King Alexander conquering manie countries, erecteth a new Monarchie. 6. who dying, his chief folowers succeede in seueral kingdomes of the same Monarchie. 11. King Antiochus approueth that a prophane schole be setup in Ierusalem, 17. subdueth Aegypt; 21. inuadeth Iudea; entreth by force into Ierusalem; spoyleth the temple, 25. and killeth manie. 30. Two yeares after sendeth an other spoyler; who killing manie, robbeth and burneth lerusalem: 35. fortisieth the towre of Dauid; 38. prophaneth al holie thinges: 4•. commandeth al to committe idolatrie; 47. and to forsake the rites of Gods law, 52. vpon paine of death. 57. He setteth vp an abominable idol in the Temple, 60. persecuteth, and murdereth those that conforme not themselues to these innouations.
1Now it came to pass, after that Alexander the son of Philip the Macedonian, who first reigned in Greece, coming out of the land of Cethim, had overthrown Darius, king of the Persians and Medes:Or egli avvenne, che Alessandro figliuolo di Filippo, re de' Macedoni a il quale regnò il primo nella Grecia, essendo uscito dal paese di Cethim, sconfisse Dario re de' Persiani e de' Medi:AND it came to passe, after that Alexander Philips sonne the Macedonian, that first reigned in Greece, being gone out of the land of Cethim, stroke Darius king of the Persians and the Medes:Et factum est, postquam percussit Alexander Philippi Macedo, qui primus regnavit in Græcia, egressus de terra Cethim, Darium regem Persarum et Medorum: 2He fought many battles, and took the strong holds of all, and slew the kings of the earth:Vinse molte battaglie, ed espugnò dappertutto le città forti, e uccise i re della terra.he made manie battels, and obteyned the munition of al, and slewe the kinges of the earth:constituit prælia multa, et obtinuit omnium munitiones, et interfecit reges terræ, 3And he went through even to the ends of the earth: and took the spoils of many nations: and the earth was quiet before him.E si avanzò sino agli ultimi confini del mondo, e si arricchì colle spoglie di molte nazioni, e la terra si tacque dinanzi a lui.and he passed through euen to the ends of the earth: and tooke the spoiles of the multitude of the Gentils: and the earth was silent in his sight.et pertransiit usque ad fines terræ: et accepit spolia multitudinis gentium, et siluit terra in conspectu ejus. 4And he gathered a power, and a very strong army: and his heart was exalted and lifted up:E mise insieme un esercito poderoso e di straordinario valore, e il cuore di lui si innalzò, e si inalberò.And he gathered powre, and an armie exceding strong: and his hart was exalted and eleuated:Et congregavit virtutem, et exercitum fortem nimis: et exaltatum est, et elevatum cor ejus: 5And he subdued countries of nations, and princes; and they became tributaries to him.E si rendè padrone delle provincie delle nazioni e dei tiranni, i quali divennero suoi tributarii.and he obtayned the regions of the Gentils, and the tyrantes: and they were made tributaries to him.et obtinuit regiones gentium, et tyrannos: et facti sunt illi in tributum. 6And after these things, he fell down upon his bed, and knew that he should die.E quindi si allettò, e si conobbe mortale.And after these thinges, he fel downe in his bed, and he knew that he should dye.Et post hæc decidit in lectum, et cognovit quia moreretur.
7And he called his servants, the nobles that were brought up with him from his youth: and he divided his kingdom among them, while he was yet alive.E chiamò i suoi servi i nobili, i quali erano stati educati con lui dalla prima età, e divise loro il suo regno, mentre era tuttora vivo.And he called his seruants the Nobles, that were brought vp with him from his youth: & he diuided his kingdom to them, when he yet liued.Et vocavit pueros suos nobiles, qui secum erant nutriti a juventute: et divisit illis regnum suum, cum adhuc viveret. 8And Alexander reigned twelve years, and he died.Regnò Alessandro dodici anni, e morì.And Alexander reigned twelue yeares, and he died.Et regnavit Alexander annis duodecim, et mortuus est. 9And his servants made themselves kings, every one in his place:E i suoi servi occuparono il regno, ciascheduno nella sua provincia:And his seruants possessed the kingdom, euerie one in his place:Et obtinuerunt pueri ejus regnum, unusquisque in loco suo: 10And they all put crowns upon themselves after his death, and their sons after them, many years; and evils were multiplied in the earth.E si cinser tutti il diadema quand'ei fu morto, e dopo di essi i loro figliuoli per molti anni: e le miserie si moltiplicarono sopra la terra.and they did al put crownes on them after his death, & their sonnes after them manie yeares, & euils were multiplied in the earth.et imposuerunt omnes sibi diademata post mortem ejus, et filii eorum post eos annis multis, et multiplicata sunt mala in terra. 11And there came out of them a wicked root, Antiochus the Illustrious, the son of king Antiochus, who had been a hostage at Rome: and he reigned in the hundred and thirty-seventh year of the kingdom of the Greeks.Di là usci quella infetta radice, Antioco Epiphane, figliuolo del re Antioco: egli era stato in ostaggio a Roma, e pervenne al regno l'anno cento trentasette del regno dei Greci.And there came forth of them a sinful roote Antiochus Illustre, the sonne of king Antiochus, that had bene at Rome an hostage: and he reigned in the hundreth and seuen and thirteth yeare of the kingdom of the Greekes.Et exiit ex eis radix peccatrix, Antiochus illustris, filius Antiochi regis, qui fuerat Romæ obses: et regnavit in anno centesimo trigesimo septimo regni Græcorum. 12In those days there went out of Israel wicked men, and they persuaded many, saying: Let us go and make a covenant with the heathens that are round about us: for since we departed from them, many evils have befallen us.In quel tempo venner fuori degl'iniqui figliuoli di Israele, i quali miser su molti altri dicendo loro: Andiamo, e facciam lega colle nazioni circonvicine; perocché dopo che noi ci siamo apportati da esse, non abbiamo veduto se non disastri.In those dayes there went forth of Israel wicked children, & perswaded manie, saying: Let vs goe, and make a couenant with the Gentils, that are about vs: because since we departed from them, manie euils haue found vs.In diebus illis, exierunt ex Israël filii iniqui, et suaserunt multis, dicentes: Eamus, et disponamus testamentum cum gentibus, quæ circa nos sunt: quia ex quo recessimus ab eis, invenerunt nos multa mala.
13And the word seemed good in their eyes.E quegli approvarono questo discorso.And the talke semed good in their eyes.Et bonus visus est sermo in oculis eorum. 14And some of the people determined to do this, and went to the king: and he gave them license to do after the ordinances of the heathens.E alcuni del popolo risolutamente andarono al re; ed egli diede loro facoltà di vivere secondo i costumi delle genti.And some of the people determined, and went to the king: and he gaue them leaue to doe the iustice of the Gentils.Et destinaverunt aliqui de populo, et abierunt ad regem: et dedit illis potestatem ut facerent justitiam gentium. 15And they built a place of exercise in Jerusalem, according to the laws of the nations:Ed eglino edificarono un ginnasio in Gerusalemme secondo l'uso delle nazioni:And they built a schoole in Ierusalem, according to the lawes of the Nations:Et ædificaverunt gymnasium in Jerosolymis secundum leges nationum: 16And they made themselves prepuces, and departed from the holy covenant, and joined themselves to the heathens, and were sold to do evil:E abolirono il segno della circoncisione: e abbandonarono il Testamento santo, e si unirono colle nazioni, e si venderono per mal fare.and they made to them selues prepuces, and reuolted from the holie testament, and were ioyned to the Nations, and were solde to doe euil.et fecerunt sibi præputia, et recesserunt a testamento sancto, et juncti sunt nationibus, et venundati sunt ut facerent malum. 17And the kingdom was established before Antiochus, and he had a mind to reign over the land of Egypt, that he might reign over two kingdoms.E Antioco stabilitosi nel suo regno intraprese di farsi re anche dell'Egitto, e di avere il dominio di due regni.And the kingdom was prepared in the sight of Antiochus, & he begane to reigne in the land of Egypt, that he might reigne ouer two kingdoms.Et paratum est regnum in conspectu Antiochi, et cœpit regnare in terra Ægypti ut regnaret super duo regna. 18And he entered into Egypt with a great multitude, with chariots, and elephants, and horsemen, and a great number of ships:Ed entrò nell'Egitto con numeroso esercito, con cocchi ed elefanti e cavalieri e con gran numero di navi:And he entered into Aegypt with great multitude, with chariots and elephants, and horsemen, and a copious multitude of shippes:Et intravit in Ægyptum in multitudine gravi, in curribus, et elephantis, et equitibus, et copiosa navium multitudine:
19And he made war against Ptolemee king of Egypt; but Ptolemee was afraid at his presence and fled, and many were wounded unto death.E diede battaglia a Tolomeo re d'Egitto; e Tolomeo temè l'incontro, e si fuggi, e molti furon feriti e uccisi.And he made warre agaynst Ptolomee the king of Egypt, and Ptolomee was afrayd at his presence, and fled, and manie fel wounded.et constituit bellum adversus Ptolemæum regem Ægypti, et veritus est Ptolemæus a facie ejus, et fugit, et ceciderunt vulnerati multi. 20And he took the strong cities in the land of Egypt: and he took the spoils of the land of Egypt.E quegli espugnò le città forti dell'Egitto, e saccheggio tutta il paese.And he tooke the fensed cities in the land of Aegypt: and he tooke the spoiles of the land of Aegypt.Et comprehendit civitates munitas in terra Ægypti, et accepit spolia terræ Ægypti. 21And after Antiochus had ravaged Egypt, in the hundred and forty-third year, he returned and went up against Israel.E dopo di aver desolato l'Egitto, Antioco tornò indietro l'anno cento quarantatrè, e s'incamminò contro Israele,And Antiochus turned, after he strooke Aegypt in the hundreth and three and fourtith yeare: and he went vp to Israel,Et convertit Antiochus, postquam percussit Ægyptum in centesimo et quadragesimo tertio anno: et ascendit ad Israël, 22And he went up to Jerusalem, with a great multitude.E arrivò a Gerusalemme con grosso esercito.and went vp to Ierusalem with a great multitude.et ascendit Jerosolymam in multitudine gravi. 23And he proudly entered into the sanctuary, and took away the golden altar, and the candlestick of light, and all the vessels thereof, and the table of proposition, and the pouring vessels, and the vials, and the little mortars of gold, and the veil, and the crowns, and the golden ornament that was before the temple: and he broke them all in pieces.Ed entrò arrogantemente nel luogo santo, e si prese l'altare d'oro e il candelabro colle lampane e tutti i vasi e la mensa di proposizione e i vasi delle libagioni e le coppe e i turiboli d'oro e il velo e le corone e l'ornato di oro, che stava sulla facciata del tempio, e fece tutto in pezzi.And he entered into the sanctification with pride, & tooke the golden altar, and the candlesticke of light, and al the vessels therof, and the table of proposition, and the libatories, and the phials, and the litle morrers of gold, and the vele, and the crownes, and the golden ornament, that was in the face of the temple: and he brake al into peeces.Et intravit in sanctificationem cum superbia, et accepit altare aureum, et candelabrum luminis, et universa vasa ejus, et mensam propositionis, et libatoria, et phialas, et mortariola aurea, et velum, et coronas, et ornamentum aureum, quod in facie templi erat: et comminuit omnia.
