Josias celebrateth a most solemn pasch. He is slain by the king of Egypt.
Iosias celebrateth a most Solemne Pasch. 20. Is slaine by the king of Aegypt, al Iudalamenting him, 25. most specially Ieremias.
1And Josias kept a phase to the Lord in Jerusalem, and it was sacrificed on the fourteenth day of the first month.Celebrò ancora Josia in Gerusalemme la Pasqua del Signore, la quale fu immolata ai quattordici del primo mese.AND Iosias made in Ierusalem a Phase to our Lord, which was immolated the fourtenth day of the first moneth.Fecit autem Josias in Jerusalem Phase Domino, quod immolatum est quartadecima die mensis primi: 2And he set the priests in their offices, and exhorted them to minister in the house of the Lord.E fece, che i sacerdoti esercitassero le loro funzioni, e gli esortò a adempire il lor ministero nella casa del Signore.And he appoynted the Priestes in their offices, and exhorted them that they would minister in the house of our Lord.et constituit sacerdotes in officiis suis, hortatusque est eos ut ministrarent in domo Domini: 3And he spoke to the Levites, by whose instruction all Israel was sanctified to the Lord, saying: Put the ark in the sanctuary of the temple, which Solomon the son of David king of Israel built: for you shall carry it no more: but minister now to the Lord your God, and to his people Israel.E parimente disse ai Leviti, per le istruzioni dei quali tutto Israele era santificato al Signore: Ponete l'arca nel Santuario del tempio edificato da Salomone figliuolo di David, re d'Israele; perocché voi non la porterete più: ora voi servite al Signore Dio vostro, e al suo popolo d'Israele.To the Leuites also, at whose instruction al Israel was sanctified to our Lord, he spake: Put the Arke in the Sanctuarie of the temple, which Salomon built the sonne of Dauid the king of Israel, for you shal carie it no more: but now minister to our Lord your God, and to his people Israel.Levitis quoque, ad quorum eruditionem omnis Israël sanctificabatur Domino, locutus est: Ponite arcam in sanctuario templi, quod ædificavit Salomon filius David rex Israël, nequaquam enim eam ultra portabitis: nunc autem ministrate Domino Deo vestro, et populo ejus Israël. 4And prepare yourselves by your houses, and families according to your courses, as David king of Israel commanded, and Solomon his son hath written.E tenetevi pronti casa per casa, e famiglia per famiglia, secondo la distribuzione fatta di ciascheduno di voi, come ordinò David re d'Israele, e fu lasciato per iscritto da Salomone suo figliuolo.And prepare your selues by your houses, and kinredes in the diuisions of euerie one, as Dauid the king of Israel commanded, and Salomon his sonne described.Et præparate vos per domos et cognationes vestras in divisionibus singulorum, sicut præcepit David rex Israël, et descripsit Salomon filius ejus. 5And serve ye in the sanctuary by the families and companies of Levi.E adempite il vostro ministero nel Santuario, osservando la distinzione delle famiglie, e delle schiere Levitiche.And minister ye in the Sanctuarie by families and Leuitical companies,Et ministrate in sanctuario per familias turmasque Leviticas,
6And being sanctified kill the phase, and prepare your brethren, that they may do according to the words which the Lord spoke by the hand of Moses.E dopo che vi sarete santificati, immolate fa Pasqua: e disponete anche i vostri fratelli, affinchè possano fare quello, che il Signore comandò per bocca di Mosè.and being sanctified immolate the Phase, prepare also your brethren, that they may doe according to the wordes, which our Lord spake in the hand of Moyses.et sanctificati immolate Phase: fratres etiam vestros, ut possint juxta verba quæ locutus est Dominus in manu Moysi facere, præparate. 7And Josias gave to all the people that were found there in the solemnity of the phase, of lambs and of kids of the flocks, and of other small cattle thirty thousand, and of oxen three thousand, all these were of the king’s substance.Oltre a ciò diede Josia a tutto il popolo, che si trovò alla solennità della Pasqua, tra agnelli, e capretti di branco, e altro bestiame minuto trenta mila capi, e anche tre mila bovi: tutto questo lo diede il re del suo.Moreouer Iosias gaue to al the people, that was found there in the solemnitie of the Phase, lambes and kiddes of the flockes, and of the rest of the cattel thirtie thousand, of oxen also three thousand, al these thinges of the kinges substance.Dedit præterea Josias omni populo qui ibi fuerat inventus in solemnitate Phase, agnos et hædos de gregibus et reliqui pecoris triginta millia, boum quoque tria millia: hæc de regis universa substantia. 