natus sum videre contritionem populi mei, et contritionem civitatis sanctæ, et sedere illic, cum datur in manibus inimicorum ? 8The holy places are come into the hands of strangers her temple is become as a man without honour.Le cose sante sono nelle mani degli stranieri, e il suo tempio è come un uomo disonorato.The holie places are come into the hand of strangers: the temple therof as an ignoble man.Sancta in manu extraneorum facta sunt: templum ejus sicut homo ignobilis.
9The vessels of her glory are carried away captive; her old men are murdered in the streets, and her young men are fallen by the sword of the enemies.I suoi vasi preziosi messi a saccomanno sono stati portati via, sono stati trucidati per le piazze i suoi anziani, e la sua gioventù è perita di spada per man de' nemici.The vessels of her glorie are caried away captiue: her old men are murdered in the streets, and her youngmen are fallen by the sword of the enemies.Vasa gloriæ ejus captiva abducta sunt: trucidati sunt senes ejus in plateis, et juvenes ejus ceciderunt in gladio inimicorum. 10What nation hath not inherited her kingdom, and gotten of her spoils?Qual'è la nazione, che non siasi appropriato il suo regno, e non abbia avuto parte alle spoglie di lei?What nation hath not inherited her kingdom, and hath not obteyned her spoiles?Quæ gens non hæreditavit regnum ejus et non obtinuit spolia ejus ? 11All her ornaments are taken away. She that was free is made a slave.Tutta la sua magnificenza le è stata tolta. Quella che era libera, è fatta schiava.Al her beautie is taken away. She that was free, is made a seruant.Omnis compositio ejus ablata est. Quæ erat libera, facta est ancilla. 12And behold our sanctuary, and our beauty, and our glory is laid waste, and the Gentiles have defiled them.E ormai la nostra santità, lo splendore nostro, la nostra gloria e smarrita, e tutto hanno profanato le genti.And loe our holies, and out beautie, and our glorie is desolate, and the Nations haue defiled them.Et ecce sancta nostra, et pulchritudo nostra, et claritas nostra desolata est, et coinquinaverunt ea gentes. 13To what end then should we live any longer?Perché adunque viviamo ancora?Whereto then is it for vs yet to liue?Quo ergo nobis adhuc vivere ? 14And Mathathias and his sons rent their garments, and they covered themselves with haircloth, and made great lamentation.E Mathathia co' suoi figliuoli si stracciavan le vesti, e si copersero di cilizio, e menavano gran duolo.And Mathathias rent his garments, & his sonnes: and they couered themselues with heareclothes, and lamented excedingly.Et scidit vestimenta sua Mathathias, et filii ejus: et operuerunt se ciliciis, et planxerunt valde. 15And they that were sent from king Antiochus, came thither, to compel them that were fled into the city of Modin, to sacrifice, and to burn incense, and to depart from the law of God.Quando sopraggiunser colà quelli che erano spediti dal re Antioco per costringere coloro, che si erano rifugiati nella città di Modin a far sacrifizj, e abbruciare incensi, e abbandonare la legge di Dio.And there came thither they that were sent from king Antiochus, to compel them, that were fled into the citie of Modin, to immolate, and to burne frankincense, and to depart from the law of God.Et venerunt illuc qui missi erant a rege Antiocho, ut cogerent eos, qui confugerant in civitatem Modin, immolare, et accendere thura, et a lege Dei discedere.
16And many of the people of Israel consented and came to them: but Mathathias and his sons stood firm.E molti del popolo di Israele acconsentirono, e si unirono con loro: ma Mathathia e i suoi figliuoli stetter costanti.And manie of the people of Israel consenting came to them: but Mathathias, and his sonnes stood constantly.Et multi de populo Israël consentientes accesserunt ad eos: sed Mathathias et filii ejus constanter steterunt. 17And they that were sent from Antiochus, answering, said to Mathathias: Thou art a ruler, and an honourable, and great man in this city, and adorned with sons, and brethren.E i messi di Antioco dissero a Mathathia: Tu sei il principale, il più illustre e il più grande di questa città, ed hai una corona di figliuoli e di fratelli:And they that were sent from Antiochus answering sayd to Mathathias: Thou art the prince, and most honorable, and great in this citie, and adorned with sonnes, and bretheren.Et respondentes qui missi erant ab Antiocho, dixerunt Mathathiæ: Princeps, et clarissimus et magnus es in hac civitate, et ornatus filiis et fratribus: 18Therefore, come thou first, and obey the king’s commandment, as all nations have done, and the men of Juda, and they that remain in Jerusalem: and thou, and thy sons shall be in the number of the king’s friends, and enriched with gold, and silver, and many presents.Vieni adunque tu il primo, e fa quello che il re comanda, con te han fatto tutte le genti e gli uomini di Giuda e quelli che son rimasi in Gerusalemme, e sarai tu e i tuoi figliuoli nel numero degli amici del re, e avrai in dovizia oro e argento, e doni grandi.Therfore come thou first, and doe the kings commandement, as al Nations haue done, and the men of Iuda, and they that are remayning in Ierusalem: & thou shalt be, and thy sonnes among the kings frends, & amplified with gold, and siluer, and manie giftes.ergo accede prior, et fac jussum regis, sicut fecerunt omnes gentes, et viri Juda, et qui remanserunt in Jerusalem: et eris tu, et filii tui, inter amicos regis, et amplificatus auro, et argento, et muneribus multis. 19Then Mathathias answered, and said with a loud voice: Although all nations obey king Antiochus, so as to depart every man from the service of the law of his fathers, and consent to his commandments:Rispose Mathathia, e disse ad alta voce: Quando anche tutte le genti obbediscono al re Antioco, e ogni uomo si ritiri dal servizio alla legge de' padri suoi, e si soggetti ai comandi di lui,And Mathathias answered, & sayd with a lowde voice: Although al Nations obey king Antiochus, that euerie man reuolt from the seruice of the law of his fathers, and consent to his commandements:Et respondit Mathathias, et dixit magna voce: Etsi omnes gentes regi Antiocho obediunt, ut discedat unusquisque a servitute legis patrum suorum, et consentiat mandatis ejus:
20I and my sons, and my brethren will obey the law of our fathers.Io e i miei figliuoli e i miei fratelli obbediremo alla legge de' padri nostri.I and my sonnes, and my bretheren wil obey the law of our fathers.ego et filii mei, et fratres mei, obediemus legi patrum nostrorum: 21God be merciful unto us: it is not profitable for us to forsake the law, and the justices of God:Guardici Dio! Non è cosa utile per noi l'abbandonare la legge e i comandamenti di Dio:God be merciful vnto vs: it is not profitable for vs to forsake the law, and the iustices of God:propitius sit nobis Deus: non est nobis utile relinquere legem, et justitias Dei: 22We will not hearken to the words of king Antiochus, neither will we sacrifice and transgress the commandments of our law, to go another way.Non ascolteremo le parole del re Antioco, e non farem sacrifizi violando i riti, della nostra legge per battere un'altra strada.we wil not heare the wordes of king Antiochus, neither wil we sacrifice, transgressing the commandments of our law, to go an other way.non audiemus verba regis Antiochi, nec sacrificabimus transgredientes legis nostræ mandata, ut eamus altera via. 23Now as he left off speaking these words, there came a certain Jew in the sight of all to sacrifice to the idols upon the altar in the city of Modin, according to the king’s commandment.Finito ch'egli ebbe di dir queste parole, si presentò a vista di tutti un certo Giudeo per far sacrifizio agl'idoli sull'altare, che era nella città di Modin, secondo l'editto del re:And as he ceased to speake these words, there came a certayne lewe in the eyes of al to sacrifice to the idols vpon the altar in the citie of Modin, according to the kings commandment.Et ut cessavit loqui verba hæc, accessit quidam Judæus in omnium oculis sacrificare idolis super aram in civitate Modin, secundum jussum regis: 24And Mathathias saw, and was grieved, and his reins trembled, and his wrath was kindled according to the judgment of the law, and running upon him he slew him upon the altar:Videlo Mathathia, e ne ebbe dolore, e le sue viscere si scommossero, e si accese di sdegno secondo il prescritto della legge, e assalito colui, lo trucidò sull'altare.And Mathathias saw, and was sorie, and his reynes trembled, and his furie was kindled according to the iudgement of the law, and flying vpon him he slew him vpon the altar:et vidit Mathathias, et doluit, et contremuerunt renes ejus, et accensus est furor ejus secundum judicium legis, et insiliens trucidavit eum super aram:
25Moreover the man whom king Antiochus had sent, who compelled them to sacrifice, he slew at the same time, and pulled down the altar,E oltre a ciò uccise nel tempo stesso quell'uomo mandato dal re Antioco, e il quale costringeva la gente a sacrificare, e atterrò l'altare,yea and the man, whom king Antiochus had sent, which compelled them to immolate, he slewe in that verie time, and destroyed the altar,sed et virum, quem rex Antiochus miserat, qui cogebat immolare, occidit in ipso tempore, et aram destruxit: 26And shewed zeal for the law, as Phinees did by Zamri, the son of Salomi.Ed ebbe zelo della legge imitando quello che fece Phinees a Zamri figliuolo di Salomi.and zeled the law, as did Phinees to Zamri the sonne of Salomi.et zelatus est legem, sicut fecit Phinees Zamri filio Salomi. 27And Mathathias cried out in the city with a loud voice, saying: Every one that hath zeal for the law, and maintaineth the testament, let him follow me.E andò Mathathia gridando ad alta voce per la città, e dicendo: Chiunque ha zelo per la legge, e serba inviolato il testamento, mi venga dietro.And Mathathias cried out with a lowde voice in the citie, saying: Euerie one that hath zele of the law, establishing his testament, let him comeforth after me.Et exclamavit Mathathias voce magna in civitate, dicens: Omnis qui zelum habet legis, statuens testamentum, exeat post me. 28So he and his sons fled into the mountains, and left all that they had in the city.E si fuggi egli co' suoi figliuoli alla montagna, abbandonando tutto quel che aveano nella città.And he fled himself, and his sonnes into the mountaynes, and left al thinges whatsoeuer they had in the citie.Et fugit ipse, et filii ejus in montes, et reliquerunt quæcumque habebant in civitate. 29Then many that sought after judgment, and justice, went down into the desert:Allora molti amatori della legge e della giustizia se v'andarono nel deserto:Then came downe manie seeking iudgement, and iustice, into the desert:Tunc descenderunt multi quærentes judicium, et justitiam, in desertum: 30And they abode there, they and their children, and their wives, and their cattle: because afflictions increased upon them.E ivi si stavano eglino e i loro figliuoli e le donne loro e i loro bestiami; perocchè si trovavano affogati dalle calamità.and they sate there them selues, and their children, and their wiues, and their cattel: because the euils ouerflowed vpon them.et sederunt ibi ipsi, et filii eorum, et mulieres eorum, et pecora eorum: quoniam inundaverunt super eos mala. 31And it was told to the king’s men, and to the army that was in Jerusalem, in the city of David, that certain men, who had broken the king’s commandment, were gone away into the secret places in the wilderness, and that many were gone after them.Or agli uomini del re, e alle milizie, che erano a Gerusalemme nella città di David, fu riferito, come certi uomini, che aveano insultato ai comandi del re, se n'erano andati pe' tragetti nel deserto, e che erano stati seguitati da molti altri.And it was reported to the kings men, and to the armie that was in Ierusalem in the citie of Dauid, that certayne men which dissipated the kings commandment, were departed into secrete places in the desert, and manie were gone after them.Et renuntiatum est viris regis, et exercitui qui erat in Jerusalem civitate David, quoniam discessissent viri quidam, qui dissipaverunt mandatum regis, in loca occulta in deserto, et abiissent post illos multi.
