Judas Machabeus succeeds his father, and overthrows Apollonius and Seron. A great army is sent against him out of Syria. He prepares his people for battle by fasting and prayer.
Iudas Machabeus punisheth the wicked: 10. killeth Apollonius in battel. 13. Seron braggeth, but is also ouerthrowen. 25. Antiochus furiously incensed, 29. gathereth money in Persis, 32. leauing Lysias viceroy; 38. who sending a great armie against the Israelites, 42. Iudas and his bretheren commending the cause to God, by prayer and penance, 54. resolue to fight against their enemies.
1Then his son Judas, called Machabeus, rose up in his stead.E succedette in suo luogo Giuda suo figliuolo cognominato, Maccabeo:AND Iudas, that was called Machabeus his sonne arose in his steed: and al his bretheren helped him,Et surrexit Judas, qui vocabatur Machabæus, filius ejus, pro eo: 2And all his brethren helped him, and all they that had joined themselves to his father, and they fought with cheerfulness the battle of Israel.E lo assistevano tutti i suoi fratelli, e tutti quelli, che si erano uniti col padre suo, e allegramente combattevano per Israele.and al that had ioyned themselues to his father, and they fought the battel of Israel with ioy.et adjuvabant eum omnes fratres ejus, et universi qui se conjunxerant patri ejus, et præliabantur prælium Israël cum lætitia. 3And he got his people great honour, and put on a breastplate as a giant, and girt his warlike armour about him in battles, and protected the camp with his sword.Ed egli diede nuovo lustro alla gloria del suo popolo, e imbracciò la sua corazza, come un gigante, e si vinse delle sue armi per combattere e colla sua spada teneva sicuri gli alloggiamenti.And he dilated glorie to his people, and put on him a brigantine as a giant, and girded about him his warlie armour in battels, and protected the campe with his sword.Et dilatavit gloriam populo suo, / et induit se loricam sicut gigas, / et succinxit se arma bellica sua in præliis, / et protegebat castra gladio suo. 4In his acts he was like a lion, and like a lion’s whelp roaring for his prey.Egli nel suo fare era simile a un lione e ad un lioncello che rugge veggendo la preda.He became like a lion in his actes, and as a lions whelpe roaring in hunting.Similis factus est leoni in operibus suis, / et sicut catulus leonis rugiens in venatione. 5And he pursued the wicked and sought them out, and them that troubled his people he burnt with fire:Egli non lasciò bene avere gl'iniqui, andandone in traccia, e sterminò col fuoco quelli a che perturbavano il suo popolo:And he persecuted the wicked enquiring them out, and such as trubled his people, them he burnt with fyre:Et persecutus est iniquos perscrutans eos: / et qui conturbabant populum suum, eos succendit flammis: 6And his enemies were driven away for fear of him, and all the workers of iniquity were troubled: and salvation prospered in his hand.E il timore, che si aveva di lui rispinse i nemici, e scompigliò tutti gli artigiani di iniquità, e la mano di lui apportò salute.and his enemies were repelled for feare of him, al the workers of iniquitie were trubled: and saluation was directed in his hand.et repulsi sunt inimici ejus præ timore ejus, / et omnes operarii iniquitatis conturbati sunt: / et directa est salus in manu ejus.
7And he grieved many kings, and made Jacob glad with his works, and his memory is blessed for ever.E dava assai da pensare a molti re, e colle sue azioni consolava Giacobbe, e la memoria di lui sarà in benedizione per sempre.And he exasperated manie kinges, and reioyced Iacob in his workes, and for euer his memorie is in benediction.Et exacerbabat reges multos, / et lætificabat Jacob in operibus suis, / et in sæculum memoria ejus in benedictione. 8And he went through the cities of Juda, and destroyed the wicked out of them, and turned away wrath from Israel.Egli andò in giro per le città di Giuda, e discaccionne gli empi, e rimosse il flagello da Israele.And he walked through the cities of Iuda, and destroyed the impious out of them, and turned away wrath from Israel.Et perambulavit civitates Juda, / et perdidit impios ex eis, / et avertit iram ab Israël. 9And he was renowned even to the utmost part of the earth, and he gathered them that were perishing.E la sua rinomanza n'andò fino agli ultimi confini del mondo: ed egli riunì quei, che stavano per perire.And he was renowned euen to the vttermost part of the earth, & he gathered thē that perished.Et nominatus est usque ad novissimum terræ, / et congregavit pereuntes. 10And Apollonius gathered together the Gentiles, and a numerous and great army from Samaria, to make war against Israel.Ma Apollonio mise insieme le nazioni e un esercito numeroso e forte di Samaria per venire a battaglia con Israele.And Apollonius gathered together the Gentils, and from Samaria a powre much and great, to make battel against Israel.Et congregavit Apollonius gentes, et a Samaria virtutem multam et magnam ad bellandum contra Israël. 11And Judas understood it, and went forth to meet him: and he overthrew him, and killed him: and many fell down slain, and the rest fled away.E Giuda ne fu informato, e andogli incontro, e lo sconfisse, e lo uccise, e molti furono i feriti e i morti, e il rimanente si diede alla fuga:And Iudas vnderstood it, and wentforth to meete him: and he stroke, and killed him: and there fel manie wounded, and the rest fled away.Et cognovit Judas, et exiit obviam illi: et percussit, et occidit illum: et ceciderunt vulnerati multi, et reliqui fugerunt. 12And he took their spoils, and Judas took the sword of Apollonius, and fought with it all his lifetime.E ne riportarono le spoglie; ma la spada di Apollonio se la prese Giuda, e di essa servivasi sempre nelle battaglie.And he tooke the spoiles of them, and the sword of Apollonius Iudas tooke away, and he fought with it al his dayes.Et accepit spolia eorum: et gladium Apollonii abstulit Judas, et erat pugnans in eo omnibus diebus.
13And Seron, captain of the army of Syria, heard that Judas had assembled a company of the faithful, and a congregation with him,Ma Seron capo dell'esercito della Siria avendo inteso, come Giuda avea formata una ragunata e una chiesa di gente fedele,And Seron capitaine of the armie of Syria heard that Iudas gathered a congregation of the faithful, and an assemblie with him,Et audivit Seron princeps exercitus Syriæ, quod congregavit Judas congregationem fidelium, et ecclesiam secum, 14And he said I will get me a name, and will be glorified in the kingdom, and will overthrow Judas, and those that are with him, that have despised the edict of the king.Disse: Io mi acquisterò un nome, e mi renderò famoso nel regno, debellando Giuda e quelli che sono con lui, che non fanno conto degli ordini del re.and he sayd: I wil make me a name, & wil be glorified in kingdom, & wil ouerthrow Iudas, and those that are with him, that despised the word of the king.et ait: Faciam mihi nomen, et glorificabor in regno, et debellabo Judam, et eos qui cum ipso sunt, qui spernebant verbum regis. 15And he made himself ready; and the host of the wicked went up with him, strong succours, to be revenged of the children of Israel.E si mise in ordine, e si mossero con lui le schiere degli empi, aiuto considerevole a per vendicarsi de' figliuoli d'Israele.And he prepared himself: and there went vp with him a campe of the impious strong helpers, to doe vengeance vpon the children of Israel.Et præparavit se: et ascenderunt cum eo castra impiorum fortes auxiliarii ut facerent vindictam in filios Israël. 16And they approached even as far as Bethoron: and Judas went forth to meet him, with a small company.E si avanzarono fino a Bethoron, e Giuda andò loro incontro con poca gente.And they approched euen as far as Bethoron: & Iudas went forth to meete him with few.Et appropinquaverunt usque ad Bethoron: et exivit Judas obviam illi cum paucis. 17But when they saw the army coming to meet them, they said to Judas: How shall we, being few, be able to fight against so great a multitude, and so strong, and we are ready to faint with fasting today?Ma quando questi ebber veduto l'esercito, che veniva contro di loro, dissero a Giuda: Come potrem noi tanto pochi combattere contro moltitudine così grande e valorosa, e noi siamo oggi stanchi pel digiuno?But as they saw the armie coming to meete them, they sayd to Iudas: How shal we a few be able to fight against so great a multitude and so strong, and we are wearied with fasting to day?Ut autem viderunt exercitum venientem sibi obviam, dixerunt Judæ: Quomodo poterimus pauci pugnare contra multitudinem tantam, et tam fortem, et nos fatigati sumus jejunio hodie ?
