Moyses substituteth Iosue his successour in temporal gouernment. 9. deliuereth the law to the Priestes. 16. God fortelleth that the people wil often forsake him, and that he wil punish them. 19. commandeth Moyses to write a canticle, (an abrigement of the Law) easie to be remembred. 25. and in further testimonie against them, the Leuites must put this booke in the arke of couenant.
1And Moses went, and spoke all these words to all Israel,Andò adunque Mosè, e dichiarò tutte queste cose a tutto quanto Israele,MOYSES therfore went, and spake al these wordes to al Israel,Abiit itaque Moyses, et locutus est omnia verba hæc ad universum Israël, 2And he said to them: I am this day a hundred and twenty years old, I can no longer go out and come in, especially as the Lord also hath said to me: Thou shalt not pass over this Jordan.E disse loro: Io sono oggi in età di cento venti anni, non posso più andare, e venire, particolarmente avendomi detto il Signore: Tu non passerai questo fiume Giordano.and said to them: I am this day a hundred and twentie yeares old, I can not goe out and come in any longer, especially wheras our Lord also hath said to me: Thou shalt not passe ouer this Iordan.et dixit ad eos: Centum viginti annorum sum hodie; non possum ultra egredi et ingredi, præsertim cum et Dominus dixerit mihi: Non transibis Jordanem istum. 3The Lord thy God then will pass over before thee: he will destroy all these nations in thy sight, and thou shalt possess them: and this Josue shall go over before thee, as the Lord hath spoken.Il Signore Dio tuo andrà adunque innanzi a te: egli sterminerà al tuo ingresso tutte queste nazioni, e tu avrai il loro dominio, e questo Giosuè passerà innanzi a te, come ha detto il Signore.Our Lord therfore thy God wil passe ouer before thee: he wil destroy al these nations in thy sight, and thou shalt possesse them: and this Iosue shal passe ouer before thee, as our Lord hath spoken.Dominus ergo Deus tuus transibit ante te: ipse delebit omnes gentes has in conspectu tuo, et possidebis eas: et Josue iste transibit ante te, sicut locutus est Dominus. 4And the Lord shall do to them as he did to Sehon and Og the kings of the Amorrhites, and to their land, and shall destroy them.E il Signore farà a quelle genti, come fece a Sehon, e ad Og regi degli Amorrhei e al loro paese, e le sterminerà.And our Lord shal doe to them as he did to Sehon and Og the kinges of the Ammorheites, and to their land, and shal destroy them.Facietque Dominus eis sicut fecit Sehon et Og regibus Amorrhæorum, et terræ eorum, delebitque eos. 5Therefore when the Lord shall have delivered these also to you, you shall do in like manner to them as I have commanded you.Quando adunque anche queste avrà egli date in vostro potere, voi farete riguardo ad esse, come io vi ho ordinato.Therfore when our Lord shal haue deliuered these also to you, you shal doe in like manner to them as I haue commanded you.Cum ergo et hos tradiderit vobis, similiter facietis eis, sicut præcepi vobis.
6Do manfully and be of good heart: fear not, nor be ye dismayed at their sight: for the Lord thy God he himself is thy leader, and will not leave thee nor forsake thee.Fatevi cuore, siate costanti; non vi prenda timore, o sbigottimento al cospetto di esse: perocché il Signore Dio tuo egli è tuo condottiere, e non ti lascerà, e non ti abbandonerà.Doe manfully, and be strengthned: feare not, neither tremble ye at their sight: because our Lord thy God him selfe is thy conductor, and wil not leaue, nor forsake thee.Viriliter agite, et confortamini: nolite timere, nec paveatis ad conspectum eorum: quia Dominus Deus tuus ipse est ductor tuus, et non dimittet, nec derelinquet te. 7And Moses called Josue, and said to him before all Israel: Take courage, and be valiant: for thou shalt bring this people into the land which the Lord swore he would give to their fathers, and thou shalt divide it by lot.E Mosè chiamò Giosuè, e alla presenza di tutto Israele gli disse: Fatti coraggio, e prendi vigore: perocché tu introdurrai questo popolo nella terra che il Signore giurò di dare ai padri loro, e tu la dividerai a sorte.And Moyses called Iosue, and said to him before al Israel: Take courage, and be strong: for thou shalt bring in this people into the Land, which our Lord sware that he would geue to their fathers, and thou shalt diuide it by lotte.Vocavitque Moyses Josue, et dixit ei coram omni Israël: Confortare, et esto robustus: tu enim introduces populum istum in terram, quam daturum se patribus eorum juravit Dominus, et tu eam sorte divides. 8And the Lord who is your leader, he himself will be with thee: he will not leave thee, nor forsake thee: fear not, neither be dismayed.E il Signore che è vostro condottiere, sarà egli con te: non ti lascerà, e non ti abbandonerà: non temere, e non isbigottirti.And our Lord that is your conductor, him selfe wil be with thee: he wil not leaue, nor forsake thee: feare not, neither dread thou.Et Dominus qui ductor est vester, ipse erit tecum: non dimittet, nec derelinquet te: noli timere, nec paveas. 9And Moses wrote this law, and delivered it to the priests the sons of Levi, who carried the ark of the covenant of the Lord, and to all the ancients of Israel.Scrisse adunque Mosè questa legge, e la diede ai sacerdoti figliuoli di Levi, i quali portavano l'arca dell'alleanza del Signore, e a tutti i seniori d'Israele.Moyses therfore wrote this law, and deliuered it to the priestes the sonnes of Leui, which caried the arke of the couenant of our Lord, and to al the ancientes of Israel.Scripsit itaque Moyses legem hanc, et tradidit eam sacerdotibus filiis Levi, qui portabant arcam fœderis Domini, et cunctis senioribus Israël.