32And forthwith they went out towards them, and made war against them on the sabbath day.E tosto v'andarono in traccia, e si disposero ad assalirli in giorno di sabato,And forthwith they went forwards towards them, and set battel against them in the day of the Sabbaths,Et statim perrexerunt ad eos, et constituerunt adversus eos prælium in die sabbatorum, 33And they said to them: Do you still resist? come forth, and do according to the edict of king Antiochus, and you shall live.E disser loro: Resisterete voi anche adesso? Venite fuora, e fate quel che comanda il re Antioco, e sarete salvi.and they sayd to them: Doe you resist now also as yet? comeforth, and doe accordidg to the word of king Antiochus, and you shal liue.et dixerunt ad eos: Resistitis et nunc adhuc ? exite, et facite secundum verbum regis Antiochi, et vivetis. 34And they said: We will not come forth, neither will we obey the king’s edict, to profane the sabbath day.E quelli dissero: Noi non verremo, e non faremo i voleri del re, e non violeremo il giorno di sabato.And they sayd: We wil not come forth, neither wil we doe the kings word, to pollute the day of the Sabbaths.Et dixerunt: Non exibimus, neque faciemus verbum regis, ut polluamus diem sabbatorum. 35And they made haste to give them battle.E quelli andarono all'attacco.And they hastened battel against them.Et concitaverunt adversus eos prælium. 36But they answered them not, neither did they cast a stone at them, nor stopped up the secret places,Ed essi non rispondevan per niente, ne scagliaron contro i nemici una pietra, ne chiuser le bocche dei lor nascondigli;And they answered them not, neither did they cast a stone at them, nor stopped the secrete places,Et non responderunt eis, nec lapidem miserunt in eos, nec oppilaverunt loca occulta, 37Saying: Let us all die in our innocency: and heaven and earth shall be witnesses for us, that you put us to death wrongfully.Perocchè dissero: Muoiamo tutti nella nostra semplicità, e il cielo e la terra saranno per noi testimoni, come ingiustamente ci fate perire.saying: Let vs dye al in our simplicitie: and heauen and earth shal be witnesses, vpon vs that you vniustly destroy vs.dicentes: Moriamur omnes in simplicitate nostra: et testes erunt super nos cælum et terra, quod injuste perditis nos. 38So they gave them battle on the sabbath: and they were slain, with their wives, and their children, and their cattle, to the number of a thousand persons.E quelli gli assaltarono in giorno di sabato, e perirono tanto essi, che i loro figliuoli, e le donne loro e i bestiami, e furono sino a mille persone.And they gaue them battel on the Sabbaths: and there died they, & their wiues, & their children, and their cattel euen to a thousand soules of men.Et intulerunt illis bellum sabbatis: et mortui sunt ipsi, et uxores eorum, et filii eorum, et pecora eorum usque ad mille animas hominum.
39And Mathathias and his friends heard of it, and they mourned for them exceedingly.E riseppe ciò Mathathia e i suoi amici, e piansero quella gente a cald'occhi.And Mathathias vnderstood it and his freinds, and they had lamentation vpon them excedingly.Et cognovit Mathathias et amici ejus, et luctum habuerunt super eos valde. 40And every man said to his neighbour: If we shall all do as our brethren have done, and not fight against the heathens for our lives, and our justifications, they will now quickly root us out of the earth.E dicevano l'uno all'altro: Se faremo tutti noi, come han fatto i nostri fratelli, e non combatteremo contro le nazioni per difendere le nostre vite e la nostra legge, or'è il tempo che presto ci stermineranno dal mondo.And euerie man sayd to his neighbour: If we shal al doe as our bretheren haue done, and shal not fight against the heathen for our liues, and our iustifications: now wil they quickly destroy vs from the earth.Et dixit vir proximo suo: Si omnes fecerimus sicut fratres nostri fecerunt, et non pugnaverimus adversus gentes pro animabus nostris et justificationibus nostris, nunc citius disperdent nos a terra. 41And they determined in that day, saying: Whosoever shall come up against us to fight on the sabbath day, we will fight against him: and we will not all die, as our brethren that were slain in the secret places.E risolverono in quel giorno, e dissero: Chiunque siasi, che venga per combatterci in giorno di sabato, noi combatteremo contro di lui; e non morremo tutti, come sono morti i nostri fratelli nelle caverne.And they thought in that day, saying: Euerie man whosoeuer shal come vnto vs in battel on the day of the Sabbaths, let vs fight against him: and we wil not al dye, as our bretheren died in secrete places.Et cogitaverunt in die illa, dicentes: Omnis homo, quicumque venerit ad nos in bello die sabbatorum, pugnemus adversus eum: et non moriemur omnes, sicut mortui sunt fratres nostri in occultis. 42Then was assembled to them the congregation of the Assideans, the stoutest of Israel, every one that had a good will for the law.Allora andò ad unirsi con essi la congregazione degli Assidei, uomini i più valorosi d'Israele, e tutti zelo per la legge:Then was there gathered to them the synagoge of the Asside ans strong of force out of Israel, euerie voluntarie in the law:Tunc congregata est ad eos synagoga Assidæorum fortis viribus ex Israël, omnis voluntarius in lege: 43And all they that fled from the evils, joined themselves to them, and were a support to them.E tutti quelli, che astretti dalle calamità, si fuggivano, si incorporaron con essi, e accrebbero le loro forze.and al that fled from the euils, were added to them, & were made a strength to them.et omnes, qui fugiebant a malis, additi sunt ad eos, et facti sunt illis ad firmamentum.
44And they gathered an army, and slew the sinners in their wrath, and the wicked men in their indignation: and the rest fled to the nations for safety.E messo insieme un esercito, diedero addosso furiosamente ai peccatori e agl'inimici senza averne pietà: de' quali quei, che rimasero, fuggiron tra le nazioni per mettersi in salvo.And they gathered an armie, and stroke the sinners in their wrath, and the wicked men in their indignation: and the rest fled to the nations to escape.Et collegerunt exercitum, et percusserunt peccatores in ira sua, et viros iniquos in indignatione sua: et ceteri fugerunt ad nationes, ut evaderent. 45And Mathathias and his friends went round about, and they threw down the altars:E Mathathia andò attorno co' suoi amici, e atterrarono gli altari.And Mathathias went round about, and his freindes, and they destroyed the altars:Et circuivit Mathathias et amici ejus, et destruxerunt aras: 46And they circumcised all the children whom they found in the confines of Israel that were uncircumcised: and they did valiantly.E ai fanciulli incirconcisi, quanti ne trovarono per tutto il paese d'Israele, diedero coraggiosamente la circoncisione.and they circumcided the vncircumcised children, as manie as they found in the costs of Israel: and in strength.et circumciderunt pueros incircumcisos quotquot invenerunt in finibus Israël: et in fortitudine. 47And they pursued after the children of pride, and the work prospered in their hands:E perseguitarono i superbi, e riuscivano loro tutte le cose, che aveano per le mani,And they persecuted the children of pride, and the worke prospered in their handes:Et persecuti sunt filios superbiæ, et prosperatum est opus in manibus eorum: 48And they recovered the law out of the hands of the nations, and out of the hands of the kings: and they yielded not the horn to the sinner.E vendicarono la legge dalla possanza delle genti, e dalla possanza de' re, e non lasciarono alzar le corna al peccatore.and they obteyned the law out of the handes of the nations, and out of the handes of the kinges: & they gaue not the horne to the sinner.et obtinuerunt legem de manibus gentium, et de manibus regum, et non dederant cornu peccatori. 49Now the days drew near that Mathathias should die, and he said to his sons: Now hath pride and chastisement gotten strength, and the time of destruction, and the wrath of indignation:E appressandosi per Mathathia il giorno del morire, disse egli ai suoi figliuoli: Adesso domina la superbia; tempo di gastigo e di ruina e di sdegno e di furore egli è questa.And the dayes of Mathathias approched to dye, & he sayd to his sonnes: Now is pride strengthned, and chastisement, and the time of subuersion, & the wrath of indignation:Et appropinquaverunt dies Mathathiæ moriendi, et dixit filiis suis: Nunc confortata est superbia, et castigatio, et tempus eversionis, et ira indignationis.