18And Judas said: It is an easy matter for many to be shut up in the hands of a few: and there is no difference in the sight of the God of heaven to deliver with a great multitude, or with a small company:Ma Giuda disse: Ell'è facil cosa, che molti restino preda di pochi, e rispetto al Dio del cielo egli è lo stesso il salvare per mano di molti, o per mano di pochi:And Iudas sayd: It is an easie matter for manie to be inclosed in the hand of few: & there is no difference in the sight of the God of heauen to deliuer in manie, and in few.Et ait Judas: Facile est concludi multos in manus paucorum: et non est differentia in conspectu Dei cæli liberare in multis, et in paucis: 19For the success of war is not in the multitude of the army, but strength cometh from heaven.Perocchè non dal numero delle schiere dipende il vincere in guerra, ma dal cielo tiene il valore.Because not in the multitude of the armie is the victorie of battel, but from heauen is the strength.quoniam non in multitudine exercitus victoria belli, sed de cælo fortitudo est. 20They come against us with an insolent multitude, and with pride, to destroy us, and our wives, and our children, and to take our spoils.Quelli vengono contro di noi con una turba di gente insolente e superba per isterminar noi e le nostre mogli e i nostri figliuoli, e spogliarci:They come to vs in an obstinate multitude, and in pride, to destroy vs, and our wiues, and our children, and to spoile vs.Ipsi veniunt ad nos in multitudine contumaci, et superbia, ut disperdant nos, et uxores nostras, et filios nostros, et ut spolient nos: 21But we will fight for our lives, and our laws:Ma noi combatteremo per le nostre vite e per le leggi nostre:But we wil fight for our liues, and our lawes:nos vero pugnabimus pro animabus nostris, et legibus nostris: 22And the Lord himself will overthrow them before our face, but as for you, fear them not.E lo stesso Signore gli abbatterà dinanzi a noi; or voi non abbiatene paura.and our Lord himself wil destroy them before our face, but you feare them not.et ipse Dominus conteret eos ante faciem nostram: vos autem ne timueritis eos. 23And as soon as he had made an end of speaking, he rushed suddenly upon them: and Seron, and his host were overthrown before him:E finito che ebbe di parlare, si scagliò subitamente contro di loro, e Seron col suo esercito rimase sconfitto dinanzi a lui:And as he ceased to speake, he flew vpon them sodenly: and Seron was destroyed, and his host in his sight:Ut cessavit autem loqui, insiluit in eos subito: et contritus est Seron et exercitus ejus in conspectu ipsius:
24And he pursued him by the descent of Bethoron, even to the plain, and there fell of them eight hundred men, and the rest fled into the land of the Philistines.Ed egli lo insegui per la colàta di Bethoron sino alla pianura, e vi perirono ottocento uomini e il resto si fuggi nel paese dei Filistei.and he pursewed him in the descent of Bethoron euen to the playne, and there fel of them eight hundred men, and the rest fled into the land of the Phylisthims.et persecutus est eum in descensu Bethoron usque in campum, et ceciderunt ex eis octingenti viri, reliqui autem fugerunt in terram Philisthiim. 25And the fear of Judas, and of his brethren, and the dread of them, fell upon all the nations round about them.E Giuda e i suoi fratelli erano il terrore di tutte le genti circonvicine:And the feare of Iudas and of his bretheren, and the dread fel vpon al the nations round about them.Et cecidit timor Judæ ac fratrum ejus, et formido super omnes gentes in circuitu eorum: 26And his fame came to the king, and all nations told of the battles of Judas.E la fama di lui giunse fino al re; perocchè tutte le genti parlavano delle geste di Giuda.And his name came to the king, and al nations told of the battels of Iudas.et pervenit ad regem nomen ejus, et de præliis Judæ narrabant omnes gentes. 27Now when king Antiochus heard these words, he was angry in his mind: and he sent, and gathered the forces of all his kingdom, an exceeding strong army.Or quando Antioco udì tali cose si sdegnò forte, e mandò a riunire insieme le milizie di tutto il suo regno, esercito grandemente possente.And as king Antiochus heard these wordes he was wrath in his mind: and he sent, and gathered the armie of al his kingdom, a campe exceding strong:Ut audivit autem rex Antiochus sermones istos, iratus est animo: et misit, et congregavit exercitum universi regni sui, castra fortia valde: 28And he opened his treasury, and gave out pay to the army for a year: and he commanded them, that they should be ready for all things.E aperse il suo erario, e diede alle schiere lo stipendio di un anno, e comando loro, che stessero preparati a tutto.and he opened his treasurie, and gaue wages to the armie for a yeare: and he commanded them, that they should be readie at al assayes.et aperuit ærarium suum, et dedit stipendia exercitui in annum: et mandavit illis ut essent parati ad omnia. 29And he perceived that the money of his treasures failed, and that the tributes of the country were small, because of the dissension, and the evil that he had brought upon the land, that he might take away the laws of old times:Ma osservò, che veniva mancando nelle sue casse il denaro, e che i tributi di quel paese erano scarsi a motivo degli scompigli e delle miserie, che egli vi avea cagionato volendo abolire le leggi, che vi erano osservate ab antico.And he saw that money fayled out of his treasures, and the tributes of the region smal because of the dissension, and the plague, that he had made in the land, to take away the ordinances, that were from the first dayes:Et vidit quod defecit pecunia de thesauris suis, et tributa regionis modica propter dissensionem et plagam quam fecit in terra, ut tolleret legitima, quæ erant a primis diebus:
30And he feared that he should not have as formerly enough for charges and gifts, which he had given before with a liberal hand: for he had abounded more than the kings that had been before him.E temè di non avere da potere spendere, e donare, come prima avea fatto a larga mano, e con munificenza superiore a quella di tutti i passati re.and he feared lest he should not haue as once and twise, for costs and gifts, which he had geuen before with a large hand: and he had abunded aboue the kinges, that had bene before him.et timuit ne non haberet ut semel et bis, in sumptus et donaria, quæ dederat ante larga manu: et abundaverat super reges qui ante eum fuerant. 31And he was greatly perplexed in mind, and purposed to go into Persia, and to take tributes of the countries, and to gather much money.Ed era in gran costernazione, e risolvè di andare in Persia a raccorre i tributi di que'paesi, e mettere insieme molto denaro.And he was excedingly astonied in minde, & purposed to goe into Persis, and to take the tributes of the regions, and to gather together much siluer.Et consternatus erat animo valde, et cogitavit ire in Persidem, et accipere tributa regionum, et congregare argentum multum. 