8And his princes willingly offered what they had vowed, both to the people and to the priests and the Levites. Moreover Helcias, and Zacharias, and Jahiel rulers of the house of the Lord, gave to the priests to keep the phase two thousand six hundred small cattle, and three hundred oxen.E i suoi magnati parimente offrirono quello, che avevano spontaneamente promesso tanto al popolo, come ai sacerdoti, e ai Leviti. Ed Helcia, e Zacharia, e Jahiel, principi della casa del Signore, dettero in comune ai sacerdoti per far la Pasqua due mila secento agnelli, e trecento bovi.His dukes also voluntarily offered that which they vowed, as wel to the people, as to the Priestes and the Leuites. Moreouer Helcias, and Zacharias, and Iahiel princes of the house of our Lord, gaue to the Priestes to make the Phase cattel one with an other two thousand six hundred, and oxen three hundred.Duces quoque ejus sponte quod voverant, obtulerunt, tam populo quam sacerdotibus et Levitis. Porro Helcias, et Zacharias, et Jahiel principes domus Domini dederunt sacerdotibus ad faciendum Phase pecora commixtim duo millia sexcenta, et boves trecentos. 9And Chonenias, and Semeias and Nathanael, his brethren, and Hasabias, and Jehiel, and Jozabad princes of the Levites, gave to the rest of the Levites to celebrate the phase five thousand small cattle, and five hundred oxen.E Chonenia, e Semeia, e Nathanael, e i suoi fratelli, e Hasabia, e Jehiel, e Jozabad, principi de' Leviti, dettero agli altri Leviti per celebrare la Pasqua cinque mila agnelli, e cinquecento bovi.And Chonenias, and Semeias, also Nathanael, his brethren, moreouer Hasabias, and Iehiel, and Iozabad princes of the Leuites, gaue to the rest of the Leuites to celebrate the Phase fiue thousand sheepe, and oxen fiue hundred.Chonenias autem, et Semeias, etiam Nathanaël fratres ejus, necnon Hasabias, et Jehiel, et Jozabad principes Levitarum, dederunt ceteris Levitis ad celebrandum Phase quinque millia pecorum, et boves quingentos.
10And the ministry was prepared, and the priests stood in their office: the Levites also in their companies, according to the king’s commandment.E tutto fu preparato per la funzione, e i sacerdoti furon pronti all'ufficio loro: e similmente i Leviti divisi in ischiere secondo l'ordine del re.And the ministerie was prepared, and the Priestes stood in their office: the Leuites also in companies, according to the kinges commandement.Præparatumque est ministerium, et steterunt sacerdotes in officio suo: Levitæ quoque in turmis, juxta regis imperium. 11And the phase was immolated: and the priests sprinkled the blood with their hand, and the Levites flayed the holocausts:E fu immolata la Pasqua: e i sacerdoti sparsero colle loro mani il sangue, e i Leviti scorticavan gli olocausti.And the Phase was immolated: and Priestes sprinkled the blood with their hand, and the Leuites drew of the skinnes of the holocaustes:Et immolatum est Phase: asperseruntque sacerdotes manu sua sanguinem, et Levitæ detraxerunt pelles holocaustorum: 12And they separated them, to give them by the houses and families of every one, and to be offered to the Lord, as it is written in the book of Moses, and with the oxen they did in like manner.E li separarono per distribuirli casa per casa, e famiglia per famiglia, affinchè fossero offerti al Signore in quella maniera, che sta scritto nel libro di Mosè: e lo stesso fecero de' bovi.and they seperated them to geue them by the houses and families of euerie one, and to be offered to our Lord, as it is writen in the Booke of Moyses, of oxen also they did in like maner.et separaverunt ea ut darent per domos et familias singulorum, et offerrentur Domino, sicut scriptum est in libro Moysi: de bobus quoque fecerunt similiter. 13And they roasted the phase with fire, according to that which is written in the law: but the victims of peace offerings they boiled in caldrons, and kettles, and pots, and they distributed them speedily among all the people.E fecero arrostire la Pasqua sul fuoco, conforme sta scritto nella legge: e le ostie pacifiche le cossero nelle pignatte, nelle caldaie, e pentole, e le distribuivano speditamente a tutta la plebe.And they rosted the Phase vpon fyre, according to that which is writen in the law: but the pacifique hostes they b•vled in caudrons, and kettles, and pottes, and in hast they distributed it to al the people.Et assaverunt Phase super ignem, juxta quod in lege scriptum est: pacificas vero hostias coxerunt in lebetibus, et cacabis, et ollis, et festinato distribuerunt universæ plebi:
14And afterwards they made ready for themselves, and for the priests: for the priests were busied in offering of holocausts and the fat until night, wherefore the Levites prepared for themselves, and for the priests the sons of Aaron last.Per se poi, e pe' sacerdoti ne fecer cuocere in appresso: perocché fino alla notte furono occupati i sacerdoti nell'offerire gli olocausti, e il grasso: per la qual cosa i Leviti non approntaron per loro, e pe' sacerdoti figliuoli d'Aarone, se non dopo tutti gli altri.And for themselues, and for the Priestes they prepared afterward: for in oblation of holocaustes and of fatte the Priestes were occupied vntil night: wherfore the Leuites prepared for themselues, and for the Priestes the children of Aaron last.sibi autem et sacerdotibus postea paraverunt, nam in oblatione holocaustorum et adipum usque ad noctem sacerdotes fuerunt occupati, unde Levitæ sibi et sacerdotibus filiis Aaron paraverunt novissimis. 