10And he commanded them, saying: After seven years, in the year of remission, in the feast of tabernacles,E ordinò loro, e disse: Ogni sette anni, nell'anno di remissione alla solennità de' tabernacoli,And he commanded them saying: After seuen yeares, in the yeare of remission, in the solemnitie of tabernacles,Præcepitque eis, dicens: Post septem annos, anno remissionis, in solemnitate tabernaculorum, 11When all Israel come together, to appear in the sight of the Lord thy God in the place which the Lord shall choose, thou shalt read the words of this law before all Israel, in their hearing.Raunato tutto Israele per presentarsi al cospetto del Signore Dio tuo, nel luogo eletto dal Signore leggerai le parole di questa legge dinanzi a tutto Israele, il quale ascolterà.when al come together out of Israel, to appeare in the sight of our Lord thy God in the place, which our Lord shal choose, thou shalt read the wordes of this law before al Israel, they hearing,convenientibus cunctis ex Israël, ut appareant in conspectu Domini Dei tui in loco quem elegerit Dominus, leges verba legis hujus coram omni Israël, audientibus eis, 12And the people being all assembled together, both men and women, children and strangers, that are within thy gates: that hearing they may learn, and fear the Lord your God, and keep, and fulfil all the words of this law:Raunati tutti insieme tanto uomini, come donne, e i ragazzi, e i forestieri che abitano nelle tue città: affinché udendo imparino a temere il Signore Dio vostro, e custodiscano, e adempiano tutte le parole di questa legge:and the people being assembled together, as wel men as wemen, children, and strangers, that are within thy gates: that hearing they may learne, and feare our Lord your God, and keepe, and fulfil al the wordes of this law.et in unum omni populo congregato, tam viris quam mulieribus, parvulis, et advenis, qui sunt intra portas tuas: ut audientes discant, et timeant Dominum Deum vestrum, et custodiant, impleantque omnes sermones legis hujus. 13That their children also, who now are ignorant, may hear, and fear the Lord their God, all the days that they live in the land whither you are going over the Jordan to possess it.E affinché anche i vostri figliuoli che ora non intendono, possano udire, e temano il Signore Dio loro per tutti i giorni, che staranno nella terra, della quale andate a prender possesso, passato il Giordano.Their children also who now are ignorant; that they may heare, and feare our Lord their God, al the daies that they liue in the Land, which passing ouer Iordan you goe to obteyne.Filii quoque eorum qui nunc ignorant, ut audire possint, et timeant Dominum Deum suum cunctis diebus quibus versantur in terra, ad quam vos, Jordane transmisso, pergitis obtinendam.
14And the Lord said to Moses: Behold the days of thy death are nigh: call Josue, and stand ye in the tabernacle of the testimony, that I may give him a charge. So Moses and Josue went and stood in the tabernacle of the testimony:E il Signore disse a Mosè: Si avvicina ormai il giorno della tua morte: chiama Giosuè, e tenetevi nel tabernacolo del testamento, affinché io gli dia ordini. Andarono adunque Mosè, e Giosuè, e si fermarono nel tabernacolo del testamento:And our Lord said to Moyses: Behold the daies of thy death are nigh: cal Iosue, and stand ye in the tabernacle of testimonie, that I may command him. Moyses therfore and Iosue went, and stoode in the tabernacle of testimonie,Et ait Dominus ad Moysen: Ecce prope sunt dies mortis tuæ: voca Josue, et state in tabernaculo testimonii, ut præcipiam ei. Abierunt ergo Moyses et Josue, et steterunt in tabernaculo testimonii: 15And the Lord appeared there in the pillar of a cloud, which stood in the entry of the tabernacle.E il Signore ivi apparve nella colonna della nuvola, la quale si posò all'ingresso del tabernacolo.and our Lord appeared there in the piller of a cloude: which stood in the entring of the tabernacle.apparuitque Dominus ibi in columna nubis, quæ stetit in introitu tabernaculi. 16And the Lord said to Moses: Behold thou shalt sleep with thy fathers, and this people rising up will go a fornicating after strange gods in the land, to which it goeth in to dwell: there will they forsake me, and will make void the covenant, which I have made with them,E il Signore disse a Mosè: Ecco che tu ti addormirai co' padri tuoi, e questo popolo si leverà su, e peccherà cogli dei stranieri nella terra, in cui entra per abitarvi: ivi mi abbandonerà, e violerà il patto fermato con lui da me.And our Lord said to Moyses: Behold thou shalt sleepe with thy fathers, and this people rysing vp wil fornicate after strange goddes in the Land, to the which it entreth to dwel therein: there wil they forsake me, and wil make the couenant, which I haue made with them, of none effect.Dixitque Dominus ad Moysen: Ecce tu dormies cum patribus tuis, et populus iste consurgens fornicabitur post deos alienos in terra, ad quam ingreditur ut habitet in ea: ibi derelinquet me, et irritum faciet fœdus, quod pepigi cum eo. 17And my wrath shall be kindled against them in that day: and I will forsake them, and will hide my face from them, and they shall be devoured: all evils and afflictions shall find them, so that they shall say in that day: In truth it is because God is not with me, that these evils have found me.E il mio furore si accenderà contro di lui in quel giorno: e io lo abbandonerò, e nasconderò a lui la mia faccia, ed ei sarà dato in preda: e cadranno sopra di lui tutti i mali, e sciagure, talmente che dirà egli in quel dì: Veramente perché Dio non è meco, mi son venuti addosso tutti questi mali.And my furie shal be wrath against them in that day: and I wil forsake them, and wil hide my face from them, and they shal be deuoured: al euils and afflictions shal finde them, so that they shal say in that day: In truth because God is not with me, these euils haue found me.Et irascetur furor meus contra eum in die illo: et derelinquam eum, et abscondam faciem meam ab eo, et erit in devorationem: invenient eum omnia mala et afflictiones, ita ut dicat in illo die: Vere quia non est Deus mecum, invenerunt me hæc mala.