24And he took the silver and gold, and the precious vessels: and he took the hidden treasures, which he found: and when he had taken all away, he departed into his own country.E prese l'argento e l'oro e i vasi preziosi, e portò via i tesori nascosti, che ritrovò, e dato il sacco ad ogni cosa, se n'andò al suo paese;And he tooke the siluer and gold, and the desiderable vessels: and he tooke the hidden treasures which he found: and carying away he departed into his owne land.Et accepit argentum, et aurum, et vasa concupiscibilia: et accepit thesauros occultos, quos invenit: et sublatis omnibus, abiit in terram suam. 25And he made a great slaughter of men, and spoke very proudly.Avendo trucidala molta gente, e avendo parlato con gran superbia.And he made a slaughter of men,Et fecit cædem hominum, et locutus est in superbia magna. 26And there was great mourning in Israel, and in every place where they were:E grande fu il tutto in Israele e in tutto il paese.and spake in great pride. And great lamentation was made in Israel, and in euerie, place of theirs:Et factus est planctus magnus in Israël, et in omni loco eorum: 27And the princes, and the ancients mourned, and the virgins and the young men were made feeble, and the beauty of the women was changed.E i principi e i seniori gemevano; i giovani e le fanciulle erano senza fiato; e la beltà delle donne spari.and the princes, and the ancients mourned, and the youngmen, and the virgins were weakned, and the beautifulnes of the wemen was changed.et ingemuerunt principes et seniores; virgines et juvenes infirmati sunt: et speciositas mulierum immutata est. 28Every bridegroom took up lamentation: and the bride that sat in the marriage bed, mourned:Tutti gli sposi novelli menavan duolo e piangevan le spose sedendo sul letto nuziale:Euerie husband tooke lamentation: and the wemen that sate in the mariage bed, mourned:Omnis maritus sumpsit lamentum, et quæ sedebant in thoro maritali, lugebant: 29And the land was moved for the inhabitants thereof, and all the house of Jacob was covered with confusion.E si commosse la terra per pietà dei suoi abitatori, e tutta la casa di Giacobbe fa nell'obbrobrio.and the land was moued vpon the inhabitants therein, & al the house of Iacob did put on confusion.et commota est terra super habitantes in ea, et universa domus Jacob induit confusionem. 30And after two full years, the king sent the chief collector of his tributes to the cities of Juda, and he came to Jerusalem with a great multitude.E di li a due intieri anni il re mandò il soprintendente de' tributi pelle città di Giuda, il quale arrivò a Gerusalemme con gran comitiva.And after two yeares of dayes the king sent a prince of tributes into the cities of Iuda, & he came to Ierusalem with a great multitude.Et post duos annos dierum, misit rex principem tributorum in civitates Juda, et venit Jerusalem cum turba magna.
31And he spoke to them peaceable words in deceit; and they believed him.E parlò alla gente benignamenle, ma con inganno; e quelli se ne fidarono.And he spake vnto them peaceable wordes in guile: and they beleued him.Et locutus est ad eos verba pacifica in dolo: et crediderunt ei. 32And he fell upon the city suddenly, and struck it with a great slaughter, and destroyed much people in Israel.Ma egli repentinamente assalì i cittadini, e ne fece gran macello, e trucidò moltissima gente d'Israele.And he fel vpon the citie sodenly, and stroke it with a great plague, and destroyed much people in Israel.Et irruit super civitatem repente, et percussit eam plaga magna, et perdidit populum multum ex Israël. 33And he took the spoils of the city, and burnt it with fire, and threw down the houses thereof, and the walls thereof round about:E spoglio la città, o vi mise il fuoco; e ne distrusse le case e le mura all'intorno:And he tooke the spoiles of the citie, and burnt it with fyre, and destroyed the houses therof, and the walles therof round about:Et accepit spolia civitatis: et succendit eam igni, et destruxit domos ejus, et muros ejus in circuitu: 34And they took the women captive, and the children, and the cattle they possessed.E menarono schiave le donne, e presero i ragazzi e i bestiami.and they led the wemen captiue, and the children, and the cattel they possessed.et captivas duxerunt mulieres, et natos et pecora possederunt. 35And they built the city of David with a great and strong wall, and with strong towers, and made it a fortress for them:E cinsero la città di David di muraglia forte e grande e di massicce torri, ed ella serviva loro di fortezza.And they built the citie of Dauid with a great wal, and a strong, and with firme towers, and it was made a castel for them:Et ædificaverunt civitatem David muro magno et firmo, et turribus firmis, et facta est illis in arcem: 36And they placed there a sinful nation, wicked men, and they fortified themselves therein: and they stored up armour and victuals, and gathered together the spoils of Jerusalem;E vi misero gente malvagia, uomini iniqui i quali vi si afforzarono, e vi radunarono armi e viveri; e messe insieme le spoglie di Gerusalemme,and they placed there a sinful nation, wicked men, and they waxed strong therein: And they layd armour, and victuals, and gathered together the spoiles of Ierusalem:et posuerunt illic gentem peccatricem viros iniquos, et convaluerunt in ea: et posuerunt arma, et escas, et congregaverunt spolia Jerusalem:
37And laid them up there: and they became a great snare.Ivi le riposero: ed essi furono un gran flagello,and layd them vp there: and they became a great snare.et reposuerunt illic: et facti sunt in laqueum magnum. 38And this was a place to lie in wait against the sanctuary, and an evil devil in Israel.Stando ivi in aguato contro del luogo santo, e divennero un cattivo diavolo per Israele.And this was made for an embushment of the sanctification, and to be an il deuil in Israel.Et factum est hoc ad insidias sanctificationi, et in diabolum malum in Israël: 39And they shed innocent blood round about the sanctuary, and defiled the holy place.E spargevano il sangue innocente attorno al luogo santo, e contaminarono il santuario.And they shed innocent bloud round about the sanctification, and contaminated the sanctification.et effuderunt sanguinem innocentem per circuitum sanctificationis, et contaminaverunt sanctificationem. 40And the inhabitants of Jerusalem fled away by reason of them and the city was made the habitation of strangers, and she became a stranger to her own seed, and her children forsook her.E per causa loro si aggirano gli abitanti di Gerusalemme, ed ella divenne stanza degli stranieri e straniera al suo popolo; e i suoi figliuoli l'abbandonarono.And the inhabitants of Ierusalem fled by reason of them, and it became the habitation of strangers, and she became stranger to her owne seede, and her children forsooke her.Et fugerunt habitatores Jerusalem propter eos, et facta est habitatio exterorum, et facta est extera semini suo, et nati ejus reliquerunt eam. 41Her sanctuary was desolate like a wilderness, her festival days were turned into mourning, her sabbaths into reproach, her honours were brought to nothing.Il suo santuario restò in abbandono, come un deserto; le sue feste solenni si cambiarono in tutto, e i suoi sabati in obbrobrio e i suoi onori andarono in fumo.Her sanctification was desolate as a wildernes, her festiual dayes were turned into mourning, her sabbaths into reproche, her honours into naught.Sanctificatio ejus desolata est sicut solitudo; dies testi ejus conversi sunt in luctum, sabbata ejus in opprobrium, honores ejus in nihilum. 42Her dishonour was increased according to her glory, and her excellency was turned into mourning.La sua ignominia fu proporzionata alla sua gloria, e la sua grandezza fini in pianti.According to her glorie was her ignominie multiplied, and her highnes was turned into mourning.Secundum gloriam ejus multiplicata est ignominia ejus, et sublimitas ejus conversa est in luctum.