15And the singers the sons of Asaph stood in their order, according to the commandment of David, and Asaph, and Heman, and Idithun, the prophets of the king: and the porters kept guard at every gate, so as not to depart one moment from their service, and therefore their brethren the Levites prepared meats for them.E i cantori figliuoli di Asaph erano intenti all'uffizio loro, secondo i precetti di David, e di Asaph, e di Heman, e d'Idithun profeti del re: e i portinaj stavano in sentinella a ciascuna delle porte, talmente che né pure per un sol momento si distoglievano dal loro ministero: per la qual cosa anche per essi prepararono i Leviti loro fratelli da mangiare.Moreouer the singing men the children of Asaph stood in their order, according to the precept of Dauid, and Asaph, and Heman, and Idithun the prophetes of the king: and the porters watched at euerie gate, so that they departed not a moment from the ministerie: for the which cause also their brethren the Leuites prepared meates for them.Porro cantores filii Asaph stabant in ordine suo, juxta præceptum David, et Asaph, et Heman, et Idithun prophetarum regis: janitores vero per portas singulas observabant, ita ut nec puncto quidem discederent a ministerio: quam ob rem et fratres eorum Levitæ paraverunt eis cibos. 16So all the service of the Lord was duly accomplished that day, both in keeping the phase and offering holocausts upon the altar of the Lord, according to the commandment of king Josias.Fu adunque compiuto il culto del Signore in quel giorno secondo i riti nella celebrazione della Pasqua, e nell'oblazione degli olocausti sull'altare del Signore, secondo l'ordine del re Josia.Therfore al the seruice of our Lord was ritely accomplished that day, so that they made the Phase, and offered holocaustes vpon the altar of our Lord, according to the precept of king Iosias.Omnis igitur cultura Domini rite completa est in die illa, ut facerent Phase, et offerrent holocausta super altare Domini, juxta præceptum regis Josiæ. 17And the children of Israel that were found there, kept the phase at that time, and the feast of unleavened seven days.Così i figliuoli d'Israele, che ivi si ritrovarono, fecero allora la Pasqua, e la solennità degli azzimi per sette giorni.And the children of Israel that were found there, made the Phase at that time, and the solemnitie of Azymes seuen daies.Feceruntque filii Israël, qui reperti fuerant ibi, Phase in tempore illo, et solemnitatem azymorum septem diebus.
18There was no phase like to this in Israel, from the days of Samuel the prophet: neither did any of all the kings of Israel keep such a phase as Josias kept, with the priests, and the Levites, and all Juda, and Israel that were found, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem.Non fu fatta mai simil Pasqua in Israele dal tempo di Samuele Profeta: e nissuno eziandio di tutti i re d'Israele fece la Pasqua come Josia co' sacerdoti, e Leviti, e con tutto Giuda, e con quel, che si trovò d'Israele, e cogli abitanti di Gerusalemme.There was not a Phase like to this in Israel, from the daies of Samuel the prophete: neither did anie of al the kinges of Israel make a Phase as Iosias, to the Priestes, and the Leuites, and to al Iuda, and Israel that was found, and to the inhabitantes of Ierusalem.Non fuit Phase simile huic in Israël a diebus Samuelis prophetæ: sed nec quisquam de cunctis regibus Israël fecit Phase sicut Josias, sacerdotibus, et Levitis, et omni Judæ et Israël qui repertus fuerat, et habitantibus in Jerusalem. 19In the eighteenth year of the reign of Josias was this phase celebrated.Questa Pasqua fu celebrata l'anno diciottesimo di Josia.In the eightenth yeare of the kingdom of Iosias was this Phase celebrated.Octavodecimo anno regni Josiæ hoc Phase celebratum est. 20After that Josias had repaired the temple, Nechao king of Egypt came up to fight in Charcamis by the Euphrates: and Josias went out to meet him.Dopo che Josia ebbe ristampato il tempio, Nechao re d'Egitto si mosse per andare all'assedio dì Charcamis presso all'Eufrate: e Josia si mosse contro di lui.After that Iosias had repayred the temple, came vp Nechao the king of Aegypt to fight in Charcamis beside Euphrates: and Iosias went forth to meete him.Postquam instauraverat Josias templum, ascendit Nechao rex Ægypti ad pugnandum in Charcamis juxta Euphraten: et processit in occursum ejus Josias. 21But he sent messengers to him, saying: What have I to do with thee, O king of Juda? I come not against thee this day, but I fight against another house, to which God hath commanded me to go in haste: forbear to do against God, who is with me, lest he kill thee.Ma quegli mandò ambasciadori a lui, e gli fece dire: Che abbiam noi da disputare insieme, o re di Giuda? Io non porto adesso guerra a te, ma sì ad un'altra casa, contro la quale Dio mi ha comandato di andare senza dilazione: lascia di opponi a Dio, il quale è meco, affinchè egli non ti faccia perire.But he sending messengers vnto him, sayd: What haue I to doe with thee king of Iuda? I come not agaynst thee this day, but I fight agaynst an other house, to the which God hath commanded me to goe in hast: leaue to doe agaynst God, who is with me, lest he kil thee.At ille, missis ad eum nuntiis, ait: Quid mihi et tibi est, rex Juda ? non adversum te hodie venio, sed contra aliam pugno domum, ad quam me Deus festinato ire præcepit: desine adversum Deum facere, qui mecum est, ne interficiat te.