50Now, therefore, O my sons, be ye zealous for the law, and give your lives for the covenant of your fathers.Adesso adunque, o figliuoli, siate zelatori della legge, ed esponete le vostre vite per lo testamento dei padri vostri;Now therfore ô my sonnes, be ye emulatours of the law, & geue your liues for the testament of your fathers.Nunc ergo, o filii, æmulatores estote legis, et date animas vestras pro testamento patrum vestrorum, 51And call to remembrance the works of the fathers, which they have done in their generations: and you shall receive great glory, and an everlasting name.E ricordatevi delle opere fatte a tempo loro dai padri vostri, e vi acquisterete una gloria grande e un nome eterno.And remember the workes of the fathers, which they haue done in their generations: & you shal receiue great glorie, and an eternal name.et mementote operum patrum, quæ fecerunt in generationibus suis: et accipietis gloriam magnam, et nomen æternum. 52Was not Abraham found faithful in temptation, and it was reputed to him unto justice?Abramo non fu egli trovato fedele nella tentazione, e fugli imputato a giustizia?Abraham was he not in tentation found faythful, and it was reputed to him vnto iustice?Abraham nonne in tentatione inventus est fidelis, et reputatum est ei ad justitiam ? 53Joseph, in the time of his distress, kept the commandment, and he was made lord of Egypt.Giuseppe nel tempo di sua afflizione osservò i comandamenti, e divenne signor dell'Egitto.Ioseph in the time of his distresse kept the commandment, and he was made lord of Aegypt.Joseph in tempore angustiæ suæ custodivit mandatum, et factus est dominus Ægypti. 54Phinees, our father, by being fervent in the zeal of God, received the covenant of an everlasting priesthood.Phinees padre nostra col suo gran zelo per l'onore di Dio riceve la promessa di un sacerdozio eterno.Phinees our father, feruent in the zele of God, receiued the testament of an euerlasting priesthood.Phinees pater noster, zelando zelum Dei, accepit testamentum sacerdotii æterni. 55Jesus, whilst he fulfilled the word, was made ruler in Israel.Giosuè per la sua obbedienza diventò condottiero d'Israele.Iesus whiles he accomplished the word, was made the duke in Israel.Jesus dum implevit verbum, factus est dux in Israël. 56Caleb, for bearing witness before the congregation, received an inheritance.Caleb per la testimonianza renduta nell'adunanza, ottenne l'eredità.Caleb whiles he testifieth in the church, receiued an inheritance.Caleb dum testificatur in ecclesia, accepit hæreditatem.
57David, by his mercy, obtained the throne of an everlasting kingdom.Davidde per la sua mansuetudine conseguì il trono reale in eterno.Dauid in his mercie obteyned the seate of the kingdom for euer.David in sua misericordia consecutus est sedem regni in sæcula. 58Elias, while he is full of zeal for the law, was taken up into heaven.Elia ardente di zelo per la legge fu ricevuto nel cielo.Elias whiles he zeleth the zele of the law, was receiued into heauen.Elias, dum zelat zelum legis, receptus est in cælum. 59Ananias and Azarias and Misael, by believing, were delivered out of the flame.Anania, Azaria e Misael per la loro fede furon liberati dalle fiamme.Ananias and Azarias and Misael beleuing, were deliuered out of the flame.Ananias et Azarias et Misaël credentes, liberati sunt de flamma. 60Daniel, in his innocency, was delivered out of the mouth of the lions.Daniele per la sua integrità fu liberato dalla gola de' lioni.Daniel in his simplicitie was deliuered out of the lions mouth.Daniel in sua simplicitate liberatus est de ore leonum. 61And thus consider, through all generations: that none that trust in him, fail in strength.E così andate rammentando di generazione in generazione: tutti quelli che in Dio confidano, non vengon meno.And so thinke ye through generation & generation: that al that hope in him, are not weakened.Et ita cogitate per generationem et generationem: quia omnes qui sperant in eum, non infirmantur. 62And fear not the words of a sinful man, for his glory is dung and worms:E non vi spaventino le parole di un uom peccatore, perocché la gloria di lui è sterco e vermini.And of the wordes of the sinful man be not afrayd: because his glorie is dung, & worme:Et a verbis viri peccatoris ne timueritis, quia gloria ejus stercus et vermis est: 63Today he is lifted up, and tomorrow he shall not be found, because he is returned into his earth and his thought is come to nothing.Oggi si leva in alto, e domani sparisce; perché egli ritorna nella sua polvere, e tutti i suoi disegni sen vanno in fumo.to day he is extolled, & to morow he shal not be found: because he is turned into his earth, & his cogitation is perished.hodie extollitur, et cras non invenietur: quia conversus est in terram suam, et cogitatio ejus periit. 64You, therefore, my sons, take courage, and behave manfully in the law: for by it you shall be glorious.Voi adunque, o figliuoli, siate costanti, e adoperate virilmente per la legge; conciossiachè da lei avrete gloria.You therfore my sonnes take courege, & doe manfully in the law: because in it you shal be glorious.Vos ergo filii, confortamini, et viriliter agite in lege: quia in ipsa gloriosi eritis.
65And behold, I know that your brother Simon is a man of counsel: give ear to him always, and he shall be a father to you.Ed ecco qui Simone vostro fratello; io so, che egli e uomo di consiglio; ascoltatelo sempre, ed ei vi terrà luogo di padre.And behold Simon your brother, I know that he is a man of counsel: heare ye him alwayes, & he shal be a father to you.Et ecce Simon frater vester, scio quod vir consilii est: ipsum audite semper, et ipse erit vobis pater. 66And Judas Machabeus, who is valiant and strong from his youth up, let him be the leader of your army, and he shall manage the war of the people.E Giuda Maccabeo valoroso e forte fin dalla sua giovinezza sia capo delle vostre milizie ed egli' condurrà il popolo nelle sue guerre.And Iudas Machabeus valiant of strength from his youth, let him be to you the prince of warfare, & he shal manage the battel of the people.Et Judas Machabæus, fortis viribus a juventute sua, sit vobis princeps militiæ, et ipse aget bellum populi. 67And you shall take to you all that observe the law: and revenge ye the wrong of your people.Riunite con voi tutti quelli, che osservan la legge, e fate le vendette del vostro popolo.And you shal bring to you al the doers of the law: and reuenge ye the reuenge of your people.Et adducetis ad vos omnes factores legis: et vindicate vindictam populi vestri. 68Render to the Gentiles their reward, and take heed to the precepts of the law.Rendete alle genti quel che han meritato, e stato intenti ai precetti della legge.Repay retribution to the Gentiles, and attend to the precept of the law.Retribuite retributionem gentibus, et intendite in præceptum legis. 69And he blessed them, and was joined to his fathers.Indi li benedisse, e andò a riunirsi coi padri suoi.And he blessed them, and was layd to his fathers.Et benedixit eos, et appositus est ad patres suos. 70And he died in the hundred and forty-sixth year: and he was buried by his sons in the sepulchres of his fathers, in Modin, and all Israel mourned for him with great mourning.Egli morì l'anno cento quarantasei, e fu sepolto da' suoi figliuoli nella sepoltura de' padri suoi in Modin, e tutto Israele lo pianse grandemente.And he died the hundreth and six and fourtith yeare and he was buried by his sonnes in the sepulchers of his fathers in Modin, and al Israel lamented him with great lamentation.Et defunctus est anno centesimo et quadragesimo sexto: et sepultus est a filiis suis in sepulchris patrum suorum in Modin, et planxerunt eum omnis Israël planctu magno.
2:1
Year of the World 3837.
Menochius
Joarib. This family was the most distinguished, as Josephus, who sprung from it, asserts, (Haydock) being the first of the twenty-four families of priests, 1 Paralipomenon 24:7, 19. (Menochius)
St. Jerome
Mathathias was probably a descendant of Phinees, (ver. 54.) and was officiating when the impious orders arrived. Whereupon he retired to Modin, (Calmet) near Diospolis. (St. Jerome)
Calmet
Many say he was chosen high priest; and therefore decided the question about fighting on the sabbath. But any other, in similar emergencies, might have given that decision. (Calmet)
Judas was chosen, (Josephus) and Jonathas exercised the functions. (Antiquities 20:8.)
St. Jerome
To verify the prediction of Jacob, some have concluded that the Machabees were allied to the tribe of Juda by the mother's side. (St. Jerome; St. Augustine, contra Faust. 1:72.)
Josephus
Yet this is not proved, nor requisite. They were called Asmoneans, either from the town of Asamon, (Josue 15:27.) or from Assamoneus, great grandfather of Mathathias. (Josephus, Antiquities 12:8.)
Calmet
This family ruled till Herod, 128 years. (Calmet)
Worthington
Here an account is given of their wars, and more fully in the eight last chapters of the second Book[2 Machabees]. (Worthington)
Selden
Perhaps John, Mathathias, etc., were chosen high priests by the people, while the king sent others. (Selden)
2:2
Calmet
Gaddis, "a troop, fortunate, or a heap of wheat." (Calmet)
2:3
Pagnin
Thasi, Syriac, "ardent," or feeble, (Calmet) or a destroyer. (Pagnin)
2:4
Haydock
Machabeus. The common etymology has been given [in the Introduction]. (Haydock)
Calmet
But Judas had then no banners, and there is no proof that the Jews used such abbreviations, (Calmet) though moderns write Rambam, for "R. Moses, son of Maimon," Moce-bie, (Haydock) "conquering in God," (equivalent to Nicator, the title of Sedeucus) seems better, particularly as the word is written Machabee. (Calmet)
Haydock
Yet this is liable to the objection of c being placed instead of k, which occurs invariably in the Chaldean and Syriac. (Haydock)
2:5
Abaron, "passing," undaunted, (Calmet) or "potent."
Calmet
Apphus, "the wrath or flying of counsel," (Pagnin) "fainting, abundant, or dissipating." (Calmet)
Worthington
This small help, of great importance, was foretold by Daniel, 11:34. (Worthington)
2:7
2:14
Menochius
Lamentation. By voluntary mortification, he sought to appease God's indignation. (Menochius)
2:18
They. Josephus mentions Apelles. Persecutors have thus frequently attempted to delude the faithful; first by flattery, and then by torments.