18But I will hide, and cover my face in that day, for all the evils which they have done, because they have followed strange gods.E io asconderò, e celerò a lui in quel dì la mia faccia a causa di tutti i mali fatti da lui in andando dietro agli dei stranieri.But I wil hide, and keepe close my face in that day, for al the euils, which they haue done, because they haue folowed strange goddes.Ego autem abscondam, et celabo faciem meam in die illo propter omnia mala, quæ fecit, quia secutus est deos alienos. 19Now therefore write you this canticle, and teach the children of Israel: that they may know it by heart, and sing it by mouth, and this song may be unto me for a testimony among the children of Israel.Adesso pertanto scrivete voi questo cantico, e insegnatelo a' figliuoli d'Israele, affinché lo imparino a memoria, e lo cantino; e questo cantico sia una testimonianza per me tra' figliuoli d'Israele.Now therfore write vnto you this canticle, and teach the children of Israel: that they know it by hart, and sing it by mouth, and this song be vnto me for a testimonie among the children of Israel.Nunc itaque scribite vobis canticum istud, et docete filios Israël: ut memoriter teneant, et ore decantent, et sit mihi carmen istud pro testimonio inter filios Israël. 20For I will bring them into the land, for which I swore to their fathers, that floweth with milk and honey. And when they have eaten, and are full and fat, they will turn away after strange gods, and will serve them: and will despise me, and make void my covenant.Perocché io gl'introdurrò nella terra che scorre latte, e miele, promessa da me con giuramento a' padri loro. Ed eglino quando avranno mangiato, e saranno satolli, e ingrassati, si rivolgeranno agli dei stranieri, e li serviranno: e parleranno contro di me, e violeranno il mio patto.For I wil bring them into the Land, for the which I sware to their fathers, flowing with milke and honie. And when they haue eaten, and are ful, and fatte, they wil turne away to strange goddes, and serue them: and wil detract from me, and make my couenant of none effect.Introducam enim eum in terram, pro qua juravi patribus ejus, lacte et melle manantem. Cumque comederint, et saturati, crassique fuerint, avertentur ad deos alienos, et servient eis: detrahentque mihi, et irritum facient pactum meum. 21And after many evils and afflictions shall have come upon them, this canticle shall answer them for a testimony, which no oblivion shall take away out of the mouth of their seed. For I know their thoughts, and what they are about to do this day, before that I bring them into the land which I have promised them.E allora quando saran caduti sopra di lui molti mali, e sciagure, parlerà contro di essi qual testimone questo cantico, il quale essendo nelle bocche dei loro figliuoli, non sarà mai dimenticato. Imperocché io so i suoi pensieri, e quello ch'ei farà oggi, prima che io lo introduca nella terra, che gli ho promesso.After that manie euils and afflictions shal haue found them, this canticle shal answer them for a testimonie, which no obliuion shal take away out of the mouth of their seede. For I know their cogitations, what thinges they are about to doe this day, before that I bring them into the Land, which I haue promised them.Postquam invenerint eum mala multa et afflictiones, respondebit ei canticum istud pro testimonio, quod nulla delebit oblivio ex ore seminis sui. Scio enim cogitationes ejus, quæ facturus sit hodie, antequam introducam eum in terram, quam ei pollicitus sum.
22Moses therefore wrote the canticle, and taught it to the children of Israel.Scrisse adunque Mosè il cantico, e lo insegnò ai figliuoli d'Israele.Moyses therfore wrote the canticle, and taught it the children of Israel.Scripsit ergo Moyses canticum, et docuit filios Israël. 23And the Lord commanded Josue the son of Nun, and said: Take courage, and be valiant: for thou shalt bring the children of Israel into the land which I have promised, and I will be with thee.E il Signore ordinò, e disse a Giosuè figliuolo di Nun: Fatti coraggio, e prendi vigore, imperocché tu introdurrai i figliuoli d'Israele nella terra che io loro promisi, e io sarò teco.And our Lord commanded Iosue the sonne of Nun, and said: Take courage, and be strong: for thou shalt bring the children of Israel into the Land, which I haue promised, and I wil be with theePræcepitque Dominus Josue filio Nun, et ait: Confortare, et esto robustus: tu enim introduces filios Israël in terram, quam pollicitus sum, et ego ero tecum. 24Therefore after Moses had wrote the words of this law in a volume, and finished it:Quando adunque Mosè ebbe finito di scrivere in un libro le parole di questa legge,Therfore after that Moyses wrote the wordes of this law in a volume, and finished it:Postquam ergo scripsit Moyses verba legis hujus in volumine, atque complevit, 25He commanded the Levites, who carried the ark of the covenant of the Lord, saying:Ordinò, e disse ai Leviti, i quali portavan l'arca del testamento del Signore:he commanded the Leuites, that caried the arke of the couenant of our Lord, saying:præcepit Levitis, qui portabant arcam fœderis Domini, dicens: 26Take this book, and put it in the side of the ark of the covenant of the Lord your God: that it may be there for a testimony against thee.Prendete questo libro, e mettetelo in un lato dell'arca del testamento del Signore Dio vostro; affinché ivi rimanga qual testimone contro di te (o Israele):Take this booke, and put it in the side of the arke of the couenant of our Lord your God: that it may be for a testimonie against thee.Tollite librum istum, et ponite eum in latere arcæ fœderis Domini Dei vestri: ut sit ibi contra te in testimonium. 27For I know thy obstinacy, and thy most stiff neck. While I am yet living, and going in with you, you have always been rebellious against the Lord: how much more when I shall be dead?Imperocché io conosco la tua contumacia, e la durezza grande della tua testa. Tuttora vivendo io, e conversando con voi, sempre voi altercaste contro il Signore: quanto più allorché io sarò morto?For I know thy contention, and thy most stiffe necke. Whiles I yet liue and goe in with you, you haue done alwayes contenciously against our Lord: how much more when I shal be dead.Ego enim scio contentionem tuam, et cervicem tuam durissimam. Adhuc vivente me et ingrediente vobiscum, semper contentiose egistis contra Dominum: quanto magis cum mortuus fuero ?
