Absalom’s policy and conspiracy. David is obliged to flee.
Absalom getteth fauour of the people, 7. and conspireth in Hebron agaynst his father. 14. VVho fleeing, 19. With difficultie permitteth Ethai a stranger to goe with him: 24. but sendeth Sadoc, and other priestes and leuites with the arke back into the citie. 31. Sendeth Chusat to defeate Achitophels counsel.
1Now after these things Absalom made himself chariots, and horsemen, and fifty men to run before him.Dopo di ciò Assalonne si procurò de' cocchi, e dei cavalieri, e cinquanta uomini, che andavano innanzi a lui.THEREFORE after these thinges Absalom made him self chariotes, and horsemen, and fiftie men, that should goe before him.Igitur post hæc fecit sibi Absalom currus, et equites, et quinquaginta viros qui præcederent eum. 2And Absalom rising up early stood by the entrance of the gate, and when any man had business to come to the king’s judgment, Absalom called him to him, and said: Of what city art thou? He answered, and said: Thy servant is of such tribe of Israel.E la mattina levatosi Assalonne si metteva vicino all'ingresso della porta, e tutti coloro che avevano affari, e venivano a chiedere giustizia al re, li chiamava a sé Assalonne, e diceva: Di qual città se' tu? E quegli rispondeva: Io tuo servo sono della tal tribù d'Israele.And Absalom rising early, stoode beside the entrance of the gate, and euerie man that had busines to the kinges iudgement, did Absalom cal to him, and sayd: Of what citie art thou? Who answering sayd: Of such a tribe of Israel am I thy seruant.Et mane consurgens Absalom, stabat juxta introitum portæ, et omnem virum qui habebat negotium ut veniret ad regis judicium, vocabat Absalom ad se, et dicebat: De qua civitate es tu ? Qui respondens aiebat: Ex una tribu Israël ego sum servus tuus. 3And Absalom answered him: Thy words seem to me good and just. But there is no man appointed by the king to hear thee. And Absalom said:E Assalonne gli rispondeva: Mi pare che tu dica bene, e abbi ragione: ma non havvi chi sia destinato dal re per sentirti. E soggiungeva Assalonne:And Absalom answered him: Thy wordes seeme vnto me good and iust. But there is none to heare thee appointed of the king. And Absalom sayd:Respondebatque ei Absalom: Videntur mihi sermones tui boni et justi, sed non est qui te audiat constitutus a rege. Dicebatque Absalom: 4O that they would make me judge over the land, that all that have business might come to me, that I might do them justice.Oh chi mi facesse giudice del paese, affinchè a me ricorressero tutti quelli che hanno affari, e io li potessi decidere secondo giustizia?Oh who would appoint me iudge ouer the land, that al might come to me which haue busines, and I might iudge iustly?Quis me constituat judicem super terram, ut ad me veniant omnes qui habent negotium, et juste judicem ? 5Moreover when any man came to him to salute him, he put forth his hand, and took him, and kissed him.Oltre a ciò, quando alcuno andava a salutarlo, egli porgevagli la mano, e lo abbracciava, e lo baciava.Yea and when a man came vnto him to salute him, he put forth his hand, and taking him, kyssed him.Sed et cum accederet ad eum homo ut salutaret illum, extendebat manum suam, et apprehendens osculabatur eum.
6And this he did to all Israel that came for judgment, to be heard by the king, and he enticed the hearts of the men of Israel.Così faceva con tutti quei d'Israele che venivano per esser sentiti, e giudicati dal re; e si caparrava il cuore degli uomini d'Israele.And this did he to al Israel coming for iudgement, to be heard of the king, and he intised the hartes of the men of Israel.Faciebatque hoc omni Israël venienti ad judicium ut audiretur a rege, et sollicitabat corda virorum Israël. 7And after forty years, Absalom said to king David: Let me go, and pay my vows which I have vowed to the Lord in Hebron.Ma passato il quarantesimo anno disse Assalonne al re David: Io andrò, e adempirò in Hebron i voti fatti da me al Signore.And after fourtie yeares, Absalom sayd to king Dauid: Let me goe, and pay my vowes which I haue vowed to our Lord in Hebron.Post quadraginta autem annos, dixit Absalom ad regem David: Vadam, et reddam vota mea quæ vovi Domino in Hebron. 8For thy servant made a vow, when he was in Gessur of Syria, saying: If the Lord shall bring me again into Jerusalem, I will offer sacrifice to the Lord.Perocchè il tuo servo essendo a Gessur nella Siria, fece questo voto, e disse: Se il Signore mi farà tornare a Gerusalemme, offrirò sagrifizio al Signore.For thy seruant vowing did vow, when he was in Gessur of Syria, saying: If our Lord wil bring me againe into Ierusalem, I wil sacrifice to our Lord.Vovens enim vovit servus tuus cum esset in Gessur Syriæ, dicens: Si reduxerit me Dominus in Jerusalem, sacrificabo Domino. 9And king David said to him: Go in peace. And he arose, and went to Hebron.E il re David gli disse: Va in pace. E quegli partì e andò in Hebron.And king Dauid sayd to him: Goe in peace. And he arose, and went into Hebron.Dixitque ei rex David: Vade in pace. Et surrexit, et abiit in Hebron. 10And Absalom sent spies into all the tribes of Israel, saying: As soon as you shall hear the sound of the trumpet, say ye: Absalom reigneth in Hebron.Ma Assalonne mandò emissarii in tutte le tribù d'Israele che dicessero: Subito che udirete il suono della tromba, direte: Assalonne regna già in Hebron.And Absalom sent spies into al the tribes of Israel, saying: forthwith as you shal heare the sound of the trumpet, sav ye: Absalom reigneth in Hebron.Misit autem Absalom exploratores in universas tribus Israël, dicens: Statim ut audieritis clangorem buccinæ, dicite: Regnavit Absalom in Hebron. 11Now there went with Absalom two hundred men out of Jerusalem that were called, going with simplicity of heart, and knowing nothing of the design.Or con Assalonne erano andati da Gerusalemme dugento uomini invitati (da lui) i quali lo seguirono con semplicità di cuore e senza sapere niente de' suoi fini.Moreouer with Absalom there went two hundred men out of Ierusalem being called, going with a simple hart, and vtterly ignorant of the cause.Porro cum Absalom ierunt ducenti viri de Jerusalem vocati, euntes simplici corde, et causam penitus ignorantes.