22Josias would not return, but prepared to fight against him, and hearkened not to the words of Nechao from the mouth of God, but went to fight in the field of Mageddo.Josia non volle tornare indietro, ma si messe in punto per assalirlo: e non si acquietò alle parole di Nechao dette dalla parte di Dio; ma tirò innanzi per venir a battaglia nel campo di Mageddo.Iosias would not returne, but prepared battel agaynst him, neither did he agree to the wordes of Nechao from the mouth of God, but went forward to fight in the fielde of Mageddo.Noluit Josias reverti, sed præparavit contra eum bellum, nec acquievit sermonibus Nechao ex ore Dei: verum perrexit ut dimicaret in campo Mageddo. 23And there he was wounded by the archers, and he said to his servants: Carry me out of the battle, for I am grievously wounded.Ed ivi fu ferito di freccia, e disse a' suoi servi: Traetemi fuori della battaglia, perchè io son ferito gravemente.And there being wounded of the Archers, he sayd to his seruantes: Carie me out of the battel, because I am sore wounded.Ibique vulneratus a sagittariis, dixit pueris suis: Educite me de prælio, quia oppido vulneratus sum. 24And they removed him from the chariot into another, that followed him after the manner of kings, and they carried him away to Jerusalem, and he died, and was buried in the monument of his fathers, and all Juda and Jerusalem mourned for him,E quelli lo trasportarono da quel cocchio sopra un altro, che gli andava dietro secondo l'uso dei re, e lo portarono a Gerusalemme; e morì, e fu sepolto nel mausoleo de' padri suoi: e tutto Giuda, e Gerusalemme lo piansero;Who remoued him from one chariote into an other chariote, that folowed him after the maner of kinges, and they caried him away into Ierusalem, & he died, and was buried in the monument of his fathers, and al Iuda and Ierusalem mourned for him.Qui transtulerunt eum de curru in alterum currum, qui sequebatur eum more regio, et asportaverunt eum in Jerusalem: mortuusque est, et sepultus in mausoleo patrum suorum, et universus Juda et Jerusalem luxerunt eum. 25Particularly Jeremias: whose lamentations for Josias all the singing men and singing women repeat unto this day, and it became like a law in Israel: Behold it is found written in the Lamentations.Ma più d'ogni altro Geremia: le lamentazioni del quale sopra Josia si rinovellano dai cantatori, e dalle cantatrici, fino a questo giorno, lo che prese piede come legge in Israele. Elle si trovano scritte tralle lamentazioni.Ieremie most of al: whose lamentations al the singing men and singing wemen repeate vntil this present day vpon Iosias, and it is growen as it were a law in Israel: Behold it is sayd to be writen in the lamentations.Jeremias maxime: cujus omnes cantores atque cantatrices, usque in præsentem diem, lamentationes super Josiam replicant, et quasi lex obtinuit in Israël: Ecce scriptum fertur in lamentationibus.
26Now the rest of the acts of Josias and of his mercies, according to what was commanded by the law of the Lord:Il rimanente poi delle geste di Josia, e le sue buone opere, secondo precetti della legge del Signore;But the rest of the wordes des of Iosias & of his mercies: which are commanded by the law of our Lord:Reliqua autem sermonum Josiæ, et misericordiarum ejus, quæ lege præcepta sunt Domini, 27And his works first and last, are written in the book of the kings of Juda and Israel.E le azioni di lui le prime, e le ultime sono scritte nel libro dei re di Giuda, e d'Israele.his workes also the first and the last, are writen in the Booke of the kinges of Iuda and Israel.opera quoque illius prima et novissima, scripta sunt in libro regum Juda et Israël.
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Year of the World 3381.
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Haydock
By whose. Septuagint, "the powerful in Israel, that they might be sanctified to the Lord; and they put," etc. Hebrew, "who instructed all Israel, the holy people of the Lord: Put," etc. (Haydock)
Calmet
No more. Hebrew adds, "upon your shoulders;" (Haydock) whence it is inferred, that it had been carried about the cities of Juda, under the impious kings, who would not suffer it in the temple. (Calmet)
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Families. Hebrew adds, "according to the divisions of the families of the fathers of your brethren, the people, (Haydock; or laics. Calmet) and the division of the families of the Levites." All were placed, with great order, in the temple.