28Gather unto me all the ancients of your tribes, and your doctors, and I will speak these words in their hearing, and will call heaven and earth to witness against them.Raunate dinanzi a me tutti i seniori di ciascheduna delle vostre tribù, e i dottori; e io esporrò dinanzi a loro le mie parole, e invocherò contro di essi il cielo, e la terra.Gather to me al the ancientes by your tribes, and your doctors, and I wil speake these wordes in their hearing, and wil inuocate against them heauen and earth.Congregate ad me omnes majores natu per tribus vestras, atque doctores, et loquar audientibus eis sermones istos, et invocabo contra eos cælum et terram. 29For I know that, after my death, you will do wickedly, and will quickly turn aside from the way that I have commanded you: and evils shall come upon you in the latter times, when you shall do evil in the sight of the Lord, to provoke him by the works of your hands.Perocché io so, come voi dopo la mia morte vi porterete iniquamente, e uscirete ben presto fuori della strada, che io vi ho insegnata: e vi avverranno molti mali negli ultimi tempi, allorché avrete fatto il male al cospetto del Signore, provocandolo a sdegno colle opere delle vostre mani.For I know that after my death you wil doe wickedly, and wil decline quickly from the way, that I haue commanded you: and euils shal come vpon you in the later times, when you shal doe euil in the sight of our Lord, to prouoke him by the workes of your handes.Novi enim quod post mortem meam inique agetis, et declinabitis cito de via, quam præcepi vobis: et occurrent vobis mala in extremo tempore, quando feceritis malum in conspectu Domini, ut irritetis eum per opera manuum vestrarum. 30Moses therefore spoke, in the hearing of the whole assembly of Israel, the words of this canticle, and finished it even to the end.Intonò adunque Mosè, e recitò sino al fine le parole di questo cantico, stando l'adunanza tutta d'Israele ad ascoltarlo.Moyses therfore spake, in the hearing of the whole assemblie of Israel, the wordes of this song, and finished it euen to the end.Locutus est ergo Moyses, audiente universo cœtu Israël, verba carminis hujus, et ad finem usque complevit.
31:1
Year of the World 2553.
Menochius
Went. Began. (Menochius)
Calmet
"Concluded." Septuagint, continued, or, just before he dismissed the audience, he spoke to them as follows. (Calmet)
31:2
Menochius
Come in, to conduct you. (Menochius)
Haydock
Especially. Hebrew, "and the Lord." It was not the want of strength, which hindered Moses from continuing to perform his arduous functions, as he was still full of vigour both in soul and body; (chap. 34:7.; Calmet) but it was his submission to the will of God, who had resolved thus to punish his former diffidence. (Haydock)
31:3
Haydock
Then. This word is not in Hebrew or the Septuagint; neither does Moses mean to insinuate, that God would take his place in conducting the people; but only that after he should be no more, the divine Providence would no less watch over his people, and direct the councils of Josue, who stood beside him. (Haydock)
Menochius
The ark preceded the army, (Josue iii.) and God invisibly put the enemies of Israel to flight. (Menochius)
31:7
Haydock
Called. Hebrew, "unto Josue." He did this publicly that no dispute might arise after his death, respecting the choice of a successor. (Haydock)
Calmet
Lot. Hebrew and Chaldean, "thou shalt put them in possession of it." (Calmet)
31:9
Menochius
This law of Deuteronomy. (Menochius)
Calmet
Some think that he had written so far before he came to the assembly, as well as the Canticle; because God commanded him the same day to ascend the mount, Deuteronomy 32:48. (Calmet)
But Moses did not speak the discourses recorded in this book, at one time. After he had, therefore, dismissed the people with his blessing, and with an assurance that God would be with their newly appointed leader, he committed to writing what he had delivered by God's order, at different times, and gave a copy of the Pentateuch to the priests, who were to keep it carefully on the side of the ark, and explain it to the people, particularly every seventh year. The Jews understand this law to mean the whole Pentateuch. It may denote also, more particularly (Haydock) Deuteronomy, as far as this place, or the 27th, and three subsequent chapters of it. He gave two copies; one to be deposited beside the ark, and the other (ver. 26,) to be kept by the priests. In all contracts of consequence, this method is observed, one copy being laid carefully by, and the other left in the hands of those who may be concerned, Jeremias 32:12. The Rabbins say that 13 copies were taken; one for each of the 12 tribes, and one to be placed on the side of the ark. But of this new assertion we must not expect to hear any proof.