32And he left Lysias, a nobleman of the blood royal to oversee the affairs of the kingdom from the river Euphrates even to the river of Egypt:E lasciò Lisia uomo di gran portata e di stirpe reale per soprintendere agli affari del regno dall'Eufrate sino al fiume d'Egitto:And he left Lysias a noble man of the bloud royal, ouer the kings affayres, from the riuer Euphrates euen to the riuer of Aegypt:Et reliquit Lysiam hominem nobilem de genere regali, super negotia regia, a flumine Euphrate usque ad flumen Ægypti, 33And to bring up his son, Antiochus, till he came again.E affinché avesse cura dell'educazione del suo figliuolo Antioco sino al suo ritorno.and that he should bring vp Antiochus his sonne, til he returned.et ut nutriret Antiochum filium suum, donec rediret. 34And he delivered to him half the army, and the elephants: and he gave him charge concerning all that he would have done, and concerning the inhabitants of Judea, and Jerusalem.E gli diede la metà dell'esercito con gli elefanti, e gli diede le commissioni di tutto quello che ei voleva che si facesse, e anche riguardo agli abitanti della Giudea e di Gerusalemme,And he deliuered to him half the armie, and Elephants: and he gaue him in commandment concerning al thinges that he would, & concerning the inhabitants of Iurie, and Ierusalem:Et tradidit ei medium exercitum, et elephantos: et mandavit ei de omnibus quæ volebat, et de inhabitantibus Judæam, et Jerusalem:
35And that he should send an army against them to destroy and root out the strength of Israel, and the remnant of Jerusalem, and to take away the memory of them from that place.Affinché egli spedisse contro di essi un esercito per abbattere il valore d'Israele e gli avanzi di Gerusalemme, e per cancellare la memoria di essi da quel paese:and that he should send an armie to them, to destroy and roote out the powre of Israel, and the remnant of Ierusalem, and to take away the memorie of them out of the place:et ut mitteret ad eos exercitum ad conterendam et extirpandam virtutem Israël, et reliquias Jerusalem, et auferendam memoriam eorum de loco: 36And that he should settle strangers, to dwell in all their coasts, and divide their land by lot.E affinché tutto il loro paese lo desse ad abitare a gente d'altre nazioni, distribuendo loro a sorte le terre loro.and that he should appoynt inhabitants in al their costs, children strangers, & should by lot distribute their land.et ut constitueret habitatores filios alienigenas in omnibus finibus eorum, et sorte distribueret terram eorum. 37So the king took the half of the army that remained, and went forth from Antioch, the chief city of his kingdom, in the hundred and forty-seventh year: and he passed over the river Euphrates, and went through the higher countries.Or il re col rimanente dell'esercito si parli di Antiochia città del suo regno l'anno cento quarantasette, e passò l'Eufrate, e trascorse le provincie superiori.And the king tooke the part of the armie that remayned, and went forth from Antioch the citie of his kingdom in the yeare an hundreth and seuen and fourtie: and he passed ouer the riuer Euphrates, & walked through the higher countries.Et rex assumpsit partem exercitus residui, et exivit ab Antiochia civitate regni sui anno centesimo et quadragesimo septimo: et transfretavit Euphraten flumen, et perambulabat superiores regiones. 38Then Lysias chose Ptolemee, the son of Dorymenus, and Nicanor, and Gorgias, mighty men of the king’s friends.Ma Lisia scelse Tolomeo figliuolo di Dorimene e Nicanore e Gorgia, uomini potenti del numero degli amici del re:And Lysias chose Ptolomee the sonne of Doryminus, and Nicanor, and Gorgias, mightie men of the kings freindes.Et elegit Lysias Ptolemæum filium Dorymini, et Nicanorem, et Gorgiam, viros potentes ex amicis regis: 39And he sent with them forty thousand men, and seven thousand horsemen: to go into the land of Juda, and to destroy it, according to the king’s orders.E mandò con essi quaranta mila uomini e sette mila soldati a cavallo perché andassero nel paese di Giuda, e lo mettessero a ferro e a fuoco secondo il comando del re.And he sent with them fourtie thousand men, and seuen thousand horsemen: that they should come into the land of Iuda, and should destroy it according to the word of the king.et misit cum eis quadraginta millia virorum, et septem millia equitum, ut venirent in terram Juda, et disperderent eam secundum verbum regis.
40So they went forth with all their power, and came, and pitched near Emmaus, in the plain country.E quelli si mossero con tutte le schiere, e andarono a porre' il campo vicino ad Emmaum nella pianura.And they went forth with al their power, and came, and ioyned nere to Enimaum in the champaine countrie.Et processerunt cum universa virtute sua, et venerunt, et applicuerunt Emmaum in terra campestri. 41And the merchants of the countries heard the fame of them: and they took silver and gold in abundance, and servants: and they came into the camp, to buy the children of Israel for slaves: and there were joined to them the forces of Syria, and of the land of the strangers.E i mercatanti di quei paesi, udita la fama del loro arrivo, presero seco dell'argento e dell'oro in quantità, e de' servi, e andarono agli alloggiamenti per comprare i figliuoli d'Israele come schiavi: e con quelli si unirono le schiere della Siria e quelle di altre nazioni.And the merchants of the countries heard the name of them: and they tooke siluer and gold exceding much, and seruants: and they came into the campe, to take the children of Israel for slaues, and there were added to them the armie of Syria, and of the land of the strangers.Et audierunt mercatores regionum nomen eorum: et acceperunt argentum, et aurum multum valde, et pueros, et venerunt in castra ut acciperent filios Israël in servos, et additi sunt ad eos exercitus Syriæ, et terræ alienigenarum. 42And Judas, and his brethren, saw that evils were multiplied, and that the armies approached to their borders: and they knew the orders the king had given to destroy the people, and utterly abolish them.Ma Giuda e i suoi fratelli veggendo, come crescevano i mali, e gli eserciti si andavano appressando ai loro confini, e avendo risaputo il comando dato dal re di sterminare e annichilare il popolo,And Iudas saw, and his bretheren, that the euils were multiplied, and the armies approched to their borders: and they knew the kings words, which he commanded to doe to the people vnto destruction and consummation:Et vidit Judas et fratres ejus, quia multiplicata sunt mala, et exercitus applicabant ad fines eorum: et cognoverunt verba regis, quæ mandavit populo facere in interitum et consummationem: 43And they said, every man to his neighbour: Let us raise up the low condition of our people, and let us fight for our people, and our sanctuary.Dicevano l'uno all'altro: rimettiamo in piedi il popol nostro abbattuto, e combattiamo in difesa del nostro popolo e delle nostre cose sante.and they sayd euerie one to his neighbour: Let vs set vp the abasing of our people, and let vs fight for our people, and our holies.et dixerunt unusquisque ad proximum suum: Erigamus dejectionem populi nostri, et pugnemus pro populo nostro, et sanctis nostris.