2:21
Profitable. But quite the reverse both for this world and for the next. It is a dreadful crime.
2:22
Haydock
Way. Greek, "to the right or to the left." (Haydock)
2:24
Calmet
Law. Deuteronomy 11:6., (Menochius) and 13:9. Those who attempted to introduce the worship of idols, were to be slain without farther trial. (Calmet)
Worthington
Mathathias was then judge and high priest. (Worthington)
Worthington
He acted not though private revenge. (St. Cyprian, exhort. 5.; St. Bernard, ep. 158.) (Worthington)
2:29
Menochius
And justice. The ceremonial and moral law, (Calmet) or to live piously. (Menochius)
2:34
Haydock
Sabbath. By sacrificing to idols, or by coming forth to fight. (Haydock)
Menochius
They were of opinion that the latter was unlawful, and their ignorance might be excused. (Menochius)
2:37
Calmet
Innocency. Literally, "simplicity," has often this sense. Their piety was not, however, enlightened, as the ceremonial law gives way on such occasions. (Calmet)
Worthington
Their simplicity is commended by St. Ambrose, Of. 1:40. Yet they had not the prudence of serpents, which is also requisite. The Church remains. (Worthington)
2:41
Calmet
Come up. They say not that they will attack. (Calmet)
Josephus
Pompey perceived this, and made his advances and works on the sabbath, without opposition. (Josephus, Jewish Wars 1:5.)
Josephus
Pompey I had thus taken Jerusalem. (Josephus, Antiquities 12:1.)
The Samaritans will not move on that day. (Exodus 16:29.; ep. 2. ad Scaliger)
Synes. ep. iv
The Jews now take care of the sick, but will not help a beast out of the ditch on the sabbath, though in our Saviour's time they did just the reverse, Luke 14:5. The law has thus been variously explained. The Machabees judged with prudence. Yet superstition had again gained ground, when Josephus (vita) would not fight or assemble his forces on the sabbath, as being contrary to the law. In a storm, a Jewish pilot abandoned the helm till the danger was evident. (Synes. ep. iv.)
2:42
Challoner
The Assideans. A set of men that led a religious life; and were zealous for the law and worship of God. (Challoner)
Cornelius a Lapide
They fought like the knights of Malta. (Cornelius a Lapide)
Calmet
Esidim (Haydock) means "the pious," Ecclesiasticus 44:10. Many think they were the same with the Cinites, Rechabites, and Essenes. From them sprung the Pharisees. (Calmet)
Calmet
The society was intent on adorning the temple, (Scaliger) by which they swore, Matthew 23:6. (Calmet)
Josephus
These Essenes followed piety, avoiding the hypocrisy and error of the Pharisees and Sadducees. (Worthington) (Josephus, Jewish Wars 2:12.)
2:44
Calmet
Sinners. Apostate Jews. (Calmet)
2:48
Horn. That is, they suffered not the power of Antiochus, that man of sin, to abolish the law and religion of God.
2:53
Lord, next to the king, Genesis 41:40.
2:54
Calmet
Everlasting, as long as the old law should subsist. (Calmet)
2:55
Challoner
Jesus; i.e., Josue. (Challoner)
Haydock
He and Caleb alone gave a true relation. (Haydock)
2:57
Calmet
Mercy. This virtue was characteristic. (Calmet)
2:66
Worthington
People. Order is peculiarly requisite in all things, so here the proper persons are chosen, to whom each must submit in their sphere. (Worthington)
Calmet
Mathathias speaks as chief of the nation. (Calmet)
Josephus
Judas was his eldest son, and Simon the fourth. (Josephus; Seder., etc.)
2:70
Year of the World 3838.
Calmet
Year. Not of his age, but of the Greeks, (Menochius) after being at the head about twelve months. (The year of the world 3838.) (Calmet)
2:42
The Assideans.... A set of men that led a religious life; and were zealous for the law and worship of God.
2:48
They yielded not the horn, etc.... That is, they suffered not the power of Antiochus, that man of sin, to abolish the law and religion of God.
2:55
Jesus.... That is, Josue.
2:1
The 2. part. The warres of the Machabees, begune by this Mathathias, and prosecuted by his sonnes, especially by Iudas as in the seuen chapters folovving and more largely in the second booke from 8. chapter to the end of the last.
K
2:11
This smal helpe of great importance, is that ayde wher of Daniel prophecied ch. 11. v •4.
2:24
Mathathias not of priuate spirite, but being general capitaine of the people, did this iustice according to the lavv, vvhere it is commanded to kil the auctors of false pretended religion. Deut. 13. S. Cyprian. Exhort, ad Martyrium. c. 5. S. Beruar. Epist. 158. ad Innocent.
2:26
Concordanza Num. 25.
2:37
These are commended by S. Ambrose li. 1. Offic. c. 40. and other fathers, dying in the simplicitie of doues, though they had not the prudence of serpents, which others obseruing are more commended, especially in respect of the whole Church so dangerously impugned, which God in dede wil euer defend, and conserue from vtter ruine: Yet he vseth also ordinarie meanes, by lawful vvarres and the like.
2:42
Assideans othervvise called Esseni not hypoch•y•ically as the Pharises, nor erroniously as the Sadduces, but sincerely professed a peculiar holie rule of life. Iosephus li. 2, c. •2. de bello Iudaico.
2:52
Concordanza Gen. 22.
2:53
2:55
Concordanza Iosue. 1. Num. 14. 2. Reg 2.
2:58
Concordanza 4. Reg 2. Dan. 3. Dan. 6.
2:65
In al affayres order is of singural importance that euerie office be designed to ••••est persons. As here Mathathias appointed Simon the chiefe for determining matters in counsel, & Iudas the first for execution, and that the rest should obey these two, and ech of these the other in his office.
2:7
sant'Ambrogio † 397 d.C. Selections from the Letters of St. Ambrose 40.33
33. And now, O Emperor, I beg you not to disdain to hear me who am in fear both for yourself and for myself, for it is the voice of a Saint which says: “Wherefore was I made to see the misery of my people?”
2:33
sant'Ippolito † 235 d.C. On Daniel 2.32
32. But they said, “We will not come forth: neither will we do the king’s commandment; we will die in our innocency: and he slew of them a thousand souls.”
2:35
sant'Ambrogio † 397 d.C. On the Duties of the Clergy 1.40
206. First, I will speak of the people of our fathers. They were ready to fight for the temple of God and for their rights, and when attacked on the Sabbath day by the craft of the enemy, willingly allowed wounds to be inflicted on their unprotected bodies, rather than to join in the fight, so that they might not defile the Sabbath.
2:41
Tertulliano † 220 d.C. An Answer to the Jews 4
… Nor is it doubtful that they “wrought servile work,” when, in obedience to God’s precept, they drave the preys of war. For in the times of the Maccabees, too, they did bravely in fighting on the sabbaths, and routed their foreign foes, and recalled the law of their fathers to the primitive style of life by fighting on the sabbaths.
2:52
san Tascio Cecilio Cipriano † 258 d.C. Three Books of Testimonies Against the Jews 3.16
… And in their time there shall be respect of them; they shall judge the nations, and shall rule over the people; and their Lord shall reign for ever.” Of this same thing in the Maccabees: “Was not Abraham found faithful in temptation, and it was accounted unto him for righteousness?”
2:58
san Cirillo di Gerusalemme † 386 d.C. The Catechetical Lectures of S. Cyril 14
… but Jesus ascended: remember what was said yesterday concerning Elias, that Elias was taken up in a chariot of fire ; but that the chariots of Christ are ten thousand-fold even thousands upon thousands : and that Elias was taken up, towards the east of Jordan; but that Christ ascended at the east of the brook Cedron: and that Elias went as into heaven
2:60
san Tascio Cecilio Cipriano † 258 d.C. Three Books of Testimonies Against the Jews 3.54
… “Seek not things higher than thyself, and look not into things stronger than thyself.” Also in Solomon: “Be not excessively righteous, and do not reason more than is required.” Also in Isaiah: “Woe unto them who are convicted in themselves.” Also in the Maccabees: “Daniel in his simplicity was delivered from the mouth of the lions.”
2:62
san Tascio Cecilio Cipriano † 258 d.C. The Epistles of Cyprian 54.3
… “And fear not the words of a sinful man, for his glory shall be dung and worms. To-day he is lifted up, and to-morrow he shall not be found, because he is turned into his earth, and his thought shall perish.”
san Tascio Cecilio Cipriano † 258 d.C. Three Books of Testimonies Against the Jews 3.5
… “It is just to be subjected to God, and that a mortal should not think things equal to God.” Also in the same place: “And fear not the words of a man that is a sinner, because his glory shall be filth and worms. Today he shall be lifted up, and to-morrow he shall not be found; because he is turned into his earth, and his thought has perished.”