Calmet
Priests, whose duty it is to instruct the people, Malachias 2:7. (Calmet)
Haydock
Ancients, or magistrates, who must put the law in execution, and guide their decisions by it. (Haydock)
Calmet
The mention of the ark in this place, is to insinuate that the book was to be deposited on one side of it, ver. 26. The priests might carry the ark, if they thought proper, (Menochius) as they did sometimes on the more solemn occasions; (Josue ii., and vi., and 1 Kings 4:4,) though the duty belonged to the Levites, Numbers iii., and 4:The pagans placed their sacred books in their temples, under the care of the priests, who were obliged to transcribe them. (Calmet)
31:10
Haydock
Years commenced. Hebrew, "at the extremity of seven years." The sabbatic years began at the expiration of every six years, (Haydock) after the land of Chanaan was conquered, (Calmet) or perhaps after the passage of the Jordan, which took place soon after this discourse was made. Josue spent above six years in the conquest of the country, and then divided it among the tribes. The seventh year was the first year of remission; as the Israelites, particularly on the east side of the Jordan, had already enjoyed the benefits of the country for a considerable time. If they had been required to wait till the whole had been conquered, no sabbatical year would have been of obligation before the reign of Solomon, as he had still some of the devoted nations to subdue. See Exodus xxiii., and Leviticus xxv. (Salien, in the year before Christ 1463) At this time, the ark was removed from Galgala to Silo, where it remained about 350 years, Josue xviii. (Haydock)
31:11
Calmet
Thou shalt. Septuagint, "you shall read." Josephus says, the high priest had to perform this office; while the Rabbins assert, that the chief magistrate, Moses, and his successors, the kings of Juda, had to read the law publicly. The princes did this in the court of the temple, designed for the women, as they also were bound to hear it. We find that Josias read aloud in the temple the words of the covenant, which have been lately discovered, 4 Kings 23:2. (Calmet)
Haydock
But Esdras, a Levite, did the like; (1 Esdras 8:2,) and the command seems to be directed chiefly to the priests, from whose number Moses was not excluded, Psalm 98:6. (Haydock)
31:12
Calmet
Children, (parvulis.) Those who were above 12 years of age, attended the festivals as much as possible, particularly the three great ones. Even little children came to the temple, when they did not live at too great a distance. The lawgiver knew of what importance it was to inspire their tender minds with a love and respect for religion, and for the laws. (Calmet)
31:14
Menochius
In the court, as none but priests were allowed to enter the tabernacle. (Menochius)
31:17
Calmet
My face, as one indignant and much displeased. (Calmet)
Menochius
I will withdraw my special protection and favours from them. (Menochius)
31:19
Haydock
This canticle, which will be given in the following chapter. Hence this law, (ver. 9,) may comprise not only what had gone before, but also the remaining part of the book of Deuteronomy. This Moses would write before his death, and deliver entire, with the preceding books, to be kept with the utmost care, by the priests, as a testimony to remind all of what had happened in past ages, and what would befall the transgressors of God's law. (Haydock)
The canticle, containing an abridgment of the book of Deuteronomy, (Calmet) as the latter did of the whole law, was to be copied out more frequently, (Haydock) and committed to memory. Some suppose that Moses and Josue are here ordered to see this put in execution. Others think that Moses gives this commission to the priests.
Haydock
That they. Hebrew, "put it in their mouths, (Calmet) that this song may be a witness for me against," etc. God foresaw that the Israelites would prove rebellious; but he leaves them without excuse, as they could not plead ignorance. (Haydock)
Worthington
This testimony against them was written in the form of a canticle, that it might be more easily remembered. (Worthington)
31:20
31:21
Thoughts. Hebrew, "imagination." Septuagint, "wickedness."
Haydock
Them. Hebrew, "concerning which I swore." Septuagint add, "to their fathers." (Haydock)
31:23
Haydock
The Lord. Hebrew has not this word, so that it would seem as if Moses had given this charge to Josue; but the context shews (Calmet) that it was the Lord; (ver. 14.) for he swore to give the land of Israel. The Septuagint insert the words Moses and the Lord. "And Moses commanded Josue....the land which the Lord swore." (Haydock)
Menochius
This is the first time that God addresses Josue, in order to confirm his authority. (Menochius)
31:26
Calmet
Side. But not within, (Menochius) according to the generality of interpreters, whom Calmet follows, Exodus 25:10. But here he adopts the contrary opinion of Jonathan and Grotius, and asserts that this writing, containing the 29th, 30th, and 31st chapters, on thin boards, was placed in the ark, beside the tables of the law, in the same manner as the Philistines placed it in a coffer of gold, 1 Kings 6:8. We read (3 Kings 8:9,) that there was nothing in the ark except the two tables, which might be true at the time that book was written; though St. Paul (Hebrews 9:4,) tells us, that the golden pot, and the rod of Aaron, were in the ark. If they were there in the days when the author of the first book of Kings lived, the passage in question must be understood with these exceptions. (Calmet)
Haydock
This difficulty cannot, however, be now easily decided, as the Scripture often uses the word in to denote near to, etc., ver. 14. The coffer of the Philistines might also be on the outside of the ark. (Haydock)
Haydock
Thee. This act of ratification of the covenant, which had been made at Horeb, 39 years before, (Calmet) was placed in or near the ark. (Haydock)
Calmet
The three chapters, of which it probably consisted, seem to have been what was discovered in the reign of Josias; as the threats and blessings which they contain, would naturally tend to make a strong impression upon all, 4 Kings 22:8. (Calmet)
Haydock
Kennicott thinks that Helcias discovered the very manuscript, which Moses had written with his own hand, and which he deposited neither in, nor fastened to any side of the ark, but only placed by the side (mitsad, juxta, Noldius) of it, or upon the same table; so that it might not be taken by the Philistines, but kept in some suitable place. (Dis. ii.) It is surprising that Huet cites Jonathan as delivering this sentiment, in capsa ad latus dextrum. (Haydock)
31:2
He meaneth that he cā not exercise the office of a captaine general, and bring the people into the promised land.
31:19
M••ter is more easily kept in memorie then prose.
And so by this Canticle they are conuinced that they were abundantly for warned, not to breake couenāt with God.
31:22
The eleuenth prophecie in the office before Masse on Easter eue. And the third on whitsuneue.
31:2
san Giustino † 165 d.C. Dialogue with Trypho 126
… For thus the Scripture says: ‘And the Lord said to Moses, Will the Lord’s hand not be sufficient? thou shalt know now whether my word shall conceal thee or not.’ And again, in other words, it thus says: ‘But the Lord spake unto me, Thou shalt not go over this Jordan: the Lord thy God, who goeth before thy face, He shall cut off the nations.’
31:3
sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. A Treatise on the Spirit and the Letter 1
… you may read, too, that twelve thousand legions of angels could possibly have fought for Christ and rescued Him from suffering, but in fact did not; you may read that it was possible for the nations to be exterminated at once out of the land which was given to the children of Israel,
sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. A Treatise on the Spirit and the Letter 62
… We accordingly adduced certain cases out of the gospel and of the law, at the beginning of this work,—such as the passing of a camel through the eye of a needle; and the twelve thousand legions of angels, who could fight for Christ, if He pleased; and those nations which God said He could have exterminated at once from the face of His people,
31:7
sant'Ignazio di Antiochia † 108 d.C. Epistle to Hero, a Deacon of Antioch 8
… And do not reckon this which I have said presumptuous on my part; for although we are not such as they were, yet we at least pray that we may be so, since indeed we are the children of Abraham. Be strong, therefore, O Hero, like a hero, and like a man. For from henceforth thou shalt lead
31:16
san Giustino † 165 d.C. Dialogue with Trypho 74
… As [is clearly seen ] also by the land into which [He said] He would bring [your fathers]; [for He thus speaks]:
31:20
sant'Ippolito † 235 d.C. The Refutation of All Heresies 5.3
… Who hath ears,” he says, “to hear, let him hear.” The meaning of this, he says, is as follows, that none becomes a hearer of these mysteries, unless only the perfect Gnostics. This, he says, is the fair and good land which Moses speaks of: “I will bring you into a fair and good land, into a land flowing with milk and honey.”