12Absalom also sent for Achitophel the Gilonite, David’s counsellor, from his city Gilo. And while he was offering sacrifices, there was a strong conspiracy, and the people running together increased with Absalom.Assalonne invitò parimente Achitophel Gilonita consigliere di David dalla sua città di Gilo. E nel tempo ch'egli stava immolando vittime, si formava una possente congiura, e cresceva il numero della gente, che correva in folla verso Assalonne.Absalom also sent for Achitophel the Gilonite, Dauids counseler, from his citie Gilo. And when he immolated victimes, there was made a strong conspiracie, and the people running together increased with Absalom.Accersivit quoque Absalom Achitophel Gilonitem consiliarium David, de civitate sua Gilo. Cumque immolaret victimas, facta est conjuratio valida, populusque concurrens augebatur cum Absalom. 13And there came a messenger to David, saying: All Israel with their whole heart followeth Absalom.Venne pertanto a Davidde un messo, che disse: Tutto Israele si è dato di tutto cuore a seguire Assalonne,A messenger therefore came to Dauid, saying: Al Israel with al their hart foloweth Absalom.Venit igitur nuntius ad David, dicens: Toto corde universus Israël sequitur Absalom. 14And David said to his servants, that were with him in Jerusalem: Arise and let us flee: for we shall not escape else from the face of Absalom: make haste to go out, lest he come and overtake us, and bring ruin upon us, and smite the city with the edge of the sword.E David disse a' suoi servi, che eran con lui in Gerusalemme: Orsù fuggiamo, perocché non avrem luogo di scampo, quando sia venuto Assalonne: affrettatevi a partire, affinchè col suo arrivo non ci prevenga, e porti rovine sopra di noi, e metta a fil di spada la gente della città.And Dauid said to his seruantes, that were with him in Ierusalem: Arise let vs flee: for there wil be no escape for vs from the face of Absolom: make hast to goe out, lest coming perhaps he ouertake vs, and force ruine vpon vs, and strike the citie in the edge of the sword.Et ait David servis suis qui erant cum eo in Jerusalem: Surgite, fugiamus: neque enim erit nobis effugium a facie Absalom: festinate egredi, ne forte veniens occupet nos, et impellat super nos ruinam, et percutiat civitatem in ore gladii. 15And the king’s servants said to him: Whatsoever our lord the king shall command, we thy servants will willingly execute.Dissero i servi del re a lui: Tutto quel che ci comanderà il re nostro Signore, sarà eseguito di buona voglia da noi tuoi servi.And the kinges seruantes said to him: al thinges whatsoeuer our lord the king shal command, we thy seruantes wil gladly execute.Dixeruntque servi regis ad eum: Omnia quæcumque præceperit dominus noster rex, libenter exequemur servi tui.
16And the king went forth, and all his household on foot: and the king left ten women his concubines to keep the house:Partì adunque il re a piedi con tutta la sua famiglia, e lasciò dieci concubine a custodire il palazzo.The king therefore went forth, and al his house on foote: & the king leift ten wemen his concubines to keepe the house.Egressus est ergo rex et universa domus ejus pedibus suis: et dereliquit rex decem mulieres concubinas ad custodiendam domum. 17And the king going forth and all Israel on foot, stood afar off from the house:E il re, e tutto Israele uscirono a piedi, ed essendo già lungi dalla casa, egli si fermò:And the king going forth & al Israel on their feete, stoode farre from the house:Egressusque rex et omnis Israël pedibus suis, stetit procul a domo: 18And all his servants walked by him, and the bands of the Cerethi, and the Phelethi, and all the Gethites, valiant warriors, six hundred men who had followed him from Geth on foot, went before the king.E tutti i suoi servi facevano il viaggio presso a lui, e le legioni di Gerethi, e di Phelethi, e tutti i Gethei, guerrieri di valore, in numero di seicento uomini, i quali lo avean seguito da Geth, camminavano a piedi dinanzi a lui,and al his seruantes walked by him, and the legions Cerethi, and Phelethi and al the Getheites, valiant warriers, six hundred men which had folowed him from Geth footemen, went before the king.et universi servi ejus ambulabant juxta eum, et legiones Cerethi, et Phelethi, et omnes Gethæi, pugnatores validi, sexcenti viri qui secuti eum fuerant de Geth pedites, præcedebant regem. 19And the king said to Ethai the Gethite: Why comest thou with us: return and dwell with the king, for thou art a stranger, and art come out of thy own place.Ma il re disse ad Ethai di Geth: Perchè vieni tu con noi? Torna indietro, e statti col re, essendo tu forestiero, e uscito dal tuo paese.And the king said to Ethai the Getheite: Why comest thou with vs? returne and dwel with the king, because thou art a stranger, and art come forth out of thy place.Dixit autem rex ad Ethai Gethæum: Cur venis nobiscum ? revertere, et habita cum rege, quia peregrinus es, et egressus es de loco tuo. 20Yesterday thou camest, and to day shalt thou be forced to go forth with us? but I shall go whither I am going: return thou, and take back thy brethren with thee, and the Lord will shew thee mercy, and truth, because thou hast shewn grace and fidelity.Jeri tu se' arrivata, e oggi sarai costretto a partire con noi? quanto a me io andrò, dove debbo andare: torna indietro, e riconduci teco i tuoi fratelli, e il Signore sarà misericordioso, e fedele con te, perchè tu hai dimostrata la tua gratitudine, e lealtà.Yesterday thou camest, and to day shalt thou be forced to goe forth with vs? but I wil goe whither I shal goe: returne, and leade backe thy brethren with thee, and our Lord wil doe with thee mercie, and veritie, because thou hast shewed grace and fidelitie.Heri venisti, et hodie compelleris nobiscum egredi ? ego autem vadam quo iturus sum: revertere, et reduc tecum fratres tuos, et Dominus faciet tecum misericordiam et veritatem, quia ostendisti gratiam et fidem.