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Menochius
Which. Hebrew, "of the Lord, by the hand of Moses," which ordinances he has written down. (Menochius)
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Haydock
In. Hebrew, "for the Passover-offerings, from the flock, lambs and kids, in number 30,000." Et reliqui pecoris, is not expressed. (Haydock)
Menochius
The small cattle might be intended for other sacrifices. (Menochius)
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Haydock
Offered. Hebrew, "gave to the people." (Haydock)
Calmet
Rulers: the first alone was high priest. (Calmet)
Haydock
Small cattle: literally, cattle of different sorts;" commixtim. Protestants supply, "small cattle," which is not now in Hebrew. (Haydock)
Syriac and Arabic have, "sheep;" but we had best follow (Calmet) the Septuagint, "sheep, both lambs and kids." Either would suffice, Exodus 12:5.
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Haydock
Cattle. Protestants again supply these words. Septuagint have, "sheep." (Haydock)
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Haydock
Blood is expressed in the Septuagint and understood in Hebrew. (Haydock)
Haydock
With. Hebrew and Septuagint, "from their hands;" (Haydock) receiving it from the officers, who might slay their own victims, (Calmet) unless they were unclean, 2 Paralipomenon 30:17. (Haydock)
Haydock
Holocausts. Hebrew and Septuagint speak of the paschal lambs. (Haydock)
Haydock
Holocausts were regularly to be flayed by priests, Leviticus 1:6. The hurry of the solemnity, (Calmet) and necessity, here excused the Levites, (Menochius) if we understand proper holocausts. (Haydock)
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Tournemine
Separated. Septuagint, "prepared the holocaust to give; having taken notice to whom the victims belonged, before they took off the skin, (Menochius) or rather, separating these from the other peace-offerings. (Tournemine)
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Haydock
Victims. Hebrew and Septuagint, "but the holy offerings they boiled." See Exodus 12:9. (Haydock)
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Calmet
Prophets. Hebrew, "seer." But Septuagint, etc., read in the plural. These were "prophets of the king," (Haydock) or masters of music. (Calmet)
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Worthington
As Josias kept. He displayed greater liberality (Estius. See 4 Kings 23:20.) and devotion; and the festival had also been neglected for some time. (Worthington)
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Year of the World 3394, Year before Christ 610.
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Calmet
With me. Grotius thinks that Jeremias had given the order; and the author of Hebrew Traditions, supposes that he forbade Josias to oppose Pharao, who, it seems, was assured of victory. (Calmet)
Haydock
But this is uncertain; and Josias might justly suspect that the king of Egypt spoke without authority. (Haydock)
Haydock
The augurs of the latter might declare the truth, (Menochius) though they could not dive into futurity. (Haydock)
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Haydock
Prepared. Hebrew, "disguised himself," like Achab; (Calmet) or set his army in array. Septuagint, "he was bent on fighting him." (Haydock)
Worthington
He supposed that Pharao intended to invade his dominions, and God would withdraw him from the world. (Worthington)
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Haydock
After the manner of kings, is not in Hebrew, etc. (Haydock)
Curtius (iv.) informs us, that the Persian monarch had always a horse behind his chariot, to be ready in case of any accident.
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Josephus
Lamentations. Some think that we have them in the Bible. (Josephus, etc.)
Salien
Others believe that they are lost. (Salien, the year of the world 3425.)
Tirinus
Law, on the anniversary; (Menochius) or when any calamity occurs, the lamentations of Jeremias are used. (Tirinus)
Calmet
There were collections of such poems, as well as of canticles, for victory and marriages. (Calmet)
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Haydock
Israel is placed first in Hebrew and Septuagint. (Haydock)
Haydock
The kings of Juda assumed the title, as the kingdom had been subverted above a century; and the wretched remains of Israel had retreated into the territories, (Calmet) or acknowledged their dominion. (Haydock)
35:1
This Phase, o〈…〉h made by Iosias is fanious, partly for that this feast had bene omitted some yeares, but specially for the great and extraordinarie solemnitie made at this um•.
Concordance 4. Reg. 16.
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Iosias thought that the king of Aegypt intended to inuade his kingdome. And it was Gods wil he should be slaine, and not see the euiles that should happen to the people.
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Solemne exequies with lamentations and musike.
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St Jerome † AD 420 The Letters of St. Jerome 133.13
… The first leagued himself with the ungodly Ahab and brought upon himself the rebuke of Micaiah; and the second—though forbidden by the word of the Lord spoken by Jeremiah—went against Pharaoh-Nechoh, king of Egypt, and was slain by him.