43And king Antiochus wrote to all his kingdom, that all the people should be one: and every one should leave his own law.E il re Antioco spedì lettere per tutto il suo regno, perché si riunisser tutti in un sol popolo, e rinunziasse ciascuno alla propria legge.And king Antiochus wrote to al his kingdom, that al the people should be one: and euerie one should leaue his owne law.Et scripsit rex Antiochus omni regno suo ut esset omnis populus unus: et relinqueret unusquisque legem suam. 44And all nations consented, according to the word of king Antiochus.E tutte le genti si accordarono in obbedire al comando del re Antioco;And al Nations consented according to the word of king Antiochus.Et consenserunt omnes gentes secundum verbum regis Antiochi: 45And many of Israel consented to his service, and they sacrificed to idols, and profaned the sabbath.E molti d'Israele si sottomisero a questa schiavitù, e sacrificarono agl'idoli, e violaron il sabato.and manie of Israel consented to his seruice, and they sacrificed to idols, and defiled the sabbath.et multi ex Israël consenserunt servituti ejus, et sacrificaverunt idolis, et coinquinaverunt sabbatum. 46And the king sent letters by the hands of messengers to Jerusalem, and to all the cities of Juda; that they should follow the law of the nations of the earth.E mandò il re suoi messaggieri a Gerusalemme e per tutte le città di Giuda con lettere, affinché abbracciasser le leggi delle nazioni della terra,And the king sent bookes by the handes of messengers into Ierusalem, & into al the cities of Iuda: that they should folow the law of the Nations of the earth,Et misit rex libros per manus nuntiorum in Jerusalem, et in omnes civitates Juda, ut sequerentur leges gentium terræ, 47And should forbid holocausts and sacrifices, and atonements to be made in the temple of God.E proibissero, che gli olocausti e i sacrifizj e le oblazioni si facessero al tempio di Dio,and should prohibite holocausts and sacrifices, & placations to be made in the temple of God,et prohiberent holocausta et sacrificia, et placationes fieri in templo Dei, 48And should prohibit the sabbath, and the festival days to be celebrated.E che non si santificasse il sabato, nè le solennità:and should prohibite the sabbath to be celebrated, and the solemne dayes.et prohiberent celebrari sabbatum, et dies solemnes: 49And he commanded the holy places to be profaned, and the holy people of Israel.E ordinò, che si profanassero i luoghi santi e il popol santo d'Israele.And he commanded the holie places to be defiled, and the holie people of Israel.et jussit coinquinari sancta, et sanctum populum Israël.
50And he commanded altars to be built, and temples, and idols, and swine’s flesh to be immolated, and unclean beasts,E ordinò che si ergessero altari e templi e idoli, e si immolassero carni di porco e bestie immonde,And he commanded altars to be built, and temples, and idols, and swines flesh to be immolated, and common beasts,Et jussit ædificari aras, et templa, et idola, et immolari carnes suillas, et pecora communia, 51And that they should leave their children uncircumcised, and let their souls be defiled with all uncleannesses, and abominations, to the end that they should forget the law, and should change all the justifications of God.E non circoncidessero i propri figliuoli, e si contaminassero con ogni sorta d'immondezze e di abominazioni, affinché si dimenticassero della legge di Dio, e conculcassero tutti i precetti di Dio.and to leaue their children vncircumcised, and their soules to be contaminated in al vncleannesses, and abominations, so that they should forget the law, and should change al the iustifications of God.et relinquere filios suos incircumcisos, et coinquinari animas eorum in omnibus immundis, et abominationibus, ita ut obliviscerentur legem, et immutarent omnes justificationes Dei: 52And that whosoever would not do according to the word of king Antiochus, should be put to death.E che tutti quelli che non obbedissero all'ordine del re Antioco, fossero messi a morte.And whosoeuer had not done acording to the word of king Antiochus, they should dye.et quicumque non fecissent secundum verbum regis Antiochi, morerentur. 53According to all these words he wrote to his whole kingdom: and he appointed rulers over the people that should force them to do these things.Di tal tenore furon le lettere spedite da lui per tutto il suo regno, e deputò magistrati, che costringessero il popolo a far tali cose.According to al these words wrote he to al his kingdom: and he appoynted princes ouer the people, that should force these thinges to be done.Secundum omnia verba hæc scripsit omni regno suo: et præposuit principes populo, qui hæc fieri cogerent. 54And they commanded the cities of Juda to sacrifice.E questi comandarono alle città di Giuda, che sacrificassero.And they commanded the cities of Iuda to sacrifice.Et jusserunt civitatibus Juda sacrificare. 55Then many of the people were gathered to them that had forsaken the law of the Lord: and they committed evils in the land:E molti del popolo si unirono con quelli, che avean abbandonata la legge del Signore, e fecero del male assai nel paese:And manie of the people were gathered to them, they that had forsaken the law of our Lord: and they did euils vpon the land:Et congregati sunt multi de populo ad eos qui dereliquerant legem Domini, et fecerunt mala super terram:
56And they drove away the people of Israel into lurking holes, and into the secret places of fugitives.E obbligarano il popolo d'Israele a fuggirsi in parti rimote e in luoghi, dove tener nascosta la loro fuga.and they chased forth the people of Israel in hidden corners, and in the secret places of fugitiues.et effugaverunt populum Israël in abditis, et in absconditis fugitivorum locis. 57On the fifteenth day of the month, Casleu, in the hundred and forty-fifth year, king Antiochus set up the abominable idol of desolation upon the altar of God, and they built altars throughout all the cities of Juda round about:Ai quindici del mese di Casleu, l'anno cento quarantacinque, il re Antioco eresse l'idolo abominevole della desolazione sopra l'altare di Dio, e si eressero altari da tutte le parti in tutte le città di Giuda:The fiftenth day of the moneth Casleu, the hundreth fiue and fourtith yeare king Antiochus built the abominable idol of desolation vpon the altar of God, and through out al the cities of Iuda round about they builded altars:Die quintadecima mensis Casleu, quinto et quadragesimo et centesimo anno, ædificavit rex Antiochus abominandum idolum desolationis super altare Dei, et per universas civitates Juda in circuitu ædificaverunt aras: 58And they burnt incense, and sacrificed at the doors of the houses and in the streets.E davanti alle porte delle case e per le piazze abbruciavano incensi, e facevan sacrifizj:and before the gates of houses, and in the stretes they burnt frankincense,et ante januas domorum et in plateis incendebant thura, et sacrificabant: 59And they cut in pieces, and burnt with fire the books of the law of God:E stracciati i libri della legge di Dio, li gettavano ad ardere nel fuoco.& sacrificed. and the bookes of the law of God they burnt with fyre, cutting them:et libros legis Dei combusserunt igni, scindentes eos: 60And every one with whom the books of the testament of the Lord were found, and whosoever observed the law of the Lord, they put to death, according to the edict of the king.E se presso alcuno trovavano i libri del Testamento del Signore, e se alcuno osservava la legge del Signore, erano trucidati a tenor dell'editto del re.and with whomsoeuer were found the bookes of the testament of our Lord, and whosoeuer obserued the law of our Lord, they murdered him, according to the edict of the king.et apud quemcumque inveniebantur libri testamenti Domini, et quicumque observabat legem Domini, secundum edictum regis trucidabant eum.
61Thus by their power did they deal with the people of Israel, that were found in the cities month after month.Così violentemente trattavano il popol d'Israele, che trovavasi nelle città ogni mese.In their powre did they these thinges to the people of Israel, that was found in euerie moneth and moneth in the cities:In virtute sua faciebant hæc populo Israël, qui inveniebatur in omni mense et mense in civitatibus. 62And on the five and twentieth day of the month they sacrificed upon the altar of the idol that was over against the altar of God.E ai venticinque del mese eglino facean sacrifizj sopra l'altare, che era dirimpetto all'altare di Dio.And the fiue and twentith day of the moneth they sacrificed vpon the altar that was agaynst the altar.Et quinta et vigesima die mensis sacrificabant super aram, quæ erat contra altare. 63Now the women that circumcised their children were slain according to the commandment of king Antiochus,E le donne, che avesser circoncisi i loro figliuoli, erano trucidate secondo l'ordine del re Antioco,And the wemen that circumcided their children, were murdered according to the commandment of king Antiochus,Et mulieres, quæ circumcidebant filios suos, trucidabantur secundum jussum regis Antiochi, 64And they hanged the children about their necks in all their houses: and those that had circumcised them, they put to death.E impiccavano i bambini pel collo in tutte le case loro, e trucidavano chi gli avesse circoncisi.and they hang vp the children by the necks through out al their houses, and those that had circumcided them, they murdered.et suspendebant pueros a cervicibus per universas domos eorum: et eos, qui circumciderant illos, trucidabant. 65And many of the people of Israel determined with themselves, that they would not eat unclean things: and they chose rather to die, than to be defiled with unclean meats:Ma molti del popolo d'Israele fermarono dentro di se di non mangiar cibi immondi, ed elessero di piuttosto morire, che contaminarsi con impure vivande:And manie of the people of Israel determined with themselues, that they would not eate the vncleane thinges: & they chose rather to dye, then to be defiled with vncleane meates:Et multi de populo Israël definierunt apud se, ut non manducarent immunda: et elegerunt magis mori, quam cibis coinquinari immundis: 66And they would not break the holy law of God and they were put to death:E non vollero violare la legge santa di Dio, e furono trucidati.& they would not breake the holie law of God, & they were murdered,et noluerunt infringere legem Dei sanctam, et trucidati sunt:
67And there was very great wrath upon the people.E grande oltremodo fu l'ira contro quel popolo.and there was made great wrath vpon the people excedingly.et facta est ira magna super populum valde.
1:1
Year of the World 3668, Year before Christ 336.