21And Ethai answered the king, saying: As the Lord liveth, and as my lord the king liveth: in what place soever thou shalt be, my lord, O king, either in death, or in life, there will thy servant be.Ma Ethai rispose al re: Viva il Signore, e viva il re mio padrone: in qualunque luogo sarai tu, o re signor mio, ivi sarà o vivo, o morto il tuo servo.And Ethai answered the king, saying: The Lord liueth, and my lord the king liueth: for that in what place soeuer thou shalt be, my lord king, either in death, or in life, there wil thy seruant be.Et respondit Ethai regi dicens: Vivit Dominus, et vivit dominus meus rex, quoniam in quocumque loco fueris, domine mi rex, sive in morte, sive in vita, ibi erit servus tuus. 22And David said to Ethai: Come, and pass over. And Ethai the Gethite passed, and all the men that were with him, and the rest of the people.E David disse ad Ethai: Vieni, e passa. E passò Ethai Getheo, e tutta la gente che era con lui, e tutta l'altra moltitudine.And Dauid said to Ethai: Come, and passe. And Ethai the Getheite passed, and al the men that were with him, and the rest of the multitude.Et ait David Ethai: Veni, et transi. Et transivit Ethai Gethæus, et omnes viri qui cum eo erant, et reliqua multitudo. 23And they all wept with a loud voice, and all the people passed over: the king also himself went over the brook Cedron, and all the people marched towards the way that looketh to the desert.E tutti piangevano, e singhiozzavano forte: e passò tutto il popolo, ed anche il re passò il torrente Cedron: e tutta la gente s'incamminò per la strada, che mena al deserto.And they al wept with alowd voice, and al the people passed: the king also went ouer the Torrent Cedron, and al the people marched against the way, that looketh to the desert.Omnesque flebant voce magna, et universus populus transibat: rex quoque transgrediebatur torrentem Cedron, et cunctus populus incedebat contra viam quæ respicit ad desertum. 24And Sadoc the priest also came, and all the Levites with him carrying the ark of the covenant of God, and they set down the ark of God: and Abiathar went up, till all the people that was come out of the city had done passing.Venne anche Sadoc sommo sacerdote, e con lui tutti i Leviti, che portavan l'arca del testamento di Dio, e deposero l'arca di Dio: e Abiathar le andò appresso aspettando che finisse di passar tutto il popolo, che era uscito dalla città.And Sadoc also the priest came, and al the Leuites with him carying the arke of the couenant of God, and they sette downe the arke of God: & Abiathar ascended, til al the people was fully passed, which was come forth of the citie.Venit autem et Sadoc sacerdos, et universi Levitæ cum eo, portantes arcam fœderis Dei: et deposuerunt arcam Dei. Et ascendit Abiathar, donec expletus esset omnis populus qui egressus fuerat de civitate.
25And the king said to Sadoc: Carry back the ark of God into the city: if I shall find grace in the sight of the Lord, he will bring me again, and he will shew me it, and his tabernacle.Ma il re disse a Sadoc: Riporta in città l'arca di Dio: se io troverò grazia negli occhi del Signore, egli mi rimenerà, e farammi vedere e questa, e il suo tabernacolo.And the king sayd to Sadoc: Cary backe the Arke of God into the citie: if I shal finde grace in the sight of my Lord, he wil bring me agayne, and wil show me it, and his tabernacle.Et dixit rex ad Sadoc: Reporta arcam Dei in urbem: si invenero gratiam in oculis Domini, reducet me, et ostendet mihi eam, et tabernaculum suum. 26But if he shall say to me: Thou pleasest me not: I am ready, let him do that which is good before him.Ma se egli mi dirà. Non ti voglio: io son preparato, faccia egli quello che a lui piace.But if he shal say to me: Thou pleasest me not: I am readie, let him doe that which is good before him.Si autem dixerit mihi: Non places: præsto sum: faciat quod bonum est coram se. 27And the king said to Sadoc the priest: O seer, return into the city in peace: and let Achimaas thy son, and Jonathan the son of Abiathar, your two sons, be with you.E soggiunse il re a Sadoc sommo sacerdote: Torna in pace alla città, o Veggente: e Achimaas tuo figliuolo, e Gionata figliuolo di Abiathar, due vostri figliuoli, sieno con voi.And the king sayd to Sadoc the priest: O seer returne into the citie in peace: and Achimaas thy sonne, and Ionathas the sonne of Abiathar, your two sonnes let them be with you.Et dixit rex ad Sadoc sacerdotem: O videns, revertere in civitatem in pace: et Achimaas filius tuus, et Jonathas filius Abiathar, duo filii vestri, sint vobiscum. 28Behold I will lie hid in the plains of the wilderness, till there come word from you to certify me.Ecco che io vo a nascondermi nelle pianure del deserto, sino a tanto che altre nuove mi vengano da voi.Behold I wil be hid in the champayne of the desert, til there come word from you aduertising me.Ecce ego abscondar in campestribus deserti, donec veniat sermo a vobis indicans mihi. 29So Sadoc and Abiathar carried back the ark of God into Jerusalem: and they tarried there.Sadoc adunque, e Abiathar riportarono l'arca di Dio in Gerusalemme, e ivi si stettero.Sadoc therefore and Abiathar caryed backe the Arke of God into Ierusalem: and they taried there.Reportaverunt ergo Sadoc et Abiathar arcam Dei in Jerusalem, et manserunt ibi. 30But David went up by the ascent of mount Olivet, going up and weeping, walking barefoot, and with his head covered, and all the people that were with them, went up with their heads covered weeping.Or Davidde saliva il colle degli ulivi, e lo saliva piangendo, e camminava a piedi ignudi, col capo coperto: e parimente tutto il popolo che era con lui, saliva col capo coperto, e piangendo.Moreouer Dauid went vp mount Oliuet, climbing & weeping, going bare foote, and his head couered, yea and al the people which was with him, their head couered went vp weeping.Porro David ascendebat clivum Olivarum, scandens et flens, nudis pedibus incedens, et operto capite: sed et omnis populus qui erat cum eo, operto capite ascendebat plorans.