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St Jerome † AD 420 Against the Pelagians 2
xxxv. 22 . He was slain through not heeding God’s warning; and
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Aphrahat † AD 346 Aphrahat: Select Demonstrations 21.17
… and Jesus said:— There shall come wrath upon this people, and they shall fall by the edge of the sword . Josiah cast out uncleanness from the Holy Temple; and Jesus cast out the unclean traders from His Father’s house. For Josiah the daughters of Israel mourned and wailed, as Jeremiah said:— O daughters of Israel, weep for Josiah ;
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3. PUT THE ARK IN THE SANCTUARY OF THE TEMPLE.—The Hebrews relate to St. Jerome that the ark was taken from the Holy of Holies in the time of Manasses or Amon, lest it should remain in the temple together with their idols. Wherefore it was transferred to the house of Sellum, who was the uncle of Jeremiah, and the husband of Olda the prophetess, chapter xxxiv, verse 22; but now that Josias had removed the idols, the ark was restored to the temple and to its place. Having done this, Josias says to the Levites: "You shall carry it no more," that is, you shall not carry the ark out of the temple any longer; wherefore henceforth you shall minister before the ark "to the Lord," and at the same time "to His people Israel," so that you may instruct and direct the people in the law and worship of God.
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11. AND THE PRIESTS SPRINKLED THE BLOOD WITH THEIR HAND,—on the altar of holocausts, as was prescribed by the law. For all blood was owed to God, and therefore was poured out on the altar or beside the altar. For the altar represented God. AND THE LEVITES FLAYED THE HOLOCAUSTS.—so that afterwards the priests would cut the flesh into pieces and place it on the altar, and burn it to God with fire applied beneath.
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12. AND THEY SEPARATED THEM,—namely the holocausts (as the Hebrews have it) already mentioned; so that they would be "offered to the Lord" entire, and be wholly burned. "They separated," I say, the holocausts from the other victims, so that they would "give" them (that is, distribute them) "to the houses and families of individuals;" so that namely each one would offer them to God as victims of peace, and then from the same would prepare a sacred feast, and celebrate banquets. This is clear from what is said in verses 7 and following.
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15. ASAPH AND HEMAN AND IDITHUN, PROPHETS OF THE KING,—that is, Singers of David. For Singers are called Prophets, who sang praises and Psalms to God. Thus the Hebrews according to St. Jerome. Yet some of them were true prophets, such as Asaph, who by the inspiration of God composed and dictated many Psalms.
35:21
21. AGAINST ANOTHER HOUSE I FIGHT, — namely against the king of the Assyrians (1). As is evident from IV Kings XXIII, 29, Abulensis in IV Kings cap. xxiii, Questions XLI and XLII, holds that "another house," or another family, and another king, against whom Pharao says he is going, was Adadremmon king of Syria, confederate with Josias, and therefore Josias prevented Pharao from passing through Judea, so that he might consult his own and his friend's kingdom. Abulensis drew this from Herodotus, lib. II at the end, who says that the king of Egypt named Necus son of Psammiticus fought with the Syrians, and obtained victory at Magdalo: where the names appear to be corrupted, so that Necus is put for Nechao, Syri for Assyrians, Magdalo for Mageddo. But this opinion is improbable: both because no one mentions this Adadremmon king of Syria; and because Pharao was going against the Assyrians dwelling near the Euphrates, not against the Syrians dwelling near the Lebanon. Others hold that Pharao went properly against the king of the Assyrians: but this too cannot be said; for Asarhaddon son of Sennacherib, after the defeat of his father received by the Angel in Judea, reigned only ten years, and with him and in him as it were the last king the kingdom of the Assyrians ended under the year 25 of Ezechias king of Juda, which year was 31 and the last of Josias preceded by ninety years. Wherefore with Asarhaddon and the kingdom of the Assyrians failing (whence after Asarhaddon in Scripture no kings of the Assyrians are named, but only of the Babylonians), the kingdom of the Chaldeans arose through Merodach, to whom succeeded Ben-Merodach, to him Nabopolassar, who was called by another name Nabuchodonosor the elder, who ruled over the Assyrians equally as over the Babylonians; whence now he is called king of the Assyrians, now of the Babylonians. And this is he against whom Pharao Nechao fought, when he killed Josias, and appears to have overcome him. Whence his son Nabuchodonosor the younger surnamed the Great, avenging this defeat of his father, who subdued Judea, Asia, and many other things, and made himself a Monarch, invaded Egypt, fought with Nechao, and killed him, and occupied Egypt, as Jeremias had foretold to him cap. XLVI, and Ezechiel cap. xxix. See the things said there. Thus Salianus and others. I have said more about this matter in IV Kings XXIV, 1. TO WHICH GOD COMMANDED ME TO HASTEN TO GO, — by an oracle of Jeremias not written, but delivered by living voice, which Jeremias himself signified to Pharao through a messenger, as the Hebrews relate according to St. Jerome. Whence also St. Justin, Questions LXXXX to the Orthodox, teaches that Josias was killed because, being warned by Jeremias not to oppose himself to Pharao, he did not obey at all.