Haydock
Now. Literally, "And." (Haydock)
Haydock
Greece, over the whole. He was chosen generalissimo. (Haydock)
Calmet
He conquered many of the Greeks, and overthrew Darius Condomanus, the year of the world 3674. (Calmet)
Worthington
Alexander [the Great] was the first who reigned in that great monarchy, which he founded. (Worthington)
1:2
Just. xii
Holds. He was never defeated. (Just. xii.)
1:3
Earth, even to India, beyond which the ancients knew of nothing.
Quiet, or silent; depopulated, (Isaias 14:7.) and obedient, Habacuc 2:20.
1:4
Just. xii
Up. He was spoiled by prosperity, (Calmet) and would pass for a god, and be styled "king of the world." (Just. xii.)
1:6
Bed. Some suppose through poison, (Diodorus xvii.; St. Jerome, ad Laetam.) or excess of wine. (Atheneus 10:11.)
Haydock
This was enough. (Haydock)
Calmet
So perished the man who would claim divine honours! (Calmet)
1:7
Haydock
Servants. On the ninth day of sickness which preceded his death, he admitted all his soldiers to kiss his hand. Then he asked his friends, if they thought they should find such another king? As they were silent, he predicted what bloodshed would ensue, and told them to bury him in the temple of Ammon. When they asked to whom he left the throne, he said, "to the most worthy." He gave his ring to Perdiccas; whence all inferred, that he should be regent till the proper heirs came of age. Perdiccas desired to know when he would have divine honours: to which Alexander [the Great] replied with these his last words, "when you are happy:" (Just. xii.; Diodorus xvii.) as much as to say, never. (Haydock)
Calmet
This seems contrary to the sacred historian. But his authority is far superior. (Calmet)
Challoner
Kingdom. This is otherwise by Q. Curtius; though he acknowledges that divers were of that opinion, and that it had been delivered by some authors. (liber[book] x.) But here we find from the sacred text that he was in error. (Challoner)
Worthington
By delivering his ring to Perdiccas, Alexander gave him authority to make this division. (Worthington)
Many assert, that he gave him directions in his last will. This was observed for some time, ver. 10.
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Year of the World 3681, Year before Christ 323.
Twelve. Josephus, etc. Some add, a few months. He was about thirty-three years old.
1:10
Calmet
Death, twelve years being expired, when all the posterity of Alexander [the Great] were dead. His generals gradually destroyed each other, and four took the diadem at the same time: Ptolemy, in Egypt; Seleucus, in Syria; Cassander, in Macedonia; and Lysimachus, in Thrace. (Just. xiii., and xv.) (Calmet)
Worthington
Those who choose to read in order, may, after the preface [in] 2 Machabees 2:20., read the above, then 2 Machabees 3:1. (Worthington)
1:11
Year of the World 3829, Year before Christ 175.
Challoner
Antiochus the illustrious; Epiphanes, the younger son of Antiochus the great, who usurped the kingdom, to the prejudice of his nephew Demetrius, son of his elder brother, Seleucus Philopater. (Challoner)
Worthington
Epiphanes means "renowed." (Worthington)
Josephus
He took this title, particularly after the Samaritans had offered it to him. (Josephus, Antiquities xii.; Vaillant. A. 145.)
Calmet
His medals have always God prefixed, "the god appearing;" as he came opportunely, like a god, to defend the kingdom against the Egyptians, after he had been fourteen years a hostage at Rome. (Calmet)
Nothing could be more abject than his character. (St. Jerome, in Daniel viii., and ix.) (Atheneus 5:4., and 10:12.)
Challoner
Greeks, counting not from the beginning of the reign of Alexander [the Great], but from the first year of Seleucus Nicator. (Challoner)
Calmet
The era of the Seleucides began in spring or autumn, the year of the world 3692, the year before Christ 312, though the Chaldeans and Ptolemy date from the following spring. (Calmet)
Worthington
The Grecian monarchy had then stood twenty years. (Eusebius) (Worthington)
1:12
Men. Jason attempted to supplant Onias III and introduced pagan customs, when he was dead. Menelaus treated him in like manner. Being cited to pay what he had promised, he left Lysimachus in his place, who was slain in the temple, which he was robbing, 2 Machabees 4:
Calmet
Us. Thus the Jews complained in the days of Jeremias, (xliv. 18.) and the Christian religion was blamed for all the miseries which fell upon the Roman empire. (Calmet)
Haydock
St. Augustine proves in his City of God, that this accusation was false. (Haydock)
1:15
Lyranus
Exercise, to wrestle (Calmet) and teach. (Lyranus)
1:16
Made. St. Jerome thinks the attempt useless. But the Jews discovered the art. (St. Epiphanius; Pond. xvi.; Bartol.) (1 Corinthians 7:18.)
Calmet
Sold to the devil, becoming his instruments, 3 Kings 21:25., and Romans 7:14. (Calmet)
Go to 2 Machabees 4:7.
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Year of the World 3834, Year before Christ 170.
Worthington
Egypt. He coveted this kingdom, having Syria already. (Worthington)
Calmet
He was not very fit for war: but Egypt was not under Philometor a child, and Ephphanes made an easy conquest. This was his second visit to that country. While he besieged Alexandria, a report of his death was spread; and as he was informed that the Jews rejoiced at it, he fell upon them, ver. 21. (Calmet)
Worthington
After ver. 20, read 2 Machabees 4:21. (Worthington)
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Year of the World 3834.
1:23
Worthington
Sanctuary. Josephus (Antiquities 12:6.) writes, that Antiochus slew such as opposed his entrance into the city, and afterwards those who opened the gates, but would have prevented his plundering the temple. (Worthington)
Josephus
Menelaus conducted the king, 2 Machabees 5:15. Profane authors condemn this conduct of the king towards a city subject to him. (Josephus, contra Apion 2.)
Calmet
Diodorus relates several fables on this occasion. (Calmet)
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Year of the World 3836, Year before Christ 168.
Worthington
The chief collector, etc. Apollonius. (Challoner) (2 Machabees 5:24.) (Worthington)
Haydock
He basely fell upon the unsuspecting citizens on a sabbath day. (Haydock)
1:33
Josephus
Fire, thus destroying a great part. (Josephus, Antiquities 12:7.)
1:35
Worthington
In it was placed a garrison of Macedonians. (Worthington)
This castle had been occupied by Syrians before. It was now enlarged, 2 Machabees 4:27., and 5:5.
1:38
Calmet
Sanctuary, to pillage all who came to the temple. (Calmet)
Challoner
An evil devil. Literally, an adversary, watching constantly to do harm, as the evil spirit is always watching and seeking whom he could devour. (Challoner)
1:40
1:43
Year of the World 3837, Year before Christ 167.
Haydock
Be one. This reason herself teaches. But the king wished to establish a false religion, or rather he desired to root out all religion, and to shew his authority. (Haydock)
Tacitus v
Demere superstitionem et mores Graecorum dare adnixus. (Tacitus v.)
Worthington
He was not content with plunder, unless he ruined souls. (Worthington)
1:45
Haydock
Service, or worship, (Calmet) introduced by Epiphanes. (Haydock)
1:49
People. He forced them to eat forbidden meat.
1:57
Year of the World 3837.
Calmet
Fifteenth. In all other places the 25th, whence this may be incorrect, (Calmet) or the altar was now set up, (Haydock) though sacrifices were not yet offered. (Calmet)
1:58
Calmet
Doors, to Trivia, Isaias 57:8. (Calmet)
1:59
Josephus
Law, and all the sacred writings. (Josephus; Sulpitius ii.)
Calmet
The pious Jews secreted what they could, and Judas took care to collect them, 2 Machabees 1:14., and 3:48. (Calmet)
1:61
Calmet
After month. The officers took an account of the slain, (Grotius) or the dedication of the statue was renewed, or rather the king's nativity was kept, 2 Machabees 6:7. (Calmet)
But this would only occur once a-year. People were compelled to sacrifice on the same day of each month on which the statue had been dedicated, ver. 62.
1:62
Over-against, or (Haydock) "upon," epi. The Greek altars were of a smaller size.
1:65
Calmet
Many. Eleazar, and the seven Machabees, etc. (Calmet)
1:67
Haydock
Wrath. God seemed displeased, as he was with too many. The pious were exposed to various trials, and to the fury of persecutors. (Haydock)
Worthington
Read 2 Machabees 5:11. (Worthington)
1:7
Divided his kingdom, etc.... This is otherwise related by Q. Curtius; though he acknowledges that divers were of that opinion, and that it had been delivered by some authors, lib. 10. But here we find from the sacred text, that he was in error.
1:11
Antiochus the Illustrius.... Epiphanes, the younger son of Antiochus the Great, who usurped the kingdom, to the prejudice of his nephew Demetrius, son of his elder brother Seleucus Philopater.—Ibid. Of the kingdom of the Greeks.... Counting, not from the beginning of the reign of Alexander, but from the first year of Seleucus Nicator.
1:30
The chief collector, etc.... Apollonius.
1:35
1:38
An evil devil.... That is, an adversary watching constantly to do harm, as the evil spirit is always watching and seeking whom he may devour.
1:57
The abominable idol, etc.... Viz., the statue of Jupiter Olympius.
1:1
B
Other kings reigned before Alexander in Grece but he vvas the first that reigned in that great Monarchie erected by himselfe.
1:7
By deliuering his ring to Perdicca, he gaue him auctoritie to distribute his kingdomes. Insinua li. 12. • •urtius. li. 10.
1:10
li. 2. c. 3. v. 1.
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Epiphanes, Noble in re•owme.
D
This Antiochus begane his reigne in the yeare 137. from Seleuchus the first king of Syria after Alexander. otherwise this vvas the 156 yeare of the Grecian Monarchie, Euseb in chroni•o.