31And it was told David that Achitophel also was in the conspiracy with Absalom, and David said: Infatuate, O Lord, I beseech thee, the counsel of Achitophel.E fu riferito a Davidde, come anche Achitophel era entrato nella congiura di Assalonne; e disse David; Signore, infatua, ti prego, i consigli di Achitophel.And it was told Dauid that Achitophel also was in the conspiracie with Absalom, and Dauid sayd: Infatuare o Lord I besech thee, the counsel of Achitophel.Nuntiatum est autem David quod et Achitophel esset in conjuratione cum Absalom: dixitque David: Infatua, quæso, Domine, consilium Achitophel. 32And when David was come to the top of the mountain, where he was about to adore the Lord, behold Chusai the Arachite, came to meet him with his garment rent and his head covered with earth.E mentre Davidde stava per arrivare alla vetta del monte, in cui voleva adorare il Signore, sopraggiunse ad un tratto presso di lui Chusai di Arachi colla veste stracciata, e il capo coperto di polvere.And when Dauid went vp to the toppe of the mount, wherein he would adore our Lord, behold there mette him Chusai the Arachite, his garment rent and his head ful of earth.Cumque ascenderet David summitatem montis in quo adoraturus erat Dominum, ecce occurrit ei Chusai Arachites, scissa veste, et terra pleno capite. 33And David said to him: If thou come with me, thou wilt be a burden to me:E Davidde gli disse: Se tu vieni con me, mi sarai di peso.And Dauid sayd to him: If thou come with me, thou shalt be a burden to me:Et dixit ei David: Si veneris mecum, eris mihi oneri: 34But if thou return into the city, and wilt say to Absalom: I am thy servant, O king: as I have been thy father’s servant, so I will be thy servant: thou shalt defeat the counsel of Achitophel.Ma se tornerai in città, e dirai ad Assalonne: Io, o re, son tuo servo: come ho servito al padre tuo, così servirò a te: tu dissiperai i disegni di Achitophel.but if thou returne into the citie, and wilt say to Absalom: I am thy seruant, o king: as I haue beene thy fathers seruant, so I wil be thy seruant: thou shalt defeate the counsel of Achitophel.si autem in civitatem revertaris, et dixeris Absalom: Servus tuus sum, rex: sicut fui servus patris tui, sic ero servus tuus: dissipabis consilium Achitophel. 35And thou hast with thee Sadoc, and Abiathar the priests: and what thing soever thou shalt hear out of the king’s house, thou shalt tell it to Sadoc and Abiathar the priests.E tu avrai con te Sadoc, e Abiathar sacerdoti, e tutto quello che sentirai dirsi in casa del re, lo farai sapere a Sadoc, e ad Abiathar sacerdoti.And thou hast with thee Sadoch, and Abiathar the priests: and euery word whatsoeuer thou shalt heare from out of the kinges house, thou shalt tel Sadoc, and Abiathar the priestes.Habes autem tecum Sadoc et Abiathar sacerdotes: et omne verbum quodcumque audieris de domo regis, indicabis Sadoc et Abiathar sacerdotibus.
36And there are with them their two sons Achimaas; the son of Sadoc, and Jonathan the son of Abiathar: and you shall send by them to me every thing that you shall hear.E sono con essi due loro figliuoli, Achimaas figliuolo di Sadoc, e Gionata figliuolo di Abiathar, e per essi mi darete notizia di tutto quello che saprete.And there are with them their two sonnes Achimaas the sonne of Sadoc, and Ionathas the sonne of Abiathar: and you shal send by them vnto me euery word whatsoeuer you shal heare.Sunt autem cum eis duo filii eorum Achimaas filius Sadoc, et Jonathas filius Abiathar: et mittetis per eos ad me omne verbum quod audieritis. 37Then Chusai the friend of David went into the city, and Absalom came into Jerusalem.Or nel punto, in cui Chusai amico di David arrivò in città Assalonne ancora arrivò in Gerusalemme.Chusai therefore the frend of Dauid coming into the citie, Absalom also entred into Ierusalem.Veniente ergo Chusai amico David in civitatem, Absalom quoque ingressus est Jerusalem.