2:69
sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. A Treatise on the Grace of Christ, and on Original Sin 2.35
… It was not of any temporal death that this fear was inflicted, since of righteous persons, when they died, it used rather to be said, “And he was gathered unto his people;” or, “He was gathered to his fathers:”
2:1
1. IN DIEBUS ILLIS SURREXIT MATHATHIAS, — sive per crasin « Mathias, » uti eum vocat Josephus et Theodoretus: quod nomen Hebraice significat donum Dei, ac proinde idem est, quod Græce Theodosius, Theodorus, vel inverse Dorothæus, ac Latine Adeodatus; magno enim dono hic vir a Deo datus fuit, dux Israeli ad resistendum Antiocho. Quæres: Quis et qualis fuit Mathathias? Respondeo fuisse ex tribu Levi sacerdotem primæ classis, puta ex stirpe Joarib, quæ inter familias sacerdotales prima ponitur, I Paral. cap. XXIV. 7. Porro Mathathias hic a Deo eum eligente, impellenteque et populo approbante, factus est Pontifex et Dux, vindexque populi contra communem hostem Antiochum; nam post reditum e captivitate jussu Cyri, Darii et Artaxerxis iidem fuere Pontifices et Duces populi, teste Josepho, lib XI, cap. IV. Idem liquet I Esdræ cap. VII. 25 et 26, et II Esdræ IX, 36. Esto enim Mathathias non esset oriundus ex stirpe proxima Pontificum, tamen illa deficiente, ad eum quasi primæ classis sacerdotem devolvebatur Pontificatus. Nam Onias tertius, cognomento Sanctus, jam erat interfectus anno 5 Antiochi, qui erat 145 Græcorum. Oniæ vero filius, scilicet Onias junior, profugerat in Ægyptum, ac Heliopoli factus erat Pontifex novi templi, quod ab eo dictum est Onion. Jason autem frater Oniæ, factus apostata, cæteros apostatare et ad Gentilismum transire cogebat. Quare ad Mathathiam spectabat capessere Pontificatum et Ducatum populi, ut religionem æque ac rempublicam in extremum periculum ab Antiocho adductam tueretur et propugnaret. Præsertim cum non esset alius, qui id auderet, sed omnes metu Antiochi vel laterent et tacerent, vel diffugerent. Ipsum ergo Deus excitavit, animosque illi addidit ad id audiendum, ut Dei fidem et cultum et patriæ salutem conservaret. Fecit hoc ipse anno Antiochi nono, qui fuit Græcorum 145. Quocirca Chaldæus, Cant. VI, 6, Josephus et Josippus, Aben-Ezra et Hebræi Mathathiam vocant summam Sacerdotem, sive Pontificem, idque tum ex designatione Dei, tum ex electione populi, tum ex jure successionis et propinquitatis, uti dixi. Ita Abulensis in cap. XX Exodi, quæst. XXV, Serarius, Sigonius, Severus Sulpitius, Torniellus, Genebrardus quos citat et sequitur Salianus. Hinc Mathathias Phinees Pontificem vocat patrem suum: ergo ex Pontifice prognatus, cæteris deficientibus, jus ei succedendi habebat. Paucis vero mensibus fuit Pontifex et dux, quia eodem anno mortuus, sibi successorem Pontificem et Ducem designavit filium suum Judam Machabæum.
2:2
2. ET HABEBAT FILIOS QUINQUE, JOANNEM, QUI COGNOMINABATUR GADDIS. — Gaddis, id est acervus, vel cumulus frugum, q. d. Abundius, vel Abundantius: quo nomine vocati sunt martyres duo sub Diocletiano, quorum sacra lipsana sub Gregorio XIII Pont. solemni pompa translata fuere ad domum professam Societatis Jesu Romæ. 3. ET SIMONEM QUI COGNOMINABATUR THASI, — id est hircus: תיש thais enim est hircus, vel exscisor, a radice תזז tazaz, id est exscindere. 4. ET JUDAM QUI VOCABATUR MACHABÆUS. — Etymon Machabæi in Proœmio dedi. Hoc cognomen primo datum fuit Judæ, et ab eo cæteri fratres et socii vocati sunt Machabæi, ut ex hoc loco liquet. Est prolepsis, sive anticipatio; Judæ enim hoc cognomen inditum est, non a puero, sed postea, cum ipse vexillis suis inscripsit nomen Machabi, ut dixi in Proœmio. Sic Antiochi postea a factis et victoriis cognominati sunt Soteres, Epiphanes, Ceraunii, Callinici, Nicanores; et Ptolemæi vocati sunt Eupatores, Philadelphi, Philometores, Evergetes, etc.
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5. ET ELEAZARUM QUI COGNOMINABATUR ABARON, — id est fortis: אביר abbir enim est potens, fortis. ET JONATHAM QUI COGNOMINABATUR APPHUS, — id est vir consilii, vel volens consilium; forte quod natura ardens et cholericus esset, ideoque celeris ingenii, velocisque consilii, quod in bellis utilissimum est. Ita Pagninus in nom. Hebr. 7. VÆ MIHI! — Planctus hic Mathathiæ de vastatione templi et Jerosolymæ processit ex zelo religionis, quo ardebat. Similis fuit zelus et planctus Jeremiæ ob exscisam Jerusalem in Threnis, et Jeremiæ XX. 8. TEMPLUM EJUS SICUT HOMO IGNOBILIS, — id est vilis, pauper, rusticus, imo stultus, fatuus et morio, quem omnes impune irrident, calcant, vellunt, verberant. Ita Sanchez. Sic enim satellites Antiochi Epiphanis ridebant, calcabant, spoliabant, vellebant templum, Sacerdotes, Levitas, cæterosque Judæos, quos cogebant quasi ebrios et stultos in honorem Bacchi hedera coronari, saltare et bacchari, lib. II. cap. VI. 10. QUÆ GENS NON HEREDITAVIT REGNUM EJUS. — Græcis enim Antiochi militibus permixti erant Chaldæi, Persæ, Medi, Assyrii, etc. ac Ammonitæ, Moabitæ, Philisthæi, Arabes, Idumæi, aliique Judæorum hostes, qui dum viderent eos ab Antiocho adeo divexari, accorrebant, ut eum adjuvarent, et Judæos spoliarent, maleque mulctarent. 13. QUO ERGO NOBIS ADHUC VIVERE? — vita enim in tot ærumnis longe potius est mors, quam vita, ut ait S. Gregorius. Et ut ait Tragœdus: « Mortis habet vices, cum lentis trahitur vita gemitibus. » Sic Anchises: Abnegat excisa vitam producere Troja, Æneid. Et alii post Trojam captam infelices exclamant, Æneid. I: « O terque quaterque beati, Queis ante ora patrum Trojæ sub mœnibus altis Contigit oppetere! O Danaum fortissime gentis Tydide, mene Iliacis occumbere campis Non potuisse! tuaque animam hanc effundere dextra? » 21. PROPITIUS SIT NOBIS DEUS, — q. d. Deus nobis hanc faciat gratiam, ut tantum malum, tantumque nefas et scelus apostasiæ et idololatriæ a nobis avertat. Unde Septuaginta vertunt: « Ne permittat nobis Deus. » Alii: « Prohibeat hoc Deus; » hac enim phrasi utuntur Hebræi, cum aliquid valde abominantur et exsecrantur.
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24. ET CONTREMUERUNT RENES EJUS. — Per renes synecdochice intellige cetera viscera; renes enim sunt sedes concupiscentiæ, cor animositatis et audaciæ, jecur amoris, fel iræ et furoris, q. d. viscera Mathathiæ commota sunt partim commiseratione et dolore legis violatæ, partim ardore et zelo eam propugnandi, partim ira et furore ejus violatores prosequendi et occidendi, uti re ipsa occidit Judæum idololatrantem, et Antiochi Legatum ad id cogentem. Unde sequitur: ET ACCENSUS EST FUROR SECUNDUM JUDICIUM (id est decretum) LEGIS, — quæ Deut. XI, 6, jubet occidi eum qui alios a patria religione, Deique cultu abducit, uti faciebat hic Judæus Jovi sacrificans, quem proinde Mathathias occidit. Huc enim eum agebat zelus honoris Dei: Et furiis agitatus amor, et conscia virtus. Moraliter disce hic quam efficax sit zelus, ut instar ignis omnia superet et consumat. Audi S. Ambrosium in Ps. CXVIII, Octon. 18, ad illa: « Tabescere me fecit (pro quo S. Ambrosius legit exquisivit) zelus meus. Zelum habere debet sacerdos, qui incorruptam servare studet Ecclesiæ castitatem. Et ideo Princeps sacerdotum dicit: Zelus domus tuæ devoravit me. Et Phinees sacerdos erat et nepos sacerdotis et filius sacerdotis. Bonus zelus et utilis in sacerdote, præcipue ne negligens, ne remissus sit. Melius est ut unius aut duorum damnatione plurimi liberentur, quam duorum absolutione plures periclitentur. » Et paulo post: « Zelus Dei vita est, zelum habuit Elias, et ideo raptus ad cœlum est. Zelans, ait, zelavi Dominum. Zelum habuit Mathathias filius Joannis, qui adversus sacrilegia Antiochi excitavit Dei plebem. Zelum qui habent, omnes sibi inimicos suos putant, qui sunt hostes Dei, quamvis patrem, fratres, sorores. Omnibus dicit: Inimici facti sunt mihi; sicut David ait. » Et nonnullis interjectis: « Zelus ergo charitas est. Denique valida est, sicut mors charitas, durus sicut inferi zelus. Durus zelus, quem vitæ hujus nulla vincit illecebra. Durus sicut inferi, per quem peccato morimur, ut vivamus Deo. Angeli quoque sine zelo nihil sunt, et substantiæ suæ amittunt prærogativam, nisi eam zeli ardore sustentent. » Unde post pauca concludit: « Et quid miremur, si Angeli eum habent? Ipse Deus pater ait: Zelans zelabo Jerusalem zelo magno; quia Deus magnus, ideo et zelus ejus magnus est, et pro uniuscujusque potentiæ qualitate, ita et zelus, aut mediocris, aut magnus est. Zelo vindicatur Jerusalem, zelo Ecclesia congregatur, zelo fides acquiritur, zelo pudicitia possidetur. Dominus quoque Jesus ait: Zelus domus tuæ comedit me; increpans Judæos, quod domum orationis fecerint speluncam latronum, fecerint et domum negotiationis. » 25. SED ET VIRUM, QUEM REX ANTIOCHUS MISERAT, QUI COGEBAT IMMOLARE, OCCIDIT. — Josephus, lib. XII, cap. VIII, virum hunc vocat Apellem. Idem tamen, lib. I De bello cap. 1, eum vocat Barchidem, additque filios Mathathiæ patrem in hac cæde adjuvisse; cæsos enim esse cum Apelle milites ipsius. Jure hoc fecit Mathathias instigante Deo, tanquam judex et vindex Israelis, æque ac religionis, Deique cultus, adeoque hoc facto Pontificatum et ducatum suum iniit et consecravit, æque ac Elias, ducem fidei se fecit occidendo sacerdotes Baal, III Reg. XVIII; et Moses cum Levitis occidendo adoratores vituli aurei, Exodi XXXII, quibus proinde ipse ait: « Consecrastis manus vestras hodie Domino, unusquisque in filio, et in fratre suo, ut detur vobis benedictio. » Ac Phinees occidens Principem Priapo sacrificantem, Num. XXV; vide ibi dicta. Sic de blasphemante censuit, aitque S. Chrysostomus: « Si quempiam Deum blasphemantem audieris, accede, increpa: et si verbera infligere oporteat, non recuses, ipsius faciem alapa percute, contere os ipsius, percussione manum tuam sanctifica. » Nimirum « zelus purgat facinus, » imo illud sanctificat et sacrificat, facitque quasi holocaustum, quod offert justitiæ et vindictæ divinæ in odorem suavitatis. Mira fuit Mathathiæ in hac cæde animositas, fortitudo, audacia, qua ipse pene solus regi potenti, superbo et crudeli sese opposuit, ac cæteros ad opponendum sese impulit, fortunas suas, familiam, liberos, famam et vitam generose pro Deo, pro fide, pro patria discrimini objiciens. Fuit ergo ipse Heros inclytus, ac quinque filios Heroes effecit, dum eos in aciem contra tyrannum eduxit: sed fides et spes in Deum eum animabat, et periculis omnibus superiorem efficiebat, ut quasi leo cum quinque suis leunculis hostes omnes contereret. 