1:16
li. 2. c. 4. v. 7.
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F
Being established in the kingdom of Syria, he coueted also the kingdom of Aegypt.
1:20
li. 2. c. 4. v. 21.
1:21
H
1:23
Iosephus. li. 12. c. 6. vvriteth that Antiochus first killed such as vvould haue hindred his entrance into Ierusalem and aftervvards those that opened the gates vnto him, but vvould haue hindered him from spoyling the temple.
1:30
This vvas Apollonius, as appeareth li. 2. c. 5. v. 2•.
1:35
The tovvre of Sion fortified and kept.
1:36
by a garrison of Macedonians.
1:43
It sufficed not this cruel tyrant to spoile Gods people of their goodes, and manie of their liues, but he also peruerted manie in religion: because his master the diuel seeketh to destroy mens soules.
1:57
Daniels prophecie. ch. 9. vvas here in part fulfilled, as in a figure, and our Sauiour confirmeth it. •la•. 24 of Antichrist setting vp abomination of desolation in the holie place.
1:67
li. 2. c. 5. v. 11.
1:19
sant'Efrem il Siro † 373 d.C. Ephraim Syrus: Fifteen Hymns For the Feast of the Epiphany 8.4
4. The captive priests again in the well—hid and concealed the fire of the sanctuary,
1:1
1. ET FACTUM EST, POSTQUAM PERCUSSIT ALEXANDER (Magnus) PHILIPPI (filius) MACEDO, QUI PRIMUS REGNAVIT IN GRÆCIA, (scilicet, tota, ait Serarius): EGRESSUS DE TERRA CETHIM, — id est de regionibus Judæis transmarinis (has enim Judæi vocant Cethim) uti sunt Macedonia, Græcia, Cyprus, etc. sic hodie eos, qui trans Alpes habitant Itali vocant transmontanos. Rursum nonnulli per « Cethim » accipiunt proprie Macedoniam (quæ hodie Albania dicitur), tum quia Philippus et Persæ vocantur reges Cethæorum, id est Macedonum, I Mach. VIII, 5; tum quia Suidas verbo Latini et κίτιον asserit Macedoniam per prosthesin dictam a Cethim, nempe πάτεις et Attice μάκεττα; sic et S. Hieronymus, lib. V in Isaiam cap. XXIII et in cap. XXVII Ezech. et XI Daniel, per Cethim accipit insulas Macedoniæ; et S. Epiphanius, hæresi 30, ait Alexandrum dici egressum ex Cethim, id est ex Macedonia, quia in ea erat genus Cypriorum, ac Rhodiorum, quibus proprie competit hoc nomen: Cethim enim, teste Josepho, lib. 1 Ant. cap. VII, proprie dicta est Cyprus, et inde quævis aliæ insulæ. Insulas autem vocant Hebræi omnes transmarinas regiones, uti sunt Italia, Græcia, Macedonia. Favet quod Livius, lib. V, Decade II, nominet in Macedonia Citium, quo totus exercitus Persei convenerat. Favet quoque vocis Macedoniæ affinitas cum Cethim. Quare Dionysius de situ orbis et Hesychius in Lexico Macedoniam vocant Macetam, et Macedones Macetas. Unde Ausonius, in claris urb. Epigr. II, « Macetumque attollere nomen. » Quin et Thucidides, lib. II, cap. II, ait Cyprios in Macedoniam transmigrasse, ut eis suum nomen Cethim indere potuerint. Sic et Theodorus Annius, Pintus, Pererius in Isaiæ II, per Cethim accipiunt Macedoniam. DARIUM REGEM PERSARUM — ultimum, cognomento Codomannum. Hunc percussit et occidit Alexander Magnus anno sexto regni sui, tumque monarchiam a Dario et Persis ad se et ad Græcos transtulit, factusque monarcha regnavit alios sex annos: mortuus est enim anno regni sui duodecimo. Porro Darius prius vocatus est Codamus, et cauponam exercuit Susis, ait Dionysius, Chrysostomus, orat. 5; inde creatus est præfectus Armeniæ, ac tandem rex: quare non erat ex stirpe regia, sed id simulavit assumendo nomen regale Darii, ideoque eum Alexander invasit, et regno sibi non debito privavit.
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3. ET PERTRANSIIT USQUE AD FINES TERRÆ, — omnia sibi armis subjugans usque ad Gangem et Oceanum Indicum, ait Josephus, Livius et Justinus. ET SILUIT TERRA IN CONSPECTU EJUS — præ terrore fortitudinis et victoriarum ejus continuarum, ut nemo ei auderet resistere, nec contra eum hiscere, sicut mures silent in conspectu felis, et canes coram leone.
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4. ET CONGREGAVIT VIRTUTEM ET EXERCITUM, — id est exercitum non tam multitudine, quam virtute militum metuendum. Alexandri enim milites erant veterani, laboribus et præliis assueti, continuis victoriis animosi, ut omnia pervaderent et subjicerent. Est hendiadis. Unde Græce est: congregavit virtutem, id est exercitum fortem. ET ELEVATUM EST COR EJUS, — adeo ut divinitatem affectaret, et ab ipso Jove satum se esse contenderet. Quam opinionem vanam ex ingentibus victoriis, et adulantium blandimentis, et rebus supra fidem prosperis imbiberat, ut Olympiadem teste Agellio, lib. XIII, cap. IV, Junonis pellicem faceret. Ad Græcos scripsit stolidus, et ut ipsum Deum facerent jussit, ut ait Ælianus, lib. II variæ historiæ, cap. XIX; sed a Lacedæmoniis derisus, vecordiæ et stuporis incusatur, ut idem Ælianus est auctor, lib. V, cap. II. Adulatus est ei sacerdos Hammonis pro παιδίες, id est puer, fili, vocans eum παιδίος, id est fili Jovis.
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6. Post hæc, (anno regni sui 12, monarchiæ vero sexto, ætatis 33), DECIDIT IN LECTUM, — vel ex nimio potu, uti narrat Plutarchus in ejus vita, et Seneca, epist. 83, vel ex veneno, uti censet Curtius.
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7. ET VOCAVIT PUEROS, id est duces, principes sibi intimos, uti fuere Ptolemæus Lagi filius, Seleucus, Antigonus, Aridæus, Perdiccas, Cassander et alii: ET DIVISIT ILLIS REGNUM SUUM. — Idem asserit Josephus Gorionides, lib. III, ac S. Cyrillus Jerosolymitanus, Catechesi 4 de S. Scriptura, et alii. Favet quod scribit Curtius, lib. X, cap. x: « Credidere, inquit, quidam testamento Alexandri distributas esse provincias; » idque a variis auctoribus traditum asserit, licet ipse contrarium sentiat. Porro Auctori nostro, cui quasi scriptori hagiographo Patres Græci et Latini, imo tota Ecclesia fidem sacram tribuit, magis credendum est, quam Diodoro, Justino, Curtio et Orosio asserentibus, Perdiccam post mortem Alexandri provincias inter Principes distribuisse: quod tamen fieri quoque potuit, nimirum ut Alexander Perdiccæ dato annulo, quasi secreti sui conscio mandarit, ut imperium suum in duodecim Principes divideret. Id enim fecit Perdiccas, utique id non facturus, sed sibi plurima retenturus, nisi id ei Alexander mandasset. Rursum S. Thomas, Glossa, Dionysius, Josephus, Stephanus sic exponunt: « Divisit illis regnum, » id est dividendum reliquit, exposuit et obtulit, q. d. Alexander moriens nullum certum hæredem designavit, sed voluit ut principes inter se illud ex æquo dividerent. Audi nunc Justinum, lib. XII: « Cum deficere eum amici viderent, quærunt quem imperii faciat hæredem. Respondit, dignissimum. Tanta illi magnitudo animi fuit, ut cum Herculem filium suum, cum fratrem Aridæum, et cum Roxanem uxorem prægnantem relinqueret, oblitus necessitudinem, dignissimum nuncuparet hæredem. Sexto die, præclusa voce, exemptum digito annulum Perdiccæ tradidit. Quæ res gliscentem amicorum dissensionem sedavit. Nam etsi non voce nuncupatus hæres, indicio tamen electus esse videbatur. » Porro inter hos duodecim Alexandri hæredes et successores primarii fuere quatuor, nimirum Ptolemæus, qui Ægyptum; Antigonus, qui Asiam; Aridæus, qui Macedoniam; Seleucus, qui Syriam, Babyloniam et Persiam, ac victo Antigono Asiam occupavit.