31:1
1. ABIIT ITAQUE MOYSES, ET LOCUTUS EST, id est, addidit ergo, vel coepit loqui Moyses verba ista, quae sequuntur: Hebraei enim per egredi, abire, surgere, saepe intelligunt incipere: « abiit » ergo, id est, coepit. Ita Abulensis et Oleaster. 2. NON POSSUM ULTRA EGREDI ET INGREDI, non possum ultra vos ducere, et esse dux vester, tum propter senium, tum quia Deus prohibuit me ingressu terrae promissae, ut sequitur. Ita Oleaster. 3. DOMINUS ERGO DEUS TUUS TRANSIBIT ANTE TE, non mutando locum, sed operando et debellando hostes tuos, q. d. Deus erit dux tuus usque in Chanaan.
31:9
SCRIPSIT ITAQUE MOYSES LEGEM HANC, puta Deuteronomii. Nota: Scripsit haec (aeque ac canticum sequens, cap. xxxii, ut patet vers. 22 hic) Moses, antequam ea diceret et promulgaret populo. Nam eadem die, quae haec dixit Moses, et populo benedixit, ascendit in montem Nebo, ut patet cap. sequent., vers. 48, ibique mortuus est: nec enim Moses potuisset eodem die totum Deuteronomium dicere simul, et scribere. Ita Abulensis. Hinc videtur quod Moses totum Deuteronomium non dixerit unica vice: tum quia hoc longum et molestum fuisset; tum quia postquam coepit illud proloqui, antequam finiret, scripsit illud, ut hic dicitur.
31:10
10 et 11. Post septem annos (computandos a divisione et possessione pacifica terrae sanctae), ANNO REMISSIONIS, IN SOLEMNITATE TABERNACULORUM, etc., LEGES VERBA LEGIS HUJUS. Quolibet ergo anno septimo, publice legi debebat Deuteronomium, coram omnibus, etiam parvulis. Nam primae impressiones sunt fortissimae. Unde Aristoteles: Magni, ait, interest a juventute sic vel sic assuescere. Hinc et Plato jussit homines a teneris instrui ad recte laetandum et tristandum, quia in his perfecta disciplina est, ut scilicet laetemur de virtutibus, tristemur de vitiis. Mystice, annus septimus remissionis est tempus gratiae, in quo Christus et Apostoli secundam legem, puta Evangelicam, promulgarunt. Ita Cyrillus in Glaphyris.
31:13
13. FILII QUOQUE EORUM QUI NUNC IGNORANT, puta parvuli, qui nihil adhuc noverunt, ideoque pariter ignorant hanc Dei legem.
31:16
16. POPULUS ISTE CONSURGENS FORNICABITUR POST DEOS ALIENOS, sequetur deos alienos, eosque colet me deserto; idololatria enim a Prophetis vocatur fornicatio. 17. Abscondam faciem meam ab eo, subtrahendo ei meam protectionem.
31:19
19. SCRIBITE VOBIS CANTICUM ISTUD (puta carmen hoc de quo cap. XXXII), ET DOCETE FILIOS ISRAEL, UT, etc., SIT PRO TESTIMONIO, scilicet propriae iniquitatis et justitiae divinae.
31:21
SCIO ENIM COGITATIONES EJUS, QUAE FACTURUS SIT HODIE. To hodie referendum est, non ad facturus sit, sed ad scio, q. d. Scio hodie et ex nunc, ingenium et propensionem populi hujus ad idola et alia mala, quodque illa reipsa facturus sit suo tempore.
31:26
26. TOLLITE LIBRUM ISTUM (Deuteronomii), ET PONITE EUM IN LATERE ARCAE FOEDERIS DOMINI. Non quod hic liber intra ipsam arcam, in angulo ejus aliquo positus sit, aut poni jussus: nam in arca tantum repositae fuerunt tabulae legis, ut patet III Reg. viii, 9, et II Paral. v, 10; sed quod ad latus arcae, ut habent Hebraea, hoc est extra arcam, in limbo, sive sinu ejus, vel prope eam, una cum virga Aaronis, et urna continente manna, inquit Abulensis, collocatus sit, ex quo loco postmodum aedificato templo, translatus videtur ad gazophylacium, sive ad locum thesaurorum, uti colligitur II Paral. XXXIV, 14.
31:27
27. Ego scio contentionem tuam, et cervicem durissimam, q. d. Quia tu, o popule Hebraee, es contumax, et propensus ad contentionem et rebellionem, possesque procaciter negare, quod unquam tibi data fuisset a me haec lex; ideo volo, ut liber hic legis recondatur in arca, indeque contra te in testimonium proferatur, cum opus fuerit. Nota: alloquitur hic Deus Levitas quasi totum populum, quia illi, utpote sacerdotes et Levitae, totum populum repraesentabant. 28. INVOCABO CONTRA EOS COELUM ET TERRAM, ut sint testes eorum quae dico, scilicet futurae eorum tam transgressionis, quam punitionis. Unde canticum sequens, quod est de hac re, sic orditur: « Audite coeli quae loquor, audiat terra verba oris mei. » Vide dicta cap. IV, vers. 26. 29. PER OPERA MANUUM VESTRARUM, per pravas actiones vestras. Secundo, per idola quae manibus vestris facietis et coletis. Ita Abulensis.