15:1
Year of the World 2980, Year before Christ 1024.
Calmet
Before him. Romulus instituted the 300 guards, whom he called Celeres, for the like purpose. (Calmet)
Salien
Absalom's ambition could not wait patiently for the death of his father, who was not yet sixty years old, and had been first anointed forty years before, ver. 7. He looked upon himself as the heir apparent, Amnon being now slain, and Cheliab (or Daniel) either dead, as it is thought, or unfit for government, while Solomon was only eight years old. (Salien)
Calmet
The quality of his mother, and his own personal qualifications, made him despise his brethren, and he began to assume the equipage of a king. (Calmet)
Salien
David considered this as only the effect of juvenile vanity, and he had not a mind to irritate him, without the utmost necessity. (Salien)
Haydock
Hebrew, "Absalom prepared for himself a chariot, (Protestants, chariots) and horses," etc. (Haydock)
Calmet
It is not certain whether he had any other horsemen but those who mounted the chariots. Horses were then very scarce in Israel. (Calmet)
Adonias afterwards imitated his brother's ambition, during his father's life; (3 Kings 1:5.) so that evil was continually raised up against David, out of his own house, 2 Kings 12:11.
15:2
Haydock
Israel. Absalom rises early for wickedness. He assumes the character of a most zealous and disinterested judge, as if to contrast his conduct with the remissness of some appointed by the king; though the Holy Ghost bears witness to the integrity of David, 2 Kings 8:15. Who would not be deceived by such appearances, if the arts of hypocrites had not taught us to examine things to the bottom, and to be upon our guard? If thy eye be evil, thy whole body will be darksome. [Matthew 6:23.] The intention decides all. (Haydock)
15:5
Haydock
Kissed him. Engaging affability! How often abused by the ambitious, for similar purposes! (Haydock)
Tacitus
Thus acted Otho. Protendens manum, adorare vulgus, jacere oscula et omnia serviliter pro dominatione. (Tacitus, Hist. i.)
Haydock
"Stretching out his hand, he bowed to the common people, dispensed his kisses at random, and performed all the acts of servility to obtain the throne." (Haydock)
15:6
Calmet
Enticed. Hebrew, "stole." The people were not aware of his designs. (Calmet)
Haydock
Absalom rendered them dissatisfied with the present government, and led them to expect better days, under his administration. (Haydock)
15:7
Menochius
Forty, which Vatable dates from the time when the people petitioned for a king; Salien, from the first anointing of David. (Menochius)
Calmet
It is probable enough that this number has been substituted instead of four, which Josephus, Theodoret, Syriac, Arabic, and many Latin manuscripts read; and Absalom would employ this term in securing the interest of Israel, before he declared himself openly their king. (Calmet)
Salien
He had been so long at Jerusalem, since his return. (Salien)
Kennicott
The canon of Hebrew verity, supposed to be made about the ninth century, is said (by Martinnay; Haydock) to be altered by some correcting hand, from four to forty. (Kennicott)
Kennicott
This is the famous Memmian canon, which Theodulph, bishop of Orleans, is believed to have ordered, as the standard of truth, according to the Hebrew copies of that day: (Haydock) and this seems to have guided the Ben. editor of St. Jerome's works, and of his translation; so that it is no wonder if "the printed copies agree in so many places with the corrupted Hebrew." Canon Memmianus purè leget juxta Hebraeum, quod nos edidimus. (Note on 2 Paralipomenon 13:3, 17.) The Vulgate of Sixtus V, in that passage, as well as in the present, reads the smaller numbers, as he was guided by the best Latin copies, whereas Clement VIII has also consulted "the Hebrew fountains." The former, says Kennicott, (Diss. 2:p. 205) "seems to have been printed on a juster plan....and the old Latin version is likely to be found more pure in the edition of Sixtus than in that of Clement, since the latter seems to have corrected his Latin by the modern (i.e., the corrupted) Hebrew copies." Dr. James observes, that "almost all the Latin editions received in the Church, for many years, (preceding 1590) agree with Sixtus," who here reads quatuor, with many others; so that Grotius is well supported in having pronounced so decisively, "without doubt there is a mistake, two letters having been added at the end of arbá. The thing itself declares that four years had elapsed." (Kennicott)
Haydock
It appears to be indubitable, that some mistakes have taken place with regard to numbers. But that this place is incorrect may not be so certain, as the chronology of Salien, Usher, etc., explains it well enough. The Hebrew text was esteemed more correct when the last editions of St. Jerome, and of the Vulgate, were given, than it is at present. (Haydock)
15:8
15:10
Haydock
Spies, or men to give a plausible appearance to his ambition, and to insinuate that all was done according to order, and with David's approbation. "The first word (or step) is the most difficult," on such occasions; (Tacitus, Hist. ii.; Grotius) and those who find themselves incautiously entangled, find a repugnance to recede. (Haydock)
Menochius
Reigneth. He was solemnly anointed, 2 Kings 19:10. (Menochius)
15:11
Calmet
Design. Their hearts had been stolen, ver. 6. They only meant to do honour to the prince, but by no means to join in his rebellion, like the rest. (Calmet)
15:12
Calmet
Achitophel, the grandfather of Bethsabee; to revenge whose dishonour, he had instigated the young prince to revolt, and had planned his rebellion; (Salien) so that he was every ready to lend his assistance. (Calmet)
15:13
Grotius
Absalom. How came they to abandon a king, appointed by heaven, and adorned with so many virtues? God was resolved to punish him. Many are always desirous of novelty. David had lately been guilty of two scandalous crimes. Joab remained unpunished, and arrogant; the judges neglected their duty, etc., ver. 3. Some had still a partiality for the family of Saul. (Calmet) (Grotius)
15:14
Calmet
Ruin, of a house falling. Hebrew, "evil." David gives way to the fury of the rebels, hoping that they will enter into themselves, without bloodshed. He departs on foot, like a penitent, acknowledging the justice of God. Fear does not prompt him to leave Jerusalem, which was a place of such strength, (chap. 5:6.) nor are his attendants abandoned on a sudden by that courage, which made some of them a match for a whole army. David disposes of all things with great coolness and prudence. (Calmet)
Menochius
He wishes to appease God. (Menochius)
15:16
Year of the World 2981.