44And the assembly was gathered, that they might be ready for battle, and that they might pray, and ask mercy and compassion.E si adunarono in corpo per prepararsi alla battaglia, e per fare orazione e domandare misericordia e pietà.And an assemblie was gathered, that they should be readie vnto battel: and that they should pray and desire mercie and miserations.Et congregatus est conventus ut essent parati in prælium, et ut orarent et peterent misericordiam et miserationes. 45Now Jerusalem was not inhabited, but was like a desert: there was none of her children that went in or out: and the sanctuary was trodden down: and the children of strangers were in the castle, there was the habitation of the Gentiles: and joy was taken away from Jacob, and the pipe and harp ceased there.E Gerusalemme non aveva abitatori, ma era come un deserto; non vi erano i suoi figliuoli, che andassero, e venissero; e il luogo santo era conculcato, e gente straniera stava nella fortezza, in cui aveano stanza le genti, ed era sbandita ogni allegria dalla casa di Giacobbe, né più vi si udiva o flauto, o cetera.And Ierusalem was not inhabited, but was as a desert: there was none that came in and went out of her children: and the holie place was conculcated: and the children of strangers were in the castel, there was the inhabitation of the Gentils, and pleasure was taken away from Iacob, and there failed their pipe, and harpe.Et Jerusalem non habitabatur, sed erat sicut desertum: non erat qui ingrederetur et egrederetur de natis ejus. Et sanctum conculcabatur: et filii alienigenarum erant in arce; ibi erat habitatio gentium: et ablata est voluptas a Jacob, et defecit ibi tibia et cithara. 46And they assembled together, and came to Maspha, over against Jerusalem: for in Maspha was a place of prayer heretofore in Israel.Or eglino radunatisi andarono a Maspha dirimpetto a Gerusalemme, perché Maspha era luogo di orazione per Israele.And they gathered together, and came into Maspha against Ierusalem: because the place of prayer in Israel was in Maspha before.Et congregati sunt, et venerunt in Maspha contra Jerusalem, quia locus orationis erat in Maspha ante in Israël. 47And they fasted that day, and put on haircloth, and put ashes upon their heads: and they rent their garments:E quel giorno digiunarono, e si vestirono di cilizio, e si gettarono della cenere sulla testa, e stracciarono le loro vesti.And they fasted that day, and clothed themselues with heareclothes, and put ashes on their head: and they rent their garments:Et jejunaverunt illa die, et induerunt se ciliciis, et cinerem imposuerunt capiti suo, et disciderunt vestimenta sua:
48And they laid open the books of the law, in which the Gentiles searched for the likeness of their idols:E distesero i libri della legge, nè quali le genti cercavano similitudini pe' loro simulacri:and they layd open the bookes of the law, out of which the Gentils searched the similitude of their idols:et expanderunt libros legis, de quibus scrutabantur gentes similitudinem simulacrorum suorum: 49And they brought the priestly ornaments, and the first fruits and tithes, and stirred up the Nazarites that had fulfilled their days:E vi portarono gli ornamenti sacerdotali e le primizie e le decime, e fecer venire i Nazarei che avean finito il lor tempo:and they brought the ornaments of priests, and first fruites, and tithes, and raysed vp Nazareits, that had fulfilled their dayes:et attulerunt ornamenta sacerdotalia, et primitias, et decimas: et suscitaverunt Nazaræos, qui impleverant dies, 50And they cried with a loud voice toward heaven, saying: What shall we do with these, and whither shall we carry them?E alzarono fino al cielo le strilla, dicendo: che farem noi di costoro, e dove ti condurremo?and they cried with a lowd voice to heauen, saying: What shal we doe with these, & whither shal we carie them?et clamaverunt voce magna in cælum, dicentes: Quid faciemus istis, et quo eos ducemus ? 51For thy holies are trodden down, and are profaned, and thy priests are in mourning, and are brought low.Or che il tuo santuario e conculcato e profanato, e i tuoi sacerdoti sono in duolo e sono umiliati.And thy holies are conculcated, and they are contaminated, and thy priests are brought into mourning, and into humiliation.et sancta tua conculcata sunt, et contaminata sunt, et sacerdotes tui facti sunt in luctum, et in humilitatem: 52And behold the nations are come together against us, to destroy us: thou knowest what they intend against us.Ed ecco che le nazioni si son ragunate contro di noi per isperderci: tu sai quello che disegnano di fare a noi.And behold the Nations are come together against vs, to destroy vs: thou knowest what thinges they intend against vs.et ecce nationes convenerunt adversum nos ut nos disperdant: tu scis quæ cogitant in nos. 53How shall we be able to stand before their face, unless thou, O God, help us?Come potrem noi sostenerci in faccia a loro, se tu, o Dio, non ci aiuti?How shal we be able to stand before their face, vnles thou ô God doe helpe vs?Quomodo poterimus subsistere ante faciem eorum, nisi tu, Deus, adjuves nos ? 54Then they sounded with trumpets, and cried out with a loud voice.Indi fecero risanare altamente le loro trombe.And with trumpets they cried out with a lowd voice.Et tubis exclamaverunt voce magna.
55And after this, Judas appointed captains over the people, over thousands, and over hundreds, and over fifties, and over tens.E dipoi Giuda nominò i condottieri del popolo, e i tribuni e centurioni e i capi di cinquanta e di dieci uomini.And after these thinges Iudas appointed captaynes of the people, tribunes, and centurions, and a seargents, and decurions.Et post hæc constituit Judas duces populi, tribunos, et centuriones, et pentacontarchos, et decuriones. 56And he said to them that were building houses, or had betrothed wives, or were planting vineyards, or were fearful, that they should return every man to his house, according to the law.E a quelli, che avean di fresco fabbricate case, o che avean preso moglie, od aveano piantate vigne, e ai paurosi disse, che secondo la legge se ne tornassero ciascuno a casa sua.And he sayd to them, that built houses, and despoused wiues, and planted vyneyards, and to the fearful, that euerie one should returne into his house according to the law.Et dixit his, qui ædificabant domos, et sponsabant uxores, et plantabant vineas, et formidolosis, ut redirent unusquisque in domum suam secundum legem. 57So they removed the camp, and pitched on the south side of Emmaus.E mossero il campo, e andarono a postarsi a mezzodì di Emmaum.And they remoued the campe, and pitched at the South of Emmaum.Et moverunt castra, et collocaverunt ad austrum Emmaum. 58And Judas said: Gird yourselves, and be valiant men, and be ready against the morning, that you may fight with these nations that are assembled against us to destroy us and our sanctuary.E Giuda disse: Armatevi, e siate uomini di valore, e siate in ordine per di mattina affin di combattere contro queste genti riunite contro di noi per distruggere noi e le cose nostre sante:And Iudas sayd: Gird vp your selues, and be mightie sonnes, and be readie agaynst the morning, that you may fight against these nations, which are assembled against vs to destroy vs, and our holies:Et ait Judas: Accingimini, et estote filii potentes, et estote parati in mane, ut pugnetis adversus nationes has quæ convenerunt adversus nos disperdere nos, et sancta nostra: 59For it is better for us to die in battle, than to see the evils of our nation, and of the holies:Perocchè meglio è per noi il morire in battaglia, che vedere lo sterminio del nostro popolo e delle cose sante.because it is better for vs to dye in battel, then to see the euils of our nation, and of the holies:quoniam melius est nos mori in bello, quam videre mala gentis nostræ, et sanctorum.
60Nevertheless, as it shall be the will of God in heaven, so be it done.E siane quello che nel cielo si vuole.but as it shal be the wil in heauen, so be it done.Sicut autem fuerit voluntas in cælo, sic fiat.
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Josephus
Judas, the eldest. (Josephus, Jewish Wars 1:1.)
Calmet
His skill and valour also entitled him to this post. (Calmet)
Worthington
He did not claim this honour, but received it from his father, and was obeyed by the virtuous people. (Worthington)
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Calmet
Kings. Epiphanes, Eupator,and Demetrius, with their generals. (Calmet)
Worthington
Judas gained four great battles against Apollonius, Seron, Gorgias, and Lysias, 1 Machabees 4:1, 28. (Worthington)
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Wrath. Making the enemy retire, (Haydock) and purifying the temple, etc.