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8. ET MORTUUS EST — Babylone, ex veneno dolo Antipatri ei dato, ait Beda et Q. Curtius; vel ut alii ex crapula, vel ex utroque: plura de gestis Alexandri dixi Daniel. cap. VIII. Vide hic vanitatem regum et regnorum mundi. En tibi Alexander, qui mundum subjugarat et novos mundos, quos subjugaret, quærebat, sex tantum annis imperio suo gavisus est, ac sexto anno mortuus exiguo tumulo conditus, sepultusque jacet. Vere Juvenalis, Satyra x: Unus Pellæo juveni (Alexandro) non sufficit orbis, Æstuat infelix angusto limite mundi, etc. Sarcophago contentus erit: mors sola fatetur Quantula sunt hominum corpuscula. Hinc Apelles pinxit Alexandrum, quasi fulmen manu tenentem, eo quod instar fulminis omnia pervaserit, sed et illico disparuerit, ut fulmen. Narrat Petrus Alphonsus plures philosophos (forte Gymnosophistas, qui olim quæstiones ab Alexandro propositas resolverant) audita morte Alexandri ad funus accurrisse. Atque unus, inquit, dicebat: « Heri totius terræ spatiositas Alexandro non suffecit; nunc trium quatuorve ulnarum spatium illi ipsi sufficit. » Aiebat alius: « Heri potuit Alexander a morte multos liberare; hodie seipsum non potest. » Alius, cum aureum ejus loculum videret: « Heri Alexander ex auro fecit thesaurum, hodie aurum ex ipso fecit thesaurum. » Alius: « Heri Alexander terram oppressit, hodie a terra opprimitur. » Denique mater Alexandri Olympias ingemuit: « O fili, inquit, qui cœli particeps esse studebas, ne iis quidem potiri vales, quæ mortalium omnium communia sunt, terra et sepultura. » Mansit enim cadaver insepultum Alexandri ad triginta dies ob principum dissidia. Ite nunc, filii Adæ, terræ, ut talpæ inhiate, agros agris, urbes urbibus, regna regnis accumulate, cras morituri. O curas hominum! O quantum est in rebus inane! Pulcher fuit Alexander, nunc est putre cadaver: fuit Cyrus, nunc est Irus: fuit remex calicum, nunc est esca vermium; fuit terror gentium, nunc est præda dæmonum: fuit inclytus rex gloriæ, nunc est follis et fomentum gehennæ, eritque semper in omnem æternitatem. Hoc speculum intuere, o Lector, tibique dicito: « Hodie Alexandro, cras mihi. »
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11. ET EXIIT EX EIS RADIX PECCATRIX ANTIOCHUS ILLUSTRIS, — q. d. Ex uno ducum Alexandri, et post ejus mortem regum, prognatus est Antiochus Epiphanes, puta ex Seleuco, qui victo Antigono sibi diadema Asiæ imposuit, anno 12 post mortem Alexandri; a Seleuco enim sexta generatione descendit Epiphanes, id est illustris. Verius ab aliis dictus Epimanes, id est insanus; tum, quia multa stulta et insana factitavit, quæ ex Leonico recensuit Daniel. XI, 21; tum quia, quasi furiis infernalibus actus insanuit, et crudelissime sæviit in Judæos. Aliam causam dat Polybius, quod a Magis per magiam fuerit intoxicatus, et in mentis delirium vesaniamque actus. Epiphanes vocatur « radix peccatrix, » quia sicut ex radice germinant poma et fructus, sic ex Epiphane germinarunt omnia peccata, superbiæ, avaritiæ, libidinis, crudelitatis, impietatis, sacrilegiorum, etc., quæ toto hoc capite et seq. audiemus. Hinc ipse fuit expressus typus et præcursor Antichristi, qui II Thessal. II, a Paulo vocatur « homo peccati, » quia erit impiissimus et sceleratissimus. FILIUS ANTIOCHI REGIS (cognomento Magni), QUI FUERAT ROMÆ OBSES. — Antiochus enim Magnus cum Annibale victus a Scipione Asiatico fratre Scipionis Africani, eo quod Annibalis consilia neglexisset, Scipioni et Romanis obsidem pacis et fœderis dedit filium suum juniorem Antiochum Epiphanem. Sed Epiphanes, mortuo patre et fratre seniore Seleuco Philopatore per dolum ab Heliodoro interfecto, clam Roma elapsus in Syriam, ibi regnare cœpit anno 137 REGNI GRÆCORUM, id est post mortem Alexandri Magni anno 145. Nam anni Græcorum incipiunt a Seleuco, qui 12 anno a morte Alexandri regem Asiæ se fecit, regnumque ad posteros propagavit, uti dixi in Proœmio, Quæst. III.
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12. IN DIEBUS ILLIS EXIERUNT EX ISRAEL FILII INIQUI, — quorum dux fuit Jesus Oniæ Pontificis frater, qui gentilizans et græcizans Jasonem se vocavit, et Pontificatum, fratre Onia ejecto, invasit, de quo, lib. II, cap. IV, vers. 7. Item Menelaus, Simon et similes, de quibus, lib. II, cap. V. Hi videntes iniquitatem æque ac potentiam Antiochi Epiphanis Syriæ et Judææ dominantis, ejus impietati se conformarunt, ut ab eo opes et honores consequerentur, ac cæteris Judæis præficerentur, fierentque Pontifices et gubernatores, imo Domini Judæorum, nimirum: Regis ad exemplum totus componitur orbis. Sicut ergo pius rex David Judæos fecit pios, sic impius Epiphanes eos fecit impios.
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14. DEDIT (Epiphanes) ILLIS POTESTATEM, UT FACERENT JUSTITIAM GENTIUM, — ut scilicet Gentilium ritus et mores, ac præsertim falsam religionem et idololatriam, liberamque libidinem sequerentur, et in Judæam inducerent; unde sequitur: 15. ET ÆDIFICAVERUNT GYMNASIUM IN JEROSOLYMIS SECUNDUM LEGES NATIONUM. — in quo scilicet adolescentes discerent non tantum Gentilium fabulas et litteras, uti censent S. Thomas et Lyranus, idem digladiari, sagittare, certare cursu, saltu, disco, ac luctari in palæstra, etc., sed etiam docerentur omnem luxuriam, etiam contra naturam pederasticam et sodomiticam, unde gymnasiis hisce adduntur ephebiæ sive lupanaria, lib. II, cap. IV, vers. 12. Et talia erexere impii reges olim in Juda, quæ effeminatorum vocantur, quibus præerat quasi sacerdotissa et principissa mater Asæ regis Juda, III Reg. XV, 12; sed Asa aliique pii reges ea sustulerunt, restituit vero Herodes, teste Josepho, libro XIV, cap. IX et libro XV, cap. XI. Disce hic quod sicut veræ religionis comes est puritas ac castitas; sic falsæ, ac hæresis comes est impuritas et libido: certe virginum tam virorum, quam feminarum agmina, quæ votam Deo castitatem religiose per omnem vitam servant, non nisi in orthodoxa fide reperies.
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16. Et fecerunt sibi præputia, — id est præputia sibi in circumcisione resecta certis instrumentis et medicamentis attraxerunt, et recrescere fecerunt, ut circumcisionem et Judaismum hoc facto evitarent, et Gentilismum profiterentur; hujus enim rei symbolum erat præputii reductio. Vide dicta I Corinth. VII, 18, ad illa: « Non adducat præputium. »
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17. ET PARATUM EST REGNUM (Asiæ et Syriæ) IN CONSPECTU ANTIOCHI (Epiphanis); — Seleucus enim Philopator senior frater Epiphanis dolo Heliodori fuit occisus; quare Epiphanes, adjuvantibus Eumene et Attalo vicinis regibus, facile patris regnum solus occupavit. Nec hoc contentus: CŒPIT REGNARE IN TERRA ÆGYPTI, — nam ut sequitur: 18. ET INTRAVIT IN ÆGYPTUM IN MULTITUDINE GRAVI, — id est copiosa, puta numeroso magnoque exercitu. Est enallage; ponitur enim quantitas continua, pro discreta, puta gravis, sive magna pro multa. Sic « musca gravissima » vocatur plurima, Exodi VIII, 24. Vide ibi dicta. Porro Antiochus Epiphanes bis intravit in Ægyptum, simulans se velle adjuvare Ptolemæum Philometorem suum ex Cleopatra sorore nepotem et puerum, sed revera ea mente, ut excluso nepote ipse regnum Ægypti suo regno Asiæ adjiceret. Primo, intravit anno secundo regni sui, de quo agitur II Machab. IV, 21. Secundo, anno sexto regni sui, qui fuit Græcorum 142, de quo hic agitur; nam anno sequenti 143 ex Ægypto ascendit in Israel, ut dicitur vers. 21.
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23. ET INGRESSUS EST SANCTIFICATIONEM, — id est sanctuarium, puta templum Judæis sanctissimum, indeque sacrilege abstulit ALTARE AUREUM, id est altare thymiamatis; ET MENSAM AUREAM, in qua 12 tribus Deo offerebant 12 panes PROPOSITIONIS, ET libatoria, — id est cyathos, crateres, aliaque vasa, quibus vinum, oleum, sanguis victimarum Deo libabatur, id est ad cornu altaris effundebatur.
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25. ET FECIT CÆDEM HOMINUM, nimirum, — ut dicitur II Mach. V, 12: « Fiebant cædes juvenum, ac seniorum et mulierum, et natorum exterminium, virginumque et parvulorum neces. Erant autem toto triduo 80 millia interfecti, 40 millia vincti, non minus autem venundati. » Causa fuit, quod Romani jusserint Antiochum Epiphanem ex Ægypto excedere, ac Ptolemæo Philometori regi amico illam liberam relinquere; Publius enim Popilius Lænas Legatus Romanus qui Romæ Antiocho Epiphani familiaris fuerat, navibus appulsus Alexandriam, Antiochum virga circumscribens circulo in arena illi dixit: « Senatus populusque Romanus præcipiunt ut Ægypto recedas, nec pugnes in Ptolemæos, et isto in loco respondeas quid consilii geras: an pacem, an bellum cupias. » Quibus ille perterritus ait: « Si hoc placet Romanis, recedendum est. » Itaque statim movit exercitum. Ita Josephus, lib. XII Antiq. cap. VI. Livius, lib. V, decad. 5. Appianus in Syriaco, Justinus et alii. Quare tunc frendens Antiochus castra movit in vicinos Judæos, in eosque suam indignationem et furorem effudit. ET LOCUTUS EST IN SUPERBIA MAGNA, — jactans se, quasi esset Deus quidam terrestris, cui omnes obedire deberent, et cui nemo resistere posset, uti faciet ejus antitypus Antichristus. Vide dicta Daniel. XI, 36.