31:30
30. LOCUTUS EST ERGO MOYSES, AUDIENTE UNIVERSO COETU ISRAEL. Hinc videtur per miraculum vox Mosis senilis ita fuisse confortata et adaucta, ut a singulis audiretur, puta a tribus hominum millionibus, uti dixi cap. 1, vers. 1: ita Abulensis. VERBA CARMINIS HUJUS, quod scilicet proxime pepigit et cecinit Moses cap. XXXII. Nota hic zelum et ultima monita Mosis jam morituri: instar enim ignis ardet, ut populo legem Dei inculcet. Ita Josue, cap. xxiv, moriturus populum ad legem Dei foedere astrinxit, et saxum ingens erexit quod testis esset adversus eum, ne datam Deo fidem falleret. Ita David moriturus ad Salomonem filium et regni haeredem ait: « Ego ingredior viam universae terrae, confortare, et esto vir et observa ut custodias mandata Domini Dei tui, » III Reg. II. Ita Constantius Caesar, pater Constantini Magni, moriturus coronam filio imponens ad eum et ad Senatum dixit: « Nunc mihi mors vita ipsa dulcior est futura, nunc optatus adest obitus. Nam filium Imperatorem relinquo, qui Christianorum lacrymas absterget et tyrannorum crudelitatem vindicabit. » Deinde ad multitudinem conversus, bono animo omnes esse jussit, qui a vera in Christum pietate non descivissent, addiditque Christum deinceps cum Constantino in armis fore. Ita ex Eusebio Baronius, tom. II, anno Christi 306. Ita Theodosius Imperator moriturus vocavit filios Arcadium et Honorium, eosque ardenti affectu serio cohortatus est, per salutem ipsorum et reipublicae obtestans, ut sua vestigia insequentes hoc sibi unice curae esse vellent, quo fidei et pietatis doctrina pura et incorrupta conservaretur, et ad posteros propagaretur: in eo conatu nullis laboribus ac sumptibus parcerent, nam in hoc uno summam felicitatis esse positam: hacque ratione unica, nec ulla alia, recte firmari pacem, confici bella, erigi trophaea, et parari victorias. Ita Theodoretus, lib. V, cap. xxv, et alii. S. Ludovicus rex moriturus filio suo haec praecepit: « Fili mi, ante omnia cura ut diligas Deum: nemo enim potest salvus esse nisi Deum amet: Cave ne unquam admittas peccatum mortiferum, sed omnia potius ferre velis genera tormentorum, quam aliquam talem perpetrare culpam. Crebro confitearis peccata tua, deligasque tibi sapientes Confessarios, qui te possint docere, quid agere, quid vitare te oporteat: coram illis ita te geras, ut audeant sincere et reprehendere, et vitia indicare tibi. Parentibus tuis debes amorem, obedientiam et reverentiam. Semper sis addictus et devotus Romanae Ecclesiae, et ejus Pontifici haud secus ac spirituali patri te morigerum praebeas. » Ita habet ejus Vita et Robertus Gaguinus, lib. VII Histor. Franc. Erricus Westgothorum rex convocatis ad se proceribus, praedixit se ad nonum diem e vita mortali transiturum, impetravitque ab illis, ut Alaricum filium in regni solio collocarent. Ei moriens praecepit imprimis, ut Deum diligeret, Dei ministros honoraret, sine consilio procerum fidelium nihil arduum tentaret, subditos amaret, justitiam coleret, clementiam servaret, omnibus se benignum et liberalem exhiberet. Testis est Joannes Magnus, lib. XV Hist. cap. ult. Philippus II, Hispaniarum rex, moriturus anno 1600, filio suo Philippo III haec commendavit: « Deus tibi magnam gratiam fecerit, si te ad eum gloriae apicem, in quo me vidi, evexerit; et te, sicut me prosperarit. Te ex animo obtestor, ut cum id assecutus fueris, hujus lecti in quo me vides, et ubi omnis hujus mundi gloria sistit, memineris. Tibi commendo Sedis Apostolicae obedientiam, fidei Catholicae protectionem, religionis Christianae zelum, reipublicae pacem et in subditos justitiam. Si Deus haec consilia mea firmaverit, suum regem non amiserit hoc regnum, sed solum cum fructu commutaverit. »
31:3
… la successione di Mosè e iniziato con una specie di rito d'investitura (Num. 27, 18-23) alla sua carica; Mosè morente ripeté la designazione, insistendo sul particolare compito a lui demandato di guidare Israele alla conquista e spartizione di Canaan (Deut. 31, 3. 7. 23; cf. Ios. 1, 6-9, ove l'insistenza sull'esortazione a essere « forte, coraggioso » si riferisce alle funzioni militari, caratteristiche dell'attività di G.).
I principali particolari del rito alludono a un dono di vita in opposizione alla morte: il sesso femminile dell'animale, datore di vita; l'immunità dal giogo, simbolo di freschezza di forze (cf. Deut. 31,3; I Sam. 6, 7); il rosso dell'animale e dei cordoncini, allusione al sangue, in cui circola la vita. …
31:4
… quello più recente (gli «Amorriti», v.) ca. l'anno 2000. Talvolta però il Vecchio Testamento distingue fra Cananei e Amorriti, chiamando Amorriti non soltanto gli abitanti preisraelitici della Transgiordania (cf. Num. 21, 13, 31; Deut. 3, 8; 4, 47 sg.; 31, 4; Ios. 2, 10; 9, 10; 12, 2; 13, 10; Iudc. 10, 8), ma anche una parte degli abitanti della Palestina propriamente detta, cioè quella che dimora nella montagna (Deut. 1, 7.19.20.44: popolo …
… Avendo il Re negato il passaggio agli Ebrei, questi decisero di aprirsi la via con le armi: in poche azioni S. rimase sopraffatto, fu ucciso, e i suoi territori rimasero conquista israelitica (Num. 21, 21 sgg.; 32, 33; Deut. 1, 4; 2, 24 sgg.; 3, 2-6; 4, 46; 29, 7; 31, 4; cf. Ios. 2, 10 ecc.).