Concubines. That is, wives of an inferior degree, (Challoner; Genesis xxv.; Worthington) who might perhaps have some influence to pacify the rioters.
15:17
Calmet
House, or palace, (Haydock) at the foot of the walls, (Calmet) that all who were well disposed, might join the king's standard. Hebrew, "in a place that was far off;" (Haydock) or, "this house of flight (this family of David, in flight) stopped." (Calmet)
15:18
Phelethi, the king's foreign guards, of Philistine extraction, 2 Kings 8:18.
Calmet
Gethites, who had been probably induced to enter his service by Ethai, ver. 19. (Calmet)
Salien
Men. This number David kept up, in honour of those valiant companions who had defended him at Odollam, etc. (Salien)
Calmet
It is observable, that David is attended only by his own family, and by strangers; representing Jesus Christ, who rejects the Synagogue and its sacrifices, while he makes choice of the Gentiles. (Calmet)
15:19
Menochius
Ethai. Many assert that he was the son of Achis, and had embraced the true religion. (Menochius)
Haydock
King; Absalom, who will not molest you. (Haydock)
Some translate the Hebrew, "Return from the king." (Syriac [and] Arabic)
15:20
Haydock
The Lord. Hebrew, "mercy and truth with thee." As thou hast acted towards me, so mayest thou be rewarded. (Haydock)
15:23
Doubdan xxvii
Cedron. Hebrew nachal Kidron, may signify, "the shady torrent," or "vale," as it is styled by Josephus. It does not take its name from cedars. It is dry in summer, and when filled with water, in only three steps across. (Doubdan xxvii.)
Menochius
Desert, of Bethel, (Calmet) or of Jericho, where St. John the Baptist and our Saviour dwelt for some time. David passed over Kedron, only after he had dismissed the priests. (Menochius)
15:24
Calmet
Went up to the ark, or along with the rest. (Calmet)
15:25
Menochius
City. Abiathar had consulted the Lord for David, and received no answer; whence the king concluded that he had not suffered enough. (Menochius)
Calmet
David displays a faith which could hardly have been expected of the carnal Jews. He confesses that God will reward the virtuous, and punish the wicked, independently of the ark, the symbol of his presence, and of which he deemed himself unworthy. (Calmet)
15:27
Menochius
Seer, supposing he was high priest, along with Abiathar, he might be thus addressed as one who consulted God by the ephod, as he might also, if he presided over the prophets, like Chonenias, 1 Paralipomenon 15:22. (Dionysius) (Menochius)
Calmet
Hebrew, "Art not thou a seer?" a prudent man, who may be of greater service to me in the city; (Haydock; or) seest thou not "the state of my affairs?" Septuagint, "See and return." Follow my advice, or then act as your own wisdom dictates. (Calmet)
15:30
Challoner
Weeping, etc. David on this occasion wept for his sins, which he knew were the cause of all his sufferings. (Challoner)
Worthington
Covered, that the people might not see him. (Worthington)
15:31
Calmet
Infatuate: "render useless;" (Theodotion) "dissipate," Septuagint. (Calmet)
Haydock
God hindered the wise counsel of Achitophel from being regarded. (Haydock)
15:32
Calmet
The Lord, before he lost sight of the holy city, where the ark was kept. (Calmet)
St. Jerome
Arachite, a convert, (Menochius) from Arach, or Edessa. (St. Jerome, Trad. in Genesis x.)
15:33
Menochius
To me, as he was perhaps advanced in years, though very prudent. (Menochius)
15:34
Haydock
Defeat; (dissipabis) "render of no effect." (Haydock)
Calmet
Thus princes keep spies in an enemy's country. (Calmet)
15:16
Concubines.... That is, wives of an inferior degree.
15:30
Weeping, etc.... David on this occasion wept for his sins, which he knew were the cause of all his sufferings.
15:16
Concubines were lawfully maried but had not al priuilegies as other wiues. See 〈◊〉. 25. Iudic. 19.
15:30
He couered his head that he might not be seene to weepe, lest he should discorege the people. neuertheles the people also wept, and likewise couered their heades.
15:1
St Ambrose of Milan † AD 397 On the Duties of the Clergy 2.22
… “Thy words are good and right. Is there none given thee by the king to hear thee? Who will make me a judge? And whosoever will come unto me, that hath need of judgment, I will give him justice.” With such words he cajoled them. And when they came to make obeisance to him, stretching forth his hand he took hold of them and kissed them.
15:3
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 Homilies on Ephesians 15
… Have ye a mind that I again make what I am saying plain to you by an instance, by setting before you the portraits of a treacherous and a guileless man? Absalom was a treacherous man, and “stole all men’s hearts.” ( 2 Sam. xv. 6 .) And observe how great was his treachery. “He went about,” it saith, “and said, ‘Hast thou no judgment?’”