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27. ET SPECIOSITAS MULIERUM IMMUTATA EST, — tum quia ipsæ depositis vestibus speciosis in communi luctu lugubres, id est nigras et squalidas induerunt; tum quia timor, mœror et angor faciebat eas pallidas et luridas. Sic in Chaldæorum clade ait Jeremias Thren. I, De virginibus: « Egressus est a filia Sion omnis decor ejus; » De adolescentibus, cap. IV, 2: « Filii Sion inclyti, et amicti auro primo, quomodo reputati sunt in vasa testea; » et vers. 7 De Nazaræis: « Candidiores Nazaræi nive, nitidiores lacte, rubicundiores ebore antiquo, sapphiro pulchriores; denigrata est super carbones facies eorum, et non sunt cogniti in plateis. »
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29. ET COMMOTA EST TERRA, Judæa perculsa et concussa fuit ingenti terrore, mœrore et angore, SUPER HABITANTES IN EA, — scilicet propter incolas Judæos ab Antiocho occisos, captos et venditos. 30. ET POST DUOS ANNOS DIERUM, id est, post duos integros annos omnibus suis diebus plane expletos, ita ut insuper aliquot dies excurrerent, Antiochus Epiphanes MISIT PRINCIPEM TRIBUTORUM, — quem ipse colligendis tributis præfecerat, nomine Apollonium ad Judæos non tantum spoliandos, sed et jugulandos, ut dicitur II Machab. V, 24, qui præterea. 33. SUCCENDIT EAM (Jerosolymam jam a se spoliatam) IGNI, ET DESTRUXIT DOMOS ET MUROS EJUS IN CIRCUITU, — ne Antiocho rebellare posset. 35. ET ÆDIFICAVERUNT CIVITATEM DAVID, — scilicet arcem Sion, quæ toti urbi subjacenti quasi rupes, vel turris dominabatur, MURO MAGNO (alto) ET FIRMO. 36. ET POSUERUNT ILLIC GENTEM PECCATRICEM, scilicet milites rapaces, homicidas et sceleratos, qui Judæos diriperent, vincirent, mactarent. 38. ET FACTUM EST HOC AD INSIDIAS SANCTIFICATIONI, — id est sanctuario, sive templo, ut scilicet insidiarentur Judæis euntibus ad templum sacrificii, vel orationis causa, ac erumpentes ex arce in eos irruerent, eosque spoliarent, caperent, vulnerarent. Volebat enim Antiochus abolere Dei veri cultum, ac Judæos compellere ad adorandum sua idola, ideoque imaginem Jovis Olympii collocarat in templo. ET IN DIABOLUM MALUM IN ISRAEL, — tum quia milites hi erant diaboli, id est calumniatores; calumniabantur enim euntes ad templum, quasi illud contra Antiochum munire vellent; tum quia ipsi quasi dæmones eos expilabant, verberabant, laniabant, adeo ut ipsum templum cæsorum sanguine implerent et polluerent; tum denique quia eos a cultu Dei ad cultum Jovis, id est diaboli compellebant, simulque ad scortandum in lupanaribus templo adjectis invitabant; quod erat opus plane diabolicum.
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43. ET SCRIPSIT REX ANTIOCHUS decretum, quo præcipiebat UT OMNIS POPULUS ESSET UNUS, id est uniformis in fide et religione, ut scilicet omnes sibi subditi unirentur sibi in eadem superstitione et idololatria, sicut uniebantur in eodem regno, ideoque UT RELINQUERET UNUSQUISQUE LEGEM SUAM, — nimirum ut Judæi relinquerent legem et cultum Dei sui datam per Mosen, et capesserent legem et cultum Antiochi. Expedit ut in uno regno una sit religio, sed vera et orthodoxa. Nam si falsa sit, expedit esse plures, ut vera ex falsarum varietate emicet et agnoscatur, uti aiebat Cardinalis Hosius.
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45. ET MULTI EX ISRAEL CONSENSERUNT SERVITUTI EJUS. — Græce τῇ λατρείᾳ, id est latriæ, sive sacræ ejus servituti, cultui et adorationi, ut scilicet non alium Deum colerent latria, nec alteri Deo servirent, quam Deo Antiochi regis sui, puta Jovi Olympio, ipsique Antiocho. Ipse enim una cum Jove volebat coli ut Deus. 46. ET MISIT REX LIBROS, — id est litteras et epistolas. Has enim significat Hebræum sepher, id est liber. 49. ET JUSSIT COINQUINARI SANCTA, id est violari et profanari sanctum templum, sanctaque ejus sacrificia, ritus, sabbata, festa, etc. ET SANCTUM POPULUM ISRAEL, — ut abjecta sancta fide et lege Dei pollueret se sacrilegis victimis et superstitionibus gentium, et idolorum; unde explicans subdit: 50. IMMOLARI CARNES SUILLAS, id est sues et porcos lege Mosi immundos, ideoque comedi et immolari vetitos; ET PECORA COMMUNIA, id est immunda; quæ enim immunda sunt, gentibus erant communia; quæ vero munda, Judæis peculiaria et propria Levit. XI. Hinc Deus volens S. Petrum convertere Cornelium et gentes immundas ad Christum, per visum jussit ei immunda animalia comedere, dicens: « Quod Deus purificavit, tu commune, id est immundum, ne dixeris. » Actor. X, 15.
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51. ET IMMUTARENT OMNES JUSTIFICATIONES DEI, id est violarent omnes Dei sanctiones et leges; hæ enim vocantur justitiæ et justificationes, quia præscribunt id quod æquum et justum est. 55. ET CONGREGATI SUNT MULTI DE POPULO AD EOS QUI DERELIQUERANT LEGEM DOMINI, — ad apostatas cum eis apostatando a lege Dei, puta ad Jasonem, Alcimum, Menelaum, cæterosque Apostasiæ duces. 56. ET EFFUGAVERUNT DE POPULO ISRAEL — eos qui apostatare nolebant; sed in vera Dei lege, cultuque constanter perseverabant, ut cogerentur fugere ad antra et speluncas, ibique se abdere. 57. DIE QUINTA DECIMA MENSIS CASLEU (qui nostro novembri respondet) ÆDIFICAVIT (et collocavit) SUPER ALTARE DEI in templo Jerosolymitano, ABOMINANDUM IDOLUM DESOLATIONIS — Jovis Olympii, quod futurum erat causa omnis calamitatis et desolationis, uti prædixerat Daniel cap. XI, 11. 61. IN VIRTUTE SUA (Græce ἐν ἰσχύι, id est vi et robore suo, hoc est violenter) FACIEBANT satellites Antiochi HÆC POPULO ISRAEL, QUI INVENIEBATUR IN OMNI MENSE ET MENSE, id est quolibet mense, IN CIVITATIBUS, — per mensem intellige Neomeniam, sive primum diem mensis, qui Judæis erat solemnis et quasi sacer; unde tunc ex pagis et villis confluebant in urbem audituri Dei legem, sicut accolæ Romæ eodem die confluebant Romam, indeque Calendæ sunt dictæ, ut ostendit Levit. XXVIII, 11. Sensus est, q. d. Milites Antiochi observabant eos qui Neomeniam ex lege Mosis observabant, eosque male mulctabant, imo mactabant. Atque ut Neomeniam, id est solemnitatem primæ diei mensis abolerent, ipsi.
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62. QUINTA ET VIGESIMA DIE MENSIS SACRIFICABANT SUPER ARAM, a se Jovi Olympio erectam, QUÆ ERAT CONTRA ALTARE — holocaustorum, Deo dicatum in templo Jerosolymitano. In hac ergo ara non tantum Jovi, sed et ipsi Antiocho, quasi Deo sacrificabant. Ipse enim voluit coli ut Deus, uti prædixit Daniel cap. XI, 36; ideoque typus fuit Antichristi. Nolebant idololatræ sacrificare in altari Dei, ne viderentur Deo Hebræorum sacrificare; et ut illud quasi profanum populo facerent abominabile, unde et in eodem collocarunt statuam Jovis Olympii, coram qua in ara vicina ab eisdem Jovi erecta sacrificabant. 65. ET ELEGERUNT MAGIS MORI, et varie excruciati, QUAM CIBIS COINQUINARI IMMUNDIS, — quam comedere carnem porcinam, similesque Levit. XI vetitas, uti idcirco excruciatus fuit Eleazarus et septem fratres Machabæi, II Machab. VII. Hi ergo omnes gloriosi fuere illo prisco rudique sæculo martyres. Audi Josephum, lib. XII, cap. VII: « Quamobrem quotidie necabantur excruciati tormentis crudelissimis, flagris etiam cæsi et lacerati corpora, vivi adhuc et spirantes suffigebantur crucibus; uxores autem eorum, et circumcisos liberos strangulabant juxta mandatum regium, et suspendebant a crucifixorum parentum cervicibus. » Hoc est, quod prædixit Daniel. XI 33 et 35: « Et de eruditis ruent, ut conflentur, et eligantur, et dealbentur usque ad tempus præfinitum. 67. ET FACTA EST IRA MAGNA DEI SUPER POPULUM VALDE, — q. d. Deus, indignans Judæis ob eorum scelera, permisit eos tam atrociter affligi ab Antiocho.
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Persiani e dei Medi » (I Mach. 1,1).