27. ET EXCLAMAVIT, etc.: OMNIS QUI ZELUM HABET LEGIS, STATUENS TESTAMENTUM, — satagens ut in suo vigore stet testamentum, id est, fœdus cum Deo initum, q. d. Qui salvam vult religionem et Rempublicam, « exeat post me, » me ducem sequatur. Classicum hic canit Mathathias, eoque omnes convocat ad bellum sacrum, ut in eo, vel fortiter vincant, vel generose pro Deo, fide et patria occumbant. Sic Romæ C. Marius Syllæ Rempublicam invadenti se opponens exclamavit: « Qui salvam vult Rempublicam me sequatur » (quæ verba etiamnum Romæ portæ Angelicæ, qua ipse egressus est superliminari lapideo uncialibus litteris insculpta legimus). Quo dicto in vicinum montem Marius exiens, copias collegit. Idem exclamavit Scipio post cladem apud Cannas acceptam; et Nasica ex Capitolio contra Gracchum, teste Livio, Paterculo et Valerio Maximo, lib. III, cap. 2; ac diu post, Narses sub Justino Imperatore Gallis se objiciens, teste Agathia, lib. II. Denique Servius in lib. VIII Æneid.: « Si esset, ait, tumultus, id est, ex periculi vicinitate timor multus, quia singulos milites interrogare non vacabat, qui erat ducturus exercitum ibi ad Capitolium, et inde proferens duo vexilla, unum roseum, quod pedites evocabat, et alterum cæruleum, quod erat equitum insigne, dicebat: Qui rempublicam salvam esse vult, me sequatur. »
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28. ET FUGIT IPSE ET FILII EJUS — ex Jerusalem, ubi quasi sacerdos degebat, ac Judæum in altari idolis sacrificantem ceciderat; « in montes inter feras vitam agentes, et fœni cibo vescentes, ne participes essent coinquinationis, » ut dicitur lib. II, cap. V, 27. Victitabant ergo herbis, lacte pecorum, cibo a vicinis submisso et prædis hostium. 29. TUNC DESCENDERUNT MULTI QUÆRENTES JUDICIUM ET JUSTITIAM, — hoc est, quærentes a Mathathia id quod æquum et justum erat, quid, scilicet, tali articulo urgentis persecutionis facere oporteret, nimirum pati exilium, famem, frigus, nuditatem, vulnera et acerba quæque, ipsamque mortem, potius quam tyranno cedere, et a Deo ejusque lege et cultu ad idola apostatare.
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37. MORIAMUR OMNES IN SIMPLICITATE NOSTRA, — in simplici observatione sabbati, ut eo die plenam observemus quietem a Deo præscriptam, adeo ut in eo non pugnemus, imo contra invadentes nos non defendamus, sed sinamus nos, quasi agnos simplices et innocentes occidi. Dixerunt hoc non ex superstitione, nec ex imprudentia, ut volunt Novantes, sed ex studio perfectæ religionis. Sabbati enim summa erat apud Judæos religio. Quare licet jure potuissent eo die pugnare et se defendere, tamen ex zelo religionis maluerunt se offerre morti, quam cultum et quietem sabbati per speciem et umbram duntaxat violare, quia hac ratione evadebant martyres: martyrium autem est actus nobilissimus, ideoque longe nobilior pugna et vita. Idem fecere Judæi invasi a Ptolemæo Lagi, et postea a Mithridate, uti narrat Josephus lib. XII, cap. 1, et lib. XVIII, cap. ult. quos a pietate et religione laudat S. Ambrosius, lib. I Offic. cap. XL. Sic Legio Thebæorum, duce S. Mauritio, potuisset resistere Maximiano Imperatori; sed noluit, ac projectis armis permisit se instar ovium occidi, quia legionarii fideles malebant esse martyres, quam milites. Sic Carthusiani ex voto abstinent carnibus, ut malint mori, quam vesci carnibus, etiam ubi medicus eas judicat necessarias ad sanitatem et vitam conservandam. Nam religio et observantia regularis potior est sanitate et vita.
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39. ET COGNOVIT MATHATHIAS. — Hic quasi Pontifex interpretatus est legem sabbati tali casu, quo scilicet quis invaditur ab hoste non obligare, dixitque satius esse pugnare pro Deo et lege, ne omnis Dei populus interficeretur: itaque Ecclesia et Dei cultus periret. Unde hoc ejus responsum cæteri secuti, statuerunt die sabbati invadentes se armis repellere, ut patet versu 41. 42. TUNC CONGREGATA EST AD EOS SYNAGOGA ASSIDÆORUM (male nonnulli legunt « Judæorum ») FORTIS VIRIBUS EX ISRAEL, OMNIS VOLUNTARIUS IN LEGE. Quæres quinam sint Assidæi. Respondent primo Hugo, Lyranus, Dionysius, Glossa ac S. Thomas in cap. XIV, Assidæos dictos ab assiduitate, quasi assiduos in Dei cultu. Verum Assidai est vox Hebræa; quare habet etymon Hebræum, non Latinum. Secundo, Serarius in cap. VII, Josephus, Stephanus hic in Proœmio p. 5, Genebrardus, Torniellus, Salianus et Delrio in Adagialibus, cap. X, XXX, censent Assidæos esse Essenos, aut Essenorum affines, et ejusdem cum Essenis instituti et professionis. Verum obstat primo, quod tunc necdum erant Esseni. Hi enim paulo ante Christum exorti sunt, uti docet Baronius. Secundo, quod Esseni non erant fortes viribus, quia abstinentia et jejuniis quotidianis vires enervabant. Tertio, quod Esseni soli Deo vacabant per orationem, lectionem et contemplationem. Unde: « Apud eos, ait Philo, lib. De Essenis, nemo tela, gladios, galeas, thoraces, scuta fabricat, nec machinas, nec aliud quidquam bello utile. » Assidæi autem his abundabant, utpote non choro, ut Esseni, sed bello addicti. Vide quæ de Essenis dixi Actor. IV, 2. Dico ergo Assidæos fuisse milites belli sacri, qui scilicet pro lege et Synagoga nomen dabant militiæ sacræ, quales postea fuere milites templi, ac nunc sunt Ordines militares equitum Melitensium, S. Joannis, S. Stephani, Teutonicorum et similium, qui pro Ecclesia Dei contra Turcas, Saracenos et hæreticos generose depugnant. Cum enim Antiochus satageret evertere Dei legem, templum et Synagogam, Deus excitavit Assidæos, qui se militiæ sacræ devoverent, ac pro templi legisque tutela pugnarent, seque omnibus belli periculis ultro offerrent. Id ita esse patet primo ex voce « Synagoga, » id est cœtus, collectio, congregatio militum pro Synagoga tuenda. Secundo, ex voce « fortis viribus. » Tertio, ex voce « voluntarius in lege, » qui scilicet voluntarie ex zelo legem defenderet et propugnaret. Quare Assidæi junxerunt se Judæ Machabæo, quasi duci belli sacri, ac ejus præcipui fuere milites, per quos tot tantasque obtinuit victorias. Id patet ex lib. II, XIV, 6: « Ipsi, inquit, qui dicuntur Assidæi Judæorum, quibus præest Judas Machabæus, bella nutriunt et seditiones movent, nec patiuntur regnum esse quietum. » Sunt hæc verba hostium, qui Assidæos quasi seditiosos accusabant apud Demetrium regem. Et ex cap. VII, 12, ubi Assidæi, quasi primi cum congregatione scribarum tractant de pace communi cum Bacchide et Alcimo ineunda. Unde liquet eos fuisse viros unos in Israel honoratos et primarios. Quæres secundo unde vocentur Assidæi. Respondeo Hebraice vocantur חסידים chasidim, quod aliqui derivant a חסידה chasida, id est ciconia, vel milvus, eo quod quasi milvi in hostes insilirent et prædas agerent. Alii chasidim interpretantur venatores a צוד tsud, id est venari, eo quod venarentur hostes Israelis, sicut venator venatur cervos et lepores. Melius Pagninus, Sanchez, Serarius et alii chasidim interpretantur pios, misericordes, religiosos, sanctos, a חסד chesed, id est pietas, misericordia, eo quod pium bellum gererent pro Israelitis. Audi nunc S. Chrysostomum in Ps. XLIII: « Quando grave bellum ingruebat, nec quidquam Machabæi possent facere quod prodesset, se abscondebant; nam hoc quoque fecerunt Apostoli. Non enim semper apparentes in media irruebant pericula; sed nonnunquam et fugientes et latentes secedebant. Postquam autem parum respirarunt, tanquam generosi quidam catuli ex antris exilientes, et e latebris emergentes, statuerunt non se amplius solos servare, sed etiam alios quotcumque possent, et civitates, et omnem regionem obeuntes collegerunt quotquot invenerunt adhuc sanos, et integros, et multos etiam qui laborabant et corrupti erant, in statum pristinum redegerunt, eis persuadentes redire ad leges patrias. »
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44. ET PERCUSSERUNT PECCATORES, — id est apostatas, qui a Judaismo ad Antiochum et Gentilismum transfugerant. Hoc enim summum erat peccatum, summaque iniquitas, quo tota religio, fides et virtus prodebatur et perdebatur. 46. ET IN FORTITUDINE; — repete: « Circumciderunt pueros incircumcisos, quotquot invenerunt in finibus Israel, » q. d. Per vim circumciderunt pueros, etiam invitis parentibus, eo quod parentes essent Israelitæ, itaque obligarentur circumcidere filios, ideoque a Mathathia quasi Duce et Pontifice ad idipsum cogi possent; sicut nunc Ecclesia cogit fideles, ut filios suos offerant ad Baptismum. Quod si qui inter eos erant filii infidelium, eos quoque quasi jam suos et jure belli captos, ac a parentibus separatos circumcidebant. Et quamvis Lyranus dicat solum id fecisse in filiis Judæorum, tamen Scriptura absolute loquitur; et quamvis Dominicus Soto in IV tract. De Baptismo dicat: Si Mathathias id fecit in filiis gentium, fecit quidem secundum scientiam; hoc tamen de insigni et sanctissimo viro non recte dictum videtur: melius ergo asseritur eos, cum jam essent jure belli in servitutem redacti, et a parentibus separati, jure circumcidi potuisse, sicut nos etiam nunc jure baptizamus filios Saracenorum in bello captos, ait Suarez, III part. tom. III, Quæst. LXVII, art. X, disp. XXV, sect. 4.