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Calmet
Perishing. So the Jews style the miserable. (Calmet)
Worthington
Go to 2 Machabees 8:1. (Worthington)
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Year of the World 3838.
Apollonius, who had pillaged Jerusalem, 2 Machabees 5:24.
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Calmet
Wicked apostates. (Calmet)
Haydock
They are the most virulent. (Haydock)
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Bethoron, seven leagues north of Jerusalem.
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Calmet
Fasting. Judas thus laudably prepared for battle. (Calmet)
Worthington
Human frailty fears to engage a strong enemy. But true confidence in God gives courage and victory. (Worthington)
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Year of the World 3839, Year before Christ 165.
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Calmet
Land. He formerly received three hundred talents from Judea; now he was forced to send money thither. (Sulpitius ii.) (Calmet)
Worthington
Times. He not only disturbed the Jews, but other nations, which rebelled. (Worthington)
Menochius
Though he had plundered the temple, he was still poor: the usual fate of wicked princes. (Menochius)
Haydock
Sacrilege seldom prospers. When Henry VIII took the revenues of monasteries, he was still needy. They had amply provided for the poor. Soon after, however, the poor rates commenced; and in the 39th Eliz.[Elizabeth?], no less than eleven bills were brought into Parliament for their relief. (Dugdale.) See Hist. of Prot. Ch.[Challoner?] (Haydock)
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Vaillant
Liberal. Epiphanes left many vestiges of his magnificence. (Vaillant.)
The very year when Apollonius was defeated, (Usher, the year of the world 3838.; Calmet) he exhibited most costly games at Daphne, near Antioch, to excel those of P. Emilius, at Amphipolis. Yet he disgusted the company with his apeish conduct. (Atheneus 5:4.)
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Calmet
Persia. The Arabic (2 Machabees vii.) says the king had revolted. (Calmet)
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Year of the World 3839.
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Polybius
Ptolomee. He had been governor of Cyprus, under Philometor, and gave him the revenue only when he was capable of acting for himself. (Polybius)
He afterwards betrayed the island to Epiphanes, 2 Machabees viii.
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Calmet
Servants. Josephus (Antiquities 12:11.) adds "chains," which were all turned against them by Judas. Nicanor had promised ninety Jews for a talent, 2 Machabees 8:10. (Calmet)
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Pray. This, with fasting and other penitential works, is the best armour in holy wars of religion.
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Worthington
Maspha. Silo had been, and Jerusalem was afterwards, the place for public prayer. (Worthington)
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Calmet
In which. The Greek text seems corrupt. By a small change we might render, "while." (Calmet)
Salien
From some passages abused, the pagans sought to establish their religion. (Salien)
Haydock
For. Many Greek copies add, "to inscribe," (Menochius) or "draw upon them the likenesses of their idols." (Haydock)
Haydock
Thus they wished to defile the books, as they had done the temple, (Menochius) and render them useless to the Jews. (Haydock)
Calmet
Syriac, "law, before the sanctuary on account of the Gentiles, who wished to make them imitate their idolatry." (Calmet)
Haydock
The sacred books would be a good preservative. (Haydock)
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Ornaments, which they had rescued from plunder. It seems they had also set up a sort of tabernacle, and had some ornament from the sanctuary.
Days. They ought then to offer victims, which was now impossible.
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Trumpets. Protection seemed to be promised, Numbers 10:9.
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Calmet
Law. Deuteronomy 20:5. (Calmet)
Haydock
Yet his forces were already few. (Haydock)
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Worthington
Done. This godly resolution inspired them with courage, and procured the victory. (Worthington)
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He did not arrogate to himself to be chief, but being designed by his father, vvas so accepted by his bretheren, & the good people ioyned vvith them in defence of the lavv of God.
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Iudas had foure battles, and victories, against foure general captaines sent by king Antiochus Epiphanes. The first against this Apollonius.
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li. 2. c. 8. v. 1.
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M
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The second against Seron.
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The natural frailtie of man feareth to encounter vvith a strong enemie, but true confidence in Gods helpe, which is euer assured in a good cause, geueth corege and getteth the victorie.
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Not only the Ievves resisted Antiochus innouations in religion, but also diuers other nations reuolted and rebelled because he commanded al •o leaue their for merrites and goddes, and to accept of his goddes only. ch. 1. v. 43.
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persecuting al that did not therto conforme themselues.
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Praying fasting & other vvorkes of penance are the best armour in holie vvarres for religion.
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Publique place of prayer vvas, first in Silo. Iosue. 18. after in Maspha. 1. Reg. 7. lastly in Ierusalem.
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a penta contarchos.
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Concordance Deu. 20.
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This most godlie resolution encoreged themselues, & procured Gods merciful protection.
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1. And Judas rose up. — Josephus ben Gorion asserts that Judas was anointed by his father Mathathias as a leader with oil. For thus he says: "Mathathias brought forth a horn with oil, and pouring it upon his head anointed him for battles, and all the people cried out and said: Let the anointed one live." Josephus adds that he was anointed in Jerusalem in the temple; but this seems false, for Jerusalem with the temple was held by the soldiers of Antiochus, as is evident from chapter 1. Machabaeus. — Gorionides asserts that this name was first given to Judas here by his father Mathathias, and signifies an extinguisher, as if to say: You, O Judas, be Machabaeus, that is, the extinguisher of Antiochus and the other enemies of Israel. Others better think that this name had already been given to Judas before, from Machabi, which Judas inscribed on his standards; wherefore it was not given to him by Mathathias in this way, but was already given and is here confirmed, and the words themselves sufficiently suggest this. See what is said in the Preface.
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3. And he put on his coat of mail as a giant, — both because Judas was of tall and vast stature, and therefore in that age, when men fought not with cannons but with arms and swords, he was the strongest; hence explaining this he adds: AND HE PROTECTED THE CAMPS WITH HIS SWORD, — and because he was of extraordinary and gigantic strength, both of body and of spirit; for God continually and constantly gave this to him, as one who hoped in himself alone, for the protection of Israel. Thus Saul, David, Julius Caesar, Constantine, Heraclius, Charlemagne, Godfrey of Bouillon, were of tall and strong stature, and likewise of spirit, and therefore were excellent warriors, slaying many of the enemy with their own hands and swords. For a giant is a symbol of rare strength and fortitude; for giants of old were of vast and robust stature, and therefore terrible to all, so that no one dared to oppose them. Such was Judas. Moral. In the old law, therefore, priests and High Priests were often soldiers and commanders of war, and Judas and his brothers were priests; they were properly chosen by God and the people for this, that they might govern and support Israel, now almost prostrate and abandoned by all. They were primarily chosen as commanders of war; but the High Priesthood was added to them, that they might fight more ardently for religion, the temple and God against Antiochus, and for other reasons recounted above. Nor is this surprising; for the priesthood was then rude and carnal; for priests were as it were butchers in slaughtering and cutting up sheep and oxen to be sacrificed to God: wherefore in these things they learned to slay the enemies of Israel. For no soldiers are more savage than butchers, who are constantly engaged in slaughter and blood. It is otherwise in the New Testament, where the priesthood is far more sublime and holy, and priests are engaged about the body of Christ in the Eucharist to be consecrated and offered: wherefore it is fitting that they be, like Christ, meek, pious, and intent upon God, and therefore far removed from fighting and killing.