… Dan. 8, 21 sgg. e 11, 2 descrive la potenza dell'ariete o Alessandro «re dei Greci» («primo re dei Greci»: I Mach. 1, 1; 6, 2). Anche i Seleucidi sono «re dei Greci» (Dan. 10, 20; Zach. 9, 13; I Mach. 1, 11; 8, 18: contro essi i Giudei chiedono aiuto ai Romani, che li liberino dal «giogo dei Greci»).
KITTĪM (KITTIJĪM, IN IER. 2, 10)
… Alessandro il Macedone è detto provenire da K. (I Mach. 1, 1) e Perseo è presentato come re dei K. (ibid. 8, 5).
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— A. III il Grande (mentovato in I Mach. 1, 11; 8, 6-8), successe diciannovenne nel 223 al fratello ucciso Seleuco III. Represse le rivolte di Molone in Media (220) e di suo cugino Acheo in Asia Minore (213). …
… Dan. 8, 21 sgg. e 11, 2 descrive la potenza dell'ariete o Alessandro «re dei Greci» («primo re dei Greci»: I Mach. 1, 1; 6, 2). Anche i Seleucidi sono «re dei Greci» (Dan. 10, 20; Zach. 9, 13; I Mach. 1, 11; 8, 18: contro essi i Giudei chiedono aiuto ai Romani, che li liberino dal «giogo dei Greci»).
I. R. NELLA S. SCRITTURA. - Dei Romani si parla forse in Dan. 11, 30; di R. o dei Romani indirettamente in I Mach. 1, 11; 7, 1, e direttamente nel racconto dell'alleanza richiesta (161 a. C.) da Giuda Maccabeo per difendersi dall'aggressione sira (I Mach. 8, 1-32; II Mach. 4, 11), rinnovata poi (nel …
1:15
CIRCONCISIONE (DAL LAT. CIRCUMCISIO, «TAGLIO INTORNO»; GR. ΠΕΡΙΤΟΜΉ; EBR. MILĀH)
… Se l'influsso ellenista fece dei disertori (alcuni giudei vergognosi di apparire circoncisi agli occhi dei pagani nei pubblici ginnasi, tentavano di occultare i segni della c.: I Mach. 1, 15), tuttavia la maggior parte dei giudei rimase fedele alle patrie prescrizioni ed oppose eroica resistenza alle leggi persecutorie di Antioco Epifane, che aveva vietato di circoncidere …
1:20
… Guidato da Menelao, penetrò nel Tempio e lo saccheggiò; lasciò in carica Menelao, circondato da ufficiali siriani che trucidarono 40.000 ebrei (I Mach. 1, 20-29; II Mach. 5, 11-21; Flavio Giuseppe, Antiq. …
Nel 168 Antioco IV (v.) Epifane saccheggia la città, profana il Tempio, ne sospende i sacrifici e con la sua guarnigione si stabilisce sulla cittadella, l'Acra (v.), probabilmente a nord-ovest del Tempio (I Mach. 1, 20-58); l'ellenizzazione della città sarebbe stata completa senza la reazione maccabalca. …
1:21
… ognun lato del santuario (I Reg. 7, 49; II Par. 4, 7.20). Il c. mosaico, prima della distruzione del tempio di Salomone nel 587, sarebbe stato nascosto (Strack-Billerbeck, III, pp. 181, 718). Il c. del tempio di Zorobabele fu asportato da Antioco IV (I Mach. 1, 21), e allora Giuda il Maccabeo ne fece fare uno nuovo
16; I Mach. 1, 21-24; II Mach. 3, 5, 21). Nel tempio restaurato da Erode il Grande il g. doveva trovarsi in locali a destra dell'atrio delle donne. …
… Nel hēkhāl vi era una sola mensa, un solo candelabro e l'altare dei profumi (I Mach. 1, 21 sg.; 4, 49). Aveva due atri come quello salomonico. …
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MACCABEI (GR. ΜΑΚΚΑΒΑΙ͂ΟΙ, VOLG. MACHABAEI)
pena di morte, dell'osservanza del sabato, della circoncisione, delle astinenze legali; abolizione del culto legittimo e profanazione dell'altare degli olocausti con l'offerta di sacrifici a Giove Olimpico (I Mach. 1, 29-51; II Mach. 6, 1-7), determinarono la rivolta.
1:30
2. A., « capo delle esazioni » (I Mach. 1, 30), inviato da Antioco IV Epifane a Gerusalemme per imporre l'ellenizzazione col suo terrorismo. …
1:33
… maccabaiche il santuario giudaico fu indicato realmente con il nome di «Monte S.» (τὸ ὄρος Σιών; I Mach. 4, 37-60; 6,48.62; 10,11; 14,26). Ivi i prodi Maccabei si trincerarono per resistere alle truppe poste da Antioco Epifane nell'Acra o «città di David» (ibid. 1,33; 7,32; 14,36); probabilmente anche il nome dell'acropoli d'origine era trasmigrato ad indicare una fortezza posta sulle pendici del colle occidentale. …
1:36
… e šōrēr («nemico»: Aman) in Esth. 7, 4 e 8, 1. Mentre la Volgata del Vecchio Testamento traslittera 5 volte satan, i Settanta accolgono oṇrā solo in I Reg. 11, 14, 23. Διάβολος ricorre anche in Sap. 2, 24 (origine de «la morte nel mondo») e I Mach. 1, 36.
… volte come nome comune: «avversario» in guerra (I Sam. 29, 4; I Reg. 5, 18; 11, 14, 23, 25) o in tribunale (Ps. 108, 6) o colui che sbarra la via: II Sam. 19, 23; cf. Mt. 16, 23 e Mt. 8, 33: Gesù respinge Pietro che gli ostacola la strada verso la croce; I Mach. 1, 36 la fortezza Akra è eretta εἰς ἀνάβολον, come «sbarramento». …
1:41
AMOS (EBR. 'ĀMŌS «CHE PORTA UN FARDELLO», DIVERSO DAL NOME DEL PADRE DI ISAIA 'ĀMŌS «ROBUSTO»)
… L'autorità divina del libro è testimoniata in Tob. 2, 6, nell'allusione di I Mach. 1, 41 (Am. 8, 10) e nella citazione di s. Stefano (Act. 7, 42).
1:51
CIRCONCISIONE (DAL LAT. CIRCUMCISIO, «TAGLIO INTORNO»; GR. ΠΕΡΙΤΟΜΉ; EBR. MILĀH)
… ginnasi, tentavano di occultare i segni della c.: I Mach. 1, 15), tuttavia la maggior parte dei giudei rimase fedele alle patrie prescrizioni ed oppose eroica resistenza alle leggi persecutorie di Antioco Epifane, che aveva vietato di circoncidere (I Mach. 1, 51); molte donne misero a rischio la vita per circoncidere i figli (I Mach. 1, 65 sg.). …
1:57
ABOMINAZIONE DELLA DESOLAZIONE
I Mach. 1, 57 ravvisa il compimento del vaticinio di Daniele nella « costruzione » di un altare (βωμάς) idolatrico sull'altare degli olocausti il 15 caslea del 168 a. C., altare che Antioco IV Epifane …
… Il termine, desunto, come gli altri del calendario ebraico in epoca postesilica, dal sistema babilonese, figura nella Bibbia solo negli scritti postesilici (Zach. 7, 1; Neh. 1, 1; I Mach. 1, 57; II Mach. 1, 9, 18). Dal tempo di Giuda Maccabeo nel 25 di questo mese si usò celebrare con solennità la festa della «dedicazione del Tempio» o Hānukkāh (I Mach. 4, 52-59).
1:59
MACCABEI (GR. ΜΑΚΚΑΒΑΙ͂ΟΙ, VOLG. MACHABAEI)
… a. C.) furono revocate tutte le misure vessatorie che avevano acceso la rivolta (ibid. 11, 27-33). In conseguenza di ciò Giuda rientrò in Gerusalemme e rese al culto jahvistico il Tempio, ed il 25 hislēw, giusto tre anni dopo la sua profanazione (I Mach. 1, 59), fu ripreso il sacrificio perpetuo sull'altare degli olocausti. …
1:60
TESTAMENTO NELLA SACRA SCRITTURA
… Si trova già nella Bibbia: s. Paolo (II Cor. 3, 14) parla della «lettura del Vecchio T.»; I Mach. 1, 60 descrive la persecuzione promossa da Antioco IV Epifane contro «i libri del T. del Signore».
1:62
ABOMINAZIONE DELLA DESOLAZIONE
… Daniele nella « costruzione » di un altare (βωμάς) idolatrico sull'altare degli olocausti il 15 caslea del 168 a. C., altare che Antioco IV Epifane dedicò al suo dio-patrono Zeus Olimpio (II Mach. 6, 2), e nel sacrificio offerrovi dieci giorni dopo (I Mach. 1, 62). Per Dan. come per I e II Mach. tale sacrilegio segna il culmine dell'empietà. …
1:65
CIRCONCISIONE (DAL LAT. CIRCUMCISIO, «TAGLIO INTORNO»; GR. ΠΕΡΙΤΟΜΉ; EBR. MILĀH)
… maggior parte dei giudei rimase fedele alle patrie prescrizioni ed oppose eroica resistenza alle leggi persecutorie di Antioco Epifane, che aveva vietato di circoncidere (I Mach. 1, 51); molte donne misero a rischio la vita per circoncidere i figli (I Mach. 1, 65 sg.). …
… Le levatrici egiziane (Ex. 1, 15 sgg.), il profeta Elia (III Reg., 17 sgg.), Tobia (2, 9); i Maccabei (I Mach. 1, 65-67; 2, 19-26; II Mach. 6, 23-26) si trovarono di fronte a l. ingiuste e rifiutarono di osservarle. …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.