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48. OBTINUERUNT LEGEM DE MANU GENTIUM, — q. d. Dei legem et cultum ab Antiocho et gentibus ablatum per arma Israeli restituerunt feceruntque ut Dei lex et cultus pristinam suam dignitatem et venerationem obtineret. ET NON DEDERUNT CORNU PECCATORI, — q. d. Non permiserunt cornua, id est superbiam, robur, et vires Antiocho crescere; sed hæc illi, si non amputarunt, certe resecuerunt et valde imminuerunt, ut more solito grassari et sævire non posset, nec auderet. Disce hic cornua superbis, æque ac tauris cornupetis esse resecanda: qui enim illa superbo et feroci non demit, addit et auget; quare qui potest, debet ea demere, ne iis ferocientes multos feriant et prosternant. 49. CASTIGATIO, etc. ET IRA INDIGNATIONIS, — scilicet Dei, qua Deus iratus et indignans peccatis nostris, nos tam atrociter per Antiochum castigat, laxans ei habenas sæviendi et ferociendi contra nos. Sic Attila rex Hunnorum, vastans Galliam et Italiam, rogatus a S. Lupo Trecensi Episcopo, quis esset et quid vellet, respondit se esse flagellum Dei ad castigandum scelera fidelium: sic flagellum Dei fuit Tamerlanes, et nunc sunt Ottomanni. Sic Nabuchodonosor ostensus fuit Jeremiæ, cap. I, per speciem virgæ vigilantis.
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50. ET DATE ANIMAS (id est vitas) VESTRAS PRO TESTAMENTO, — id est fœdere, puta pro lege Dei: lex enim fuit conditio fœderis ab Abraham, Mose et populo cum Deo initi. 51. ET ACCIPIETIS GLORIAM MAGNAM, — non tantum in hoc mundo apud homines, hæc enim vana est, brevis et exilis, sed et in cœlo coram Deo, Angelis et sanctis immensam, cœlestem et æternam. 52. ABRAHAM NONNE IN TENTATIONE, qua Deus tentavit ejus fidem et obedientiam, jubendo ut sibi immolaret unigenitum suum Isaac, per quem ei promiserat copiosam posteritatem, imo Christum, INVENTUS EST FIDELIS, fideliter Deo offerens filium, certa fide sperans et credens quod Deus eum post immolationem a morte suscitaret: ET REPUTATUM EST EI AD JUSTITIAM, — q. d. Hic Abrahæ actus obedientiæ et oblationis Isaac, computatus et æstimatus est a Deo esse actus magnæ justitiæ, id est magnæ virtutis et sanctitatis; ac proinde Abraham, qui jam erat justus, per eum meruit magnum gratiæ et justitiæ augmentum, factusque est coram Deo multo justior et sanctior. Vide dicta Roman. cap. IV, vers. 3. et Gene XV, 6. 53. JOSEPH IN TEMPORE ANGUSTIÆ SUÆ (quam passus est in carcere) CUSTODIVIT MANDATUM quintum Decalogi: « Non mœchaberis, » quia sollicitanti heræ suæ noluit commisceri; ET (idcirco) FACTUS EST DOMINUS ÆGYPTI. — Præclare S. Cyprianus, tract. De mortalitate: « Adversa non sint tibi scandala, inquit, sed prælia; nec debilitent, aut frangant Christiani fidem, sed potius ostendant in colloctatione virtutem, cum contemnenda sit omnis injuria malorum præsentium, fiducia futurorum bonorum. Nisi præcesserit pugna, non potest esse victoria; cum fuerit in pugnæ congressione victoria, tunc datur vincentibus et corona. Gubernator in tempestate dignoscitur, in acie miles probatur. » Et inferius: « Nos adversa non avocant a virtutis et fidei veritate, sed corroborant in dolore. Quanta sublimitas inter ruinas generis humani stare erectum! » etc.
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54. PHINEES PATER NOSTER (Hinc patet Mathathiam et Machabæos prognatos esse ex tribu Levi et Phinees Pontificis, ideoque deficientibus cæteris ad eos Pontificatum jure successionis spectasse) ZELANDO ZELUM DEI, (occidendo Principem sacrificantem Beelphegor), ACCEPIT TESTAMENTUM, (id est Dei promissionem et pactum) SACERDOTII ÆTERNI, — quod scilicet Pontificatus in ejus posteris duraret usque ad finem Synagogæ et Judaismi, puta usque ad Christum. Vide dicta Num. XXV.
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55. JESUS (Josue successor Mosis), DUM IMPLEVIT VERBUM, (id est mandatum, quo Deus per Mosen jussit ei lustrare Chananæam, Num. XIV; debellare Amalec, Exod. XVII; post Mosen capessere curam populi, Josue 1), FACTUS EST DUX IN ISRAEL — Mosi in ducatu populi succedens.
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56. CALEB, DUM TESTIFICATUR IN ECCLESIA (contra socios exploratores, dicentes Chananæam ob incolas gigantes et urbes munitas esse inexpugnabilem, illam Dei ope posse expugnari, et reipsa ab Hebræis expugnandam, uti Deus promiserat), ACCEPIT HÆREDITATEM, — peculiarem in Hebron, Num. XIV et Josue XIV, 12. Vide elogia Josue et Caleb. Eccli. L.
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57. DAVID IN SUA MISERICORDIA, (id est per meritum suæ misericordiæ, qua tum in alios, tum in Saulem se persequentem fuit pius et misericors, nolens eum lædere, cum eum haberet in manu sua), CONSECUTUS EST SEDEM REGNI IN SÆCULA, — ut solium regale obtineret, et ad posteros transmitteret, tamdiu eis duraturum, quamdiu duraret regnum Israelis et Juda, scilicet usque ad captivitatem Babylonicam. Æternum enim hic non absolutam perpetuitatem, sed respectivam et limitatam significat, scilicet durationem perpetuam per totum statum, regnumque Judæ; ut quamdiu hoc duraret, tamdiu in eo duraret regnum Davidis.
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58. ELIAS, DUM ZELAT ZELUM LEGIS, (occidendo omnes prophetas et sacerdotes Baal, seque opponendo Achab, Jezabeli et Baalitis, III Reg. XVIII) RECEPTUS EST IN CŒLUM, — eo raptus curru igneo IV Regum II.
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59. ANANIAS, AZARIAS ET MISAEL CREDENTES in Deum verum, et pro hac fide se flammis offerentes, credentes Deum posse ipsos ab iis eripere, LIBERATI SUNT DE FLAMMA. — Daniel. III.
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60. DANIEL IN SUA SIMPLICITATE, id est integritate, candore, constantia adorandi solum Deum verum persistens, ejus merito, LIBERATUS EST DE ORE LEONUM. — Daniel. VI.
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62. ET A VERBIS VIRI PECCATORIS (a minis impii Antiochi) NE TIMUERITIS, QUIA GLORIA EJUS STERCUS ET VERMIS EST, — ut corrumpatur, computrescat et fœteat, dum paulo post per Dei vindictam omnis ejus gloria in ignominiam, omnis fama in infamiam vertitur, uti factum esse Antiocho liquet lib. II, cap. IX.
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64. VOS ERGO FILII, CONFORTAMINI ET VIRILITER AGITE IN LEGE (tuenda et propugnanda), QUIA IN IPSA GLORIOSI ERITIS, — tum pugnando et vincendo; tum pro ea gloriose occumbendo, uti pro ea omnes occubuerunt, nimirum Judas, Jonathas et Simon. Quid enim gloriosius, quam pugnare et mori pro lege, pro patria, pro Deo? Animat Mathathias filios ad acria certamina, quæ eis cum Antiocho imminebant, ideoque priscorum heroum exempla iis objicit, ut illa imitentur, et similem illis gloriam consequantur; nil enim ita in rebus arduis animat, ac majorum exempla. Unde Ovidius lib. IV Trist. Eleg. 3: « Materiamque tuis tristem virtutibus imple, Ardua per præceps gloria vadit iter. Hectora quis nosset, felix si Troja fuisset? Publica virtutis per mala facta via est. Ars tua, Typhi, jacet, si non sit in æquore fluctus; Si valeant homines, ars tua, Phœbe, jacet. Quæ latet, inque bonis cessat, non cognita rebus, Apparet virtus, arguiturque malis. Utere temporibus, quorum nunc munere freta es, Et patet in laudes area lata tuas. »
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65. ET ECCE SIMON FRATER VESTER, SCIO QUOD VIR CONSILII SIT, IPSUM AUDITE SEMPER, ET IPSE ERIT VOBIS PATER, — ut suis consiliis vos dirigat, sicut pater dirigit filios. Rursum ut domum et familiam meam gubernet quasi pater. Hinc Josippus, filius Gorion, et Annius Viterbiensis putant Simonem fuisse primogenitum Mathathiæ. Sed Josephus, Seder-Olam minor, et Hebræi tradunt Judam fuisse primogenitum; unde et illi patri in Ducatu et Pontificatu successit; secundogenitum fuisse Joannem; tertiogenitum fuisse Jonatham; quartum denique fuisse Simonem.