35:24
35:25
25. AND AS A LAW IT OBTAINED IN ISRAEL, — that is to say, the custom among the Israelites obtained so fixed and certain, that it seemed to be in the manner of a law; so that namely singers and singing women, when they wish to sing a funeral or sad song or lamentation on account of some mournful event, use and sing the lamentation of Jeremias concerning the death of Josias, which if you desire to know: "Behold it is written in the lamentations" of Jeremias: for Jeremias in the Lamentations at the end appears to mourn the death of Josias, as the Chaldean, Josephus, the Hebrews according to St. Jerome, Lyranus, Abulensis and Hugo hold; although, as I said there, it is more true that the Lamentations of Jeremias concerning the death of Josias were other than his Lamentations which exist in Holy Scripture: wherefore the Lamentations concerning the death of Josias perished by the injury of time.
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
35:1
EZRA, Third Book of. - An apocryphal book, whose material is found almost entirely in the canonical books: II Par. 35, 1-36, 21 = ch. 1; Estd. 1, 1-12 = 2, 1-14; Estd. 4, 7-24 = 2, 15-25; Estd. 2, 1-4, 5 = 5, 7-79; Estd. 5-6 = 6-7; Estd. 7-10 = 8, 1-9, 36; Neh. 7, 37-8, 13 = 9, 37-55. It has as its own only 3, 1-5, 6.
… statutes, renewing the pact or covenant with Yahweh (II Chron. 34:29-33). As a seal of the great event, in the same eighteenth year of J.'s reign a most solemn Passover was celebrated, such as had not been remembered in Israel since the times of Samuel (II Chron. 35:1-19).
35:5
… The immolation of the lamb was later carried out only in the temple (ibid. 16:2, 5-6; II Chron. 35:5-6, 11) and the blood was sprinkled at the foot of the altar. …
35:6
… Male and perfect (tāmīm, v. 5; as for holocausts: Lev. 1, 3), it was immolated by the father of the family (later by the Levites Esd. 6, 20; II Par. 30, 17; 35, 6) in the court of the sanctuary on the 14th of the 1st month (nīsān) in the evening, and its blood was poured (after the erection of the sanctuary) at the foot of the altar. …
35:7
… At the solemn paschal feast that followed the reform of Josiah the Levites themselves took charge of the matter (II Chron. 35:13). The other victims that were immolated, sheep and oxen (cf. II Chron. 35:7-9), were permitted to increase the joy of the feast and in case the lamb did not suffice to satisfy all the guests.
… Thus for the paschal lamb (cf. II Par. 35, 7): "Your lamb (seh) must be perfect (tāmīm)... take it from the lambs (hēbhāsīm) or from the goats" (Ex. 12, 5, the Vulgate iuxta quem ritum tolletis et haedum is inexact; cf. Deut. 14, 4).
35:8
Besides a son of King Jehoshaphat (II Chron. 21:2) and a prefect of the "house of God" in the time of King Josiah (ibid. 35:8), three Levites bear this name: one belonging to the harp players (I Chron. 15:18, 20; 16:5); another of the family of Gershon (ibid. 23), charged with collecting the contributions …
35:9
Jehiel (Hebrew Jēhī'ēl or Jē'ī'ēl)
JEHIEL (Hebrew Jēhī'ēl or Jē'ī'ēl). - A fairly frequent biblical name, borne by Levites of whom nothing else is known (1 Chron. 5:7; 9:35; 15:18, 21; 16:5; 2 Chron. 35:9; Ezra 8:13; 10:21, 26); v. IAHIEL.
35:11
under Hezekiah the priests "sprinkled the blood, receiving it from the hand of the Levites" (II Par. 30:16). The same happened in the celebration of P. under Josiah (ibid. 35:11). There is reason to believe that this was the ordinary rite: thus it is described in the Miñāh.
… lê-Jahweh "passover sacred to J." (Ex. 12, 11, 48; Lev. 23, 5; Num. 9, 10, 14; Deut. 16, 1 ff.; II Par. 30, 1, 5; etc.), and from the rite of the blood poured by the priest at the foot of the altar of holocausts (Lev. 17, 3-6; II Par. 30, 16; 35, 11). Therefore Philo (Vita Mos. 3) and Flavius Josephus (Antiq. …
35:12
the work of Moses, varied in several forms, belongs to the whole biblical tradition: "Book of the Law of Moses" (Josh. 8:31; 23:6; 2 Kings 14:6); "Book of Moses" (2 Kings 2:3; 2 Chron. 35:12; Ezra 6:18; Neh. 13:1); practically equivalent to it are those of "Book of the Law of the Lord given through Moses" (2 Chron. 34:14), "Law of Moses" (2 Chron. 23:18; Bar. 2:2; Dan. …
35:13
… At the solemn paschal feast that followed the reform of Josiah the Levites themselves took charge of the matter (II Chron. 35:13). The other victims that were immolated, sheep and oxen (cf. II Chron. 35:7-9), were permitted to increase the joy of the feast and in case the lamb did not suffice to satisfy all the guests.