15:5
St Gregory of Nazianzus † AD 389 Select Orations of Saint Gregory Nazianzen 21.15
… who, living at Alexandria at the time for the sake of culture, although he had been most kindly treated by him, as if the dearest of his children, and received his special confidence, yet joined in the revolutionary plot against his father and patron: for, though others took the active part in it, the hand of Absalom
15:6
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 Homilies on Ephesians 15
… What else is wickedness, but a jaundice of the soul? Wickedness then has no strength in it, indeed it has not. Have ye a mind that I again make what I am saying plain to you by an instance, by setting before you the portraits of a treacherous and a guileless man? Absalom was a treacherous man, and “stole all men’s hearts.” (
15:10
St Augustine of Hippo † AD 430 Expositions on the Book of Psalms 51.15
… Sometimes God in this world chastiseth for his sin him that He pardoneth in the world to come. For even to David himself, to whom it had been already said by the Prophet, “Thy sin is put away,” there happened certain things which God had threatened for that very sin. For his son Abessalom against him waged bloody war, and many ways humbled his father.
15:13
St Athanasius of Alexandria † AD 373 Against the Arians. (Orationes contra Arianos IV.) 3.24
… If there then is rivalry of the Son towards the Father, then be such words uttered against Him; and if according to what is said to David concerning Adonijah and Absalom
15:25
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom 3
… so far from reviling him again, he utterly forbad one of his captains, who was desirous to have slain him, saying, “Let him alone, for the Lord hath bidden him.” And again, when the priests desired to carry about the ark of God with him, he did not permit it; but what doth he say?
15:26
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 16
… “But I said in my prosperity,” says he, “I shall never be moved.” ( Ps. xxx. 6 .) But when he has come to be in affliction, hear what he says: “And if He say to me, I have no mind for thee; lo! here am I, let Him do that which is pleasing in His sight.” (
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 Homilies on Philemon 2
… Wast thou not cast into it on His account? “Yea truly,” he says, “but I am a debtor for many things.” And if he said such things after having displayed so great virtue, what should we say after this? But hear what David says, “If He thus say, I have no delight in thee, behold here am I, let Him do to me as seemeth good unto Him.” (
15:34
St Augustine of Hippo † AD 430 Expositions on the Book of Psalms 7.1
1. Now the story which gave occasion to this prophecy may be easily recognised in the second book of Kings.
15:1
15:7
7. AND AFTER FORTY YEARS ABSALOM SAID TO THE KING. Some from Josephus read four instead of forty. But the Hebrew, Chaldean, and Septuagint texts constantly have forty. I say therefore that these 40 years are to be reckoned from the first anointing of David as king, made by Samuel in I Kings XVI, 13. For this was done when David was in his twentieth year; from thence count 40 years, you will arrive at the sixtieth year of David's age, at which time the conspiracy of Absalom was made.
15:14
14. AND DAVID SAID: ARISE, LET US FLEE. St. Chrysostom gives the reason for the flight in Psalm III, which David then composed: "David fled from his son, because he had fled from chastity; he fled from his son, because he had violated the chaste bond of matrimony. He fled from his son, because he had fled from the law of God, which says: Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not commit adultery." Morally, learn here how vain it is for parents to glory in their sons, and how true is that saying: "The sons of heroes are a curse." For often sons are degenerate and enemies of their parents. Behold, David begat three sons, of whom the first, Amnon, violated his sister by incest; the second, Absalom, was a fratricide and parricide; the third, Solomon, was an idolater and altogether lustful.
15:27
27. O SEER, RETURN, as if to say: O priest, O pontiff, return into the city. For the pontiff is called "Seer," that is, Prophet, because clothed with the rational, in which were the Urim and Tummim, consulting God he received his oracles, and proclaimed and prophesied them.
15:30
30. MOREOVER DAVID ASCENDED THE MOUNT OF OLIVES, namely the Mount of Olives. He ascended it, both that fleeing through it from Absalom, he might go into the wilderness and there hide himself; and that on the Mount of Olives, abounding in olive trees and olives, he might worship God, and implore God's aid and mercy (of which the olive and oil are symbols) in so great a crisis. ASCENDING AND WEEPING, GOING WITH BARE FEET AND WITH COVERED HEAD. For the Hebrews, equally as later the Romans, went with uncovered head as free and unencumbered; but in mourning they covered and veiled the head. Behold here the wonderful humility, penitence, and patience of David, in that weeping, barefoot and with covered head mourning, he took to flight.
15:31
31. THAT AHITHOPHEL WAS IN THE CONSPIRACY. The Hebrews give as the reason that Ahithophel wished to avenge the wrong done to his granddaughter by David: for Bathsheba was the daughter of Eliam the son of Ahithophel. I BESEECH THEE, O LORD, DISAPPOINT THE COUNSEL OF AHITHOPHEL. For he himself was a man very prudent and of great counsel. Moreover God has various ways of making foolish the counsels of the prudent, and that without sin; for example, by suggesting other counsels, other thoughts, other reasons and methods, which at first sight appear more convenient and specious, and by concealing their inconveniences, difficulties and dangers.
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
15:7
Hebron (Hebrew: Hebrōn «Union, league»; Septuagint: Χέβρων)
… refuge, and David, who had found shelter there while persecuted by Saul, chose it as his capital, remaining there seven and a half years (II Sam. 2:1-3:11; 5:1-5; I Kings 2:11; I Chron. 29:27). Absalom made it the center of the revolt against his father (II Sam. 15:7-10) and Rehoboam refortified it. During the exile it fell into the hands of the Edomites, from whom Judas Maccabeus retook it (I Macc. 5:65). In the Jewish war it was burned by Cerealis, …
Joel (Heb. Jā'el "Yahweh is God"; Vulg.: Ioel and Iohel)
… Igaal] to J. with the Greek). - 8. A chief among the Levites, of the stock of Gershon (ibid. 15:7, 11; 23:8; 26:22). - 9. Head of the half-tribe of Manasseh, on this side of the Jordan, under David (ibid. 27:20). - 10. A Levite of the stock of Kohath, in the time of Hezekiah (2 Chron. …
15:8
Maacah, wife of David and mother of Absalom, was the daughter of Tholmai king of G. (II Sam. 3:3; I Chron. 3:2), at whose court Absalom took refuge after killing Amnon (II Sam. 13:37; 14:23, 32; 15:8).