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4. He became like a lion, — according to that which was foretold concerning Judah, son of Jacob the Patriarch, Genesis xlix, 9: "Judah is a lion's whelp: to the prey, my son, thou art gone up; resting thou hast couched as a lion, and as a lioness, who shall rouse him up?" because in place of that Judah, to whom Jacob attributed the principate, succeeded this our Judas Maccabaeus, leader and prince of the people, although not descended from Judah, but from Levi, and in strength, might and victories he was not inferior, but superior to him. The Hebrews relate that Judah bore a lion as a distinctive emblem on his standards. AND AS A LION'S WHELP ROARING IN THE HUNT. — In Greek εἰς θήραν, that is in the hunt, or in prey. For the whelps of lions, with growling stomach, hunger, roar, and roaring rush upon sheep and cattle, that they may satisfy their hunger.
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6. And salvation was directed in his hand, — that is to say, Rightly and directly salvation came to Israel through the hand, strength and battles of Judah; for Judas by his industry and fortitude rightly directed Israel to salvation, and caused it to tend toward it by a straight path and course. It can secondly be explained by hypallage thus, that is to say, The hand of Judas was directed to bringing salvation to Israel. For God directed the hand of Judas to continual victories, through which salvation came directly to Israel. For "directed" in Greek is εὐοδώθη, that is it proceeded by an easy way, it prospered; whence εὐοδία means a prosperous journey, likewise prosperity. Again, salvation here can be taken for victory; for in this consisted the salvation and safety of the people. Thus salvation is taken for victory by metonymy, Judges xv, 18. I Kings xi, 9, and xliv, 45, xvii, 47, and I Maccabees iv, 25.
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7. He exacerbated (irritated, provoked, stirred to anger and indignation) MANY KINGS, — namely Antiochus Epiphanes, and his son Antiochus Eupator, and Demetrius, and their neighbors and friends; for he engaged in many battles with these, always conquering and triumphing.
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10. GREAT STRENGTH. — In Greek δύναμιν, that is great force of soldiers.
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11. AND JUDAS KNEW AND WENT OUT (with few) TO MEET HIM, AND SMOTE AND SLEW HIM — Apollonius the commander of the enemies. Hear the matter graphically narrated by Josephus Gorionides: "When Judas saw Apollonius standing in the midst of his army, he ran at him with the utmost fury, penetrating even to the middle of the camps, overthrowing all the strongest of the enemies to the right and to the left, just as a reaper casts down sheaves and ears of his harvest, and going to Apollonius he smote him and laid him low with his sword."
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12. AND JUDAS TOOK THE SWORD OF APOLLONIUS, AND HE FOUGHT WITH IT ALL HIS DAYS, — both because this sword, as belonging to so great a commander, was distinguished, great, strong and sharp; and as a sign of victory and a trophy. By divination. For when the temple of Apollo had been laid waste by Brennus, it is recorded that the Pythia made this happen from the oracle: Ἐμοὶ πατρῷον ταῦτα μὴ λέγε· φρουρήσω, "I will provide for this matter, and white maidens." White specters soon appeared to the army of the Gauls and utterly destroyed and overwhelmed it. But this was fabricated. Truly, however, Eusebius testifies in the Life of Constantine I, and in book IX of the History, cap. ix, that Constantine conquered in battles by the aid of God and by miracles evidently shown. With the Emperor Theodosius, John and St. Philip the Apostles openly fought against his enemies, as Theodoret and others testify. St. Bellarmine extensively treats the warfare and combat of the Saints for the faithful, lib. I de Beatitud. Sanct. cap. 18. Concerning Christ Jesus born, not however a simulacrum of him, Eusebius is a witness, l. 9 c. 9, where he says: "In this sign thou shalt conquer." The same is testified by Nicephorus lib. VII, cap. 28. St. Charles Borromaeus with his prayer, as with a sword, put to flight the army of heretics in Helvetia. For nothing so powerfully puts enemies to flight as the prayers of holy and pious men poured out to God, or the holy cross faithfully adored, or the confession of faith with invocation of Christ.
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13. AND SERON, PRINCE OF THE ARMY OF SYRIA, HEARD. This Seron was a commander, and as it were viceroy of all Syria. He envied Apollonius, and the battle and slaying of the commander by Judah, and therefore hoped that he would overcome Judah, and arrogate this glory to himself. But he fell to the same Judah.
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14. AND HE SAID: I WILL MAKE MYSELF A NAME, AND I WILL BE GLORIFIED IN THE KINGDOM, AND I WILL OVERCOME JUDAH, AND THOSE THAT ARE WITH HIM, WHO DESPISE THE WORD OF THE KING. — That is the command of King Antiochus, concerning the worship of Jupiter Olympius, and concerning the abolition of the worship of the true God. For this is what he adds:
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16. AND THEY CAME UNTO BETHHORON, — where once Joshua put to flight five kings of the Canaanites, Joshua x. Now Bethhoron was a city in the tribe of Ephraim, on the border of the tribe of Benjamin, on the boundary between Samaria and Judea. Whence it is clear that Seron burst forth from Syria through Samaria into Judea. Josephus adds in book XII of the Antiquities, chapter 11, that Seron had twenty thousand foot soldiers and a great force of cavalry. AND JUDAS WENT OUT TO MEET HIM WITH FEW — namely 800, as Josephus says in book XII of the Antiquities, chapter 11. Others think there were a thousand, others more; but they were certainly few in respect to the army of Seron. For by this fewness Judas deliberately and with confidence in God made use of it, so that he might more clearly declare God as the author of victory.
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17. NOW WHEN THEY SAW THE ARMY COMING TO MEET THEM, THEY SAID TO JUDAS: HOW SHALL WE BE ABLE, BEING FEW, TO FIGHT AGAINST SO GREAT A MULTITUDE AND SO STRONG, AND WE ARE WEARIED WITH FASTING THIS DAY? — For the Jews were fasting on that day; it was namely a day of fasting either ordinary according to the law, or extraordinary, which they had imposed upon themselves, as is evident from the end of this chapter. Note here two speeches of Judas to the soldiers, by which he raised up their spirits. The first is in verses 18, 19 and 20; the second in verses 21 and 22. THE FIRST SPEECH.
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18. AND JUDAS SAID: IT IS EASY FOR MANY TO BE SHUT UP IN THE HANDS OF FEW, — this is the first reason and argument of Judas, as if to say: It is not a new or unusual thing for few to fight with many and to conquer them, God helping: for many have often been shut up and conquered by few. AND THERE IS NO DIFFERENCE IN THE SIGHT OF GOD IN HEAVEN TO DELIVER WITH MANY, OR WITH FEW; — this is the second argument of Judas, namely that God is equally able through few to conquer enemies as through many. 19. FOR THE VICTORY OF BATTLE IS NOT IN THE MULTITUDE OF AN ARMY, BUT STRENGTH IS FROM HEAVEN. — This is the third reason, as if to say: Victory does not depend on the multitude or strength of an army, but on God sitting in heaven, who gives strength and victory to whom He will. The same is taught in Ecclesiastes 9. 11: "The race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, nor bread to the wise," etc. And Psalm 32: "A king is not saved by the multitude of an army, and a giant shall not be saved by the multitude of his strength." And II Paralipomenon 14, 10: "O Lord, there is no difference with Thee, whether Thou help with many, or with few; help us, O Lord our God." And I Kings xiv, 6: "It is not hard for the Lord to save, either with many, or with few." 20. THEY COME UNTO US IN THE MULTITUDE OF PRIDE AND INIQUITY, TO DESTROY US, AND OUR WIVES, AND OUR CHILDREN, AND TO SPOIL US; — this is the fourth reason, as if to say: The enemies fight for their pride, tyranny and avarice, that they may spoil us of our goods, wives and children: but we fight for our life, law and liberty, and that in defense of our God and His religion and worship; wherefore we shall have God fighting for us, as follows:
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THE SECOND SPEECH. 21. BUT WE FIGHT FOR OUR SOULS AND OUR LAWS; 22. AND THE LORD HIMSELF SHALL CRUSH THEM BEFORE OUR FACE; BUT YOU BE NOT AFRAID OF THEM. — This is the fifth reason, and the strength and conclusion of all, as if to say: God the Lord, for whose worship we fight, shall fight for us, and shall crush and prostrate our enemies; wherefore rush boldly upon them; for there is nothing which you should fear. For just as once God through Gideon with 300 soldiers destroyed the army of the Midianites, so also through us few shall He destroy the army of Seron. Judges chapter 7.