35:15
… directly on David (ibid. 25:5-6). The particular instrument assigned to A. and his group was the cymbal (mēṣiltajjīm, ibid. 15:19; 16:5; cf. 25:1). The descendants of A. are remembered as the continuers of their father's work (II Chron. 20:14; 29:13; 35:15; Ezra 2:45 among those returning from exile; 3:10; Neh. 7:45; 11:17, 22).
We encounter singers who were his descendants in the time of Hezekiah and of Josiah: 2 Chron. 29:14; 35:15.
It seems that it was already sung in the time of King Josiah (II Par. 35:15) and also of King Hezekiah (II Par. 30:21). Sap. 18:9 then alludes to this use, where aḫvouç (laudes) is a translation of h. Jesus and his Apostles also sang the h. at the …
Idithun (Heb. Jēdhithān and Jēdhithān "Praising")
It is said that these men "prophesied," which may refer either to an authentic prophetic charism or, with less probability, to a mystical excitation accompanied by sounds and songs (1 Chron. 25:1; 2 Chron. 35:15; cf. 1 Sam. 10:5). I., a descendant of Merari, with his sons played the lyre. …
35:20
… According to II Par. 35:20 and Jer. 46:2, the pharaoh Necho of Egypt waged war against the king of Babylon Nebuchadnezzar, and since the cited texts speak of C., many suppose that a battle took place there in …
… When the Pharaoh's negotiations to obtain passage proved vain, battle was joined; fighting, Josiah was gravely wounded and died shortly thereafter (II Kings 22:28-30; II Chron. 35:20-25). His death (609 B.C.) was an irreparable disaster for the Kingdom of Judah and the prelude to the final catastrophe (v. IOAKIM; IOACHIN).
… circumnavigation of Africa by Phoenician sailors (IV, 42). Shortly afterward he undertook a campaign against Nabopolassar, king of Assyria (Herodotus, II, 159), and since King Josiah of Judah, despite the pharaoh's protest that he was not marching against him (II Chron. 35, 20-25, cf. Jer. 42, 11), went against him (II Kings 23, 29), he was defeated at Megiddo on the Kishon near Carmel and killed (II Chron. 35, 23-24), leaving the kingdom to his son Jehoahaz, …
35:21
… 3; 235, 2; 267, 10; 281, 2), the texts of Boghazköy (I, 5) and of Rās Samrah (I AB, II, 13, 24, 31; III-IV, 32, 41; etc.), in which the plural Idms is constructed with the verb in the singular and refers to the pharaoh alone, = to the king of Assyria (II Par. 35:21 ff.; B. Alfrink), or to a single god; and the elhm of Rās Samrah, synonymous with Ēl, often expresses the Supreme Being.
35:22
… tribes and Sisera was killed (Judg. 5:19); the kings Joram and Ahaziah were killed there (2 Kings 9:23-27); above all memorable is the rout of King Josiah (609 B.C.), killed in the "plain of Megiddo" by the troops of Pharaoh Necho II (2 Kings 23:29-30; 2 Chron. 35:22-25), and that mourning remained proverbial (Zech. 12:11; v. ADADREMMON).
35:23
… II, 159), and since King Josiah of Judah, despite the pharaoh's protest that he was not marching against him (II Chron. 35, 20-25, cf. Jer. 42, 11), went against him (II Kings 23, 29), he was defeated at Megiddo on the Kishon near Carmel and killed (II Chron. 35, 23-24), leaving the kingdom to his son Jehoahaz, whom N. put in chains at Riblah in the land of Hamath, afterward sending him to die in Egypt (II Kings 23, 33-34; II Chron. 36, 3); he placed …
35:24
Adadremmon (Hebrew Hadadrimmōn)
Rummanèh near Megiddo (v. MAGEDDO), where King Josiah died in battle: which produced a profound national mourning (2 Chron. 35:24-25). This identification is upheld by A. Legendre (DB, I, cols. 167-70) and by many others. …
35:25
… Ind., X, 78) also loses its value because it refers the L. to the notice of II Par. 35, 25. The title prefixed by the Greek version is an excellent indication of the antiquity of the opinion, but it offers many doubts regarding its authenticity.
… Addo the seer (II Par. 12, 15); of Jehu (ibid. 20, 34), of the seers (ibid. 33, 19). Furthermore the P. utilize the canonical sources: the Pentateuch, Joshua, Samuel, Kings; the vision of Isaiah (ibid. 32, 32); the lamentations of Jeremiah over Josiah (ibid. 35, 25).
35:32
… Owing to the unevenness of the terrain - the height varies from 25 to 100 m above sea level - particular zones are distinguished within it, such as the "field of Megiddo" (2 Chron. 35:32; Zech. 12:11) and the valley of Jezreel (Judg. 6:33; 7:1).
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.