2:66
66. ET JUDAS MACHABÆUS FORTIS VIRIBUS A JUVENTUTE SUA SIT VOBIS PRINCEPS MILITIÆ. — Hinc patet Judam non tantum in senio patris, cum ipse vexillum paulo ante mortem contra Antiochum sustulit, sed et in juventute sua præclara in bellis edidisse facinora, Dei ope nixum, ideoque vexillis suis inscripsisse: Machabi, hoc est mi camocha baelim Jehova, id est: « Quis similis tui in fortibus (Diis), Domine? » indeque Machabæum fuisse cognominatum. Sic enim eum vocat hic pater moriturus, ideoque eum belli ducem statuit. Vide dicta in Proœmio.
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70. ET DEFUNCTUS EST ANNO 146. — Nimirum eodem anno, quo se Antiocho opposuit, et Ducatum cum Pontificatu iniit. Opinantur nonnulli eum ex vulnere in bello accepto obiisse, cum enim paulo ante occiderit Judæum, et præfectum Antiochi, omnesque Judæos circumeundo excitarit, collegeritque in castra contra Antiochum, pluraque similia gesserit, quæ magnam corporis, æque ac animi fortitudinem requirunt, non videtur tam cito ex senio viribus deficere et mori potuisse, sed ex præliis continuis accepisse vulnus, indeque mortuus, vel certe ex laboribus assiduis, et fatigatione nimia exhaustus obiisse. Mathathiam fuisse sacerdotem omnes consentiunt, an Pontificem fuisse negant Josephus, Eusebius et Sigonius; verum Pontificem eum fuisse asserunt Hebræi et Chaldæi Cantic. VI, 6, multisque id probat Serarius. Sane in Pontificatu, æque ac Ducatu patri successit Judas, deinde Jonathas, denique Simon, indeque Simonis filii usque ad Herodem et Christum. Porro Mathathias inclytus heros defunctus est anno 146 Græcorum, qui fuit 158 a morte Alexandri Magni, et 164 ante nativitatem Christi. ET SEPULTUS EST IN SEPULCRIS PATRUM SUORUM IN MODIN. — Sepulcrum hoc postea magnifice exornavit Simon ejus filius, ut patet cap. XIII, 27; ac fatetur S. Hieronymus illud sua ætate adhuc exstitisse. PLANCTU MAGNO. — « Planctus magnus, non in exanimatione plangentium, sed in pompa funeris et exsequiarum frequentia intelligendus est, » ait S. Hieronymus, epist. 25 ad Paulam.
2:1
MACCABEI (GR. ΜΑΚΚΑΒΑΙ͂ΟΙ, VOLG. MACHABAEI)
… straniero, egli uccise un ebreo apostata che stava per sacrificare, poi l'inviato regio, distrusse l'altare e, chiamati a raccolta i fedeli, si diede con i figli alla montagna, iniziando la guerriglia contro gli ebrei rinnegati e contro le truppe siriane (I Mach. 2, 1-48). Morendo, dopo un anno dalla riscossa (166-165 a. C.), affidò ai figli l'incarico di proseguire l'impresa, dando al terzogenito, Giuda, la direzione della guerra, e a Simone l'ufficio …
MATTATIA (EBR. MATTIÑĀH [Ä] « DONO DI JAHWEH »; SETTANTA MATTAÑĀH; VOLG. MATHATHIAS)
… Le brevi notizie biografiche su M. sono raccolte in I Mach. 2, 1-70.
MODIN (SETTANTA ΜΟΔΕΙ͂Ν E ΜΩΔΕΙ͂Ν)
MODIN (Settanta μοδεῖν e μωδεῖν). - Città della Giudea, patria dei Maccabei (I Mach. 2, 1.15. 23) dove ebbero sepoltura Mathathia e i suoi due figli Giuda e Ionathan (I Mach. 2, 70; 9, 19; 13, 25. 30). Il Talmud la pone a 15 miglia da Gerusalemme e l'Onomasticon presso Diospoli …
SIMEONE (EBR. ŠIM'ÔN, GRECO ΣΥΜΖΌΝ)
Il nome di S. fu portato anche da un cittadino di Gerusalemme del tempo di Esdra (Estd. 10, 31) e da un sacerdote, antenato dei Maccabei (I Mach. 2, 1). Giovanni Rinaldi
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IONATHAN (EBR. JĒHŌNĀTHĀN E JŌNĀTHĀN; VOLGATA I. E IONATHAS)
18. Il più giovane dei fratelli Maccabei, detto Apphus (I Mach. 2, 5); prese il comando dopo la morte di Giuda (161-143 a. C.). Continuò la guerriglia contro Bacchide, ottenendo infine un patto di pace. …
2:19
… Le levatrici egiziane (Ex. 1, 15 sgg.), il profeta Elia (III Reg., 17 sgg.), Tobia (2, 9); i Maccabei (I Mach. 1, 65-67; 2, 19-26; II Mach. 6, 23-26) si trovarono di fronte a l. ingiuste e rifiutarono di osservarle. …
2:26
… Il suo zelo fu glorificato di età in età (Ps. 105 [106], 30 sg.; Eccl. 45, 23-25). Mathathia, il padre dei Maccabei, fu ispirato da tale esempio per intraprendere la guerra contro Antioco Epifane (1 Mach. 2, 26-54). Nella lotta contro i Madianiti, Mosè mandò mille uomini per tribù e con loro P., « che prese seco gli arredi sacri e le trombe squillanti » (Num. 31, 6). Fu invitato con dieci …
ZAMRI (EBR. ZIMRI; SETTANTA ZÁPAŘÁ)
1. Membro della tribù di Simeone, figlio di Salu, il quale fu ucciso da Phinees perché sorpreso in tresca con una donna madianita (Num. 25, 14, Volgata Zambri; I Mach. 2, 26.54).
2:29
… Appartenevano forse a quei fedeli, di cui mille furono massacrati per essersi rifiutati di combattere in giorno di sabato (I Mach. 2, 29-38). Pronti all'appello di riscossa di Mattatia, presero parte alle guerre maccabaiche contro Antioco IV Epifane (v.) e successori (ibid. 2, 42). Di fede profonda ma ingenua, caddero …
2:32
… P. es., al tempo dei Maccabei, c'era chi riteneva illecito ogni atto di difesa (I Mach. 2, 32-41; cf. II Mach. 8, 26); ma tale caso di coscienza viene risolto da Mattatia, che dichiara lecita la difesa, ma non un'azione offensiva. …
2:42
… 'Aou82[6]os) ricorre spesso nel Vecchio Testamento (Ps. 4, 4; 11, 2 ecc.; Prov. 2, 8; Mich. 7, 2, ecc.); nel sec. II a. C. designa gli aderenti di un forte gruppo costituito dai migliori del popolo giudaico, votati all'osservanza più rigida della legge mosaica (I Mach. 2, 42; 3, 44; 7, 13 sgg.) per cui soffrirono e lottarono anche con le armi. …
… Come tale invece appaiono ai primi tempi dei Maccabei gli asidei (si ἀσίδαξαι), cioè « pii » (ebr. ḥāšẓẓm, i quali in realtà sono sostanzialmente uguali ai posteriori f. Essi costituirono la forza principale su cui i Maccabei poterono contare per la liberazione del popolo dal dominio straniero (cf. I Mach. 2, 42; 7, 12; II Mach. 14, 6). Ma ben presto gli Asmonei, discendenti dai Maccabei, si trovarono in opposizione con i f. continuatori degli asidei. …
… gli Ebrei circondavano tale luogo (Tacito, Historiae, V, 9). Molto più problematico è il ravvicinamento dei « giusti », di cui si parla spesso (2, 36; 3, 8; 4, 1.6.8. ecc.), con l'antico gruppo degli Asidei (v.) del tempo delle lotte maccabaiche (cf. I Mach. 2, 42).
2:49
MACCABEI (GR. ΜΑΚΚΑΒΑΙ͂ΟΙ, VOLG. MACHABAEI)
… Mattatia fu sepolto a Modin (ibid. 2, 49-70; 3, 1-9).
2:50
ZELOTI (SICARI). - Termine greco (ζηλωτής «zelante»), che in origine aveva solo un significato morale, in quanto contraddistingueva i fedeli osservanti della Legge: programma che Mattatia morente lascia ai suoi figli e seguaci (I Mach. 2,50).
2:58
La fine di E. è narrata come apparve agli occhi di Eliseo (cf. I Mach. 2, 58): E. sparve in mezzo ad un turbine. …
2:59
ANANIA (GR. 'AVAVIXÇ, DALL'EBR. HĀNANJĀH 'JAHWEH HA USATO MISERICORDIA')
… Nabucodonosor, ammirando il prodigio, li confermò nel governo della provincia di Babilonia (Dau. 1, 6-20; 3, 1-97). Mattatia, morendo, ne ricorderà l'eroica osservanza della legge divina (I Mach. 2, 59).
2:70
MODIN (SETTANTA ΜΟΔΕΙ͂Ν E ΜΩΔΕΙ͂Ν)
MODIN (Settanta μοδεῖν e μωδεῖν). - Città della Giudea, patria dei Maccabei (I Mach. 2, 1.15. 23) dove ebbero sepoltura Mathathia e i suoi due figli Giuda e Ionathan (I Mach. 2, 70; 9, 19; 13, 25. 30). Il Talmud la pone a 15 miglia da Gerusalemme e l'Onomasticon presso Diospoli (Lidda), dove si vedevano le tombe.
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.