31:9
… (ibid. 24, 4) le leggi del «codice del Patto» e le «condizioni del Patto» (ibid. 34, 27), «registrò» le tappe dell'avanzata in Transgiordania (Num. 33, 2), «scrisse» e «consegnò ai Leviti» una «legge», che nel contesto sembra essere tutto il Deuteronomio (Deut. 31, 9, 24); «scrisse» il «cantico» che porta il suo nome (ibid. 31, 22). La denominazione accennata del libro come
… sacerdoti « sacerdoti leviti », i « critici » affermano a torto che, secondo la legislazione del Deuteronomio (scritto, secondo loro, nel 622 a. C.), qualunque discendente di Levi era per ciò stesso sacerdote, adducendo passi (Deut. 10, 8; 18, 6-7; 31, 9) in cui le mansioni dei sacerdoti e dei leviti appaiono identiche; affermano che, dato che i sacerdoti sono detti « figli d'Aronne » nel « codice sacerdotale » (P. Levitico) e mai …
31:16
… Nessuna meraviglia quindi che la S. Scrittura usi termini molto forti contro questo peccato: essa lo dice «fornicazione», «prostituzione» (cf. Ex. 34, 15; Lev. 17, 7; Deut. 31, 16 ecc.).
… formalmente tale sopravvivenza nelle note, antichissime frasi per indicare la morte: «scendere nello šē'ōl»; «riunirsi al proprio popolo»; «ritornare ai propri padri» (Gen. 15, 15; 25, 8, 17; 35, 29; 49, 29, 32; Num. 20, 24, 26; 27, 13; 31, 2; Deut. 31, 16; 32, 50; ecc.); esse suppongono evidentemente che qualcosa rimane e sopravvive al disfacimento del corpo (v. ANIMA).
il corpo si addormenta, non l'anima (cf. Deut. 31, 16; Io. 11, 11-12; I Cor. 7, 39; 11, 30; 15, 18; I Thess. 4, 12 sg.; II Pt. 3, 4).
31:19
… l'influsso di Dio che lo riempie di Spirito Santo (Os. 9, 7; Mich. 3, 8; Ez. 2, 2; 3, 12; 8, 13; 11, 5, 24; Zach. 7, 12; II Sam. 23, 2; Eccl. 39, 8; 48, 27; II Esdr. 14, 21, 25, 40-44); il quale gli ordina di parlare o di scrivere (Ex. 17, 14; 34, 27; Deut. 31, 19; Is. 8, 1; 30, 8; Hab. 2, 2; Dan. 8, 26; 12, 4; Ez. 24, 2; in modo speciale Ier. 36) e di esporre solo quello che Dio vuole (Deut. 18, 15-22; Ier. 23, 16; 20, 7-9, 15, 19; 14, 14; …
31:20
… Nella S. Scrittura, infatti, si dice spesso che Dio giura (ad es., Gen., 26, 3; Ev. 6, 8; 13, 5; 33, 1; Num. 32, 11; Deut. 31, 20; ecc.); ora certamente non si può ammettere che Dio giuri nel primo senso indicato. …
31:22
… Questo è il caso di Ex. 17, 14; 24, 4; 34, 27; Num. 33, 2; Deut., 31, 9, 24, per i rispettivi passi (Ex. 17, 8-13; 20-23; ecc.), in particolare il «Cantico» (Deut. 31, 22).
31:23
… condizioni straordinarie, affida, con l'assicurazione del suo aiuto e l'implicita profezia di esito felice (cf. Is. 8, 10 e Rom. 8, 31), ad un personaggio da lui stesso eletto, come ai Patriarchi e ai condottieri d'Israele (cf. Gen. 15, 1; 26, 24; Ev. 3, 12; Deut. 31, 23; Judc. 6, 12, 16; I Sam. 10, 7), denota la singolare missione della Vergine in ordine della divina redenzione: è Lei l'eletta di Dio per dare compimento alla grande promessa: Inimicitias …
31:26
ARCA (DELL'ALLEANZA), ARCA DELLA TESTIMONIANZA
… Dentro era collocata «la testimonianza», cioè le due tavole della Legge (I Reg. 8, 9; cf. Ex. 25, 16); secondo Hebr. 9, 4, anche un vasetto d'oro con un po' di manna e la verga di Aronne (ma cf. Ex. 16, 33-34); vicino ad essa si collocò il libro della Legge di Mosè (Deut. 31, 26).
MOSÈ (MŌŠEH, ΜΩ[Θ]ΣΗ͂Σ, VOLG. MOYSES, ANTICA LATINA MOSES)
… Fece una generale revisione di tutta la legislazione promulgata dal Sinai a Cades, aggiornandola e completandola, in una serie di discorsi che furono scritti (Deut. 17, 18; 25, 58, ecc.) e depositati presso l'Arca (ibid. 31, 26) e formano il contenuto del Deuteronomio (v.); rinnovò il patto (ibid. 28, 69), ordinò la lettura periodica della Legge; infine nominò suo successore Giosuè, figlio di Nun. Più che …
Codice, testimonianza (Deut. 31, 26), sintesi e fondamento dell'alleanza di Jahweh con Israele, la t. di Mosè, cioè i 5 primi libri della Bibbia, si svolge intorno a un tema generale unificatore, che può esprimersi nella …
31:30
MOSÈ (MŌŠEH, ΜΩ[Θ]ΣΗ͂Σ, VOLG. MOYSES, ANTICA LATINA MOSES)
nanza d'Israele (ibid. 31, 30-32, 43), e una serie di benedizioni per le singole tribù (ibid. 33). Quindi salì sul Monte Nebo, donde contemplò oltre la valle del Giordano l'altipiano del Canaan, e in quell'atteggiamento morì. …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.