15:12
He is probably to be identified with the son of Ahithophel, one of David's thirty mighty men (II Sam. 23:34; cf. 15:12; I Chron. 11:36); thus M. Sales, Il Vecchio Testamento, II, Turin 1923, pp. 313, 328; L. Desnoyers, Histoire du peuple hébreu, II, Paris 1930, pp. 210, 262, 689 note; A. Vaccari, La …
15:18
Geth (Hebrew Gath, Akkadian Gimtu, "Winepress")
The Kingdom of Judah claimed it for itself (1 Sam. 7:14; 1 Chron. 8:13; 2 Chron. 11:8; 26:6). David conquered it (2 Sam. 8:1; 1 Chron. 18:1) and had an elite corps of six hundred Gittite warriors (2 Sam. 15:18). Hazael, king of Syria, occupied G. (2 Kings 12:18), for the Philistines; Uzziah tore down its walls (2 Chron. 16:6; cf. 2 Kings 18:8). G. then depended on Ashdod or Azotus …
Obededom ("Servant of [the God] Edom")
OBEDEDOM ("Servant of [the God] Edom"). - A Philistine native of Gath (v.), living in the vicinity of Jerusalem and perhaps a "bodyguard" of David (II Sam. 15:18). He must have been a righteous and pious man if David thought of placing the ark of the covenant in his house after the disaster that befell Oza (v.) during its transport from Kiriath-jearim …
… In the Old Testament too the P. are associated with the Kéréthim (Cretans); cf. Zeph. 2:5; Ezek. 25:16; and probably also the formula Kéréthi and Pélethi (2 Sam. 8:18; 15:18; 20:7, 23), in which Pélethi seems to be the name of the P. (Pélethi), assimilated to the preceding Kéréthi. …
15:23
… David, weeping over the rebellion of Absalom, crossed it barefoot and with his head covered as a sign of mourning (II Sam. 15, 23-30). Christ, prefigured by David, crossed it at the beginning of the Passion to go to Gethsemane (Jn. 18, 1). Jewish, Christian and Muslim traditions, wrongly interpreting a passage of …
… In Holy Scripture this valley is never called the "valley of I.," but the valley or torrent of the Cedron (II Sam. 15, 23; II Kings 2, 37; Jer. 31, 40; John 18, 1): it is little more than the bed of a torrent, and it agrees poorly with the text of Joel, which presupposes ('ēmeq, "broad valley") …
… It is separated from the city by the valley of the Kidron (2 Sam. 15:23; Isa. 18:1; cf. Mt. 26:20; Flavius Josephus, Antiq. …
15:24
Abiathar (Hebrew *'Ebhithār* 'father of abundance')
… When David, during Absalom's insurrection, had to abandon the capital, A. remained there with Zadok and supplied the king with valuable information (II Sam. 15:24-29, 35-37; 17:15). In the last years of David's life he supported Adonijah in his attempt to usurp the throne (I Kings 1:7, 19); but Solomon, having succeeded David, was generous with the …
… David, however, did not want them to follow him into exile; he left them in Jerusalem to guard the Ark, so that they would keep him informed of events (2 Sam. 15:24-29; 17:15 ff.). …
15:27
Ahimaaz (Hebrew, prob. «Brother of the Empire»)
… Discovered and pursued, they managed to hide in a cistern at Bahurim; they then reached David, to whom they reported the treacherous counsel of the traitor Ahithophel (v.), and their parents' warning to cross the Jordan immediately (II Sam. 15:27-36; 17:17-20). A fighter among David's troops, A., exceedingly swift, brought the king news of the victory over the rebels, but left to the Cushite messenger, whom he had outrun in the …
Jonathan (Heb. Jēhōnāthān and Jōnāthān; Vulgate I. and Ionathas)
3. Valiant nephew of David (ibid. 21:21; I Chron. 20:7). 4. Uncle and expert counselor of David (I Chron. 27:32). 5. Son of the high priest Abiathar; he brought to the fugitive David news about the rebel Absalom (II Sam. 15:27 ff., 35 ff.; 17:15-21; I Kings 1:42-49). 6. One of David's mighty men (II Sam. 23:32; I Chron. 11:34). 7. Administrator of David's property outside Jerusalem (I Chron. 27:23). 8. Levite …
15:31
… Having offered to follow David in his flight from Absalom, he was not accepted, given his advanced age; but he was advised to enter the city to place himself at the side of the rebel and to render vain, through his shrewdness, the plans of the traitor Ahithophel (2 Sam. 15:31-37), whose ability David greatly feared. …
15:32
… On the summit 'Elôhim was worshiped (2 Sam. 15:32) and the prophets Ezekiel (11:23) and Zechariah (14:14) had visions there of the glory of God. According to the Talmud, on the mount facing the gate of the Temple the red heifer was …
15:37
CHUSAI (Heb. Ḥúšaj). - Archite (2 Sam. 14:32; 17:5, 14), friend and intimate counselor of David (2 Sam. 15:37; 16:16), whose full trust he enjoyed and whom he served with complete devotion. …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.