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23. AND AS HE CEASED SPEAKING, HE RUSHED UPON THEM SUDDENLY, AND SERON AND HIS ARMY WERE BROKEN IN HIS SIGHT; — Josephus says that as many as stood in the very entrance and straits of Bethhoron were all slain by him; but the rest, terrified by their overthrow, turned their backs and fled into the plains: Judas pursued them and slew very many in the flight. 24. AND HE PURSUED HIM IN THE DESCENT OF BETHHORON UNTO THE PLAIN, — For Bethhoron was situated on a mountain, and therefore the enemies fleeing from it into the plain, in the descent of the mountain, Judas pursued and laid them low. Gorionides says that the Jews rushed upon Seron in the descent of Bethhoron, and utterly prostrated him with his army. AND THERE FELL OF THEM EIGHT HUNDRED MEN, AND THE REST FLED INTO THE LAND OF THE PHILISTINES. — Josephus says that 800 fell, and the enemies fled to Antioch. But Gorionides says that very many fell, and the rest fled to Azotus of the Philistines.
3:25
25. AND THE FEAR OF JUDAS AND HIS BRETHREN FELL UPON THEM, AND DREAD UPON ALL THE NATIONS ROUND ABOUT THEM; 26. AND HIS NAME CAME TO THE KING, AND ALL NATIONS TOLD OF THE BATTLES OF JUDAS. — Namely, that so few had conquered so many; which thing seized all in admiration and astonishment.
3:27
27. NOW WHEN KING ANTIOCHUS HEARD THESE WORDS, HE WAS ANGRY IN HIS MIND, — namely because two of his commanders, Apollonius and Seron, had been defeated and slain by a small number of Jews with great armies. AND HE SENT AND GATHERED TOGETHER THE ARMY OF HIS WHOLE KINGDOM, VERY STRONG CAMPS; 28. AND HE OPENED HIS TREASURY, AND GAVE THE ARMY STIPENDS FOR A YEAR, AND COMMANDED THEM THAT THEY SHOULD BE READY FOR ALL THINGS. — Read the book of I Maccabees, chapter 3, from this verse 27 to 37, where these things are narrated at length. For Antiochus, having received the defeat of Apollonius and Seron, gathering together a great army and exhausting the treasury in stipends, was forced to go into Persia to collect tributes. But he left Lysias with half the army, that he might subdue Judea.
3:29
29. AND THE PLAGUE WHICH HE MADE IN THE LAND (in the provinces subject to him) TO TAKE AWAY THE LAWS, that is the laws and rites, and the religion of the nations handed down to them by their ancestors, which had been from the first days when the republics of those nations had been founded. For nothing turns peoples away from a king and incites them to sedition so much as the overthrow of ancestral laws and ancestral religion, and the institution of new ones, as Antiochus did, who abolished the gods of the Gentiles, and wished only himself and Jupiter Olympius to be worshipped. It was added that Asia subject to Antiochus Epiphanes from the time of his father Antiochus the Great, defeated by Scipio, paid tributes to the Romans and to Scipio.
3:46
46. Maspha. — This was a celebrated city of Benjamin and Judah, and there the Jews were summoned to public assemblies, and to public prayer, as Samuel summoned the people there, that he might renew the covenant of the people with God, I Kings vii, 5. There was another Maspha in the tribe of Gad, of which Judges xx, 29; another likewise in the tribe of Reuben, of which I Maccabees v, 35.
3:47
47. AND THEY FASTED THAT DAY, (until evening and the rising of the evening star after the manner of the Jews), AND THEY PUT ON SACKCLOTH, AND PUT ASHES UPON THEIR HEADS, AND TORE THEIR GARMENTS. — These were the rites of those mourning and doing penance among the Jews, by which they humbled themselves before God, and performed public prayer, the rites of those mourning.
3:48
48. Concerning which the Gentiles searched out the likeness of their idols; — we explain: The Maccabees here show that they care not for their own things, but for God's, and are moved by zeal for His religion and worship, so that they almost compel God to bring aid, not so much to their people, as to themselves and to their own religion and worship. Wherefore their serious and sincere prayer was efficacious, and bent God to succor them. In like manner let us also pray, and we shall likewise bend God.
3:49
49. AND THEY RAISED UP THE NAZARITES, WHO HAD FULFILLED THEIR DAYS — of their Nazarite vow; for when the days of the vow were completed, the Nazarites were bound to present themselves to God in the temple, and there to offer the sacrifices prescribed by God, Numbers vi. See the things said there. Moreover, the Nazarites were as it were the religious of that age, who had dedicated and consecrated themselves to God, and therefore let their hair grow, and abstained from wine and strong drink. Wherefore they here bring them forth, and present them to God, that God might protect them as His own and consecrated to Himself against Antiochus and Lysias.
3:50
50. AND THEY CRIED OUT WITH A LOUD VOICE TO HEAVEN SAYING: WHAT SHALL WE DO WITH THESE, AND WHITHER SHALL WE LEAD THEM? — if Lysias capture us and subject all Judea, as well as Jerusalem and the temple, to himself, and fill them with his idols and idolaters, with thy veneration and worship cut away; for as follows:
3:51
51. AND THY HOLY THINGS, (the altars, vessels and all the places of the temple profaned by the satellites of Antiochus), ARE TRODDEN DOWN AND DEFILED. AND THY PRIESTS ARE MADE IN MOURNING, — both in the active sense; for the priests mourn that they can no longer exercise the priesthood, but are driven into exile by Antiochus, and are despoiled of their oblations, from which they lived: and in the passive sense, because the people mourn the mournful state of their priests, and that they are destitute of them, so that through them they cannot sacrifice to God, and be instructed by them in the law of God. AND IN HUMILIATION, — for where priests are humiliated and despised, there likewise sacrifices, law, piety, the worship of God, and the faithful and pious people themselves are despised.
3:54
54. AND WITH TRUMPETS THEY CRIED OUT WITH A LOUD VOICE, — that both with voice and with trumpets resounding to heaven they might implore God's aid with the loudest cries.
3:55
55. And after these things (because after divine aids human ones must also be employed; for God does not help except those who strive and work together, and do all that duty and prudence require) JUDAS APPOINTED CAPTAINS OF THE PEOPLE, — namely his brothers Jonathan, Joseph and Simon. See II Maccabees viii, 22, where Judas, drawing up the line of battle, divides it into four ranks, and sets one of his brothers as captain over each, so that each should lead 1400 soldiers under the standards, and Judas himself as the fourth the same number, that is, in all six thousand.
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56. AND HE SAID TO THOSE WHO WERE BUILDING HOUSES, etc., AND TO THE FEARFUL THAT THEY SHOULD RETURN HOME, — lest they spread their fear to their fellow soldiers, and this according to the law of Deuteronomy chapter xx, 4. See the things said there.
3:58
58. Gird yourselves (with swords, arms and other apparatus of war), AND BE YE MIGHTY SONS. — In Hebrew בני חיל anse chail, that is, men of valor, that is, strenuous, courageous, strong.
3:59
59. FOR IT IS BETTER FOR US TO DIE IN BATTLE, THAN TO SEE THE EVILS OF OUR NATION AND OF THE HOLY THINGS, — that is, of holy things, such as the temple, altars, priests, etc. For it is a glorious death to fall fighting for the faith, law and God, as if to say: Let us fight courageously, for either we shall conquer, and thus triumph over the enemy; or we shall be conquered, and thus be honored by a glorious death.
3:60
60. BUT AS THE WILL SHALL BE IN HEAVEN, SO LET IT BE DONE, — whether we conquer, or are conquered and die gloriously, as God shall will, as if to say: Howsoever the fortune of war shall fall, it shall fall well, because it shall fall from the will of God, than which nothing is better. Whether therefore we conquer or are conquered, we shall fulfill the will of God, than which nothing more excellent can be wished or desired. Note here the fortitude, piety, and resignation of Judas to the will of God, by which he obtained God's grace and victory for himself and his people. Let princes and commanders of war imitate him, if they desire to obtain similar victory and to be favored by God.
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
3:1
Maccabees (Greek Μακκαβαῖοι, Vulgate Machabaei)
… Mattathias was buried at Modin (ibid. 2, 49-70; 3, 1-9).
3:4
… He was killed in 166 B.C. by Judas Maccabeus (I Macc. 3, 4-12; II Macc. 4, 4-21).
3:10
Maccabees (Greek Μακκαβαῖοι, Vulgate Machabaei)
… The first victory was in the mountains of Ephraim, against the general Apollonius who was coming from Samaria to the aid of Philip, commander of the Acra (ibid. 3, 10-12). When the general Seron hastened from Coele-Syria to repair the defeat, Judas beat him in the narrow gorge of Beth-horon (Bejt 'Ur el-Foqā; ibid. 3, 13-26). Antiochus, who was preparing …
3:13
Maccabees (Greek Μακκαβαῖοι, Vulgate Machabaei)
… general Apollonius who was coming from Samaria to the aid of Philip, commander of the Acra (ibid. 3, 10-12). When the general Seron hastened from Coele-Syria to repair the defeat, Judas beat him in the narrow gorge of Beth-horon (Bejt 'Ur el-Foqā; ibid. 3, 13-26). Antiochus, who was preparing to set out to war against the Parthians, informed of the Jewish situation, ordered his lieutenant Lysias to restore order and put an end to the rebellion …
3:24
Shephelah (Heb. Haš-Šephēlāh "Lowland")
… Haš-Šephēlāh "Lowland"). - Term (often translated by the Septuagint as ἡ πεδινὴ [τῆ] = Vulgate campestris [terra], or τὸ πεδίον = campus), which designates in the geography of Palestine (Deut. 1:7; Josh. 11:2; 1 Macc. 3:24) the zone of hills that extends from the south, Lachish and Eglon, as far as the plain of
3:27
Maccabees (Greek Μακκαβαῖοι, Vulgate Machabaei)
… the narrow gorge of Beth-horon (Bejt 'Ur el-Foqā; ibid. 3, 13-26). Antiochus, who was preparing to set out to war against the Parthians, informed of the Jewish situation, ordered his lieutenant Lysias to restore order and put an end to the rebellion (ibid. 3, 27-37).
3:31
The Jewish revolt having become threatening, A., engaged in the unfortunate enterprise against the Parthians (I Macc. 3:31), entrusted the war in Judaea to Lysias. …
… When Antiochus IV Epiphanes (v.) set out for the war against the Parthians (1 Macc. 3:31-33), he left L. at Antioch as regent and guardian of his minor son, who later became Antiochus V. He was also ordered to put down the rebellion of the Maccabees (v.). …
3:34
… After these were defeated (1 Macc. 3:34-4:25) by Judas Maccabeus, L. undertook
3:38
GORGIAS. - General of the court of Antiochus IV Epiphanes (1 Macc. 3:38). In the third campaign against Judas (166 B.C.), Ptolemy held the supreme command; Gorgias, together with the commander-in-chief Nicanor, was at the head of the army: 40,000 foot …
Maccabees (Greek Μακκαβαῖοι, Vulgate Machabaei)
… Judas then turned back to prepare to face Gorgias, who however refused battle and withdrew into Philistia (I Mach. 3, 38-4, 25; II Mach. 8, 8-29; 34-36). Lysias then intervened directly at the head of a great army and, following the coast, sought, through a friendly country, to reach the heights that …
NICANOR. - Syrian general, son of Patroclus, elephantarch and then commander-in-chief of the army of the Seleucid kings (I Macc. 3:38; 7:26-47; II Macc. 8; 14-15). In 165 B.C., together with Gorgias and Ptolemy son of Dorymenes, he received from Antiochus IV Epiphanes (175-163 B.C.) the task of suppressing the revolt …
3:39
Maccabees (Greek Μακκαβαῖοι, Vulgate Machabaei)
An army of 40,000 foot soldiers and 7,000 horsemen, according to I Mach. 3, 39 (only 20,000 according to II Mach. 8, 9) under the command of Nicanor, to whom Gorgias had been added as an expert military man, encamped at Emmaus ('Amwās) in the Shephelah. …
3:40
EMMAUS. - 1. A city famous in the history of the Maccabees (1 Macc. 3:40; 4:3; 9:50), capital of a toparchy in 47 B.C. (Fl. Josephus, Bell. …
3:41
II. SLAVERY IN THE BIBLE. - Among the ancient Hebrews, as among other peoples, prisoners of war fed the slave market in a particular way (I Sam. 30:3; Am. 1:9; Ez. 27:13; I Mach. 3:41). Moreover, all the children of a slave were considered the property of the master (Ex. 21:4). An Israelite could not be sold as a slave to foreigners; indeed, he should never have …
3:44
… the Old Testament (Ps. 4, 4; 11, 2 etc.; Prov. 2, 8; Mic. 7, 2, etc.); in the 2nd century B.C. it designates the adherents of a strong group made up of the best of the Jewish people, devoted to the strictest observance of the Mosaic law (I Macc. 2, 42; 3, 44; 7, 13 ff.) for which they suffered and fought even with arms. …
3:49
… 44:30). No offering is so attested and recommended as this one of the first fruits (I Sam. 2:29; II Chron. 31:5: Hezekiah restores it to honor; Neh. 10:36: it is resumed after the exile; Ez. 44:30; Mal. 3:8; Tob. 1:6; Prov. 3:9; Ezel. 7:34 [31]; 35:10; I Mach. 3:49). Later rabbis, basing themselves on Deut. 8:8, determined the offering of the first fruits in the seven common fruits of Palestine: wheat, barley, grapes, figs, pomegranate, oil and honey. …
… Iud., II, 15, 1). This latter case is regulated by the law of Num. 6, in which the abstinences recalled above are prescribed (cf. also Am. 2:11-12) and the rites are indicated (always considered a solemn cultic manifestation: cf. 1 Macc. 3:49) on the occasion of the completion of the time of the vow (Am. 2:13 ff.).
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.